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Fitz V, Panzenboeck L, Schoeny H, Foels E, Koellensperger G. Isotope dilution with isotopically labeled biomass: An effective alternative for quantitative metabolomics. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1318:342909. [PMID: 39067910 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND State-of-the-art quantitative metabolomics relies on isotope dilution using internal standards (IS) derived from fully 13C labeled biomass. By spiking samples and external standards with known amounts of IS, the spike characterization demands are kept to a minimum. In fact, it is sufficient to experimentally assess the isotopic enrichment of the IS. This study develops the yeast derived IS toolbox further, (1) by characterizing the concentration levels of hydrophilic metabolites in a yeast fermentation batch and (2) by exploring the analytical figures of merit of one-point IS versus multipoint external calibration using IS, the established gold-standard for quantitative metabolomics. RESULTS Independent reverse isotope dilution experiments using different chromatographic methods over a period of several months, delivered a list of 83 13C-labeled metabolites with fully characterized concentration and their uncertainty, covering 5 orders of magnitude, from the nanomolar to the low millimolar range. The 13C-labeled yeast-derived IS showed excellent intermediate stability with 92 % of molecules showing inter-method RSDs ≤30 % (75 % of molecules showed RSDs ≤15 %) over a timeframe of five months. One-point internal standardization with the characterized labeled biomass achieved figures of merit equivalent to multipoint calibrations for the majority of metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed calibration workflow rationalizes time and standard expenditure and is particularly beneficial for laboratories dealing with wide-target assays and small analysis batches. The present assessment serves as a seminal study for further developments of the concept towards absolute quantification from archive high-resolution MS data of U13C-biomass-spiked samples and the implementation of quick biomass recalibration with each experiment, promising seamless transition between internal standards derived from different fermentation batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Fitz
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Waehringer Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Panzenboeck
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Waehringer Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Schoeny
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Foels
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Waehringer Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Chemistry Meets Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Visconti G, de Figueiredo M, Salamin O, Boccard J, Vuilleumier N, Nicoli R, Kuuranne T, Rudaz S. Straightforward quantification of endogenous steroids with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Comparing calibration approaches. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123778. [PMID: 37393882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Different calibration strategies are used in liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) bioanalysis. Currently, the surrogate matrix and surrogate analyte represent the most widely used approaches to compensate for the lack of analyte-free matrices in endogenous compounds quantification. In this context, there is a growing interest in rationalizing and simplifying quantitative analysis using a one-point concentration level of stable isotope-labeled (SIL) standards as surrogate calibrants. Accordingly, an internal calibration (IC) can be applied when the instrument response is translated into analyte concentration via the analyte-to-SIL ratio performed directly in the study sample. Since SILs are generally used as internal standards to normalize variability between authentic study sample matrix and surrogate matrix used for the calibration, IC can be calculated even if the calibration protocol was achieved for an external calibration (EC). In this study, a complete dataset of a published and fully validated method to quantify an extended steroid profile in serum was recomputed by adapting the role of SIL internal standards as surrogate calibrants. Using the validation samples, the quantitative performances for IC were comparable with the original method, showing acceptable trueness (79%-115%) and precision (0.8%-11.8%) for the 21 detected steroids. The IC methodology was then applied to human serum samples (n = 51) from healthy women and women diagnosed with mild hyperandrogenism, showing high agreement (R2 > 0.98) with the concentrations obtained using the conventional quantification based on EC. For IC, Passing-Bablok regression showed proportional biases between -15.0% and 11.3% for all quantified steroids, with an average difference of -5.8% compared to EC. These results highlight the reliability and the advantages of implementing IC in clinical laboratories routine to simplify quantification in LC-MS bioanalysis, especially when a large panel of analytes is monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Visconti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miguel de Figueiredo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Salamin
- Center of Research and Expertise in Anti-Doping Sciences - REDs, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raul Nicoli
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Cheng WL, Markus C, Lim CY, Tan RZ, Sethi SK, Loh TP. Calibration Practices in Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Review and Recommendations. Ann Lab Med 2023; 43:5-18. [PMID: 36045052 PMCID: PMC9467832 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.43.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calibration is a critical component for the reliability, accuracy, and precision of mass spectrometry measurements. Optimal practice in the construction, evaluation, and implementation of a new calibration curve is often underappreciated. This systematic review examined how calibration practices are applied to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurement procedures. Methods The electronic database PubMed was searched from the date of database inception to April 1, 2022. The search terms used were "calibration," "mass spectrometry," and "regression." Twenty-one articles were identified and included in this review, following evaluation of the titles, abstracts, full text, and reference lists of the search results. Results The use of matrix-matched calibrators and stable isotope-labeled internal standards helps to mitigate the impact of matrix effects. A higher number of calibration standards or replicate measurements improves the mapping of the detector response and hence the accuracy and precision of the regression model. Constructing a calibration curve with each analytical batch recharacterizes the instrument detector but does not reduce the actual variability. The analytical response and measurand concentrations should be considered when constructing a calibration curve, along with subsequent use of quality controls to confirm assay performance. It is important to assess the linearity of the calibration curve by using actual experimental data and appropriate statistics. The heteroscedasticity of the calibration data should be investigated, and appropriate weighting should be applied during regression modeling. Conclusions This review provides an outline and guidance for optimal calibration practices in clinical mass spectrometry laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ling Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Corey Markus
- Flinders University International Centre for Point-of-Care Testing, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun Yee Lim
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Zhen Tan
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Wang X, Li X, Liu X, Zhao X, Li X, Zhang Q, Xiong Y. Accurate determination of vitamin B12 in infant formula by liquid chromatography/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Vargas E, Aiello EM, Ben Hassine A, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Pinsker JE, Church MM, Laffel LM, Doyle FJ, Patti ME, Dassau E, Wang J. Concept of the "Universal Slope": Toward Substantially Shorter Decentralized Insulin Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9217-9225. [PMID: 35715001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decentralized sensing of analytes in remote locations is today a reality. However, the number of measurable analytes remains limited, mainly due to the requirement for time-consuming successive standard additions calibration used to address matrix effects and resulting in greatly delayed results, along with more complex and costly operation. This is particularly challenging in commonly used immunoassays of key biomarkers that typically require from 60 to 90 min for quantitation based on two standard additions, hence hindering their implementation for rapid and routine diagnostic applications, such as decentralized point-of-care (POC) insulin testing. In this work we have developed and demonstrated the theoretical framework for establishing a universal slope for direct calibration-free POC insulin immunoassays in serum samples using an electrochemical biosensor (developed originally for extended calibration by standard additions). The universal slope is presented as an averaged slope constant, relying on 68 standard additions-based insulin determinations in human sera. This new quantitative analysis approach offers reliable sample measurement without successive standard additions, leading to a dramatically simplified and faster assay (30 min vs 90 min when using 2 standard additions) and greatly reduced costs, without compromising the analytical performance while significantly reducing the analyses costs. The substantial improvements associated with the new universal slope concept have been demonstrated successfully for calibration-free measurements of serum insulin in 30 samples from individuals with type 1 diabetes using meticulous statistical analysis, supporting the prospects of applying this immunoassay protocol to routine decentralized POC insulin testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vargas
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Eleonora M Aiello
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93105, United States
| | - Amira Ben Hassine
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Jordan E Pinsker
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93105, United States
| | - Mei Mei Church
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93105, United States
| | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93105, United States
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Eyal Dassau
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States.,Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93105, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Aiello EM, Pinsker JE, Vargas E, Teymourian H, Tehrani F, Church MM, Laffel LM, Doyle FJ, Patti ME, Wang J, Dassau E. Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Insulin Immunosensor. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022:19322968221074406. [PMID: 35118893 PMCID: PMC10347985 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221074406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estimation of available active insulin remains a limitation of automated insulin delivery systems. Currently, insulin pumps calculate active insulin using mathematical decay curves, while quantitative measurements of insulin would explicitly provide person-specific PK insulin dynamics to assess remaining active insulin more accurately, permitting more effective glucose control. METHODS We performed the first clinical evaluation of an insulin immunosensor chip, providing near real-time measurements of insulin levels. In this study, we sought to determine the accuracy of the novel insulin sensor and assess its therapeutic risk and benefit by presenting a new tool developed to indicate the potential therapeutic consequences arising from inaccurate insulin measurements. RESULTS Nine adult participants with type-1 diabetes completed the study. The change from baseline in immunosensor-measured insulin levels was compared with values obtained by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) after preprandial injection of insulin. The point-of-care quantification of insulin levels revealed similar temporal trends as those from the laboratory insulin ELISA. The results showed that 70% of the paired immunosensor-reference values were concordant, which suggests that the patient could take action safely based on insulin concentration obtained by the novel sensor. CONCLUSIONS This proposed technology and preliminary feasibility evaluation show encouraging results for near real-time evaluation of insulin levels, with the potential to improve diabetes management. Real-time measurements of insulin provide person-specific insulin dynamics that could be used to make more informed decisions regarding insulin dosing, thus helping to prevent hypoglycemia and improve diabetes outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora M Aiello
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Eva Vargas
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farshad Tehrani
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mei Mei Church
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eyal Dassau
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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7
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Yu X, Niu W, Wang YY, Olaleye OE, Wang JN, Duan MY, Yang JL, He RR, Chu ZX, Dong K, Zhang GP, Liu CX, Cheng C, Li C. Novel assays for quality evaluation of XueBiJing: Quality variability of a Chinese herbal injection for sepsis management. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:664-682. [PMID: 36105162 PMCID: PMC9463487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
XueBiJing is an intravenous five-herb injection used to treat sepsis in China. The study aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)- or liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV)-based assay for quality evaluation of XueBiJing. Assay development involved identifying marker constituents to make the assay therapeutically relevant and building a reliable one-point calibrator for monitoring the various analytes in parallel. Nine marker constituents from the five herbs were selected based on XueBiJing's chemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. A selectivity test (for “similarity of response”) was developed to identify and minimize interference by non-target constituents. Then, an intercept test was developed to fulfill “linearity through zero” for each analyte (absolute ratio of intercept to C response, <2%). Using the newly developed assays, we analyzed samples from 33 batches of XueBiJing, manufactured over three years, and found small batch-to-batch variability in contents of the marker constituents (4.1%–14.8%), except for senkyunolide I (26.5%). To make assays therapeutically relevant, criteria were proposed for defining herbal medicine efficacy & selecting analytes. Two tests were developed to build a one-point assay calibrator for the simultaneous monitoring of various analytes. Variability among 3-year batches of XueBiJing was evaluated for the first time using the therapeutically relevant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ya-Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Olajide E. Olaleye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Research Institute, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Research Institute, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Chang-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality-Marker of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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8
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Yazdanpanah M, Yuan L. A highly accurate mass spectrometry method for the quantification of phenylalanine and tyrosine on dried blood spots: Combination of liquid chromatography, phenylalanine/tyrosine-free blood calibrators and multi-point/dynamic calibration. Clin Biochem 2021; 101:35-41. [PMID: 34896097 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of quantitative levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine in blood is an essential test for the diagnosis of and monitoring genetic disorders associated with phenylalanine metabolism, such as phenylketonuria (PKU), tyrosinemia, and defects of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and recycling. We developed a highly accurate and fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of phenylalanine and tyrosine on dried blood spot (DBS). We also designed a performance score system to evaluate various calibration methods in matrix matched material. METHODS Phenylalanine/tyrosine-free whole blood was used to make accurate and stable DBS calibrators. Six calibrators cover the range of 0-1000 µmol/L. Underivatized phenylalanine and tyrosine were extracted and measured by LC-MS/MS. Precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, recovery and carryover were validated. External quality assurance materials were also used to evaluate performance of multi-point calibrations and single-point calibrations. RESULTS The run time was 4.5-minute. Accuracy analysis showed good agreement with reference materials. Precision, recovery, and the lower and upper limit of quantification met the criteria. When phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations were less than 150 µmol/L, the 5-point calibration without the calibrator of 1000 µmol/L had the best performance. When the concentrations were > 250 µmol/L, the single-point calibration of 500 µmol/L had the best performance. CONCLUSION We developed a simple, fast and highly accurate method for the detection of phenylalanine and tyrosine on DBS, with chromatographic separation and underivatized analysis. Based on the calibration performance, a 6-point calibration method is satisfying for this test. An optional dynamic calibration method, which includes 6-point calibration, 5-point calibration and single-point calibration, can further increase test reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Yazdanpanah
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Libin Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Maus AD, Kemp JV, Hoffmann TJ, Ramsay SL, Grebe SKG. Isotopic Distribution Calibration for Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12532-12540. [PMID: 34490782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used in science and industry. It allows accurate, specific, sensitive, and reproducible detection and quantification of a huge range of analytes. Across MS applications, quantification by MS has grown most dramatically, with >50 million experiments/year in the USA alone. However, quantification performance varies between instruments, compounds, different samples, and within- and across runs, necessitating normalization with analyte-similar internal standards (IS) and use of IS-corrected multipoint external calibration curves for each analyte, a complicated and resource-intensive approach, which is particularly ill-suited for multi-analyte measurements. We have developed an internal calibration method that utilizes the natural isotope distribution of an IS for a given analyte to provide internal multipoint calibration. Multiple isotope distribution calibrators for different targets in the same sample facilitate multiplex quantification, while the emerging random-access automated MS platforms should also greatly benefit from this approach. Finally, isotope distribution calibration allows mathematical correction for suboptimal experimental conditions. This might also enable quantification of hitherto difficult, or impossible to quantify, targets, if the distribution is adjusted in silico to mimic the analyte. The approach works well for high resolution, accurate mass MS for analytes with at least a modest-sized isotopic envelope. As shown herein, the approach can also be applied to lower molecular weight analytes, but the reduction in calibration points does reduce quantification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Maus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Divisions of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Jennifer V Kemp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Divisions of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Todd J Hoffmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Divisions of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Steven L Ramsay
- Laboratory Services, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan K G Grebe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Divisions of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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10
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Sloop JT, Allen SC, Carter JA, Donati GL, Jones BT. Matrix-matched two-point calibration based on the standard dilution analysis method. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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van Nuland M, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Bioanalytical LC-MS/MS validation of therapeutic drug monitoring assays in oncology. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4623. [PMID: 31215049 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has shown to benefit patients treated with drugs of many drug classes, among which is oncology. With an increasing demand for drug monitoring, new assays have to be developed and validated. Guidelines for bioanalytical validation issued by the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration are applicable for clinical trials and toxicokinetic studies and demand fully validated bioanalytical methods to yield reliable results. However, for TDM assays a limited validation approach is suggested based on the intended use of these methods. This review presents an overview of publications that describe method validation of assays specifically designed for TDM. In addition to evaluating current practice, we provide recommendations that could serve as a guide for future validations of TDM assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van Nuland
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Gu H, Zhao Y, DeMichele M, Zheng N, Zhang YJ, Pillutla R, Zeng J. Eliminating Preparation of Multisample External Calibration Curves and Dilution of Study Samples Using the Multiple Isotopologue Reaction Monitoring (MIRM) Technique in Quantitative LC-MS/MS Bioanalysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8652-8659. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Gu
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yue Zhao
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Marissa DeMichele
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Naiyu Zheng
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yan J. Zhang
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Renuka Pillutla
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jianing Zeng
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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13
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The development of simple flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometric methods for the cutaneous determination of peptide-modified cationic gemini surfactants used as gene delivery vectors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:536-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Khamis MM, Klemm N, Adamko DJ, El-Aneed A. Comparison of accuracy and precision between multipoint calibration, single point calibration, and relative quantification for targeted metabolomic analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5899-5913. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Asante I, Pei H, Zhou E, Liu S, Chui D, Yoo E, Louie SG. Simultaneous quantitation of folates, flavins and B 6 metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS/MS assay: Applications in colorectal cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:66-73. [PMID: 29860180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method using electrospray ionization and high- performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was developed to quantify the vitamin B metabolites found in the folate one-carbon metabolism, using 50 μL of human plasma. Analytes in plasma were extracted using protein precipitation after being stabilized in 1% ascorbic acid. The analytes were separated using a Kinetex 2.6 μm Pentafluorophenyl (2.1 × 30 mm) column utilizing a gradient mobile phase system of 0.1% formic acid in water and 100% acetonitrile in a 13.2 min run. The MS detector run using a positive multiple reaction monitoring with parameters optimized for each analyte's ion pair. The assay was selective and linear for all analytes at defined dynamic ranges. The recoveries were generally above 80% except for the folate metabolites whose recoveries dipped possibly due to the drying process. The inter-day precision (%coefficient of variation) and accuracy (%calculated concentration of the nominal concentrations) for six replicates of all quality control samples were ≤14% and within 12.2%, respectively. The lower limit of quantification ranged from 0.2 to 3.9 nM. No significant instability was observed after repeated freezing and thawing or in processed samples. The LC-MS/MS assay was found applicable for sensitive, accurate and precise quantitation of vitamin B metabolites in plasma of healthy volunteers and colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Asante
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Hua Pei
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eugene Zhou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Siyu Liu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Darryl Chui
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Stan G Louie
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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16
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Arfsten DP, Roman Perez E, Goebel NC. Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty in Quantitation of Benzoylecgonine (BZE) and 11-nor-Δ9-THC-9-carboxylic acid (THCA). J Anal Toxicol 2018; 42:141-148. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erick Roman Perez
- United States Naval Academy, Chemistry Department, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Neal C Goebel
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Division of Forensic Toxicology, 115 Purple Heart Drive Dover AFB, DE 19902, USA
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17
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Wulff JE, Mitchell MW. A Comparison of Various Normalization Methods for LC/MS Metabolomics Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2018.98022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Elmiger MP, Poetzsch M, Steuer AE, Kraemer T. Assessment of simpler calibration models in the development and validation of a fast postmortem multi-analyte LC-QTOF quantitation method in whole blood with simultaneous screening capabilities using SWATH acquisition. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6495-6508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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20
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Rule GS, Rockwood AL. Improving quantitative precision and throughput by reducing calibrator use in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 919:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Fabregat-Cabello N, Zomer P, Sancho J, Roig-Navarro A, Mol H. Comparison of approaches to deal with matrix effects in LC-MS/MS based determinations of mycotoxins in food and feed. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study deals with one of the major concerns in mycotoxin determinations: the matrix effect related to LC-MS/ MS systems with electrospray ionization sources. To this end, in a first approach, the matrix effect has been evaluated in two ways: monitoring the signal of a compound (added to the mobile phase) during the entire chromatographic run, and by classical post-extraction addition. The study was focused on nine selected mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and zearalenone in various sample extracts giving moderate to strong matrix effects (maize, compound feed, straw, spices). Although the permanent monitoring of a compound provided a qualitative way of evaluating the matrix effects at each retention time, we concluded that it was not adequate as a quantitative approach to correct for the matrix effect. Matrix effects measured by post-extraction addition showed that the strongest ion suppression occurred for the spices (up to -89%). Five different calibration approaches to compensate for matrix effects were compared: multi-level external calibration using isotopically labelled internal standards, multi-level and single level standard addition, and two ways of single-point internal calibration: one point isotopic internal calibration and isotope pattern deconvolution. In general, recoveries and precision meeting the European Union requirements could be achieved with all approaches, with the exception of the single level standard addition at levels too close to the concentration in the sample. When an isotopically labelled internal standard is not available, single-level standard addition is the most efficient option.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Fabregat-Cabello
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - P. Zomer
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J.V. Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - A.F. Roig-Navarro
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - H.G.J. Mol
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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22
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Berg T, Kaur L, Risnes A, Havig SM, Karinen R. Determination of a selection of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in urine by UHPSFC-MS/MS and by UHPLC-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:708-22. [PMID: 26304456 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two different analytical techniques, ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS/MS) and reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), were used for the determination of two synthetic cannabinoids and eleven metabolites in urine; AM-2201 N-4-OH-pentyl, AM-2233, JWH-018 N-5-OH-pentyl, JWH-018 N-pentanoic acid, JWH-073 N-4-OH-butyl, JWH-073 N-butanoic acid, JWH-122 N-5-OH-pentyl, MAM-2201, MAM-2201 N-4-OH-pentyl, RCS-4 N-5-OH-pentyl, UR-144 degradant N-pentanoic acid, UR-144 N-4-OH-pentyl, and UR-144 N-pentanoic acid. Sample preparation included a liquid-liquid extraction after deconjugation with ß-glucuronidase. The UHPSFC-MS/MS method used an Acquity UPC(2 TM) BEH column with a mobile phase consisting of CO2 and 0.3% ammonia in methanol, while the UHPLC-MS/MS method used an Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium formate (pH 10.2) and methanol. MS/MS detection was performed with positive electrospray ionization and two multiple reaction monitoring transitions. Deuterated internal standards were used for six of the compounds. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.04 and 0.4 µg/L. Between-day relative standard deviations at concentrations ≥ LOQ were ≤20%, with biases within ±19%. Recoveries ranged from 40 to 90%. Corrected matrix effects were within 100 ± 10%, except for MAM-2201 with UHPSFC-MS/MS, and for UR-144 N-pentanoic acid and MAM-2201 N-4-OH-pentyl with UHPLC-MS/MS. Elution order obtained by UHPSFC-MS/MS was almost opposite to that obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS, making this instrument setup an interesting combination for screening and confirmation analyses in forensic cases. The UHPLC-MS/MS method has, since August 2014, been successfully used for confirmation of synthetic cannabinoids in urine samples revealing a positive immunoassay screening result. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lakhwinder Kaur
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Risnes
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Marie Havig
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ritva Karinen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Sciences, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Pannee J, Gobom J, Shaw LM, Korecka M, Chambers EE, Lame M, Jenkins R, Mylott W, Carrillo MC, Zegers I, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Portelius E. Round robin test on quantification of amyloid-β 1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid by mass spectrometry. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [PMID: 26206625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) is an important biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, both in diagnostics and to monitor disease-modifying therapies. However, there is a great need for standardization of methods used for quantification. To overcome problems associated with immunoassays, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as a critical orthogonal alternative. METHODS We compared results for CSF Aβ42 quantification in a round robin study performed in four laboratories using similar sample preparation methods and LC-MS instrumentation. RESULTS The LC-MS results showed excellent correlation between laboratories (r(2) >0.98), high analytical precision, and good correlation with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (r(2) >0.85). The use of a common reference sample further decreased interlaboratory variation. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that LC-MS is suitable for absolute quantification of Aβ42 in CSF and highlight the importance of developing a certified reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Mary Lame
- Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA
| | - Rand Jenkins
- Chromatographic Sciences Department, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - William Mylott
- Chromatographic Sciences Department, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations Division, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingrid Zegers
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Geel, Belgium
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
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24
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Some unnecessary or inadequate common practices in regulated LC–MS bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2751-65. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global bioanalytical community increasingly craves scientifically sound practices and guidance where the rationale is given for each requirement. To this end, it is critical to first evaluate all the existing practices and requirements based on scientific findings and critical thinking. Here we are challenging several important common practices in regulated LC–MS bioanalysis, from the requirement of at least six different calibration concentrations, no extrapolation, use of blank and zero standard in each batch, selection of quality controls, to the way matrix effect and dilution integrity are being validated. Both the reasons why these common practices are unnecessary or inadequate and the potential solutions are presented.
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25
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Schwope DM, DePriest A, Black DL, Caplan YH, Cone EJ, Heltsley R. Determining Zolpidem Compliance: Urinary Metabolite Detection and Prevalence in Chronic Pain Patients. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:513-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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26
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Meija J, Pagliano E, Mester Z. Coordinate Swapping in Standard Addition Graphs for Analytical Chemistry: A Simplified Path for Uncertainty Calculation in Linear and Nonlinear Plots. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8563-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5014749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juris Meija
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal
Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal
Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal
Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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27
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Tan A, Awaiye K, Trabelsi F. Impact of calibrator concentrations and their distribution on accuracy of quadratic regression for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry bioanalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 815:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Nakov N, Tonic-Ribarska J, Dimitrovska A, Petkovska R. Statistical approach for selection of regression model during validation of bioanalytical method. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2014. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of an adequate regression model is the basis for obtaining accurate and reproducible results during the bionalytical method validation. Given the wide concentration range, frequently present in bioanalytical assays, heteroscedasticity of the data may be expected. Several weighted linear and quadratic regression models were evaluated during the selection of the adequate curve fit using nonparametric statistical tests: One sample rank test and Wilcoxon signed rank test for two independent groups of samples. The results obtained with One sample rank test could not give statistical justification for the selection of linear vs. quadratic regression models because slight
differences between the error (presented through the relative residuals) were obtained. Estimation of the significance of the differences in the RR was achieved using Wilcoxon signed rank test, where linear and quadratic regression models were treated as two independent groups. The application of this simple non-parametric statistical test provides statistical confirmation of the choice of an adequate regression model.
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29
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Couchman L, Belsey SL, Handley SA, Flanagan RJ. A novel approach to quantitative LC-MS/MS: therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine and norclozapine using isotopic internal calibration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:9455-66. [PMID: 24091736 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) requires timely results in order to be clinically helpful. Such assays, when carried out using mass spectrometry-based methods, typically involve a batched sample approach with multipoint calibration. Isotopic internal calibration offers the possibility of open-access mass spectrometric analysis with consequent shortening of turnaround times. We measured plasma clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine) concentrations in (1) external quality assessment (EQA) samples (N = 22) and (2) patient samples (N = 100) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotopic internal calibration (ICAL-LC-MS/MS). Analyte concentrations were calculated from graphs of the response of three internal calibrators (clozapine-D4, norclozapine-D8, and clozapine-D8) against concentration. Precision (% RSD) and accuracy (% nominal concentrations) for the ICAL-LC-MS/MS method were <5 % and 104-112 %, respectively for both analytes. There was excellent agreement with consensus mean and with 'spiked' values on analysis of the EQA samples (R (2) = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively, inclusive of clozapine and norclozapine results). In the patient samples, comparison against traditionally calibrated HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS methods showed excellent agreement (R (2) = 0.97 or better) with small albeit significant mean differences (<0.041 and <0.042 mg/L for clozapine and norclozapine, respectively). These differences probably reflect discrepancies in the in-house preparation of calibrators and/or interference in the UV method. Internal calibration offers a novel and attractive alternative to traditionally calibrated batch analysis in analytical toxicology. The method described has been validated for use in the high-throughput TDM of clozapine and norclozapine, and allows for (1) same-day reporting of results and (2) significant cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Couchman
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK,
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30
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Musuku A, Tan A, Awaiye K, Trabelsi F. Comparison of two-concentration with multi-concentration linear regressions: Retrospective data analysis of multiple regulated LC–MS bioanalytical projects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 934:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Maurer CK, Steinbach A, Hartmann RW. Development and validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS procedure for quantification of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal in bacterial culture after acetylation for characterization of new quorum sensing inhibitors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:127-34. [PMID: 24001903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of antibiotic resistance requires novel therapeutic strategies. One approach is to selectively attenuate bacterial pathogenicity by interfering with bacterial cell-to-cell communication known as quorum sensing. The PQS quorum sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs as signal molecule the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS; 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-quinolone), a key contributor to virulence and biofilm formation. Thus, interference with PQS production is considered as promising approach for the development of novel anti-infectives. Therefore, in this study, we developed and validated an ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric approach for reliable quantification of PQS in P. aeruginosa cultures for activity determination of new quorum sensing inhibitors. The poor chromatographic properties of PQS reported by others could be overcome by fast microwave-assisted acetylation. The validation procedure including matrix effects, recovery, process efficiency, selectivity, carry-over, accuracy and precision, stability of the processed sample, and limit of quantification demonstrated that the method fulfilled all requirements of common validation guidelines. Its applicability was successfully proven in routine testing. In addition, two-point calibration was shown to be applicable for fast and reliable PQS quantification saving time and resources. In summary, the described method provides a powerful tool for the discovery of new quorum sensing inhibitors as potential anti-infectives and illustrated the usefulness of chemical derivatization, acetylation, in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine K Maurer
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Purohit AA, Johansen JA, Hansen H, Leiros HKS, Kashulin A, Karlsen C, Smalås A, Haugen P, Willassen NP. Presence of acyl-homoserine lactones in 57 members of the Vibrionaceae family. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:835-47. [PMID: 23725044 PMCID: PMC3910146 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to use a sensitive method to screen and quantify 57 Vibrionaceae strains for the production of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and map the resulting AHL profiles onto a host phylogeny. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) protocol to measure AHLs in spent media after bacterial growth. First, the presence/absence of AHLs (qualitative analysis) was measured to choose internal standard for subsequent quantitative AHL measurements. We screened 57 strains from three genera (Aliivibrio, Photobacterium and Vibrio) of the same family (i.e. Vibrionaceae). Our results show that about half of the isolates produced multiple AHLs, typically at 25-5000 nmol l(-1) . CONCLUSIONS This work shows that production of AHL quorum sensing signals is found widespread among Vibrionaceae bacteria and that closely related strains typically produce similar AHL profiles. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The AHL detection protocol presented in this study can be applied to a broad range of bacterial samples and may contribute to a wider mapping of AHL production in bacteria, for example, in clinically relevant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Purohit
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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33
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Rozet E, Ziemons E, Marini R, Hubert P. Usefulness of Information Criteria for the Selection of Calibration Curves. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6327-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Rozet
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E. Ziemons
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R.D. Marini
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ph. Hubert
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), CHU, B 36,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Tan A, Awaiye K, Jose B, Joshi P, Trabelsi F. Comparison of different linear calibration approaches for LC–MS bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 911:192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ma YC, Wang CW, Hung SH, Chang YZ, Liu CR, Her GR. Estimation of the Measurement Uncertainty in Quantitative Determination of Ketamine and Norketamine in Urine Using a One-Point Calibration Method. J Anal Toxicol 2012; 36:515-22. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bks062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fornal E, Stachniuk A. Application of a truly one-point calibration for pesticide residue control by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 901:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nilsson LB, Skansen P. Investigation of absolute and relative response for three different liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry systems; the impact of ionization and detection saturation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1399-1406. [PMID: 22592983 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The investigations in this article were triggered by two observations in the laboratory; for some liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) systems it was possible to obtain linear calibration curves for extreme concentration ranges and for some systems seemingly linear calibration curves gave good accuracy at low concentrations only when using a quadratic regression function. METHODS The absolute and relative responses were tested for three different LC/MS/MS systems by injecting solutions of a model compound and a stable isotope labeled internal standard. The analyte concentration range for the solutions was 0.00391 to 500 μM (128,000×), giving overload of the chromatographic column at the highest concentrations. The stable isotope labeled internal standard concentration was 0.667 μM in all samples. RESULTS The absolute response per concentration unit decreased rapidly as higher concentrations were injected. The relative response, the ratio for the analyte peak area to the internal standard peak area, per concentration unit was calculated. For system 1, the ionization process was found to limit the response and the relative response per concentration unit was constant. For systems 2 and 3, the ion detection process was the limiting factor resulting in decreasing relative response at increasing concentrations. CONCLUSIONS For systems behaving like system 1, simple linear regression can be used for any concentration range while, for systems behaving like systems 2 and 3, non-linear regression is recommended for all concentration ranges. Another consequence is that the ionization capacity limited systems will be insensitive to matrix ion suppression when an ideal internal standard is used while the detection capacity limited systems are at risk of giving erroneous results at high concentrations if the matrix ion suppression varies for different samples in a run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B Nilsson
- Global DMPK, Regulatory Bioanalysis, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Nielsen MKK, Johansen SS. Simultaneous Determination of 25 Common Pharmaceuticals in Whole Blood Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2012; 36:497-506. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bks054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Trace analysis of fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine. Part II: Enantioselective quantification and studies of matrix effects in raw and treated wastewater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1227:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Diawara HZ, Gbaguidi F, Evrard B, Leclercq JQ, Moudachirou M, Debrus B, Hubert P, Rozet E. Validation, transfer and measurement uncertainty estimation of an HPLC–UV method for the quantification of artemisinin in hydro alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rozet E, Marini R, Ziemons E, Boulanger B, Hubert P. Advances in validation, risk and uncertainty assessment of bioanalytical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:848-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Full validation and application of an ultra high performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric procedure for target screening and quantification of 34 antidepressants in human blood plasma as part of a comprehensive multi-analyte approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2093-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bjørk MK, Nielsen MKK, Markussen LØ, Klinke HB, Linnet K. Determination of 19 drugs of abuse and metabolites in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:2393-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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