1
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Rojas D, Torricelli D, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. 3D-Printed Transducers for Solid Contact Potentiometric Ion Sensors: Improving Reproducibility by Fabrication Automation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:15572-15580. [PMID: 39303277 PMCID: PMC11447669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology has become attractive in the development of electrochemical sensors as it offers automation in fabrication, customization on-demand, and reproducibility, among other features. Nonetheless, to date, solid contact potentiometric ion sensors have remained overlooked using this technology. Thus, the novelty of this work relies on demonstrating for the first time the usefulness of the multimaterial 3D printing approach to manufacture potentiometric ion-selective electrodes. The significance is indeed twofold. First, we discovered that by using the polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETg) and polylactic acid-carbon black (PLA-CB) filaments together with a rational electrode design containing a well to accommodate the ion-selective membrane, a tight seal among all of the sensing materials is obtained. Importantly, this has mainly impacted the electrode-to-electrode reproducibility (ERSD0 ± 3 mV). Second, 75 ready-to-use electrodes can be printed in less than 3.5 h in a completely automated manner at a cost of ∼0.32 €/sensor. This feature may positively impact the suitability of further scaled-up production as well as the possibility of application in low-resource contexts. Overall, the presented outcomes are expected to encourage certain research directions to adopt using multimaterial 3D-printing approaches for producing highly reproducible solid contact potentiometric ion-selective electrodes, but are not restricted to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas
- UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Dario Torricelli
- UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Cuartero
- UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gastón A Crespo
- UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, Avda. Andres Hernandez Ros 1, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Lenar N, Drużyńska M, Piech R, Paczosa-Bator B. Ion-Selective Electrode for Nitrates Based on a Black PCV Membrane. Molecules 2024; 29:3473. [PMID: 39124878 PMCID: PMC11314076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials were introduced into this research as modifiers for polymeric membranes for single-piece electrodes, and their properties were studied for the case of nitrate-selective sensors. The use of graphene, carbon black and carbon nanotubes is shown to significantly improve the potentiometric response, while no redox response was observed. The use of carbon nanomaterials results in a near-Nernstian response (54 mV/pNO3-) towards nitrate ions over a wide linear range (from 10-1 to 10-6 M NO3-). The results obtained by chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal little resistance, and the capacitance parameter is as high as 0.9 mF (for graphene-based sensor). The high electrical capacity of electrodes results in the good stability of the potentiometric response and a low potential drift (0.065 mV/h). Introducing carbon nanomaterials into the polymetric membrane, instead of using them as separate layers, allows for the simplification of the sensors' preparation procedure. With single-piece electrodes, one step of the procedure could be omitted, in comparison to the procedure for the preparation of solid-contact electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.); (M.D.); (R.P.)
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3
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Huang Y, Zhong S, Gan L, Chen Y. Development of Machine Learning Models for Ion-Selective Electrode Cation Sensor Design. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2024; 4:1702-1711. [PMID: 39021402 PMCID: PMC11250033 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane-based ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors are common tools for water assessments, but their development relies on time-consuming and costly experimental investigations. To address this challenge, this study combines machine learning (ML), Morgan fingerprint, and Bayesian optimization technologies with experimental results to develop high-performance PVC-based ISE cation sensors. By using 1745 data sets collected from 20 years of literature, appropriate ML models are trained to enable accurate prediction and a deep understanding of the relationship between ISE components and sensor performance (R 2 = 0.75). Rapid ionophore screening is achieved using the Morgan fingerprint based on atomic groups derived from ML model interpretation. Bayesian optimization is then applied to identify optimal combinations of ISE materials with the potential to deliver desirable ISE sensor performance. Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ sensors fabricated from Bayesian optimization results exhibit excellent Nernst slopes with less than 8.2% deviation from the ideal value and superb detection limits at 10-7 M level based on experimental validation results. This approach can potentially transform sensor development into a more time-efficient, cost-effective, and rational design process, guided by ML-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Huang
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shifa Zhong
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department
of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lan Gan
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Mirabootalebi SO, Liu Y. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes. Analyst 2024; 149:3694-3710. [PMID: 38885067 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) are advanced potentiometric sensors with great capability to detect a wide range of ions for the monitoring of industrial processes and environmental pollutants, as well as the determination of electrolytes for clinical analysis. Over the past decades, the innovative design of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), specifically SC-ISEs, to improve potential stability and miniaturization for in situ/real-time analysis, has attracted considerable interest. Recently, the utilisation of nanomaterials was particularly prominent in SC-ISEs due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this article, we review the recent applications of various types of nanostructured materials that are composed of carbon, metals and polymers for the development of SC-ISEs. The challenges and opportunities in this field, along with the prospects for future applications of nanomaterials in SC-ISEs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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5
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Hassan SSM, Fathy MA. Novel paper-based potentiometric combined sensors using coumarin derivatives modified with vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles for the selective determination of trace levels of lead ions. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:427. [PMID: 38935135 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Novel miniaturized Pb(II) paper-based potentiometric sensors are described using coumarin derivatives I and II as electroactive ionophores and nano vanadium pentoxide as a solid contact material for the sensitive and selective monitoring of trace lead ions. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms optimum geometries, electronic properties, and charge transfer behaviors of 1:2 Pb(II): coumarin complexes. The sensors are prepared by using two strips of 20 × 5 mm filter paper with two circular orifices. One orifice is coated with vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles in colloidal conductive carbon as a solid-contact, covered by a PVC membrane containing coumarin ionophore to act as a sensing probe. The other orifice is treated with Ag/AgCl in a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, to act as a reference electrode. Sensors with ionophores (I) and (II) exhibit Nernstian slopes of 27.7 ± 0.2 and 30.2 ± 0.2 mV/decade over the linear concentration range 4.5 × 10-7 to 6.2 × 10-3 M and 8.5 × 10-8 to 6.2 × 10-3 M, with detection limits of 1.3 × 10-7 M (26.9 ppb) and 2.1 × 10-8 M (4.4 ppb), respectively. The sensors are satisfactorily used for accurate determination of lead ions in drinking water, lead-acid battery wastewater, and electronic waste leachates. The results compare favourably well with data obtained by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S M Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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6
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Liu ZH, Cai X, Dai HH, Zhao YH, Gao ZW, Yang YF, Liu YZ, Yang M, Li MQ, Li PH, Huang XJ. Highly Stable Solid Contact Calcium Ion-Selective Electrodes: Rapid Ion-Electron Transduction Triggered by Lipophilic Anions Participating in Redox Reactions of Cu nS Nanoflowers. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9069-9077. [PMID: 38749062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Solid contact (SC) calcium ion-selective electrodes (Ca2+-ISEs) have been widely applied in the analysis of water quality and body fluids by virtue of the unique advantages of easy operation and rapid response. However, the potential drift during the long-term stability test hinders their further practical applications. Designing novel redox SC layers with large capacitance and high hydrophobicity is a promising approach to stabilize the potential stability, meanwhile, exploring the transduction mechanism is also of great guiding significance for the precise design of SC layer materials. Herein, flower-like copper sulfide (CunS-50) composed of nanosheets is meticulously designed as the redox SC layer by modification with the surfactant (CTAB). The CunS-50-based Ca2+-ISE (CunS-50/Ca2+-ISE) demonstrates a near-Nernstian slope of 28.23 mV/dec for Ca2+ in a wide activity linear range of 10-7 to 10-1 M, with a low detection limit of 3.16 × 10-8 M. CunS-50/Ca2+-ISE possesses an extremely low potential drift of only 1.23 ± 0.13 μV/h in the long-term potential stability test. Notably, X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectra and electrochemical experiments are adopted to elucidate the transduction mechanism that the lipophilic anion (TFPB-) participates in the redox reaction of CunS-50 at the solid-solid interface of ion-selective membrane (ISM) and redox inorganic SC layer (CunS-50), thereby promoting the generation of free electrons to accelerate ion-electron transduction. This work provides an in-depth comprehension of the transduction mechanism of the potentiometric response and an effective strategy for designing redox materials of ion-electron transduction triggered by lipophilic anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Hua Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan-Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Min-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Kim M, Dong XIN, Spindler BD, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Functionalizing Carbon Substrates with a Covalently Attached Cobalt Redox Buffer for Calibration-Free Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7558-7565. [PMID: 38696396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
With a view to potentiometric sensing with minimal calibration requirements and high long-term stability, colloid-imprinted mesoporous (CIM) carbon was functionalized by the covalent attachment of a cobalt redox buffer and used as a new solid contact for ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The CIM carbon surface was first modified by electroless grafting of a terpyridine ligand (Tpy-ph) using diazonium chemistry, followed by stepwise binding of Co(II) and an additional Tpy ligand to the grafted ligand, forming a bis(terpyridine) Co(II) complex, CIM-ph-Tpy-Co(II)-Tpy. Half a molar equivalent of ferrocenium tetrakis(3-chlorophenyl)borate was then used to partially oxidize the Co(II) complex. Electrodes prepared with this surface-attached CIM-ph-Tpy-Co(III/II)-Tpy redox buffer as a solid contact were tested as K+ sensors in combination with valinomycin as the ionophore and Dow 3140 silicone or plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the matrixes for the ion-selective membrane (ISM). This solid contact is characterized by a redox capacitance of 3.26 F/g, ensuring a well-defined interfacial potential that underpins the transduction mechanism. By use of a redox couple as an internal reference element to control the phase boundary potential at the interface of the ISM and the CIM carbon solid contact, solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) with a standard deviation of E° as low as 0.3 mV for plasticized PVC ISMs and 3.5 mV for Dow 3140 silicone ISMs were obtained. Over 100 h, these SC-ISEs exhibit an emf drift of 20 μV/h for plasticized PVC ISMs and 62 μV/h for silicone ISMs. The differences in long-term stability and reproducibility between electrodes with ISMs comprising either a plasticized PVC or silicone matrix offer valuable insights into the effect of the polymeric matrix on sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minog Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Xin I N Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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8
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Wang X, Liu T, Liang R, Qin W. Maintenance-free antifouling polymeric membrane potentiometric sensors based on self-polishing coatings. Analyst 2024; 149:2855-2863. [PMID: 38602369 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been widely used in environmental monitoring. However, in complicated marine environments, marine biofouling usually becomes a sticky problem for these electrodes. Herein, for the first time, a novel maintenance-free antifouling potentiometric marine sensor based on a self-polishing coating (SPC) is proposed. The SPC is synthesized by using the seeded emulsion polymerization method based on the triisopropylsilyl methacrylate monomer as the regulator of the self-renewal rate. This coating can be simply modified onto the electrode surface by drop-casting. The silyl acrylate side groups of the obtained SPC on the sensor surface can be hydrolyzed in the marine alkaline medium. The shear movement of seawater driven by sea waves, wind, gravity, or vibration removes the leftover (fouled) brittle polymer backbone and thus the fouling marine microorganisms. As a proof-of-concept experiment, a polymeric membrane Ca2+-ISE is chosen as a model. Compared to the unmodified electrode, the SPC-coated Ca2+-ISE exhibits remarkable improved antifouling properties in terms of superior anti-adhesive abilities towards marine microorganisms, such as bacterial cells and algae and excellent long-term stability even in the presence of high levels of marine microorganisms. Since no additional manual maintenance is required for maintaining the antifouling abilities of the sensor, the proposed self-polishing sensor may lay an important foundation for construction of unattended long-term potentiometric monitoring systems in real marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tonghao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Rongning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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9
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Hassan SSM, El-Shalakany HH, Fathy MA, Kamel AH. A novel potentiometric screen-printed electrode based on crown ethers/nano manganese oxide/Nafion composite for trace level determination of copper ion in biological fluids. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:313. [PMID: 38717608 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Copper levels in biological fluids are associated with Wilson's, Alzheimer's, Menke's, and Parkinson's diseases, making them good biochemical markers for these diseases. This study introduces a miniaturized screen-printed electrode (SPE) for the potentiometric determination of copper(II) in some biological fluids. Manganese(III) oxide nanoparticles (Mn2O3-NPs), dispersed in Nafion, are drop-casted onto a graphite/PET substrate, serving as the ion-to-electron transducer material. The solid-contact material is then covered by a selective polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane incorporated with 18-crown-6 as a neutral ion carrier for the selective determination of copper(II) ions. The proposed electrode exhibits a Nernstian response with a slope of 30.2 ± 0.3 mV/decade (R2 = 0.999) over the linear concentration range 5.2 × 10-9 - 6.2 × 10-3 mol/l and a detection limit of 1.1 × 10-9 mol/l (69.9 ng/l). Short-term potential stability is evaluated using constant current chronopotentiometry (CP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A significant improvement in the electrode capacitance (91.5 μF) is displayed due to the use of Mn2O3-NPs as a solid contact. The presence of Nafion, with its high hydrophobicity properties, eliminates the formation of the thin water layer, facilitating the ion-to-electron transduction between the sensing membrane and the conducting substrate. Additionally, it enhances the adhesion of the polymeric sensing membrane to the solid-contact material, preventing membrane delamination and increasing the electrode's lifespan. The high selectivity, sensitivity, and potential stability of the proposed miniaturized electrode suggests its use for the determination of copper(II) ions in human blood serum and milk samples. The results obtained agree fairly well with data obtained by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S M Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Hadeel H El-Shalakany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Ayman H Kamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sokheer, 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
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10
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Bao H, Ye J, Zhang Y. A Multichannel Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Based on Fluorinated Poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and Purified Mesoporous Carbon Black Simultaneously Detects Na +, K +, Ca 2+, and NO 2. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18238-18248. [PMID: 38680364 PMCID: PMC11044230 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Preparation of nanocomposites based on fluorinated poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (POTF) and purified mesoporous carbon black (PMCB) as the solid-contact layer of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is proposed. POTF is used as a dispersant for PMCB. The obtained nanocomposites possess unique characteristics including high conductivity, capacitance, and stability. The SPCE based on POTF and PMCB is characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry, demonstrating simultaneous detection of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and NO2- ions with detection limits of 10-6.5, 10-6.4, 10-6.7, and 10-6.3 M, respectively. Water layer and anti-interference tests revealed that the electrode has high hydrophobicity, and the static contact angle is >140°. The electrode shows excellent selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability and is not easily affected by light, O2, or CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bao
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jin Ye
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Academy
of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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11
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Shahzad U, Saeed M, Marwani HM, Al-Humaidi JY, Rehman SU, Althomali RH, Awual MR, Rahman MM. Recent Progress on Potentiometric Sensor Applications Based on Nanoscale Metal Oxides: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38593048 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2337876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have been the subject of much research and development as of late, with several publications detailing new designs boasting enhanced performance metrics. That is, without a doubt, because such sensors stand out from other analytical tools thanks to their excellent analytical characteristics, low cost, and ease of use. Their progress has shown a trend toward seeking out novel useful nano structure materials. A variety of nanostructure metal oxides have been utilized in the creation of potentiometric sensors, which are the subject of this article. For screen-printed pH sensors, metal oxides have been utilized as sensing layers due to their mixed ion-electron conductivity and as paste-ion-selective electrode components and in solid-contact electrodes. Further significant uses include solid-contact layers. All the metal oxide uses mentioned are within the purview of this article. Nanoscale metal oxides have several potential uses in the potentiometry method, and this paper summarizes such uses, including hybrid materials and single-component layers. Potentiometric sensors with outstanding analytical properties can be manufactured entirely from metal oxides. These novel sensors outperform the more traditional, conventional electrodes in terms of useful characteristics. In this review, we looked at the potentiometric analytical properties of different building solutions with various nanoscale metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shujah Ur Rehman
- Institute of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Rabiul Awual
- Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Hashem HM, Abdallah AB. A rational study of transduction mechanisms of different materials for all solid contact-ISEs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5405. [PMID: 38443429 PMCID: PMC10914792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The new era of solid contact ion selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) miniaturized design has received an extensive amount of concern. Because it eliminated the requirement for ongoing internal solution composition optimization and created a two-phase system with stronger detection limitations. Herein, the determination of venlafaxine HCl is based on a comparison study between different ion- to electron transduction materials (such as; multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polyaniline (PANi), and ferrocene) and illustrating their mechanisms in their applied sensors. Their different electrochemical features (such as bulk resistance (Rb**), double-layer capacitance (Cdl), geometric capacitance (Cg), and specific capacitance (Cp)) were evaluated and discussed by using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Chronopotentiometry (CP), and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) experiments. The results indicated that each transducer's influence on the proposed sensor's electrochemical characteristics is determined by their unique chemical and physical properties. The electrochemical features vary for different solid contact materials used in transduction mechanisms. The results confirm that the MWCNT sensor revealed the best electrochemical behavior with the potentiometric response of a near-Nernestian slope of 56.1 ± 0.8 mV/decade with detection limits of 3.8 × 10-6 mol/L (r2 = 0.999) and a low potential drift (∆E/∆t) of 34.6 µV/s. Also, the selectivity study was performed in the presence of different interfering species either in single or complex matrices. This demonstrates excellent selectivity, stability, conductivity, and reliability as a VEN-TPB ion pair sensor for accurately measuring VEN in its various formulations. The proposed method was compared to HPLC reported technique and confirmed no significant difference between them. So, the proposed sensors fulfill their solutions' demand features for VEN appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Hashem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - A B Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Hui X, Asaduzzaman M, Zahed MA, Sharma S, Jeong S, Song H, Faruk O, Park JY. Multifunctional Siloxene-Decorated Laser-Inscribed Graphene Patch for Sweat Ion Analysis and Electrocardiogram Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9725-9735. [PMID: 38378454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Potentiometric detection in complex biological fluids enables continuous electrolyte monitoring for personal healthcare; however, the commercialization of ion-selective electrode-based devices has been limited by the rapid loss of potential stability caused by electrode surface inactivation and biofouling. Here, we describe a simple multifunctional hybrid patch incorporating an Au nanoparticle/siloxene-based solid contact (SC) supported by a substrate made of laser-inscribed graphene on poly(dimethylsiloxane) for the noninvasive detection of sweat Na+ and K+. These SC nanocomposites prevent the formation of a water layer during ion-to-electron transfer, preserving 3 and 5 μV/h potential drift for the Na+ and K+ ion-selective electrodes, respectively, after 13 h of exposure. The lamellar structure of the siloxene sheets increases the SC area. In addition, the electroplated Au nanoparticles, which have a large surface area and excellent conductivity, further increased the electric double-layer capacitance at the interface between the ion-selective membranes and solid-state contacts, thus facilitating ion-to-electron transduction and ultimately improving the detection stability of Na+ and K+. Furthermore, the integrated temperature and electrocardiogram sensors in the flexible patch assist in monitoring body temperature and electrocardiogram signals, respectively. Featuring both electrochemical ion-selective and physical sensors, this patch offers immense potential for the self-monitoring of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hui
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - M Abu Zahed
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Sharma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongHoon Jeong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Faruk
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Human IoT Focused Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- SnE Solution Co., Ltd, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chipangura YE, Spindler BD, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Design Criteria for Nanostructured Carbon Materials as Solid Contacts for Ion-Selective Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309778. [PMID: 38105339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability to miniaturize ion-selective sensors that enable microsensor arrays and wearable sensor patches for ion detection in environmental or biological samples requires all-solid-state sensors with solid contacts for transduction of an ion activity into an electrical signal. Nanostructured carbon materials function as effective solid contacts for this purpose. They can also contribute to improved potential signal stability, reducing the need for frequent sensor calibration. In this Perspective, the structural features of various carbon-based solid contacts described in the literature and their respective abilities to reduce potential drift during long-term, continuous measurements are compared. These carbon materials include nanoporous carbons with various architectures, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, graphene, and graphite-based solid contacts. The effects of accessibility of ionophores, ionic sites, and other components of an ion-selective membrane to the internal or external carbon surfaces are discussed, because this impacts double-layer capacitance and potential drift. The effects of carbon composition on water-layer formation are also considered, which is another contributor to potential drift during long-term measurements. Recommendations regarding the selection of solid contacts and considerations for their characterization and testing in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevedzo E Chipangura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
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15
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Rousseau CR, Chipangura YE, Stein A, Bühlmann P. Effect of Ion Identity on Capacitance and Ion-to-Electron Transduction in Ion-Selective Electrodes with Nanographite and Carbon Nanotube Solid Contacts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1785-1792. [PMID: 38198594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of large surface area carbon materials as transducers in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) has become widespread. Desirable qualities of ISEs, such as a small long-term drift, have been associated with a high capacitance that arises from the formation of an electrical double layer at the interface of the large surface area carbon material and the ion-selective membrane. The capacitive properties of these ISEs have been observed using a variety of techniques, but the effects of the ions present in the ion-selective membrane on the measured value of the capacitance have not been studied in detail. Here, it is shown that changes in the size and concentration of the ions in the ion-selective membrane as well as the polarity of the polymeric matrix result in capacitances that can vary by up to several hundred percent. These data illustrate that the interpretation of comparatively small differences in capacitance for different types of solid contacts is not meaningful unless the composition of the ion-selective membrane is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste R Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yevedzo E Chipangura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Guo Y, Yin T, Ding J, Qin W. Near-Infrared Laser Irradiation-Modulated High-Temperature Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Potentiometric Detection of Ca 2+ in Seawater. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4198-4206. [PMID: 37773015 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The high-temperature potentiometry operated by nonisothermal heating is a promising way to break through the traditional potentiometric responses of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) at room temperature. Herein, a locally heated strategy through near-infrared region (NIR) laser irradiation upon the photothermal mesoporous carbon material placed between the ion-selective membrane and the glassy carbon substrate is introduced to obtain the high-temperature potentiometric performance of a solid-contact Ca2+-ISE for detection of Ca2+ in seawater. Based on the light-to-heat conversion of the mesoporous carbon-based solid contact, the temperature of the solid-contact Ca2+-ISE upon continuous NIR laser irradiation can be increased from room temperature to 60-70 °C, and the slope of the electrode is promoted up to about 30% according to the thermodynamic steady-state potentiometric response. The pulsed potentiometric response of the solid-contact Ca2+-ISE upon a pulsed NIR laser irradiation of 5 s also shows a linear change as a function of Ca2+ activities, and the improved slope from 27.1 ± 0.6 to 38.1 ± 0.9 mV/dec can be obtained under dual control of the temperature of the electrode and the transient current induced by the pulsed NIR laser irradiation. As compared to the traditional potentiometric measurement under zero-current conditions at room temperature, the NIR laser-modulated high-temperature potentiometric response provides an alternative way for measurement of the solid-contact ISEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tanji Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P.R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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17
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Lenar N, Piech R, Wardak C, Paczosa-Bator B. Application of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Field of Potentiometric Sensors: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:876. [PMID: 37999362 PMCID: PMC10672869 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been rapid development of electrochemical sensors, and there have been numerous reports in the literature that describe new constructions with improved performance parameters. Undoubtedly, this is due to the fact that those sensors are characterized by very good analytical parameters, and at the same time, they are cheap and easy to use, which distinguishes them from other analytical tools. One of the trends observed in their development is the search for new functional materials. This review focuses on potentiometric sensors designed with the use of various metal oxides. Metal oxides, because of their remarkable properties including high electrical capacity and mixed ion-electron conductivity, have found applications as both sensing layers (e.g., of screen-printing pH sensors) or solid-contact layers and paste components in solid-contact and paste-ion-selective electrodes. All the mentioned applications of metal oxides are described in the scope of the paper. This paper presents a survey on the use of metal oxides in the field of the potentiometry method as both single-component layers and as a component of hybrid materials. Metal oxides are allowed to obtain potentiometric sensors of all-solid-state construction characterized by remarkable analytical parameters. These new types of sensors exhibit properties that are competitive with those of the commonly used conventional electrodes. Different construction solutions and various metal oxides were compared in the scope of this review based on their analytical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Lenar
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
| | - Robert Piech
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
| | - Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square 3, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
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18
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Darestani-Farahani M, Ma F, Patel V, Selvaganapathy PR, Kruse P. An ion-selective chemiresistive platform as demonstrated for the detection of nitrogen species in water. Analyst 2023; 148:5731-5744. [PMID: 37840463 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of ion-selective electrodes (ISE) is a well-established technique for the detection of ions in aqueous solutions but requires the use of a reference electrode. Here, we introduce a platform of ion-selective chemiresistors for the detection of nitrogen species in water as an alternative method without the need for reference electrodes. Chemiresistors have a sensitive surface that is prone to damage during operation in aqueous solutions. By applying a layer of ion-selective membrane to the surface of the chemiresistive device, the surface becomes protected and highly selective. We demonstrate both anion-selective (NO3-, NO2-) and cation-selective (NH4+) membranes. The nitrate sensors are able to measure nitrate ions in a range of 2.2-220 ppm with a detection limit of 0.3 ppm. The nitrite sensors respond between 67 ppb and 67 ppm of nitrite ions (64 ppb detection limit). The ammonium sensors can measure ammonium concentrations in a wide range from 10 ppb to 100 ppm (0.5 ppb detection limit). The fast responses to nitrate and nitrite are due to a mechanism involving electrostatic gating repulsion between negative charge carriers of the film and anions while ammonium detection arises from two mechanisms based on electrostatic gating repulsion and adsorption of ammonium ions at the surface of the p-doped chemiresistive film. The adsorption phenomenon slows down the recovery time of the ammonium sensor. This sensor design is a new platform to continuously monitor ions in industrial, domestic, and environmental water resources by robust chemiresistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darestani-Farahani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Fanqing Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Vinay Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | | | - Peter Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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19
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Wang P, Liu H, Zhou S, Chen L, Yu S, Wei J. A Review of the Carbon-Based Solid Transducing Layer for Ion-Selective Electrodes. Molecules 2023; 28:5503. [PMID: 37513374 PMCID: PMC10384130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the key components of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs), the SC layer plays a crucial role in electrode performance. Carbon materials, known for their efficient ion-electron signal conversion, chemical stability, and low cost, are considered ideal materials for solid-state transducing layers. In this review, the application of different types of carbon materials in SC-ISEs (from 2007 to 2023) has been comprehensively summarized and discussed. Representative carbon-based materials for the fabrication of SC-ISEs have been systematically outlined, and the influence of the structural characteristics of carbon materials on achieving excellent performance has been emphasized. Finally, the persistent challenges and potential opportunities are also highlighted and discussed, aiming to inspire the design and fabrication of next-generation SC-ISEs with multifunctional composite carbon materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peike Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Suzhu Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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20
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Derar AR, Ahmed N, Hussien EM. A new strategy for the determination of the antidiabetics alogliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin using all-solid state potentiometric sensors. BMC Chem 2023; 17:79. [PMID: 37455315 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on the development of disposable screen printed carbon, nanostructure thin film Au/Pt and Pt/Pt all-solid state potentiometric sensors for some antidiabetic compounds called glibtins. The electrodes showed excellent calibration curves (1 × 10-5-1 × 10-2 M) for alogliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin. The electrodes were fully characterized with respect to potential stability, dynamic response time, detection limit, effect of pH and interference according to the IUPAC recommendation. The proposed method is rapid and can be applied for the determination of gliptins at low cost with satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 1%) and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Rashad Derar
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 9 Abou-Hazem str, P.O Box 29, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neven Ahmed
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 9 Abou-Hazem str, P.O Box 29, Giza, Egypt
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21
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Wardak C, Pietrzak K, Morawska K, Grabarczyk M. Ion-Selective Electrodes with Solid Contact Based on Composite Materials: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5839. [PMID: 37447689 DOI: 10.3390/s23135839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Potentiometric sensors are the largest and most commonly used group of electrochemical sensors. Among them, ion-selective electrodes hold a prominent place. Since the end of the last century, their re-development has been observed, which is a consequence of the introduction of solid contact constructions, i.e., electrodes without an internal electrolyte solution. Research carried out in the field of potentiometric sensors primarily focuses on developing new variants of solid contact in order to obtain devices with better analytical parameters, and at the same time cheaper and easier to use, which has been made possible thanks to the achievements of material engineering. This paper presents an overview of new materials used as a solid contact in ion-selective electrodes over the past several years. These are primarily composite and hybrid materials that are a combination of carbon nanomaterials and polymers, as well as those obtained from carbon and polymer nanomaterials in combination with others, such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, ionic liquids and many others. Composite materials often have better mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and chemical properties than the original components. With regard to their use in the construction of ion-selective electrodes, it is particularly important to increase the capacitance and surface area of the material, which makes them more effective in the process of charge transfer between the polymer membrane and the substrate material. This allows to obtain sensors with better analytical and operational parameters. Brief characteristics of electrodes with solid contact, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as research methods used to assess their parameters and analytical usefulness were presented. The work was divided into chapters according to the type of composite material, while the data in the table were arranged according to the type of ion. Selected basic analytical parameters of the obtained electrodes have been collected and summarized in order to better illustrate and compare the achievements that have been described till now in this field of analytical chemistry, which is potentiometry. This comprehensive review is a compendium of knowledge in the research area of functional composite materials and state-of-the-art SC-ISE construction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Pietrzak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Morawska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Grabarczyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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22
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Min J, Tu J, Xu C, Lukas H, Shin S, Yang Y, Solomon SA, Mukasa D, Gao W. Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5049-5138. [PMID: 36971504 PMCID: PMC10406569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors hold great potential in empowering personalized health monitoring, predictive analytics, and timely intervention toward personalized healthcare. Advances in flexible electronics, materials science, and electrochemistry have spurred the development of wearable sweat sensors that enable the continuous and noninvasive screening of analytes indicative of health status. Existing major challenges in wearable sensors include: improving the sweat extraction and sweat sensing capabilities, improving the form factor of the wearable device for minimal discomfort and reliable measurements when worn, and understanding the clinical value of sweat analytes toward biomarker discovery. This review provides a comprehensive review of wearable sweat sensors and outlines state-of-the-art technologies and research that strive to bridge these gaps. The physiology of sweat, materials, biosensing mechanisms and advances, and approaches for sweat induction and sampling are introduced. Additionally, design considerations for the system-level development of wearable sweat sensing devices, spanning from strategies for prolonged sweat extraction to efficient powering of wearables, are discussed. Furthermore, the applications, data analytics, commercialization efforts, challenges, and prospects of wearable sweat sensors for precision medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Daniel Mukasa
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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23
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Liu T, Liang R, Qin W. Anti-fouling TiO 2-Coated Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes with Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Properties. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6577-6585. [PMID: 37052412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, using a polymeric membrane ion-selective electrode (ISE) to achieve reliable ion sensing in complex samples remains challenging because of electrode fouling. To address this challenge, we describe a polymeric membrane ISE with excellent anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties based on surface covalent modification of an anatase TiO2 coating. Under ultraviolet illumination, the reactive oxygen species produced by photocatalytic TiO2 can not only kill microorganisms but also degrade organic foulants into carbon dioxide and water, and a formed superhydrophilic film can effectively prevent the adsorption of foulants, thus inhibiting the occurrence of biofouling and organic fouling of the sensors. More importantly, residual foulants could be fully self-cleaned through the flow of water droplets. By using Ca2+-ISE as a model, an anti-fouling polymeric membrane potentiometric sensor has been developed. Compared to the unmodified electrode, the TiO2-coated Ca2+-ISE exhibits remarkably improved anti-biofouling properties with a low bacterial adhesion rate of 4.74% and a high inhibition rate of 96.62%. In addition, the proposed electrode displays unique properties of anti-organic dye fouling and a superior self-cleaning ability even after soaking in a concentrated bacterial suspension of 109 CFU mL-1 for 60 days. The present approach can be extended to improve the fouling resistance of other electrochemical or optical membrane sensors and is promising for the construction of contamination-free sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P. R. China
| | - Rongning Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P. R. China
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24
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Bao H, Ye J, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Conductive Polymer Nanoparticles as Solid Contact in Ion-Selective Electrodes Sensitive to Potassium Ions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073242. [PMID: 37050005 PMCID: PMC10096689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A preparation method of nanocomposites based on poly (3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (POT) and carbon black (CB) as the transducer of an all-solid potassium ion selective electrode is proposed. POT is used as the dispersant of CB, and the obtained nanocomposites have unique characteristics, including high conductivity, high capacitance and high stability. The potassium ion selective electrode based on POT and CB was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry. The results showed that the detection limit of potassium ions was 10−6.2 M, and the slope was 57.6 ± 0.8 mV/façade. The water layer test and anti-interference test show that the electrode has high hydrophobicity, the static contact angle reaches 139.7° and is not easily affected by light, O2 and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin Ye
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuyan Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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25
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Deligönül N, Yildiz I, Bilgin S, Gokce I, Isildak O. Green Fluorescent Protein-Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube based Polymeric Membrane Electrode for Bismuth Ion Detection. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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26
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Kozma J, Papp S, Gyurcsányi RE. Highly hydrophobic TEMPO-functionalized conducting copolymers for solid-contact ion-selective electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108352. [PMID: 36563456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) emerged as the best electrode embodiment for miniaturized, wearable and disposable sensors for ion/electrolyte measurements in body fluids. The commercialization of inexpensive single-use "calibration-free" electrodes requires large scale manufacturing of electrodes with reproducible calibration parameters, e.g. E0. This is perhaps the most important shortcoming of SCISEs, beside the many advantages over their conventional liquid-contact counterparts. However, adjusting the E0 value for optimal potential stability is challenging for all state-of-the-art solid-contact materials, which may combine several types of transducing mechanism (e.g. capacitive and redox materials or their combination) for enhanced potential stability and analytical performance. Therefore, here we introduce for the first time the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) to determine the best preadjusment potential. The proof of concept is shown for a novel type of solid-contact based on the copolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with perfluorinated alkyl side chain (EDOTF) and (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl modified 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-TEMPO). Such materials that are compliant with local electrodeposition and provide multiple functionalities, i.e. high hydrophobicity by the perfluorinated alkyl side chain, electron-to-ion transduction by the conducting polymer (EDOT) backbone and the confinement of well-defined redox couple (TEMPO), are expected to prevail as solid-contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Kozma
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soma Papp
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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27
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Duy Nguyen L, Mau Dang C, Chanh Duc Doan T. Highly stable ammonium ion-selective electrodes based on one-pot synthesized gold nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide as ion-to-electron transducers. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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28
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Hua Y, Guan M, Xia L, Chen Y, Mai J, Zhao C, Liao C. Highly Stretchable and Robust Electrochemical Sensor Based on 3D Graphene Oxide-CNT Composite for Detecting Ammonium in Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:409. [PMID: 36979621 PMCID: PMC10046566 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electrochemical sensors have attracted tremendous attention and have been experiencing rapid growth in recent years. Sweat, one of the most suitable biological fluids for non-invasive monitoring, contains various chemical elements relating abundant information about human health conditions. In this work, a new type of non-invasive and highly stretchable potentiometric sweat sensor was developed based on all-solid-state ion-selective electrode (ISE) coupled with poly(dimethylsiloxane; PDMS) and polyurethane (PU). This highly stretchable composite of PDMS-PU allows the sensor to be robust, with the PDMS providing a flexible backbone and the PU enhancing the adhesion between the electrodes and the substrate. In addition, graphene-carbon nanotube (CNT) network 3D nanomaterials were introduced to modify the ion selective membrane (ISM) in order to increase the charge transfer activity of the ISEs, which also could minimize the formation of water layers on the electrode surface, as such nanomaterials are highly hydrophobic. As a result, the sensor demonstrated a wide detection range of NH4+ from 10-6 M to 10-1 M with high stability and sensitivity-showing a high sensitivity of 59.6 ± 1.5 mV/log [NH4+] and an LOD lower than 10-6 M. Under a strain of 40%, the sensor still showed a sensitivity of 42.7 ± 3.1 mV/log [NH4+]. The proposed highly stretchable and robust electrochemical sweat sensor provides a new choice for wearable-device-based personal daily healthcare management beyond hospital-centric healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Hua
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mingxiang Guan
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Linzhong Xia
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Junhao Mai
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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29
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Hassan SSM, Kamel AH, Fathy MA. All-solid-state paper-based potentiometric combined sensor modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and molecularly imprinted polymer for monitoring losartan drug in pharmaceuticals and biological samples. Talanta 2023; 253:123907. [PMID: 36095941 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A cost-effective, highly selective and sensitive paper-based potentiometric combined sensor for losartan potassium drug (LOS) is fabricated, characterized and used for the drug monitoring. The sensor consists of 2 strips of filter paper (20 × 5 mm each) as platform, each imprinted with 4 mm diameter circular spot of carbon. One carbon spot is covered by a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for use as a substrate for the recognition sensor and the other without rGO is used for the reference electrode. LOS molecularly imprinted drug polymer (MIP) is applied onto the graphene oxide containing strip to act as a drug recognition sensing material and a solid-state polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is applied onto the second carbon spot to act as a reference electrode. Performance characteristics of the combined sensor are examined with chronopotentiometry (CP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Increase effect of rGO on the interfacial double-layer capacitance of the sensing membrane and consequently on the potential stability is confirmed. The developed combined sensor (strip cell) displays a Nernstian slope of -58.2 ± 0.3 mV/decade (R2 = 0.9994) over the linear range 8.5 × 10-7 - 6.9 × 10-2 M with a detection limit of 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10-7 M. The sensor shows remarkable selectivity toward various related compounds especially those commonly used by the COVID-19 patients such as paracetamol, ascorbic acid and dextromethorphan. The assay method is validated and proved to be satisfactory for direct potentiometric determination of LOS-K in some pharmaceutical formulations and in spiked human urine samples. An average recovery of 96.3 ± 0.3-98.7 ± 0.6% of the nominal or spiked concentration and a mean relative standard deviation of ±0.6% are obtained. The use of an indicating and a reference electrodes combined into a single flexible disposable paper platform enables applications to a minimum sample volume due to the close proximity of the responsive membrane and the liquid junction. The efficiency of the proposed sensor in complex urine matrix suggests its application in hospitals for rapid diagnosis of overdose patients and for quality control/quality assurance tests in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S M Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Ayman H Kamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sokheer, 32038, Bahrain
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30
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Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Kempson H, Haseloff J. A Simple Reversed Iontophoresis-Based Sensor to Enable In Vivo Multiplexed Measurement of Plant Biomarkers Using Screen-Printed Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:780. [PMID: 36679574 PMCID: PMC9863583 DOI: 10.3390/s23020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The direct quantification of plant biomarkers in sap is crucial to enhancing crop production. However, current approaches are inaccurate, involving the measurement of non-specific parameters such as colour intensity of leaves, or requiring highly invasive processes for the extraction of sap. In addition, these methods rely on bulky and expensive equipment, and they are time-consuming. The present work reports for the first time a low-cost sensing device that can be used for the simultaneous determination of sap K+ and pH in living plants by means of reverse iontophoresis. A screen-printed electrode was modified by deposition of a K+-selective membrane, achieving a super-Nernstian sensitivity of 70 mV Log[K+]−1 and a limit of detection within the micromolar level. In addition, the cathode material of the reverse iontophoresis device was modified by electrodeposition of RuOx particles. This electrode could be used for the direct extraction of ions from plant leaves and the amperometric determination of pH within the physiological range (pH 3−8), triggered by the selective reaction of RuOx with H+. A portable and low-cost (<£60) microcontroller-based device was additionally designed to enable its use in low-resource settings. The applicability of this system was demonstrated by measuring the changes in concentration of K+ and pH in tomato plants before and after watering with deionised water. These results represent a step forward in the design of affordable and non-invasive devices for the monitoring of key biomarkers in plants, with a plethora of applications in smart farming and precision agriculture among others.
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31
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Electrochemical properties and analytical advantages of potassium-selective sensor with tungsten trioxide solid contact. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Neo ZH, Seah GEKK, Ng SH, Safanama D, Seng DHL, Goh SS. Solution-Printable PEDOT Solid-Contact for Nitrate-Selective Electrodes: Enhanced Selectivity from Anion Dopant Exchange. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15956-15963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hao Neo
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore138634, Singapore
| | - Georgina E. K. K. Seah
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore138634, Singapore
| | - Shi Hoe Ng
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore138634, Singapore
| | - Dorsasadat Safanama
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore138634, Singapore
| | - Debbie H. L. Seng
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore138634, Singapore
| | - Shermin S. Goh
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore138634, Singapore
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33
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Al Shagri LS, Kamel AH, Abd-Rabboh HSM, Bajaber MA. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified with an MWCNT Nanocomposite for the Fabrication of a Barbital Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrode. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32988-32995. [PMID: 36157763 PMCID: PMC9494433 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For potentiometric sensing of barbital (BAR), unique micro-sized imprinted polymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based sensors are introduced. MWCNT is a lipophilic ion-to-electron transducing substance. A synthetic, described, and integrated barbital sodium molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was used as a recognition receptor for potentiometric transduction in a plasticized polyvinyl chloride membrane. Methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylic acid are used as the functional monomer and crosslinking agent, respectively, in the synthesis of the MIPs. In the operating concentration range of 1.0 × 10-3 to 2.0 × 10-7 M, the sensors' Nernstian slope was -56.8 ± 0.9 mV/decade, with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10-7 M. The sensor displayed an accurate response time of 10 s and consistent potential response in the pH range of 8.5-11. Using chronopotentiometry tests, the interfacial capacitance of the presented ion-to-electron transducer was assessed. When compared to sensors without MWCNTs, the interfacial double-layer capacitance for sensors based on those layers reached 52.5 μF. After the addition of the MWCNTs nanocomposite layer, the water layer was eliminated between the sensing membrane and the conducting substrate. A wide range of applications for the proposed sensors for BAR detection in real samples can be provided by the sensors' strong selectivity over the interfering species. The suggested sensors were successfully used to determine BAR in urine samples that had been spiked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla
M. S. Al Shagri
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, University
of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ayman H. Kamel
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, University
of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Majed A. Bajaber
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Zhang Y, Tang Y, Liang R, Zhong L, Xu J, Lu H, Xu X, Han T, Bao Y, Ma Y, Gan S, Niu L. Carbon-Based Transducers for Solid-Contact Calcium Ion-Selective Electrodes: Mesopore and Nitrogen-Doping Effects. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:903. [PMID: 36135922 PMCID: PMC9505166 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) exhibit great potential in the detection of routine and portable ions which rely on solid-contact (SC) materials for the transduction of ions to electron signals. Carbon-based materials are state-of-the-art SC transducers due to their high electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitance and hydrophobicity. However, researchers have long searched for ways to enhance the interfacial capacitance in order to improve the potential stability. Herein, three representative carbon-based SC materials including nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were compared. The results disclose that the NMC has the highest EDL capacitance owing to its mesopore structure and N-doping while maintaining high hydrophobicity so that no obvious water-layer effect was observed. The Ca2+-SC-ISEs based on the SC of NMC exhibited high potential stability compared with RGO and CNT. This work offers a guideline for the development of carbon-material-based SC-ISEs through mesoporous and N-doping engineering to improve the interfacial capacitance. The developed NMC-based solid-contact Ca2+-SC-ISE exhibited a Nernstian slope of 26.3 ± 3.1 mV dec-1 ranging from 10 μM to 0.1 M with a detection limit of 3.2 μM. Finally, a practical application using NMC-based SC-ISEs was demonstrated through Ca2+ ion analysis in mineral water and soil leaching solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lijie Zhong
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Niu
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.N.)
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35
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Xue M, Mackin C, Weng WH, Zhu J, Luo Y, Luo SXL, Lu AY, Hempel M, McVay E, Kong J, Palacios T. Integrated biosensor platform based on graphene transistor arrays for real-time high-accuracy ion sensing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5064. [PMID: 36030295 PMCID: PMC9420106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials such as graphene have shown great promise as biosensors, but suffer from large device-to-device variation due to non-uniform material synthesis and device fabrication technologies. Here, we develop a robust bioelectronic sensing platform composed of more than 200 integrated sensing units, custom-built high-speed readout electronics, and machine learning inference that overcomes these challenges to achieve rapid, portable, and reliable measurements. The platform demonstrates reconfigurable multi-ion electrolyte sensing capability and provides highly sensitive, reversible, and real-time response for potassium, sodium, and calcium ions in complex solutions despite variations in device performance. A calibration method leveraging the sensor redundancy and device-to-device variation is also proposed, while a machine learning model trained with multi-dimensional information collected through the multiplexed sensor array is used to enhance the sensing system’s functionality and accuracy in ion classification. The potential of 2D materials for biosensing applications is often limited by large device-to-device variation. Here, the authors report a calibration method and a machine learning approach leveraging the redundancy of a sensing platform based on 256 integrated graphene transistors to enhance the system accuracy in real-time ion classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantian Xue
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Wei-Hung Weng
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiadi Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yiyue Luo
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shao-Xiong Lennon Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ang-Yu Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marek Hempel
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elaine McVay
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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36
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Yeung KK, Li J, Huang T, Hosseini II, Al Mahdi R, Alam MM, Sun H, Mahshid S, Yang J, Ye TT, Gao Z. Utilizing Gradient Porous Graphene Substrate as the Solid-Contact Layer To Enhance Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Sensor Sensitivity. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6647-6654. [PMID: 35943807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat monitoring represents an attractive opportunity for personalized healthcare and for evaluating sports performance. One of the limitations with such monitoring, however, is water layer formation upon cycling of ion-selective sensors, leading to degraded sensitivity and long-term instability. Our report is the first to use chemical vapor deposition-grown, three-dimensional, graphene-based, gradient porous electrodes to minimize such water layer formation. The proposed design reduces the ion diffusion path within the polymeric ion-selective membrane and enhances the electroactive surface for highly sensitive, real-time detection of Na+ ions in human sweat with high selectivity. We obtained a 7-fold enhancement in electroactive surface against 2D electrodes (e.g., carbon, gold), yielding a sensitivity of 65.1 ± 0.25 mV decade-1 (n = 3, RSD = 0.39%), the highest to date for wearable Na+ sweat sensors. The on-body sweat sensing performance is comparable to that of ICP-MS, suggesting its feasibility for health evaluation through sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Kan Yeung
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Imman I Hosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Rakib Al Mahdi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Md Masruck Alam
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Honglin Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Terry Tao Ye
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhaoli Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Carbon composite thermoplastic electrodes integrated with mini-printed circuit board for wireless detection of calcium ions. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1233-1243. [PMID: 35861910 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Here, a smartphone-based portable sensing system is developed for real-time detection of Ca2+ ions in a variety of biofluids. A solid-contact calcium-selective electrode (Ca2+-ISE) consisting of an ion-selective membrane (ISM), carbon black nanomaterial and polystyrene-graphite nanoplatelets as a solid contact was fabricated. The polyvinylchloride (PVC)-based ISM was optimized using different plasticizers and ion-exchangers. Under optimized conditions, the solid contacts were electrochemically characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), chronopotentiometric and potentiometric measurements. The Ca2+-ISE showed a Nernst response with a slope of 31.2 ± 0.6 mV/decade in the concentration range from 0.1 M to 10-4 M Ca2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 × 10-5 M. In addition, the ISEs exhibited good selectivity to Ca2+ ions over various interfering electrolytes and metabolites. The Ca2+-ISEs were applied in human urine and, artificial serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples. The ISEs showed good recoveries between 90 and 105%, indicating potential applicability of these electrodes in biological fluids. The portable lab-made potentiometer provides wireless data signaling and transmission to a smartphone and final Ca2+ concentration display due to its customized software. Therefore, the developed smartphone-based sensing platform offers low cost (< $25), rapid, user-friendly detection of Ca2+ especially in resource-limited areas.
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Thi Dieu Thuy N, Zhao G, Wang X, Awuah E, Zhang L. Potassium ion‐selective electrode with a sensitive ion‐to‐electron transducer composed of porous laser‐induced graphene and MoS<sub>2</sub> fabricated by one‐step direct laser writing. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Niemiec B, Zambrzycki M, Piech R, Wardak C, Paczosa-Bator B. Hierarchical Nanocomposites Electrospun Carbon NanoFibers/Carbon Nanotubes as a Structural Element of Potentiometric Sensors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144803. [PMID: 35888272 PMCID: PMC9319259 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes new carbon materials for intermediate layers in solid-contact electrodes sensitive for potassium ions. The group of tested materials includes electrospun carbon nanofibers, electrospun carbon nanofibers with incorporated cobalt nanoparticles and hierarchical nanocomposites composed of carbon nanotubes deposited on nanofibers with different metal nanoparticles (cobalt or nickel) and nanotube density (high or low). Materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and contact angle microscopy. Electrical parameters of ready-to-use electrodes were characterized using chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The best results were obtained for potassium electrodes with carbon nanofibers with nickel-cobalt nanoparticles and high density of nanotubes layer: the highest capacity value (330 µF), the lowest detection limit (10−6.3 M), the widest linear range (10−6–10−1) and the best reproducibility of normal potential (0.9 mV). On the other hand the best potential reversibility, the lowest potential drift (20 μV·h−1) in the long-term test and the best hydrophobicity (contact angle 168°) were obtained for electrode with carbon nanofibers with cobalt nanoparticles and high density of carbon nanotubes. The proposed electrodes can be used successfully in potassium analysis of real samples as shown in the example of tomato juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Niemiec
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.); (R.P.)
| | - Marcel Zambrzycki
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert Piech
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.); (R.P.)
| | - Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-0126175021; Fax: +48-0126341201
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Hassan SA, Nashat NW, Elghobashy MR, Abbas SS, Moustafa AA, Mahmoud AM. Novel microfabricated solid-contact potentiometric sensors doped with multiwall carbon-nanotubes for simultaneous determination of bisoprolol and perindopril in spiked human plasma. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Pietrzak K, Krstulović N, Blažeka D, Car J, Malinowski S, Wardak C. Metal oxide nanoparticles as solid contact in ion-selective electrodes sensitive to potassium ions. Talanta 2022; 243:123335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kozma J, Papp S, Gyurcsányi RE. TEMPO-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Largely Improved Potential Reproducibility and Stability. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8249-8257. [PMID: 35622612 PMCID: PMC9201804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) can overcome essential limitations of their counterparts based on liquid contacts. However, attaining a highly reproducible and predictable E0, especially between different fabrication batches, turned out to be difficult even with the most established solid-contact materials, i.e., conducting polymers and large-surface-area conducting materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes), that otherwise possess excellent potential stability. An appropriate batch-to-batch E0 reproducibility of SCISEs besides aiding the rapid quality control of the electrode manufacturing process is at the core of their "calibration-free" application, which is perhaps the last major challenge for their routine use as single-use "disposable" or wearable potentiometric sensors. Therefore, here, we propose a new class of solid-contact material based on the covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a chemically stable redox molecule, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). This material combines the advantages of (i) the large double-layer capacitance of MWCNT layers, (ii) the adjustable redox couple ratio provided by the TEMPO moiety, (iii) the covalent confinement of the redox couple, and (iv) the hydrophobicity of the components to achieve the potential reproducibility and stability for demanding applications. The TEMPO-MWCNT-based SC potassium ion-selective electrodes (K+-SCISEs) showed excellent analytical performance and potential stability with no sign of an aqueous layer formation beneath the ion-selective membrane nor sensitivity toward O2, CO2, and light. A major convenience of the fabrication procedure is the E0 adjustment of the K+-SCISEs by the polarization of the TEMPO-MWCNT suspension prior to its use as solid contact. While most E0 reproducibility studies are limited to a single fabrication batch of SCISEs, the use of prepolarized TEMPO-MWCNT resulted also in an outstanding batch-to-batch potential reproducibility. We were also able to overcome the hydration-related potential drifts for the use of SCISEs without prior conditioning and to feature application for accurate K+ measurements in undiluted blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Kozma
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soma Papp
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Wiorek A, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Selective Ion Capturing via Carbon Nanotubes Charging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7455-7459. [PMID: 35579547 PMCID: PMC9161223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a phenomenon
consisting of the synergistic effects of
a capacitive material, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and an ion-selective,
thin-layer membrane. CNTs can trigger a charge disbalance and propagate
this effect into a thin-layer membrane domain under mildly polarization
conditions. With the exceptional selectivity and the fast establishment
of new concentration profiles provided by the thin-layer membrane,
a selective ion capture from the solution is expected, which is necessarily
linked to the charge generation on the CNTs lattice. As a proof-of-concept,
we investigated an arrangement based on a layer of CNTs modified with
a nanometer-sized, potassium-selective membrane to conform an actuator
that is in contact with a thin-layer aqueous solution (thickness of
50 μm). The potassium ion content was fixed in the solution
(0.1–10 mM range), and the system was operated for 120 s at
−400 mV (with respect to the open circuit potential). A 10-fold
decrease from the initial potassium concentration in the thin-layer
solution was detected through either a potentiometric potassium-selective
sensor or an optode confronted to the actuator system. This work is
significant, because it provides empirical evidence for interconnected
charge transfer processes in CNT–membrane systems (actuators)
that result in controlled ion uptake from the solution, which is monitored
by a sensor. One potential application of this concept is the removal
of ionic interferences in a sample by means of the actuator to enhance
precision of analytical assessments of a charged or neutral target
in the sample with the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wiorek
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaston A Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu J, Xu Z, Yang M, Zhang S, Tang A. An Ion Selective Electrode Based on Ti3C2 Solid‐state Transduction for Rapid Detection of Lead Ion Concentration in Aqueous Solution. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Gil RL, Amorim CG, Montenegro MCBSM, Araújo AN. HPLC-potentiometric method for determination of biogenic amines in alcoholic beverages: A reliable approach for food quality control. Food Chem 2022; 372:131288. [PMID: 34655830 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Determination of ten biogenic amines in alcoholic beverages by HPLC coupled to a potentiometric detector for food quality control is herein presented. Biogenic amines were separated by ion-pair chromatography on a C18 column using a gradient mobile phase of acetic acid, acetonitrile, and butane-sulfonic acid. Detection was accomplished by a miniaturized amine-selective electrode. The method was validated following ICH and Eurachem guidelines. Linear regression models provided R2 values from 0.9870 ± 0.0019 to 0.9991 ± 0.0014 for tyramine and cadaverine, respectively. Detection and quantification limits depend on the molecular weight of BAs, ranging from 9.3 to 60.5 and from 31.1 to 202.3 µg L-1 for methylamine and spermine, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision showed RSD values lower than 5.8 and 8.3%, respectively. Accuracy of assays yielded recovery values from 86.4 to 109.9%. The biogenic amines content in red wine, white wine, and beer samples were 7.54, 5.24, and 4.58 mg L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Gil
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia - Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia G Amorim
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia - Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria C B S M Montenegro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia - Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto N Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia - Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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46
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Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Potentiometric Sensor Coupled to HPLC for Determination of Tetracycline Residues in Milk Samples. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The determination of chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline in milk samples by HPLC coupled to a cucurbit[8]uril-based potentiometric sensor is herein presented. The new tetracycline-selective electrode is based on a polymeric membrane incorporating cucurbit[8]uril as a macrocyclic host, potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl) borate as an ionic additive, 2-fluorophenyl 2-nitrophenyl ether as a plasticizer, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanostructured materials. A microfluidic wall-jet flow-cell is implemented as a potentiometric detector after chromatographic separation by a C8 column using a gradient mobile phase of sulphuric acid and acetonitrile. The proposed methodology was validated following International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and European Union (EU) guidelines. Linear regression models provided R2 in the range from 0.9973 ± 0.0026 to 0.9987 ± 0.0012 for all tetracycline antibiotics. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 13.3 to 46.0 μg L−1 and 44.4 to 92.1 μg L−1, respectively. Precision intra-day, inter-day, and inter-electrode showed relative standard deviation values lower than 12.5%, 13.5%, and 12.9%, respectively. Accuracy was assessed by analysis of spiked milk samples around the maximum residue limit, yielding recovery values in the range from 81.3 to 108.5%. The simple, sensitive, cost-effective, and reliable HPLC-ion-selective electrode method justifies its use as a competitive alternative for the analysis of tetracycline residues in the food quality control sector.
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47
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Kalisz J, Wȩgrzyn K, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. 3D-Drawn Supports for Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3436-3440. [PMID: 35175046 PMCID: PMC8892439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new concept of easy to make, potentially disposable potentiometric sensors is presented. A thermoprocessable carbon black-loaded, electronically conducting, polylactide polymer composite was used to prepare substrate electrodes of user's defined shape/arrangement applying a 3D pen in a hot melt process. Covering of the carbon black-loaded polylactide 3D-drawn substrate electrode with a PVC-based ion-selective membrane cocktail results in spontaneous formation of a zip-lock structure with a large contact area. Thus, obtained ion-selective electrodes offer sensors of excellent performance, including potential stability expressed by SD of the mean value of potential recorded equal to ±1.0 mV (n = 6) within one day and ±1.5 mV (n = 6) between five days. The approach offers also high device-to-device potential reproducibility: SD of mean value of E0 equal to ±1.5 mV (n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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48
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Zhai J, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Kou L, Zhao G. In vivo monitoring of calcium ions in rat cerebrospinal fluid using an all-solid-state acupuncture needle based potentiometric microelectrode. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339209. [PMID: 35033241 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture needles are regarded as ideal materiel for the development of microelectrodes for in vivo sensing. In this work, an all-solid-state ion-selective microelectrode (ISμE) has been developed by coating a calcium ion-selective membrane on an acupuncture needle tip with a diameter of less than 80 μm, which is modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) as solid contact. The proposed Ca2+-ISμE shows a Nernstian response toward Ca2+ in the range from 1.0 × 10-6 to 3.1 × 10-3 M with a slope of 30.8 ± 0.9 mV/decade (R2 = 0.999), and the detection limit is 1.2 × 10-7 M. The Ca2+-ISμE has been used for in vivo monitoring of the calcium changes in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under the injury of spinal cord transection. The results demonstrate that the calcium concentration in CSF increases sharply from the normal level of 20.6 ± 1.72 μM (n = 3) to 133.2 ± 7.63 μM (n = 3) with a severe fluctuation after spinal cord damage. Thus, the proposed Ca2+-ISμE is available for in vivo monitoring of calcium ions with high temporal resolution and flexibility. The detection system can be extended to measure other ions in CSF by changing different ion-selective membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhai
- School of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR, 264003, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR, 264003, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR, 264003, China
| | - Lijuan Kou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR, 264003, China
| | - Guangtao Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR, 264003, China.
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49
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Jaworska E, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Ion-selective membrane plasticizer leakage in all-solid-state electrodes – an unobvious way to improve potential reading stability in time. Analyst 2022; 147:3298-3304. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of leakage of the plasticizer from the ion-selective membrane into the ion-to-electron transducer of all-solid-state potentiometric sensors is considered for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaworska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Maksymiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Rousseau CR, Honig ML, Bühlmann P. Hydrogels Doped with Redox Buffers as Transducers for Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1143-1150. [PMID: 34932309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with an unintentional water layer between the sensing membrane and underlying electron conductor are well known to suffer from potential drift caused by the instability of the phase boundary potential between the sensing membrane and the water layer with its uncontrolled ionic composition. The reproducibility and long-term emf stability of ISEs with a miniaturized inner filling solution comprising a hydrogel and a hydrophilic electrolyte have not been studied as thoroughly. Here, such devices are discussed with a view to electrode-to-electrode reproducibility, using both hydrophilic ion-exchange and plasticized PVC membranes, along with a hydrophilic redox buffer composed of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide to control the potential between the hydrogel and the underlying electron conductor. With plasticized PVC sensing membranes, these electrodes showed an E0 reproducibility of ±1.1 mV or better, while with hydrophilic ion-exchange membranes, this variability was slightly larger. Long-term drifts were also assessed with both membranes, and the effect of osmotic pressure on drift was shown to be insignificant for the PVC membranes and very small at most for the hydrophilic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste R Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Madeline L Honig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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