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Ino K, Utagawa Y, Shiku H. Microarray-Based Electrochemical Biosensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:317-338. [PMID: 37306698 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays are widely utilized in bioanalysis. Electrochemical biosensing techniques are often applied in microarray-based assays because of their simplicity, low cost, and high sensitivity. In such systems, the electrodes and sensing elements are arranged in arrays, and the target analytes are detected electrochemically. These sensors can be utilized for high-throughput bioanalysis and the electrochemical imaging of biosamples, including proteins, oligonucleotides, and cells. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress on these topics. We categorize electrochemical biosensing techniques for array detection into four groups: scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrode arrays, electrochemiluminescence, and bipolar electrodes. For each technique, we summarize the key principles and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and bioanalysis applications. Finally, we present conclusions and perspectives about future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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2
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Yin C, Jiang X, Mann S, Tian L, Drinkwater BW. Acoustic Trapping: An Emerging Tool for Microfabrication Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207917. [PMID: 36942987 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The high throughput deposition of microscale objects with precise spatial arrangement represents a key step in microfabrication technology. This can be done by creating physical boundaries to guide the deposition process or using printing technologies; in both approaches, these microscale objects cannot be further modified after they are formed. The utilization of dynamic acoustic fields offers a novel approach to facilitate real-time reconfigurable miniaturized systems in a contactless manner, which can potentially be used in physics, chemistry, biology, as well as materials science. Here, the physical interactions of microscale objects in an acoustic pressure field are discussed and how to fabricate different acoustic trapping devices and how to tune the spatial arrangement of the microscale objects are explained. Moreover, different approaches that can dynamically modulate microscale objects in acoustic fields are presented, and the potential applications of the microarrays in biomedical engineering, chemical/biochemical sensing, and materials science are highlighted alongside a discussion of future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 66 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Bruce W Drinkwater
- Faculty of Engineering, Queen's Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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3
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Wang X, Wang Z, Yu C, Ge Z, Yang W. Advances in precise single-cell capture for analysis and biological applications. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3047-3063. [PMID: 35946358 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms. However, conventional cell analysis only averages millions of cell populations, and some important information is lost. It is essential to quantitatively characterize the physiology and pathology of single-cell activities. Precise single-cell capture is an extremely challenging task during cell sample preparation. In this review, we summarize the category of technologies to capture single cells precisely with a focus on the latest development in the last five years. Each technology has its own set of benefits and specific challenges, which provide opportunities for researchers in different fields. Accordingly, we introduce the applications of captured single cells in cancer diagnosis, analysis of metabolism and secretion, and disease treatment. Finally, some perspectives are provided on the current development trends, future research directions, and challenges of single-cell capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Chang Yu
- College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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4
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A time-coded multi-concentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator for high-throughput probing suspension single-cell signaling. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Real-time monitoring of single-cell secretion with a high-throughput nanoplasmonic microarray. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:113955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Zhang Z, Huang X, Liu K, Lan T, Wang Z, Zhu Z. Recent Advances in Electrical Impedance Sensing Technology for Single-Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:470. [PMID: 34821686 PMCID: PMC8615761 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is of significance in cell-based assays for life science, biomedicine and clinical diagnostics. Electrical impedance sensing technology has become a powerful tool, allowing for rapid, non-invasive, and label-free acquisition of electrical parameters of single cells. These electrical parameters, i.e., equivalent cell resistance, membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity, are closely related to cellular biophysical properties and dynamic activities, such as size, morphology, membrane intactness, growth state, and proliferation. This review summarizes basic principles, analytical models and design concepts of single-cell impedance sensing devices, including impedance flow cytometry (IFC) to detect flow-through single cells and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to monitor immobilized single cells. Then, recent advances of both electrical impedance sensing systems applied in cell recognition, cell counting, viability detection, phenotypic assay, cell screening, and other cell detection are presented. Finally, prospects of impedance sensing technology in single-cell analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Tiancong Lan
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Zixin Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
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7
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Wang Z, Guo Y, Wadbro E, Liu Z. Topology Optimization of Passive Cell Traps. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070809. [PMID: 34357219 PMCID: PMC8303924 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses a flexible design method of cell traps based on the topology optimization of fluidic flows. Being different from the traditional method, this method obtains the periodic layout of the cell traps according to the cell trapping requirements by proposing a topology optimization model. Additionally, it satisfies the cell trapping function by restricting the flow distribution while taking into account the overall energy dissipation of the flow field. The dependence on the experience of the designer is reduced when this method is used to design a cell trap with acceptable trapping performance. By comparing the influence of the changes of various parameters on the optimization results, the flexibility of the topology optimization method for cell trap structure optimization is verified. The capability of this design method is validated by several performed comparisons between the obtained layouts and optimized designs in the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Eddie Wadbro
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden;
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Manzoor AA, Romita L, Hwang DK. A review on microwell and microfluidic geometric array fabrication techniques and its potential applications in cellular studies. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Manzoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lauren Romita
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dae Kun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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9
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Fabrication of a Pneumatic Microparticle Concentrator. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010040. [PMID: 31905683 PMCID: PMC7019989 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic platform employing (normally open) pneumatic valves for particle concentration. The device features a three-dimensional network with a curved fluidic channel and three pneumatic valves (a sieve valve (Vs) that concentrates particles and two ON/OFF rubber-seal pneumatic valves that block the working fluid). Double-sided replication employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used to fabricate the network, channel, and chamber. Particles were blocked by deformation of the Vs diaphragm, and then accumulated in the curved microfluidic channel. The working fluid was discharged via operation of the two ON/OFF valves. After concentration, particles were released to an outlet port. The Vs pressure required to block solid particles varying in diameter was determined based on the height of the curved microchannel and a finite element method (FEM) simulation of Vs diaphragm displacement. Our method was verified according to the temporal response of the fluid flow rate controlled by the pneumatic valves. Furthermore, all particles with various diameters were successfully blocked, accumulated, and released. The operating pressure, time required for concentration, and concentration ratio were dependent on the particle diameter. The estimated concentration percentage of 24.9 µm diameter polystyrene particles was about 3.82% for 20 min of operation.
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10
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Kunti G, Agarwal T, Bhattacharya A, Maiti TK, Chakraborty S. On-Chip Concentration and Patterning of Biological Cells Using Interplay of Electrical and Thermal Fields. Anal Chem 2019; 92:838-844. [PMID: 31769657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
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11
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Lin Y, Gao Y, Wu M, Zhou R, Chung D, Caraveo G, Xu J. Acoustofluidic stick-and-play micropump built on foil for single-cell trapping. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3045-3053. [PMID: 31406970 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of microfluidic devices nowadays are built on rigid or bulky substrates such as glass slides and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slabs, and heavily rely on external equipment such as syringe pumps. Although a variety of micropumps have been developed in the past, few of them are suitable for flexible microfluidics or lab-on-a-foil systems. In this paper, stick-and-play acoustic micropump is built on thin and flexible plastic film by printing microstructures termed defended oscillating membrane equipped structures (DOMES) using two-photon polymerization. Specifically, this new micropump induces rectified flow upon the actuation of acoustic waves, and the flow patterns agree with simulation results very well. More importantly, the developed micropump has the capabilities to generate adjustable flow rates as high as 420 nL min-1, and does not suffer from problems such as bubble instability, gas dissolution, and undesired bubble-trapping that commonly occur in other forms of acoustic micropumps. Since the micropump works in stick-and-play mode, it is reusable after cleaning thanks to the easy separation of covers and substrates. Lastly, the developed micropump is applied for creating a self-pumped single-cell trapping device. The excellent trapping capability of the integrated device proves its potential for long-term studies of biological behaviors of individual cells for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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12
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Mi S, Yang S, Liu T, Du Z, Xu Y, Li B, Sun W. A Novel Controllable Cell Array Printing Technique on Microfluidic Chips. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2512-2520. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2891016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Yu M, Li YJ, Shao JY, Qin KR. Transport of dynamic biochemical signals in a microfluidic single cell trapping channel with varying cross-sections. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:33. [PMID: 30888544 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic biochemical signal control in vitro is important in the study of cellular responses to dynamic biochemical stimuli in microenvironment in vivo. To this end, we designed a microfluidic single cell trapping channel with varying cross-sections. In this work, we analyzed the transport of dynamic biochemical signals in steady and non-reversing pulsatile flows in such a microchannel. By numerically solving the 2D time-dependent Taylor-Aris dispersion equation, we studied the transport mechanism of different signals with varying parameters. The amplitude spectrum in steady flow shows that the trapping microchannel acts as a low-pass filter due to the longitudinal dispersion. The input signal can be modulated nonlinearly by the pulsatile flow. In addition, the nonlinear modulation effects are affected by the pulsatile flow frequency, the pulsatile flow amplitude and the average flow rate. When the flow frequency is much smaller or larger than that of the biochemical signal, the signal can be transmitted more efficiently. Besides, smaller pulsatile flow amplitude and larger average flow rate can decrease the nonlinear modulation and promote the signal transmission. These results demonstrate that in order to accurately load a desired dynamic biochemical signal to the trapped cell to probe the cellular dynamic response to the dynamic biochemical stimulus, the transport mechanism of the signals in the microchannel should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Yu Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, 63130-4899, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., 116024, Dalian, China.
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14
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Zheng T, Zhang Z, Zhu R. Flexible Trapping and Manipulation of Single Cells on a Chip by Modulating Phases and Amplitudes of Electrical Signals Applied onto Microelectrodes. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4479-4487. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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15
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Luo T, Fan L, Zhu R, Sun D. Microfluidic Single-Cell Manipulation and Analysis: Methods and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E104. [PMID: 30717128 PMCID: PMC6412357 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In a forest of a hundred thousand trees, no two leaves are alike. Similarly, no two cells in a genetically identical group are the same. This heterogeneity at the single-cell level has been recognized to be vital for the correct interpretation of diagnostic and therapeutic results of diseases, but has been masked for a long time by studying average responses from a population. To comprehensively understand cell heterogeneity, diverse manipulation and comprehensive analysis of cells at the single-cell level are demanded. However, using traditional biological tools, such as petri-dishes and well-plates, is technically challengeable for manipulating and analyzing single-cells with small size and low concentration of target biomolecules. With the development of microfluidics, which is a technology of manipulating and controlling fluids in the range of micro- to pico-liters in networks of channels with dimensions from tens to hundreds of microns, single-cell study has been blooming for almost two decades. Comparing to conventional petri-dish or well-plate experiments, microfluidic single-cell analysis offers advantages of higher throughput, smaller sample volume, automatic sample processing, and lower contamination risk, etc., which made microfluidics an ideal technology for conducting statically meaningful single-cell research. In this review, we will summarize the advances of microfluidics for single-cell manipulation and analysis from the aspects of methods and applications. First, various methods, such as hydrodynamic and electrical approaches, for microfluidic single-cell manipulation will be summarized. Second, single-cell analysis ranging from cellular to genetic level by using microfluidic technology is summarized. Last, we will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various microfluidic methods for single-cell manipulation, and then outlook the trend of microfluidic single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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16
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Effect of particle-particle interaction on dielectrophoretic single particle trap in a sudden contraction flow. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Varma S, Voldman J. Caring for cells in microsystems: principles and practices of cell-safe device design and operation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3333-3352. [PMID: 30324208 PMCID: PMC6254237 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic device designers and users continually question whether cells are 'happy' in a given microsystem or whether they are perturbed by micro-scale technologies. This issue is normally brought up by engineers building platforms, or by external reviewers (academic or commercial) comparing multiple technological approaches to a problem. Microsystems can apply combinations of biophysical and biochemical stimuli that, although essential to device operation, may damage cells in complex ways. However, assays to assess the impact of microsystems upon cells have been challenging to conduct and have led to subjective interpretation and evaluation of cell stressors, hampering development and adoption of microsystems. To this end, we introduce a framework that defines cell health, describes how device stimuli may stress cells, and contrasts approaches to measure cell stress. Importantly, we provide practical guidelines regarding device design and operation to minimize cell stress, and recommend a minimal set of quantitative assays that will enable standardization in the assessment of cell health in diverse devices. We anticipate that as microsystem designers, reviewers, and end-users enforce such guidelines, we as a community can create a set of essential principles that will further the adoption of such technologies in clinical, translational and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Varma
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
,
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824
, Cambridge
, USA
.
; Fax: +617 258 5846
; Tel: +617 253 1583
| | - Joel Voldman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
,
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824
, Cambridge
, USA
.
; Fax: +617 258 5846
; Tel: +617 253 1583
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18
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Liu Y, Ren D, Ling X, Liang W, Li J, You Z, Yalikun Y, Tanaka Y. Time Sequential Single-Cell Patterning with High Efficiency and High Density. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113672. [PMID: 30380644 PMCID: PMC6264106 DOI: 10.3390/s18113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell capture plays an important role in single-cell manipulation and analysis. This paper presents a microfluidic device for deterministic single-cell trapping based on the hydrodynamic trapping mechanism. The device is composed of an S-shaped loop channel and thousands of aligned trap units. This arrayed structure enables each row of the device to be treated equally and independently, as it has row periodicity. A theoretical model was established and a simulation was conducted to optimize the key geometric parameters, and the performance was evaluated by conducting experiments on MCF-7 and Jurkat cells. The results showed improvements in single-cell trapping ability, including loading efficiency, capture speed, and the density of the patterned cells. The optimized device can achieve a capture efficiency of up to 100% and single-cell capture efficiency of up to 95%. This device offers 200 trap units in an area of 1 mm2, which enables 100 single cells to be observed simultaneously using a microscope with a 20× objective lens. One thousand cells can be trapped sequentially within 2 min; this is faster than the values obtained with previously reported devices. Furthermore, the cells can also be recovered by reversely infusing solutions. The structure can be easily extended to a large scale, and a patterned array with 32,000 trap sites was accomplished on a single chip. This device can be a powerful tool for high-throughput single-cell analysis, cell heterogeneity investigation, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dahai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xixin Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Weibin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Shinde P, Mohan L, Kumar A, Dey K, Maddi A, Patananan AN, Tseng FG, Chang HY, Nagai M, Santra TS. Current Trends of Microfluidic Single-Cell Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3143. [PMID: 30322072 PMCID: PMC6213733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expression and the physiological state of cells in a given population. In comparison to bulk cell measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. In this review, we describe the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications in single-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Loganathan Mohan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Amogh Kumar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Anjali Maddi
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
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Bernal OI, Bharti B, Flickinger MC, Velev OD. Fabrication of Photoreactive Biocomposite Coatings via Electric Field-Assisted Assembly of Cyanobacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5304-5313. [PMID: 28481540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report how dielectrophoresis (DEP) can be used as a tool for the fabrication of biocomposite coatings of photoreactive cyanobacteria (Synechococcus PCC7002) on flexible polyester sheets (PEs). The PE substrates were precoated by a layer-by-layer assembled film of charged polyelectrolytes. In excellent agreement between experimental data and numerical simulations, the directed assembly process driven by external electric field results in the formation of 1D chains and 2D sheets by the cells. The preassembled cyanobacteria chains and arrays became deposited on the substrate and remained in place after the electric field was turned off due to the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged cell surfaces and the positively charged polyelectrolyte-coated PE. The DEP-assisted packing of cyanobacteria is close to the maximal surface coverage of ∼70% estimated from convectively assembled monolayers. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and spectrophotometry confirm that the photosynthetic pigment integrity of the Synechococcus cells is preserved after DEP immobilization. The significant decrease of the light scattering and the enhanced transmittance of these field-assembled cyanobacteria coatings demonstrate reduced self-shading compared to suspension cultures. Thus, we achieved the assembly of structured cyanobacteria coatings that optimize cell surface coverage and preserve cell viability after immobilization. This is a step toward the development of flexible multilayered cell-based photoabsorbing biomaterials that can serve as components of "biomimetic leaves" for utilizing solar energy to recycle CO2 into fuels or chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Delapierre FD, Mottet G, Taniga V, Boisselier J, Viovy JL, Malaquin L. High throughput micropatterning of interspersed cell arrays using capillary assembly. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015015. [PMID: 28071591 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel technology is reported to immobilize different types of particles or cells on a surface at predefined positions with a micrometric precision. The process uses capillary assembly on arrays of crescent-shaped structures with different orientations. Sequential assemblies in different substrate orientations with different types of particles allow for the creation of imbricated and multiplexed arrays. In this work up to four different types of particles were deterministically localized on a surface. Using this process, antibody coated microparticles were assembled on substrates and used as capture patterns for the creation of complex cell networks. This new technology may have numerous applications in biology, e.g. for fast cell imaging, cell-cell interactions studies, or construction of cell arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Damien Delapierre
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 168, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), F-75005, Paris, France. Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, F-75005, Paris, France
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22
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Microfluidic Platform for Parallel Single Cell Analysis for Diagnostic Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28044297 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6734-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cell populations are heterogeneous: they can comprise different cell types or even cells at different stages of the cell cycle and/or of biological processes. Furthermore, molecular processes taking place in cells are stochastic in nature. Therefore, cellular analysis must be brought down to the single cell level to get useful insight into biological processes, and to access essential molecular information that would be lost when using a cell population analysis approach. Furthermore, to fully characterize a cell population, ideally, information both at the single cell level and on the whole cell population is required, which calls for analyzing each individual cell in a population in a parallel manner. This single cell level analysis approach is particularly important for diagnostic applications to unravel molecular perturbations at the onset of a disease, to identify biomarkers, and for personalized medicine, not only because of the heterogeneity of the cell sample, but also due to the availability of a reduced amount of cells, or even unique cells. This chapter presents a versatile platform meant for the parallel analysis of individual cells, with a particular focus on diagnostic applications and the analysis of cancer cells. We first describe one essential step of this parallel single cell analysis protocol, which is the trapping of individual cells in dedicated structures. Following this, we report different steps of a whole analytical process, including on-chip cell staining and imaging, cell membrane permeabilization and/or lysis using either chemical or physical means, and retrieval of the cell molecular content in dedicated channels for further analysis. This series of experiments illustrates the versatility of the herein-presented platform and its suitability for various analysis schemes and different analytical purposes.
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Alazzam A, Mathew B, Khashan S. Microfluidic Platforms for Bio-applications. ADVANCED MECHATRONICS AND MEMS DEVICES II 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko YANAGIDA
- Laboratory for Feature Interdisiplinary Research of Science and Technology (FIRST), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology
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25
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Zhu Z, Chen P, Liu K, Escobedo C. A Versatile Bonding Method for PDMS and SU-8 and Its Application towards a Multifunctional Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E230. [PMID: 30404401 PMCID: PMC6190230 DOI: 10.3390/mi7120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a versatile and irreversible bonding method for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and SU-8. The method is based on epoxide opening and dehydration reactions between surface-modified PDMS and SU-8. A PDMS replica is first activated via the low-cost lab equipment, i.e., the oxygen plasma cleaner or the corona treater. Then both SU-8 and plasma-treated PDMS samples are functionalized using hydrolyzed (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). Ultimately, the samples are simply brought into contact and heated to enable covalent bonding. The molecular coupling and chemical reactions behind the bonding occurring at the surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The reliability of bonded PDMS-SU-8 samples was examined by using tensile strength and leakage tests, which revealed a bonding strength of over 1.4 MPa. The presented bonding method was also applied to create a metal-SU-8-PDMS hybrid device, which integrated SU-8 microfluidic structures and microelectrodes. This hybrid system was used for the effective trapping of microparticles on-chip, and the selective releasing and identification of predefined trapped microparticles. The hybrid fabrication approach presented here, based on the PDMS-SU-8 bonding, enables multifunctional integration in complex microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Kegang Liu
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrassse 20, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 9 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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26
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Delincé MJ, Bureau JB, López-Jiménez AT, Cosson P, Soldati T, McKinney JD. A microfluidic cell-trapping device for single-cell tracking of host-microbe interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3276-85. [PMID: 27425421 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cellular individuality on host-microbe interactions is increasingly appreciated but studying the temporal dynamics of single-cell behavior in this context remains technically challenging. Here we present a microfluidic platform, InfectChip, to trap motile infected cells for high-resolution time-lapse microscopy. This approach allows the direct visualization of all stages of infection, from bacterial uptake to death of the bacterium or host cell, over extended periods of time. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by co-culturing an established host-cell model, Dictyostelium discoideum, with the extracellular pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae or the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium marinum. We show that the outcome of such infections is surprisingly heterogeneous, ranging from abortive infection to death of the bacterium or host cell. InfectChip thus provides a simple method to dissect the time-course of host-microbe interactions at the single-cell level, yielding new insights that could not be gleaned from conventional population-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu J Delincé
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bureau
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Pierre Cosson
- Department for Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - John D McKinney
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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27
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Kim SH, Fujii T. Efficient analysis of a small number of cancer cells at the single-cell level using an electroactive double-well array. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2440-9. [PMID: 27189335 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the intracellular materials of a small number of cancer cells at the single-cell level is important to improve our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in rare cells. To analyze an extremely small number of cancer cells (less than hundreds of cells), an efficient system is required in order to analyze target cells with minimal sample loss. Here, we present a novel approach utilizing an advanced electroactive double-well array (EdWA) for on-chip analysis of a small number of cancer cells at the single-cell level with minimal loss of target cells. The EdWA consisted of cell-sized trap-wells for deterministic single-cell trapping using dielectrophoresis and high aspect ratio reaction-wells for confining the cell lysates extracted by lysing trapped single cells via electroporation. We demonstrated a highly efficient single-cell arraying (a cell capture efficiency of 96 ± 3%) by trapping diluted human prostate cancer cells (PC3 cells). On-chip single-cell analysis was performed by measuring the intracellular β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity after lysing the trapped single cells inside a tightly enclosed EdWA in the presence of a fluorogenic enzyme substrate. The PC3 cells showed large cell-to-cell variations in β-gal activity although they were cultured under the same conditions in a culture dish. This simple and effective system has great potential for high throughput single-cell analysis of rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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Khamenehfar A, Gandhi MK, Chen Y, Hogge DE, Li PCH. Dielectrophoretic Microfluidic Chip Enables Single-Cell Measurements for Multidrug Resistance in Heterogeneous Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient Samples. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5680-8. [PMID: 27149245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The front-line treatment for adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy. However, treatment outcomes remain suboptimal with relapses frequently observed. Among the mechanisms of treatment failure is multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by the ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 drug-efflux transporters. Although genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity between leukemic blast cells is a well-recognized phenomenon, there remains minimal data on differences in MDR activity at the individual cell level. Specifically, functional assays that can distinguish the variability in MDR activity between individual leukemic blasts are lacking. Here, we outline a new dielectrophoretic (DEP) chip-based assay. This assay permits measurement of drug accumulation in single cells, termed same-single-cell analysis in the accumulation mode (SASCA-A). Initially, the assay was optimized in pretherapy samples from 20 adults with AML whose leukemic blasts had MDR activity against the anthracyline daunorubicin (DNR) tested using multiple MDR inhibitors. Parameters tested were initial drug accumulation, time to achieve signal saturation, fold-increase of DNR accumulation with MDR inhibition, ease of cell trapping, and ease of maintaining the trapped cells stationary. This enabled categorization into leukemic blast cells with MDR activity (MDR(+)) and leukemic blast cells without MDR activity (MDR(-ve)). Leukemic blasts could also be distinguished from benign white blood cells (notably these also lacked MDR activity). MDR(-ve) blasts were observed to be enriched in samples taken from patients who went on to enter complete remission (CR), whereas MDR(+) blasts were frequently observed in patients who failed to achieve CR following front-line chemotherapy. However, pronounced variability in functional MDR activity between leukemic blasts was observed, with MDR(+) cells not infrequently seen in some patients that went on to achieve CR. Next, we tested MDR activity in two paired AML patient samples. Pretherapy samples taken from patients that achieved CR to front-line chemotherapy were compared with samples taken at time of subsequent relapse. MDR(+) cells were frequently observed in leukemic blast cells in both pretherapy and relapsed samples, consistent with MDR as a mechanism of relapse in these patients. We demonstrate the ability of a new DEP microfluidic chip-based assay to identify heterogeneity in MDR activity in leukemic blasts. The test provides a platform for future studies to characterize the mechanistic basis for heterogeneity in MDR activity at the individual cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maher K Gandhi
- The University of Queensland , Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Donna E Hogge
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Zhao L, Ma C, Shen S, Tian C, Xu J, Tu Q, Li T, Wang Y, Wang J. Pneumatic microfluidics-based multiplex single-cell array. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:423-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Konry T, Sarkar S, Sabhachandani P, Cohen N. Innovative Tools and Technology for Analysis of Single Cells and Cell-Cell Interaction. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 18:259-84. [PMID: 26928209 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-090215-112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in single-cell responses and intercellular interactions results from complex regulation of cell-intrinsic and environmental factors. Single-cell analysis allows not only detection of individual cellular characteristics but also correlation of genetic content with phenotypic traits in the same cell. Technological advances in micro- and nanofabrication have benefited single-cell analysis by allowing precise control of the localized microenvironment, cell manipulation, and sensitive detection capabilities. Additionally, microscale techniques permit rapid, high-throughput, multiparametric screening that has become essential for -omics research. This review highlights innovative applications of microscale platforms in genetic, proteomic, and metabolic detection in single cells; cell sorting strategies; and heterotypic cell-cell interaction. We discuss key design aspects of single-cell localization and isolation in microfluidic systems, dynamic and endpoint analyses, and approaches that integrate highly multiplexed detection of various intracellular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
| | - Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
| | - Pooja Sabhachandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
| | - Noa Cohen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
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31
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Lownes Urbano R, Morss Clyne A. An inverted dielectrophoretic device for analysis of attached single cell mechanics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:561-73. [PMID: 26738543 PMCID: PMC4734981 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the force induced on a polarizable body by a non-uniform electric field, has been widely used to manipulate single cells in suspension and analyze their stiffness. However, most cell types do not naturally exist in suspension but instead require attachment to the tissue extracellular matrix in vivo. Cells alter their cytoskeletal structure when they attach to a substrate, which impacts cell stiffness. It is therefore critical to be able to measure mechanical properties of cells attached to a substrate. We present a novel inverted quadrupole dielectrophoretic device capable of measuring changes in the mechanics of single cells attached to a micropatterned polyacrylamide gel. The device is positioned over a cell of defined size, a directed DEP pushing force is applied, and cell centroid displacement is dynamically measured by optical microscopy. Using this device, single endothelial cells showed greater centroid displacement in response to applied DEP pushing force following actin cytoskeleton disruption by cytochalasin D. In addition, transformed mammary epithelial cell (MCF10A-NeuT) showed greater centroid displacement in response to applied DEP pushing force compared to untransformed cells (MCF10A). DEP device measurements were confirmed by showing that the cells with greater centroid displacement also had a lower elastic modulus by atomic force microscopy. The current study demonstrates that an inverted DEP device can determine changes in single attached cell mechanics on varied substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lownes Urbano
- Drexel University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alisa Morss Clyne
- Drexel University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Attayek PJ, Hunsucker SA, Wang Y, Sims CE, Armistead PM, Allbritton NL. Array-Based Platform To Select, Release, and Capture Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Cells Based on Intercellular Adhesion. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12281-9. [PMID: 26558605 PMCID: PMC6026766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microraft arrays were developed to select and separate cells based on a complex phenotype, weak intercellular adhesion, without knowledge of cell-surface markers or intracellular proteins. Since the cells were also not competent to bind to a culture surface, a method to encapsulate nonadherent cells within a gelatin plug on the concave microraft surface was developed, enabling release and collection of the cells without the need for cell attachment to the microraft surface. After microraft collection, the gelatin was liquified to release the cell(s) for culture or analysis. A semiautomated release and collection device for the microrafts demonstrated 100 ± 0% collection efficiency of the microraft while increasing throughput 5-fold relative to that of manual release and collection. Using the microraft array platform along with the gelatin encapsulation method, single cells that were not surface-attached were isolated with a 100 ± 0% efficiency and a 96 ± 4% postsort single-cell cloning efficiency. As a demonstration, Epstein-Barr virus-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-LCL) were isolated based on their intercellular adhesive properties. The identified cell colonies were collected with a 100 ± 0% sorting efficiency and a postsort viability of 87 ± 3%. When gene expression analysis of the EBV latency-associated gene, EBNA-2, was performed, there was no difference in expression between blasting or weakly adhesive cells and nonblasting or nonadhesive cells. Microraft arrays are a versatile method enabling separation of cells based on complicated and as yet poorly understood cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally A Hunsucker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher E Sims
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Paul M Armistead
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel HillNorth Carolina 27599, United States
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Chen CC, Liu YJ, Yao DJ. Paper-based device for separation and cultivation of single microalga. Talanta 2015; 145:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kim SH, Antfolk M, Kobayashi M, Kaneda S, Laurell T, Fujii T. Highly efficient single cell arraying by integrating acoustophoretic cell pre-concentration and dielectrophoretic cell trapping. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4356-63. [PMID: 26439940 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To array rare cells at the single-cell level, the volumetric throughput may become a bottleneck in the cell trapping and the subsequent single-cell analysis, since the target cells per definition commonly exist in a large sample volume after purification from the original sample. Here, we present a novel approach for high throughput single cell arraying by integrating two original microfluidic devices: an acoustofluidic chip and an electroactive microwell array. The velocity of the cells is geared down in the acoustofluidic chip while maintaining a high volume flow rate at the inlet of the microsystem, and the cells are subsequently trapped one by one into the microwell array using dielectrophoresis. The integrated system exhibited a 10 times improved sample throughput compared to trapping with the electroactive microwell array chip alone, while maintaining a highly efficient cell recovery above 90%. The results indicate that the serial integration of the acoustophoretic pre-concentration with the dielectrophoretic cell trapping drastically improves the performance of the electroactive microwell array for highly efficient single cell analysis. This simple and effective system for high throughput single cell arraying with further possible integration of additional functions, including cell sorting and downstream analysis after cell trapping, has potential for development to a highly integrated and automated platform for single-cell analysis of rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan. and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | | | - Marina Kobayashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan. and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Shohei Kaneda
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan. and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Lund University, Sweden. and Dongguk University, South Korea
| | - Teruo Fujii
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan. and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
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Digital Microfluidics for Manipulation and Analysis of a Single Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22319-32. [PMID: 26389890 PMCID: PMC4613310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic structural and functional unit of a living organism is a single cell. To understand the variability and to improve the biomedical requirement of a single cell, its analysis has become a key technique in biological and biomedical research. With a physical boundary of microchannels and microstructures, single cells are efficiently captured and analyzed, whereas electric forces sort and position single cells. Various microfluidic techniques have been exploited to manipulate single cells through hydrodynamic and electric forces. Digital microfluidics (DMF), the manipulation of individual droplets holding minute reagents and cells of interest by electric forces, has received more attention recently. Because of ease of fabrication, compactness and prospective automation, DMF has become a powerful approach for biological application. We review recent developments of various microfluidic chips for analysis of a single cell and for efficient genetic screening. In addition, perspectives to develop analysis of single cells based on DMF and emerging functionality with high throughput are discussed.
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Get to Understand More from Single-Cells: Current Studies of Microfluidic-Based Techniques for Single-Cell Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26213918 PMCID: PMC4581168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160816763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the microfluidic techniques developed for the analysis of a single cell. The characteristics of microfluidic (e.g., little sample amount required, high-throughput performance) make this tool suitable to answer and to solve biological questions of interest about a single cell. This review aims to introduce microfluidic related techniques for the isolation, trapping and manipulation of a single cell. The major approaches for detection in single-cell analysis are introduced; the applications of single-cell analysis are then summarized. The review concludes with discussions of the future directions and opportunities of microfluidic systems applied in analysis of a single cell.
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Sarkar S, Motwani V, Sabhachandani P, Cohen N, Konry T. T Cell Dynamic Activation and Functional Analysis in Nanoliter Droplet Microarray. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26613065 PMCID: PMC4657871 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective Characterization of the heterogeneity in immune reactions requires assessing dynamic single cell responses as well as interactions between the various immune cell subsets. Maturation and activation of effector cells is regulated by cell contact-dependent and soluble factor-mediated paracrine signalling. Currently there are few methods available that allow dynamic investigation of both processes simultaneously without physically constraining non-adherent cells and eliminating crosstalk from neighboring cell pairs. We describe here a microfluidic droplet microarray platform that permits rapid functional analysis of single cell responses and co-encapsulation of heterotypic cell pairs, thereby allowing us to evaluate the dynamic activation state of primary T cells. Methods The microfluidic droplet platform enables generation and docking of monodisperse nanoliter volume (0.523 nl) droplets, with the capacity of monitoring a thousand droplets per experiment. Single human T cells were encapsulated in droplets and stimulated on-chip with the calcium ionophore ionomycin. T cells were also co-encapsulated with dendritic cells activated by ovalbumin peptide, followed by dynamic calcium signal monitoring. Results Ionomycin-stimulated cells depicted fluctuation in calcium signalling compared to control. Both cell populations demonstrated marked heterogeneity in responses. Calcium signalling was observed in T cells immediately following contact with DCs, suggesting an early activation signal. T cells further showed non-contact mediated increase in calcium level, although this response was delayed compared to contact-mediated signals. Conclusions Our results suggest that this nanoliter droplet array-based microfluidic platform is a promising technique for assessment of heterogeneity in various types of cellular responses, detection of early/delayed signalling events and live cell phenotyping of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Vinny Motwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Pooja Sabhachandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Noa Cohen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
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38
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Ding H, Shao J, Ding Y, Liu W, Tian H, Li X. One-Dimensional Au-ZnO Heteronanostructures for Ultraviolet Light Detectors by a Two-Step Dielectrophoretic Assembly Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12713-12718. [PMID: 26009795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional ZnO decorated with metal nanoparticles has received much attention in the field of ultraviolet light detection because of its high photosensitivity and fast response, while how to form effective metal-ZnO heterostructures cost efficiently is still in development. We report an efficient and well-controlled method to form Au-ZnO heterostructures by two-step dielectrophoretic assembly. First, ZnO nanowires dispersed in deionized water were assembled dielectrophoretically in a planar microelectrode system. To control the number and position of assembled ZnO nanowires, a planar triangle-shaped microelectrode pair was imposed with a high-frequency ac voltage signal in this assembly process. Then a droplet of Au nanoparticle suspension was applied to decorate the preformed ZnO nanowire by another dielectrophoretic assembly process. The near-field dielectrophoretic force induced by the existence of ZnO nanowire spanning the electrode gap attracts Au nanoparticles onto the surface of ZnO nanowires and forms effective Au-ZnO heterostructures. After the adsorption of Au nanoparticles, the performances of Au-ZnO heteronanostructures in UV detection were studied. Experimental results indicate that the ratio of the photo-to-dark current of the Au-ZnO heteronanostucture-based detector was improved significantly, and the photoresponse was accelerated considerably. This kind of enhancement in performance can be attributed to the localized Schottky junctions on the surface of ZnO nanowire which improves the surface band bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ding
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yucheng Ding
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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39
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Xing X, Yobas L. Dielectrophoretic isolation of cells using 3D microelectrodes featuring castellated blocks. Analyst 2015; 140:3397-405. [PMID: 25857455 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present 3D microelectrodes featuring castellated blocks for dielectrophoretically isolating cells. These electrodes provide a more effective dielectrophoretic force field than thin-film surface electrodes and yet immobilize cells near stagnation points across a parabolic flow profile for enhanced cell viability and separation efficiency. Unlike known volumetric electrodes with linear profiles, the electrodes with structural variations introduced along their depth scale are versatile for constructing monolithic structures with readily integrated fluidic paths. This is exemplified here in the design of an interdigitated comb array wherein electrodes with castellated surfaces serve as building blocks and form digits with an array of fluidic pores. Activation of the design with low-voltage oscillations (±5 Vp, 400 kHz) is found adequate for retaining most viable cells (90.2% ± 3.5%) while removing nonviable cells (88.5% ± 5%) at an increased throughput (5 × 10(5) cells h(-1)). The electrodes, despite their intricate profile, are structured into single-crystal silicon through a self-aligned etching process without a precision layer-by-layer assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Xing
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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40
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He L, Kniss A, San-Miguel A, Rouse T, Kemp ML, Lu H. An automated programmable platform enabling multiplex dynamic stimuli delivery and cellular response monitoring for high-throughput suspension single-cell signaling studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1497-507. [PMID: 25609410 PMCID: PMC4362087 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling events are orchestrated by dynamic external biochemical cues. By rapidly perturbing cells with dynamic inputs and examining the output from these systems, one could study the structure and dynamic properties of a cellular signaling network. Conventional experimental techniques limit the implementation of these systematic approaches due to the lack of sophistication in manipulating individual cells and the fluid microenvironment around them; existing microfluidic technologies thus far are mainly targeting adherent cells. In this paper we present an automated platform to interrogate suspension cells with dynamic stimuli while simultaneously monitoring cellular responses in a high-throughput manner at single-cell resolution. We demonstrate the use of this platform in an experiment to measure Jurkat T cells in response to distinct dynamic patterns of stimuli; we find cells exhibit highly heterogeneous responses under each stimulation condition. More interestingly, these cells act as low-pass filters, only entrained to the low frequency stimulus signals. We also demonstrate that this platform can be easily programmed to actively generate arbitrary dynamic signals. We envision our platform to be useful in other contexts to study cellular signaling dynamics, which may be difficult using conventional experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luye He
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. NW , Atlanta , GA , USA 30332-0100 .
| | - Ariel Kniss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , 313 Ferst Dr. NW , Atlanta , GA , USA 30332-0535
| | - Adriana San-Miguel
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. NW , Atlanta , GA , USA 30332-0100 .
| | - Tel Rouse
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. NW , Atlanta , GA , USA 30332-0100 .
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , 313 Ferst Dr. NW , Atlanta , GA , USA 30332-0535
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr. NW , Atlanta , GA , USA 30332-0100 .
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41
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Anand RK, Johnson ES, Chiu DT. Negative dielectrophoretic capture and repulsion of single cells at a bipolar electrode: the impact of faradaic ion enrichment and depletion. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:776-83. [PMID: 25562315 DOI: 10.1021/ja5102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces generated by a bipolar electrode (BPE) in a microfluidic device and elucidates the impact of faradaic ion enrichment and depletion (FIE and FID) on electric field gradients. DEP technologies for manipulating biological cells provide several distinct advantages over other cell-handling techniques including label-free selectivity, inexpensive device components, and amenability to single-cell and array-based applications. However, extension to the array format is nontrivial, and DEP forces are notoriously short-range, limiting device dimensions and throughput. BPEs present an attractive option for DEP because of the ease with which they can be arrayed. Here, we present experimental results demonstrating both negative DEP (nDEP) attraction and repulsion of B-cells from each a BPE cathode and anode. The direction of nDEP force in each case was determined by whether the conditions for FIE or FID were chosen in the experimental design. We conclude that FIE and FID zones generated by BPEs can be exploited to shape and extend the electric field gradients that are responsible for DEP force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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42
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Ding H, Liu W, Ding Y, Shao J, Zhang L, Liu P, Liu H. Particle clustering during pearl chain formation in a conductive-island based dielectrophoretic assembly system. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle clustering during pearl chain formation in a conductive-island based dielectrophoretic assembly system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ding
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yucheng Ding
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Peichang Liu
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- Micro- and Nano-manufacturing Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
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43
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Lu Y, Liu T, Lamanda AC, Sin MLY, Gau V, Liao JC, Wong PK. AC Electrokinetics of Physiological Fluids for Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:611-20. [PMID: 25487557 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214560904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alternating current (AC) electrokinetics is a collection of processes for manipulating bulk fluid mass and embedded objects with AC electric fields. The ability of AC electrokinetics to implement the major microfluidic operations, such as pumping, mixing, concentration, and separation, makes it possible to develop integrated systems for clinical diagnostics in nontraditional health care settings. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents new challenges and opportunities for AC electrokinetics-based diagnostic systems. In this review, AC electrokinetic phenomena in conductive physiological fluids are described followed by a review of the basic microfluidic operations and the recent biomedical applications of AC electrokinetics. The future prospects of AC electrokinetics for clinical diagnostics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ariana C Lamanda
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mandy L Y Sin
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Chung J, Ingram PN, Bersano-Begey T, Yoon E. Traceable clonal culture and chemodrug assay of heterogeneous prostate carcinoma PC3 cells in microfluidic single cell array chips. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064103. [PMID: 25553180 PMCID: PMC4232586 DOI: 10.1063/1.4900823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity has received considerable attention for its role in tumor initiation and progression, and its implication for diagnostics and therapeutics in the clinic. To facilitate a cellular heterogeneity study in a low cost and highly efficient manner, we present a microfluidic platform that allows traceable clonal culture and characterization. The platform captures single cells into a microwell array and cultures them for clonal expansion, subsequently allowing on-chip characterization of clonal phenotype and response against drug treatments. Using a heterogeneous prostate cancer model, the PC3 cell line, we verified our prototype, identifying three different sub-phenotypes and correlating their clonal drug responsiveness to cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan , 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Patrick N Ingram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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45
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Fendyur A, Varma S, Lo CT, Voldman J. Cell-based biosensor to report DNA damage in micro- and nanosystems. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7598-605. [PMID: 25001406 PMCID: PMC4144749 DOI: 10.1021/ac501412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding how newly engineered
micro- and nanoscale materials
and systems that interact with cells impact cell physiology is crucial
for the development and ultimate adoption of such technologies. Reports
regarding the genotoxic impact of forces applied to cells in such
systems that can both directly or indirectly damage DNA emphasize
the need for developing facile methods to assess how materials and
technologies affect cell physiology. To address this need we have
developed a TurboRFP-based DNA damage reporter cell line in NIH-3T3
cells that fluoresce to report genotoxic stress caused by a wide variety
of agents, from chemical genotoxic agents to UV-C radiation. Our biosensor
was successfully implemented in reporting the genotoxic impact of
nanomaterials, demonstrating the ability to assess size dependent
geno- and cyto-toxicity. The biosensor cells can be assayed in a high
throughput, noninvasive manner, with no need for overly sophisticated
equipment or additional reagents. We believe that this open-source
biosensor is an important resource for the community of micro- and
nanomaterials and systems designers and users who wish to evaluate
the impact of systems and materials on cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fendyur
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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46
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Parameter screening in microfluidics based hydrodynamic single-cell trapping. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:929163. [PMID: 25013872 PMCID: PMC4070438 DOI: 10.1155/2014/929163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic cell-based arraying technology is widely used in the field of single-cell analysis. However, among developed devices, there is a compromise between cellular loading efficiencies and trapped cell densities, which deserves further analysis and optimization. To address this issue, the cell trapping efficiency of a microfluidic device with two parallel micro channels interconnected with cellular trapping sites was studied in this paper. By regulating channel inlet and outlet status, the microfluidic trapping structure can mimic key functioning units of previously reported devices. Numerical simulations were used to model this cellular trapping structure, quantifying the effects of channel on/off status and trapping structure geometries on the cellular trapping efficiency. Furthermore, the microfluidic device was fabricated based on conventional microfabrication and the cellular trapping efficiency was quantified in experiments. Experimental results showed that, besides geometry parameters, cellular travelling velocities and sizes also affected the single-cell trapping efficiency. By fine tuning parameters, more than 95% of trapping sites were taken by individual cells. This study may lay foundation in further studies of single-cell positioning in microfluidics and push forward the study of single-cell analysis.
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47
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Gwon HR, Chang ST, Choi CK, Jung JY, Kim JM, Lee SH. Development of a new contactless dielectrophoresis system for active particle manipulation using movable liquid electrodes. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2014-21. [PMID: 24737601 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a new DEP manipulation technique using a movable liquid electrode, which allows manipulation of particles by actively controlling the locations of electrodes and applying on-off electric input signals. This DEP system consists of mercury as a movable liquid electrode, indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass, SU-8-based microchannels for electrode passages, and a PDMS medium chamber. A simple squeezing method was introduced to build a thin PDMS layer at the bottom of the medium chamber to create a contactless DEP system. To determine the operating conditions, the DEP force and the friction force were analytically compared for a single cell. In addition, an appropriate frequency range for effective DEP manipulation was chosen based on an estimation of the Clausius-Mossotti factor and the effective complex permittivity of the yeast cell using the concentric shell model. With this system, we demonstrated the active manipulation of yeast cells, and measured the collection efficiency and the dielectrophoretic velocity of cells for different AC electric field strengths and applied frequencies. The experimental results showed that the maximum collection efficiency reached was approximately 90%, and the dielectrophoretic velocity increased with increasing frequency and attained the maximum value of 10.85 ± 0.95 μm/s at 100 kHz, above which it decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Rok Gwon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Luo J, Nelson EL, Li GP, Bachman M. Microfluidic dielectrophoretic sorter using gel vertical electrodes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:034105. [PMID: 24926390 PMCID: PMC4032422 DOI: 10.1063/1.4880244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and results of a two-step method for sorting cells and small particles in a microfluidic device. This approach uses a single microfluidic channel that has (1) a microfabricated sieve which efficiently focuses particles into a thin stream, followed by (2) a dielectrophoresis (DEP) section consisting of electrodes along the channel walls for efficient continuous sorting based on dielectric properties of the particles. For our demonstration, the device was constructed of polydimethylsiloxane, bonded to a glass surface, and conductive agarose gel electrodes. Gold traces were used to make electrical connections to the conductive gel. The device had several novel features that aided performance of the sorting. These included a sieving structure that performed continuous displacement of particles into a single stream within the microfluidic channel (improving the performance of downstream DEP, and avoiding the need for additional focusing flow inlets), and DEP electrodes that were the full height of the microfluidic walls ("vertical electrodes"), allowing for improved formation and control of electric field gradients in the microfluidic device. The device was used to sort polymer particles and HeLa cells, demonstrating that this unique combination provides improved capability for continuous DEP sorting of particles in a microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - G P Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Mark Bachman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA ; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Yue W, Zou H, Jin Q, Li CW, Xu T, Fu H, Tzang LC, Sun H, Zhao J, Yang M. Single layer linear array of microbeads for multiplexed analysis of DNA and proteins. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 54:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Hydrodynamic Cell Trapping for High Throughput Single-Cell Applications. MICROMACHINES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/mi4040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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