1
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Ozdemir A, Lin JL, Gulfen M, Chen CH. Advancing mass spectrometry-based chemical imaging: A noncontact continuous flow surface probe in mass spectrometry for enhanced signal detection and spatial resolution. Talanta 2024; 273:125858. [PMID: 38442563 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A new method has been developed for mass spectrometric imaging of small molecules and proteins on tissue or in thinly sliced materials. A laser desorption Venturi electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer was developed for molecular imaging. This method combines laser desorption (LD) and electrospray ionization (ESI) systems before a mass spectrometer (MS). To carry out laser desorption, samples are excited with a laser from the back side of a glass substrate. The desorbed molecules or particles are then captured by a solvent flow. In the ESI system, these desorbed particles and molecules are ionized. The spray part of the solvent system consists of two capillaries: one delivers solvent to the sample plate sides to capture desorbed molecules and particles, and the other carries the solution to the mass spectrometry side using the Venturi effect. A 2D stage facilitates sampling. The system is designed to minimize the sample size after desorption using a 355 nm diode laser, and it is optimized for molecules of various sizes, including organic molecules, amino acids, and proteins. Despite challenging atmospheric conditions for protein desorption, this specialized design enables the collection of protein spectra. The amino acids and other small molecules showed high sensitivity in the MSI measurements. This innovative MS imaging system can be directly applied to real tissue systems and other plant samples to visualize the molecular level distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdil Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Jung-Lee Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mustafa Gulfen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
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2
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Tega DU, Campos Oliveira LF, Ferreira PC, Soldera BB, Nascimento HDL, Eberlin MN, Sussulini A. Caffeine quantification in dietary supplements using high-throughput on-line solid phase extraction coupled to Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2678-2683. [PMID: 38623781 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Caffeine is present in a large number of beverages and is an additive used in dietary supplements. Therefore, the concern about its quality and safety for consumers has been increasing and hence requires faster and simpler analytical methods to determine the caffeine amount. The high-throughput analysis is an appropriate solution to pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis, forensic and food laboratory routines. In this sense, Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (V-EASI-MS), a specific ambient ionization source, is suitable to enable direct analysis of sample solutions in real time and is appropriate to be coupled to liquid chromatography (LC). The development of an on-line solid phase extraction system coupled to V-EASI-MS optimizes the advantages of LC-MS hyphenation by enhancing the figures of merit of the analytical method according to AOAC guidelines and simultaneously minimizing the runtime analysis to 1.5 min per sample, as well as sample preparation steps and solvent consumption, which is currently a challenge for quantitative applications of ambient ionization MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulisses Tega
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luan Felipe Campos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrick Cesar Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Beatriz Soldera
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Heliara Dalva Lopes Nascimento
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação 930, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies (MackGraphe), Rua da Consolação 896, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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3
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Sun S, Hou M, Lai C, Yang Q, Gao J, Lu X, Wang X, Yu Q. Capillary self-aspirating electrospray ionization (CSESI) for convenient and versatile mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2024; 266:125008. [PMID: 37531883 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is one of the most widely used ionization techniques, and its simplification can benefit many interested users. In this study, sample introduction by capillary action was studied and used to develop a simple ESI source called capillary self-aspirating electrospray ionization (CSESI). A conventional CSESI source requires only a common capillary of appropriate diameter in addition to the support of high voltage (HV). No pumps and sample loading is needed because the solution can spontaneously climb across the capillary by capillary action. With the proper modification of the glass capillary, the operation of CSESI can be further simplified and efficient. Specifically, cold plasma processing of the capillary creates a more hydrophilic surface that can facilitate sample introduction. Moreover, sputtering a thin platinum layer on the capillary tip makes the application of HV more convenient, and it also eliminates the influence of air bubbles in the capillary to ensure a sustained and stable electrospray. Overall, CSESI exhibits multiple desirable features such as simple structure, self-aspiration ability, low sample consumption, and inherent physical filtration capability. Apart from the routine ESI-MS analysis, it has also been applied in real-time monitoring of the oxidative dimerization of 8-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, as well as direct analysis of muddy soil solutions without pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mulang Hou
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaoyang Lai
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinqiong Lu
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Mavroudakis L, Lanekoff I. Matrix Effects Free Imaging of Thin Tissue Sections Using Pneumatically Assisted Nano-DESI MSI. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2688:107-121. [PMID: 37410288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3319-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging has the potential to reveal important molecular interaction in morphological regions in tissue. However, the simultaneous ionization of the continuously altered and complex chemistry in each pixel can introduce artifacts that result in skewed molecular distributions in the compiled ion images. These artifacts are known as matrix effects. Mass spectrometry imaging using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI MSI) enables the elimination of matrix effects by doping the nano-DESI solvent with internal standards. Carefully selected internal standards ionize similarly and simultaneously with the extracted analytes from thin tissue sections, and the matrix effects are eliminated through a robust data normalization method. Herein we describe the setup and use of pneumatically assisted (PA) nano-DESI MSI with standards doped in the solvent for elimination of matrix effects in ion images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Shi L, Habib A, Bi L, Hong H, Begum R, Wen L. Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Application and Prospective. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-50. [PMID: 36206159 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2124840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a formidable analytical tool for the analysis of non-polar to polar compounds individually and/or from mixtures, providing information on the molecular weights and chemical structures of the analytes. During the last more than one-decade, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has developed quickly, producing a wide range of platforms and proving scientific improvements in a variety of domains, from biological imaging to quick quality control. These methods have made it possible to detect target analytes in real time without sample preparation in an open environment, and they can be connected to any MS system with an atmospheric pressure interface. They also have the ability to analyze explosives, illicit drugs, disease diagnostics, drugs in biological samples, adulterants in food and agricultural products, reaction progress, and environmental monitoring. The development of novel ambient ionization techniques, such as probe electrospray ionization, paper spray ionization, and fiber spray ionization, employed even at picolitre to femtolitre solution levels to provide femtogram to attogram levels of the target analytes. The special characteristic of this ambient ion source, which has been extensively used, is the noninvasive property of PESI of examination of biological real samples. The results in the current review supports the idea that AIMS has emerged as a pioneer in MS-based approaches and that methods will continue to be developed along with improvements to existing ones in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lei Bi
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Hong
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rockshana Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Luhong Wen
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Marques C, Liu L, Duncan KD, Lanekoff I. A Direct Infusion Probe for Rapid Metabolomics of Low-Volume Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12875-12883. [PMID: 36070505 PMCID: PMC9494293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Targeted and nontargeted metabolomics has the potential
to evaluate
and detect global metabolite changes in biological systems. Direct
infusion mass spectrometric analysis enables detection of all ionizable
small molecules, thus simultaneously providing information on both
metabolites and lipids in chemically complex samples. However, to
unravel the heterogeneity of the metabolic status of cells in culture
and tissue a low number of cells per sample should be analyzed with
high sensitivity, which requires low sample volumes. Here, we present
the design and characterization of the direct infusion probe, DIP.
The DIP is simple to build and position directly in front of a mass
spectrometer for rapid metabolomics of chemically complex biological
samples using pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization at 1
μL/min flow rate. The resulting data is acquired in a square
wave profile with minimal carryover between samples that enhances
throughput and enables several minutes of uniform MS signal from 5
μL sample volumes. The DIP was applied to study the intracellular
metabolism of insulin secreting INS-1 cells and the results show that
exposure to 20 mM glucose for 15 min significantly alters the abundance
of several small metabolites, amino acids, and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Marques
- Department of Chemistry─BMC, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liangwen Liu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kyle D Duncan
- Department of Chemistry─BMC, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry─BMC, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Lu J, Wang K, Zhang R, Yu Q. High-Throughput Screening Using a Synchronized Pulsed Self-aspiration Vacuum Electrospray Ionization Miniature Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7417-7424. [PMID: 35533348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the advantages of rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and multicomponent identification, mass spectrometry (MS) is recognized as an appealing choice for high-throughput screening (HTS) analysis. Aiming at the small size, simple operation, and adequate performance, the development of miniature mass spectrometers has made great progress over the last 2 decades. Besides the essential analytical performance, simple operation and HTS capability are two other crucial features desired in miniature MS instruments. In this paper, an induced self-aspiration vacuum electrospray ionization source (ISA-VESI) was developed and coupled to a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. A special timing sequence was designed to synchronize all the operation steps in each measurement, including dual-pulse sample injection, multipulse gas injection, MS analysis, and the movement of the homemade HTS platform used as the sampler. Then, the automatic high-throughput analysis of multiple samples can be accomplished with close coordination among the sample delivery, the sample introduction and ionization, and the ion trap operation. The measurement time of each ISA-VESI-MS analysis was about 7 s, with a sample consumption of less than 100 nL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Informatization and Industrialization Integration Research Institute, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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8
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Dulay MT, Chamberlayne CF, Zare RN. Optimizing Coaxial Sonic Spray Geometry for Generating Water Microdroplets. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3762-3766. [PMID: 35191692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sonic spray creates a stream of neutral and charged microdroplets without application of voltage, heating, laser irradiation, or corona discharge. The solvent of interest flows through an inner capillary (usually constructed of fused silica) that is surrounded by an outer stainless-steel tube through which a nebulizing gas flows under pressure. This technique has been widely used as the interface in mass spectrometric studies for chemical analysis and for understanding microdroplet chemistry. We have used light scattering to characterize the size distribution and density for water microdroplets as a function of several parameters, such as water quality, water flow rate, nebulizing gas pressure, and sonic sprayer geometry. We find that the size distribution of the microdroplets, which is critical to many applications, depends most sensitively on the distance between the inner and outer capillary outlets and the gas flow pressure. The best performance as measured by the smallness of the microdroplet diameters is obtained when the gas flow pressure is the highest and there is no separation distance, d, between the two capillary outlets. In addition, at d = 0 mm, the microdroplet diameter distribution is nearly independent of the water flow rate, indicating that studies under these conditions can be scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Dulay
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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9
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Shen B, Yang X, Noll SE, Yang X, Liu Y, Jia S, Zhao J, Zheng S, Zare RN, Zhong H. Cell-Based Ambient Venturi Autosampling and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Secretory Products. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3456-3466. [PMID: 35157418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cell-based ambient Venturi autosampling device was established for the monitoring of dynamic cell secretions in response to chemical stimulations in real time with temporal resolution on the order of a second. Detection of secretory products of cells and screening of bioactive compounds are primarily performed on an ambient autosampling probe and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. It takes advantage of the Venturi effect in which the fluid flowing through an inlet capillary tube is automatically fed into a parallel array of multiple outlet capillaries. Cells are incubated inside the inlet capillary tube that is connected with either a syringe pump or liquid chromatography (LC) for the transfer of single compounds or mixtures, respectively. Secretory products were continuously pushed into the outlet capillaries and then spotted into a compressed thin film of the matrix material 9-aminoacridine for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging. In physiological pH, without the use of high voltages and without the use of chemical derivatizations, this platform can be applied to the direct assay of neurotransmitters or other secretory products released from cells in response to the stimulation of individual compounds or LC-separated eluates of natural mixtures. It provides a new way to identify bioactive compounds with a detection limit down to 0.04 fmol/pixel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Shen
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Noll
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shi Zheng
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongying Zhong
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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10
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Oliveira LFC, Tega DU, Eberlin MN, Sussulini A. Liquid chromatography coupled to Venturi easy ambient sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 238:123004. [PMID: 34857338 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Venturi easy ambient sonic spray ionization (V-EASI) is a soft ambient ionization (AI) source that has the advantages of being suitable to the analysis of samples in solution (differently from the majority of AI sources), performing self-pumping, voltage- and heat-free ionization, and requiring minimum or no sample preparation. Since this ionization technique has not been fully explored, the present study provides a proof of principle of the coupling of liquid chromatography to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using V-EASI as the interface. In order to test the performance of the developed LC-V-EASI-MS system, a quantification method for bixin, a natural dye from annatto (Bixa Orellana L.), which is known to be sensitive to the high voltage applied for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis, was validated according to FDA criteria and tested in real samples. The analytical method was successfully applied and met the validation criteria, providing a detectability 10 times better than methods already reported to the quantification of bixin and no matrix effect was observed. Therefore, this proof of principle contributes to the continuous development of AI sources that represents the last great technological advance in MS towards becoming a miniaturized technique able to analyze samples closer to their actual state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Felipe Campos Oliveira
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - David Ulisses Tega
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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11
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Sun J, Yin Y, Li W, Jin O, Na N. CHEMICAL REACTION MONITORING BY AMBIENT MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:70-99. [PMID: 33259644 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions conducted in different media (liquid phase, gas phase, or surface) drive developments of versatile techniques for the detection of intermediates and prediction of reasonable reaction pathways. Without sample pretreatment, ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has been applied to obtain structural information of reactive molecules that differ in polarity and molecular weight. Commercial ion sources (e.g., electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and direct analysis in real-time) have been reported to monitor substrates and products by offline reaction examination. While the interception or characterization of reactive intermediates with short lifetime are still limited by the offline modes. Notably, online ionization technologies, with high tolerance to salt, buffer, and pH, can achieve direct sampling and ionization of on-going reactions conducted in different media (e.g., liquid phase, gas phase, or surface). Therefore, short-lived intermediates could be captured at unprecedented timescales, and the reaction dynamics could be studied for mechanism examinations without sample pretreatments. In this review, via various AMS methods, chemical reaction monitoring and mechanism elucidation for different classifications of reactions have been reviewed. The developments and advances of common ionization methods for offline reaction monitoring will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ouyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Urban RD, Fischer TG, Charvat A, Wink K, Krafft B, Ohla S, Zeitler K, Abel B, Belder D. On-chip mass spectrometric analysis in non-polar solvents by liquid beam infrared matrix-assisted laser dispersion/ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1561-1570. [PMID: 33479818 PMCID: PMC7921053 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
By the on-chip integration of a droplet generator in front of an emitter tip, droplets of non-polar solvents are generated in a free jet of an aqueous matrix. When an IR laser irradiates this free liquid jet consisting of water as the continuous phase and the non-polar solvent as the dispersed droplet phase, the solutes in the droplets are ionized. This ionization at atmospheric pressure enables the mass spectrometric analysis of non-polar compounds with the aid of a surrounding aqueous matrix that absorbs IR light. This works both for non-polar solvents such as n-heptane and for water non-miscible solvents like chloroform. In a proof of concept study, this approach is applied to monitor a photooxidation of N-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. By using water as an infrared absorbing matrix, analytes, dissolved in non-polar solvents from reactions carried out on a microchip, can be desorbed and ionized for investigation by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael D Urban
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tillmann G Fischer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ales Charvat
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., Abteilung Funktionale Oberflächen, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin Wink
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krafft
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ohla
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Zeitler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., Abteilung Funktionale Oberflächen, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Borden SA, Palaty J, Termopoli V, Famiglini G, Cappiello A, Gill CG, Palma P. MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF DRUGS OF ABUSE: CHALLENGES AND EMERGING STRATEGIES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:703-744. [PMID: 32048319 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has been the "gold standard" for drugs of abuse (DoA) analysis for many decades because of the selectivity and sensitivity it affords. Recent progress in all aspects of mass spectrometry has seen significant developments in the field of DoA analysis. Mass spectrometry is particularly well suited to address the rapidly proliferating number of very high potency, novel psychoactive substances that are causing an alarming number of fatalities worldwide. This review surveys advancements in the areas of sample preparation, gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, as well as the rapidly emerging field of ambient ionization mass spectrometry. We have predominantly targeted literature progress over the past ten years and present our outlook for the future. © 2020 Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Borden
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jan Palaty
- LifeLabs Medical Laboratories, Burnaby, BC, V3W 1H8, Canada
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Famiglini
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Achille Cappiello
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Chris G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Pierangela Palma
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Perez‐Toralla K, Olivera‐Torres A, Rose MA, Esfahani AM, Reddy K, Yang R, Morin SA. Facile Production of Large-Area Cell Arrays Using Surface-Assembled Microdroplets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000769. [PMID: 32775160 PMCID: PMC7404142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Techniques that enable the spatial arrangement of living cells into defined patterns are broadly applicable to tissue engineering, drug screening, and cell-cell investigations. Achieving large-scale patterning with single-cell resolution while minimizing cell stress/damage is, however, technically challenging using existing methods. Here, a facile and highly scalable technique for the rational design of reconfigurable arrays of cells is reported. Specifically, microdroplets of cell suspensions are assembled using stretchable surface-chemical patterns which, following incubation, yield ordered arrays of cells. The microdroplets are generated using a microfluidic-based aerosol spray nozzle that enables control of the volume/size of the droplets delivered to the surface. Assembly of the cell-loaded microdroplets is achieved via mechanically induced coalescence using substrates with engineered surface-wettability patterns based on extracellular matrices. Robust cell proliferation inside the patterned areas is demonstrated using standard culture techniques. By combining the scalability of aerosol-based delivery and microdroplet surface assembly with user-defined chemical patterns of controlled functionality, the technique reported here provides an innovative methodology for the scalable generation of large-area cell arrays with flexible geometries and tunable resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Perez‐Toralla
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Present address:
Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en ImmunoanalyseUniversité Paris‐Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif‐sur‐Yvette91191France
| | - Angel Olivera‐Torres
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Mark A. Rose
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Keerthana Reddy
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular CommunicationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Stephen A. Morin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and NanoscienceUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
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Wang Y, Jin Q, Shiea J, Sun W. Wire Desorption Combined with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Direct Analysis of Small Organic and Large Biological Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1656-1664. [PMID: 32559077 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry based on wire desorption and electrospray ionization (WD-ESI) for direct analysis was developed to characterize chemical compounds with different polarities and thermal stabilities at atmospheric pressure. This technique is a variant of the thermal desorption electrospray ion source developed by Shiea et al. One large improvement is that the heating speed (>500 °C/s) of the thermal desorption in this work is extremely fast, using a self-heating metal wire, with which sample solution can splash from the surface to form small droplets and thus the analytes can be protected from thermal decomposition. With this feature, we have successfully achieved soft ionization of highly polar organic and biological compounds such as aflatoxin, small peptides, and even large proteins from complex matrices. The simple structure and self-cleaning capability of the WD-ESI source make it ideal for on-site screening in various applications such as food safety and biodrug testing, especially when coupled with a transportable mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Wang
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wenjian Sun
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, People's Republic of China
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Chen S, Gong X, Tan H, Liu Y, He L, Ouyang J. Study of the noncovalent interactions between phenolic acid and lysozyme by cold spray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS), multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. Talanta 2020; 211:120762. [PMID: 32070628 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the recognition mechanisms of the noncovalent interactions between pharmaceutical molecules and proteins is important for understanding drug delivery in vivo, and for the further rapid screening of clinical drug candidates and biomarkers. In this work, a strategy based on cold spray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS), combined with fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and molecular docking methods, was developed and applied to the study of the noncovalent interactions between phenolic acid and lysozyme (Lys). Based on the real characterization of noncovalent complex, the detailed binding parameters, as well as the protein conformational changes and specific binding sites could be obtained. CSI-MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique were used to investigate the phenolic acid-Lys complexes and the structure-affinity relationship, and to assess their structural composition and gas phase stability. The binding affinity was obtained by direct and indirect MS methods. The fluorescence spectra showed that the intrinsic fluorescence quenching of Lys in solution was a static quenching mechanism caused by complex formation, which supported the MS results. The CD and FTIR spectra revealed that phenolic acid changed the secondary structure of Lys and increased the α-helix content, indicating an increase in the tryptophan (W) hydrophobicity near the protein binding site resulting in a conformational alteration of the protein. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the binding sites and binding modes of phenolic acid on Lys. This strategy can more comprehensively and truly characterize the noncovalent interactions and can guide further research on the interactions of phenolic acid with other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xin Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Lan He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Jin Ouyang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Tian Y, Yu Q, Wang X. Induced Self-aspiration Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Flexible Sampling and Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4600-4606. [PMID: 32096631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) operating in pulse mode can enhance the utilization efficiency of the electrospray ions by a mass spectrometer. Herein, a novel ionization technique called induced self-aspiration-electrospray ionization (ISA-ESI) was developed based on self-aspiration sampling and capacitive induction. The sample solution polarized in a strong electric field was pulsed drawn into a capillary that was connected to a subambient chamber. The sample solution with polarized ions forms a charged liquid column, which can initiate an electrospray when reaching the capillary outlet. In addition to the self-aspiration ability, the use of a constant high voltage supply and no electrical contact with the solution can also simplify the sampling and ionization operation, enabling a convenient ESI mass spectrometry analysis. The developed ISA-ESI source has been used for multidimensional monitoring of chemical reactions as well as liquid extraction surface analysis of plant tissues. It was expected that this special ionization method could be extended to automated high-throughput ESI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Lv Y, Bai H, Yang J, He Y, Ma Q. Direct Mass Spectrometry Analysis Using In-Capillary Dicationic Ionic Liquid-Based in Situ Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Sonic-Spray Ionization. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6661-6668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Lv
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Jingkui Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yujian He
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
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GUO XY, HUANG XM, ZHAI JF, BAI H, LI XX, MA XX, MA Q. Research Advances in Ambient Ionization and Miniature Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Progress of Sonic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Wang Y, Sun J, Qiao J, Ouyang J, Na N. A "Soft" and "Hard" Ionization Method for Comprehensive Studies of Molecules. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14095-14099. [PMID: 30422630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry can be rapidly and directly effective for molecular studies, while there still seems to be a gap between two major groups of electrospray ionization (ESI)- and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-related techniques, for detection of moderately polar to polar and low polar to nonpolar molecules in a relatively low mass range, respectively. Here, an extensively applicable "soft" and "hard" ionization method, spray-dependent plasma mass spectrometry (SDP MS), was established for detecting various molecules with diverse polarities or molecular weights. By SDP MS, both fragment ions and intact molecular ions can be obtained. Significantly, cluster ions of aggregates in high mass range formed by weak molecular interactions can also be well recorded, much softer than traditional ESI MS. By filling the gap between ESI-based and APCI-based ionization techniques, SDP MS would enhance MS performance for comprehensive molecular studies and be extensively applicable in fields of organic synthesis, biological chemistry, medical chemistry, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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Teunissen SF, Eberlin MN. Transferring Ions from Solution to the Gas Phase: The Two Basic Principles. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2255-2261. [PMID: 28856608 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficient formation of gaseous ions is the crucial step in all successful mass spectrometric experiments. The invention of electrospray ionization (ESI) has strongly facilitated this step by transferring preformed ions directly from solution to the gas phase - thereby circumventing the need to first convert analytes to the gas phase and then ionize them - and therefore ESI has become an extremely useful and widely applied MS technique. The invention of sonic spray ionization (SSI) has also allowed for the transfer of ions from solution into the gas phase, but without the assistance of a voltage or heating. Numerous ionization techniques, using similar principles to those applied in either ESI or SSI, have subsequently been developed. Although experimental conditions used in such techniques vary markedly, herein we argue that they are all based on either one of two basic principles by which ions can be transferred from solution to the gas phase, that is: via (1) neutralizing the counter ion, or (2) separating the ions. We have selected 35 such techniques and categorized them accordingly. This article thereby aims to establish the basic principles by which gaseous ions can be obtained from solvated ions. We further propose that any new ionization technique used to transfer solvated ions to the gas phase will similarly fall into one of these two mechanistic categories. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan F Teunissen
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
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23
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Wang Y, Sun M, Qiao J, Ouyang J, Na N. FAD roles in glucose catalytic oxidation studied by multiphase flow of extractive electrospray ionization (MF-EESI) mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2017; 9:594-599. [PMID: 29629123 PMCID: PMC5869319 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the catalytic oxidation of glucose was elucidated by MS using a new extraction and ionization method.
The role of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the catalytic oxidation of glucose was elucidated by MS using a new extraction and ionization method. By a multiphase flow of liquid–gas, extractive electrospray ionization was achieved, and this technique (MF-EESI) decreased the salt-matrix interference effectively, avoided salt crystallizations at the capillary tip and increased ionization efficiency by a concentric-sprayed solvent. Notably, two intermediate complexes of FAD–glucose have been observed and differentiated for the first time using this MF-EESI technique. These intermediate complexes were demonstrated to be responsible for the hydride abstraction from glucose, as well as the cyclic coenzyme conversion of FAD during glucose oxidation. Online monitoring was also employed in MF-EESI, thereby providing a potential and informative tool to scrutinize enzymatic catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
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Mavroudakis L, Mavrakis E, Kouvarakis A, Pergantis SA. Determination of chlorate, perchlorate and bromate anions in water samples by microbore reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:911-918. [PMID: 28370581 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (SSI-MS) has recently been shown to provide similar mass spectra to those generated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for a wide range of compounds, i.e. from small inorganic species to peptides, proteins and numerous other biomolecules. However, limited information about this new ionization technique, such as sensitivity, limit of detection and quantification accuracy, has been reported. In particular, its coupling to liquid chromatography needs further development and assessment, along with the introduction of a broad range of applications. METHODS A high-efficiency glass pneumatic nebulizer, used for decades for sample introduction in atomic spectrometry, was used for the SSI-MS analysis of chlorate (ClO3- ), perchlorate (ClO4- ) and bromate (BrO3- ) anions, following their separation using reversed-phase microbore high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) operated in selected reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS The developed and optimized microbore HPLC/SSI-MS/MS technique exhibited low limits of detection: 5.3 ng L-1 for chlorate, 10 ng L-1 for perchlorate and 33.7 ng L-1 for bromate, and provided reliable and accurate measurements of chlorate concentrations in water samples as demonstrated when comparing it with Ion Chromatography-Conductivity Detection (IC-CD), the benchmark technique for ion quantitation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time that the use of HPLC/SSI-MS/MS has been reported for the detection and quantitation of chlorate, perchlorate and bromate in water samples. In addition, the exceptionally low LODs achieved using SSI render the technique competitive with the established and dominating electrospray ionization technique. Here, we have demonstrated that a commercially available high-efficiency glass pneumatic nebulizer can also be used, without any further modification, as an efficient gas-phase ion source. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Mavroudakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Mavrakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Antonis Kouvarakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Spiros A Pergantis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
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Yu Q, Zhang J, Ni K, Qian X, Wang X. Characterization and application of a self-aspirating electrospray source with pneumatic-assisted ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:109-115. [PMID: 28074623 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A single gas-assisted electrospray ion source developed for ambient mass spectrometry is introduced in this paper. Simultaneous self-aspiration and electrospray could be achieved by using a constant sheath gas flow supplied from a mini air pump. A gas dynamic study of the spray module is carried out for structural optimization. The entire device exhibits a simplified design and has been systematically characterized through both simulated and experimental investigations. According to the results, the ion source exhibited satisfactory stability and the ability for quantitative operation in routine electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the ion source can be operated as a desorption electrospray ionization source to perform direct desorption/ionization of the solid samples. The versatile source described here appears to provide a practical approach to perform ambient mass spectrometry analysis with unrestricted sampling operation, and the extensive gas dynamic studies together with the experimental characterization are believed to be helpful in building self-aspirating spray devices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Taoyuan Steet, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - J Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Taoyuan Steet, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - K Ni
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Taoyuan Steet, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - X Qian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Taoyuan Steet, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - X Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Taoyuan Steet, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, Qinghuayuan Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
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Surface-coated wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for determination of trace fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics in water. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 954:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Enhanced aerodynamic reach of vapor and aerosol sampling for real-time mass spectrometric detection using Venturi-assisted entrainment and ionization. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 957:20-28. [PMID: 28107830 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Venturi-assisted ENTrainment and Ionization (VENTI) was developed, demonstrating efficient entrainment, collection, and transport of remotely sampled vapors, aerosols, and dust particulate for real-time mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Integrating the Venturi and Coandă effects at multiple locations generated flow and analyte transport from non-proximate locations and more importantly enhanced the aerodynamic reach at the point of collection. Transport through remote sampling probes up to 2.5 m in length was achieved with residence times on the order of 10-2 s to 10-1 s and Reynolds numbers on the order of 103 to 104. The Venturi-assisted entrainment successfully enhanced vapor collection and detection by greater than an order of magnitude at 20 cm stand-off (limit of simple suction). This enhancement is imperative, as simple suction restricts sampling to the immediate vicinity, requiring close proximity to the vapor source. In addition, the overall aerodynamic reach distance was increased by approximately 3-fold over simple suction under the investigated conditions. Enhanced aerodynamic reach was corroborated and observed with laser-light sheet flow visualization and schlieren imaging. Coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), the detection of a range of volatile chemical vapors; explosive vapors; explosive, narcotic, and mustard gas surrogate (methyl salicylate) aerosols; and explosive dust particulate was demonstrated. Continuous real-time Venturi-assisted monitoring of a large room (approximately 90 m2 area, 570 m3 volume) was demonstrated for a 60-min period without the remote sampling probe, exhibiting detection of chemical vapors and methyl salicylate at approximately 3 m stand-off distances within 2 min of exposure.
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Duncan KD, Bergman HM, Lanekoff I. A pneumatically assisted nanospray desorption electrospray ionization source for increased solvent versatility and enhanced metabolite detection from tissue. Analyst 2017; 142:3424-3431. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pneumatically assisted nano-DESI offers improved sensitivity for metabolite species by 1–3 orders of magnitude through more complete desolvation and reduced ionization suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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30
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Pervukhin VV, Sheven’ DG. A mass-spectrometric study of the aqueous solutions of opiates with their ionization in a collison nebulizer. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816090112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Jia B, Zhang S, Yan L, He S, Liu B, Shen H, Yang P. Self-aspiration sampling extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) for high-throughput analysis of liquid samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:56-61. [PMID: 27539416 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) was invented as a typical ambient mass spectrometry method (AMS) and has been used for analyzing complex liquid samples. Here, we designed a Venturi effect-based self-aspiration sampling device and applied it to the EESI-MS for high-throughput analysis of liquid sample. METHODS A special concentric nebulizer was designed and employed to produce a suction force for the direct aspiration of liquid samples, followed by ionization and detection. This sample aspiration process was explained and optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Experiment data were recorded to exhibit the sensitivity, memory effect, inter-day reproducibility, throughput, and applicability of the self-aspiration sampling EESI-MS. RESULTS The limit of detection (LOD) of this method was determined as 4.5 × 10(-10) g/mL (S/N = 3) for caffeine, and the sample throughput and relative standard deviation (RSD) for full scan mode can reach 0.67 samples/s and 4.76%, respectively. Even for MS/MS mode, the frequency can still be kept at 0.4 samples/s (RSD = 4.71%). Inter-day RSD examined in 1 week was below 10% for the signal of characteristic fragment ions of reserpine. Moreover, based on this method, the amount of caffeine in instant coffee was determined as 4.7%. This device was also proven to be suitable for the protein/peptide analysis. CONCLUSIONS These experiment results, especially the amazing results on sample throughput and inter-day RSD, suggest that we provide a valuable device which can be used for the direct high-throughput qualitative/quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of real liquid samples in ambient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shoubo He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huali Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Jansson ET, Dulay MT, Zare RN. Monitoring Enzymatic Reactions in Real Time Using Venturi Easy Ambient Sonic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6195-8. [PMID: 27249533 PMCID: PMC4917919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a technique to monitor spatially confined surface reactions with mass spectrometry under ambient conditions, without the need for voltage or organic solvents. Fused-silica capillaries immersed in an aqueous solution, positioned in close proximity to each other and the functionalized surface, created a laminar flow junction with a resulting reaction volume of ∼5 pL. The setup was operated with a syringe pump, delivering reagents to the surface through a fused-silica capillary. The other fused-silica capillary was connected to a Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization source, sampling the resulting analytes at a slightly higher flow rate compared to the feeding capillary. The combined effects of the inflow and outflow maintains a chemical microenvironment, where the rate of advective transport overcomes diffusion. We show proof-of-concept where acetylcholinesterase was immobilized on an organosiloxane polymer through electrostatic interactions. The hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase into choline was monitored in real-time for a range of acetylcholine concentrations, fused-silica capillary geometries, and operating flow rates. Higher reaction rates and conversion yields were observed with increasing acetylcholine concentrations, as would be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University , SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria T Dulay
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Chen TR, Urban PL. Mass spectrometry-guided refinement of chemical energy buffers. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20150812. [PMID: 27436961 PMCID: PMC4950186 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic reactions often require supplying chemical energy and phosphate groups in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Auxiliary enzymes can be used to convert a reaction by-product-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-back to ATP. By employing real-time mass spectrometry (RTMS), one can gain an insight into inter-conversions of reactants in multi-enzyme reaction systems and optimize the reaction conditions. In this study, temporal traces of ions corresponding to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), ADP and ATP provided vital information that could be used to adjust activities of the 'buffering enzymes'. Using the RTMS results as a feedback, we also characterized a bienzymatic energy buffer that enables the recovery of ATP in the cases where it is directly hydrolysed to AMP in the main enzymatic reaction. The significance of careful selection of enzyme activities-guided by RTMS-is exemplified in the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase in the presence of a buffering enzyme, pyruvate kinase. Relative activities of the two enzymes, present in the reaction mixture, influence biosynthetic reaction yields. This observation supports the conclusion that optimization of chemical energy recycling procedures is critical for the biosynthetic reaction economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.-R. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - P. L. Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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34
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A simpler sampling interface of venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry for high-throughput screening enzyme inhibitors. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 913:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Correa DN, Santos JM, Eberlin LS, Eberlin MN, Teunissen SF. Forensic Chemistry and Ambient Mass Spectrometry: A Perfect Couple Destined for a Happy Marriage? Anal Chem 2016; 88:2515-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deleon N. Correa
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Technical-Scientific Police Superintendence—IC-SPTC-SP, São Paulo, São Paulo 05507-06, Brazil
| | - Jandyson M. Santos
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 United States
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sebastiaan F. Teunissen
- ThoMSon
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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36
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Porcari AM, Fernandes GD, Barrera-Arellano D, Eberlin MN, Alberici RM. Food quality and authenticity screening via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:1172-84. [PMID: 26820190 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the first to summarize a decade of studies testing the use of easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) and its several sister techniques, Venturi (V-EASI), thermal imprinting (TI-EASI) and Spartan (S-EASI) mass spectrometry in food quality control and authentication. Since minimal or no sample preparation is required, such ambient desorption/ionization techniques have been shown to provide direct, fast and selective fingerprinting characterization at the molecular level based on the pools of the most typical components. They have also been found to be applicable on intact, undisturbed samples or on simple solvent extracts. Fundamentals of EASI-MS and its sister techniques, including mechanisms, devices, parameters and strategies, as well as the many applications reported for food analysis, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Porcari
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Ambient ionization source, thermal bursting ionization (TBI), was characterized for complex liquid sample analysis with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
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Yang Y, Han F, Ouyang J, Zhao Y, Han J, Na N. In-situ nanoelectrospray for high-throughput screening of enzymes and real-time monitoring of reactions. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 902:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Santos JM, Vendramini PH, Schwab NV, Eberlin MN, de Morais DR. A dopant for improved sensitivity in easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:53-61. [PMID: 26757072 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 3-nitrobenzonitrile (3-NBN) has been used to improve sensitivity of sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (EASI) is one of the simplest, gentlest and most used spray-based desorption/ionization ambient techniques, but limited sensitivity has been commonly taken as its major drawback. Herein we investigate the use of 3-NBN as a dopant in EASI-MS for improved sensitivity. Using a few typical EASI samples as test cases, the presence of 10 ppm (µg ml(-1) ) of 3-NBN in the spray solvent showed two to fourfold gains in EASI-MS sensitivity as measured both by total ion current and S/N ratios, accompanied with significant reductions in chemical noise. Sensitivity for DESI using 3-NBN as a dopant also improved and dopant DESI versus dopant EASI sensitivities were compared. The use of solvent dopants seems therefore to be a promising strategy to improve sensitivity for spray-based ambient MS techniques. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandyson M Santos
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Vendramini
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nicolas V Schwab
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Damila R de Morais
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
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40
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Yu C, Qian X, Chen Y, Yu Q, Ni K, Wang X. Microfluidic self-aspiration sonic-spray ionization chip with single and dual ionization channels for mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07959h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In consideration of the miniaturization, integration, and universal disadvantages of microfluidic chip-based ionization coupled with mass spectrometry, this study proposed a novel microfluidic self-aspiration sonic-spray ionization chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilong Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Kai Ni
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- China
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41
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Three-Dimensional Electro-Sonic Flow Focusing Ionization Microfluidic Chip for Mass Spectrometry. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Liu XP, Wang HY, Zhang JT, Wu MX, Qi WS, Zhu H, Guo YL. Direct and Convenient Mass Spectrometry Sampling with Ambient Flame Ionization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16893. [PMID: 26582511 PMCID: PMC4652273 DOI: 10.1038/srep16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent innovations in ambient ionization technology for the direct analysis of various samples in their native environment facilitate the development and applications of mass spectrometry in natural science. Presented here is a novel, convenient and flame-based ambient ionization method for mass spectrometric analysis of organic compounds, termed as the ambient flame ionization (AFI) ion source. The key features of AFI ion source were no requirement of (high) voltages, laser beams and spray gases, but just using small size of n-butane flame (height approximately 1 cm, about 500 (o)C) to accomplish the rapid desorption and ionization for direct analysis of gaseous-, liquid- and solid-phase organic compounds, as well as real-world samples. This method has high sensitivity with a limit of detection of 1 picogram for propyphenazone, which allows consuming trace amount of samples. Compared to previous ionization methods, this ion source device is extremely simple, maintain-free, low-cost, user-friendly so that even an ordinary lighter (with n-butane as fuel) can achieve efficient ionization. A new orientation to mass spectrometry ion source exploitation might emerge from such a convenient, easy and inexpensive AFI ion source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Hao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Jun-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Meng-Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Wan-Shu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
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Ifa DR, Eberlin LS. Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Cancer Diagnosis and Surgical Margin Evaluation. Clin Chem 2015; 62:111-23. [PMID: 26555455 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.237172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a clinical need for new technologies that would enable rapid disease diagnosis based on diagnostic molecular signatures. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has revolutionized the means by which molecular information can be obtained from tissue samples in real time and with minimal sample pretreatment. New developments in ambient ionization techniques applied to clinical research suggest that ambient ionization mass spectrometry will soon become a routine medical tool for tissue diagnosis. CONTENT This review summarizes the main developments in ambient ionization techniques applied to tissue analysis, with focus on desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, probe electrospray ionization, touch spray, and rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry. We describe their applications to human cancer research and surgical margin evaluation, highlighting integrated approaches tested for ex vivo and in vivo human cancer tissue analysis. We also discuss the challenges for clinical implementation of these tools and offer perspectives on the future of the field. SUMMARY A variety of studies have showcased the value of ambient ionization mass spectrometry for rapid and accurate cancer diagnosis. Small molecules have been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, including metabolites, fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids. Statistical analysis allows tissue discrimination with high accuracy rates (>95%) being common. This young field has challenges to overcome before it is ready to be broadly accepted as a medical tool for cancer diagnosis. Growing research in new, integrated ambient ionization mass spectrometry technologies and the ongoing improvements in the existing tools make this field very promising for future translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian R Ifa
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
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Liu N, Lu X, Yang Y, Yao CX, Ning B, He D, He L, Ouyang J. Monitoring binding affinity between drug and α1-acid glycoprotein in real time by Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 143:240-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ingram AJ, Boeser CL, Zare RN. Going beyond electrospray: mass spectrometric studies of chemical reactions in and on liquids. Chem Sci 2015; 7:39-55. [PMID: 28757996 PMCID: PMC5508663 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed and applied ionization techniques have brought mass spectrometry to bear on previously inaccessible chemistry. We offer our perspective on this field and its application for studying reaction mechanisms.
There has been a burst in the number and variety of available ionization techniques to use mass spectrometry to monitor chemical reactions in and on liquids. Chemists have gained the capability to access chemistry at unprecedented timescales, and monitor reactions and detect intermediates under almost any set of conditions. Herein, recently developed ionization techniques that facilitate mechanistic studies of chemical processes are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of our perspective on the judicious application of these and similar techniques in order to study reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ingram
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | | | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
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Hsieh KT, Liu PH, Urban PL. Automated on-line liquid–liquid extraction system for temporal mass spectrometric analysis of dynamic samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 894:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Ambient ionization MS has become very popular in analytical science and has now evolved as an effective analytical tool in metabolomics, biological tissue imaging, protein and small molecule drug analysis, where biological samples are probed in a rapid and direct fashion with minimal sample preparation at ambient conditions. However, certain inherent challenges continue to hinder the vibrant prospects of these methods for in situ analyses or to replace conventional methods in bioanalysis. This review provides an introduction to the field and its application in bioanalysis, with an emphasis on the most recent developments and applications. Furthermore, ongoing challenges or limitations related to quantitation, sensitivity, selectivity, instrumentation and mass range of these ambient methods will also be discussed.
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49
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Pervukhin VV, Sheven DG, Kolomiets YN. Ionization of solutions using mechanical spray in collison nebulizer: A new simple ion source for mass-spectrometric analysis. Talanta 2015; 138:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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50
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Barcelos RC, Zeoly LA, Rodrigues MT, Ferreira BRV, Eberlin MN, Coelho F. Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts as building blocks of heterocycles: a simple approach to 4-substituted pyrazolones, and mechanism investigation via ESI–MS(/MS). MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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