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Mollasalehi N, Francois-Moutal L, Porciani D, Burke DH, Khanna M. Aptamers Targeting Hallmark Proteins of Neurodegeneration. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:235-250. [PMID: 35452303 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a progressive deterioration of neural structures leading to cognitive or motor impairment of the affected patient. There is still no effective therapy for any of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Although NDs exhibit distinct clinical characteristics, many are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins or peptide fragments in the brain and/or spinal cord. The presence of similar inclusion bodies in patients with diverse NDs provides a rationale for developing therapies directed at overlapping disease mechanisms. A novel targeting strategy involves the use of aptamers for therapeutic development. Aptamers are short nucleic acid ligands able to recognize molecular targets with high specificity and high affinity. Despite the fact that several academic groups have shown that aptamers have the potential to be used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications, their clinical translation is still limited. In this study, we describe aptamers that have been developed against proteins relevant to NDs, including prion protein and amyloid beta (Aβ), cell surface receptors and other cytoplasmic proteins. This review also describes advances in the application of these aptamers in imaging, protein detection, and protein quantification, and it provides insights about their accelerated clinical use for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Liberty Francois-Moutal
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David Porciani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Donald H Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - May Khanna
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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2
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Aithal S, Mishriki S, Gupta R, Sahu RP, Botos G, Tanvir S, Hanson RW, Puri IK. SARS-CoV-2 detection with aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Talanta 2022; 236:122841. [PMID: 34635231 PMCID: PMC8409056 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A rapid detection test for SARS-CoV-2 is urgently required to monitor virus spread and containment. Here, we describe a test that uses nanoprobes, which are gold nanoparticles functionalized with an aptamer specific to the spike membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirms aptamer binding with the spike protein on gold surfaces. Protein recognition occurs by adding a coagulant, where nanoprobes with no bound protein agglomerate while those with sufficient bound protein do not. Using plasmon absorbance spectra, the nanoprobes detect 16 nM and higher concentrations of spike protein in phosphate-buffered saline. The time-varying light absorbance is examined at 540 nm to determine the critical coagulant concentration required to agglomerates the nanoprobes, which depends on the protein concentration. This approach detects 3540 genome copies/μl of inactivated SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsa Aithal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh P Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Botos
- Genemis Laboratories, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada; Aptavid, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ishwar K Puri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Ma J, Wang X, Feng J, Huang C, Fan Z. Individual Plasmonic Nanoprobes for Biosensing and Bioimaging: Recent Advances and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004287. [PMID: 33522074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of nanofabrication techniques, plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs) have been widely applied in various research fields ranging from photocatalysis to chemical and bio-sensing. PNPs efficiently convert chemical or physical stimuli in their local environment into optical signals. PNPs also have excellent properties, including good biocompatibility, large surfaces for the attachment of biomolecules, tunable optical properties, strong and stable scattering light, and good conductivity. Thus, single optical biosensors with plasmonic properties enable a broad range of uses of optical imaging techniques in biological sensing and imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. This work provides a comprehensive overview on the optical properties of single PNPs, the description of five types of commonly used optical imaging techniques, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique, differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, total internal reflection scattering (TIRS) microscopy, and dark-field microscopy (DFM) technique, with an emphasis on their single plasmonic nanoprobes and mechanisms for applications in biological imaging and sensing, as well as the challenges and future trends of these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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4
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Guan B, Zhang X. Aptamers as Versatile Ligands for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1059-1071. [PMID: 32110008 PMCID: PMC7035142 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are a class of targeting ligands that bind exclusively to biomarkers of interest. Aptamers have been identified as candidates for the construction of various smart systems for therapy, diagnosis, bioimaging, and drug delivery due to their high target affinity and specificity. Aptamers are accounted as chemical antibodies that can be readily linked to drugs, sensors, signal enhancers, or nanocarriers for functionalization. Use of aptamer-guided medications, especially nanomedicines, has resulted in encouraging outcomes compared to those use of aptamer-free counterparts. This article reviews recent advances in the use of aptamers as targeting ligands for various biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes. Special interests focus on aptamer-based theranostics, biosensing, bioimaging, drug potentiation, and targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhang Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhang J, Lan T, Lu Y. Molecular Engineering of Functional Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials toward In Vivo Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801158. [PMID: 30725526 PMCID: PMC6426685 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology and engineering have generated many nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, numerous nanomaterials are introduced into many research areas, such as sensors for environmental monitoring, food safety, point-of-care diagnostics, and as transducers for solar energy transfer. Meanwhile, functional nucleic acids (FNAs), including nucleic acid enzymes, aptamers, and aptazymes, have attracted major attention from the biomedical community due to their unique target recognition and catalytic properties. Benefiting from the recent progress of molecular engineering strategies, the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are endowed by the target recognition and catalytic activity of FNAs in the presence of a target analyte, resulting in numerous smart nanoprobes for diverse applications including intracellular imaging, drug delivery, in vivo imaging, and tumor therapy. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in designing and engineering FNA-based nanomaterials, highlighting the functional outcomes toward in vivo applications. The challenges and opportunities for the future translation of FNA-based nanomaterials into clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tian Lan
- GlucoSentient, Inc., 2100 S. Oak Street Suite 101, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Han X, Xu K, Taratula O, Farsad K. Applications of nanoparticles in biomedical imaging. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:799-819. [PMID: 30603750 PMCID: PMC8112886 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07769j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An urgent need for early detection and diagnosis of diseases continuously pushes the advancements of imaging modalities and contrast agents. Current challenges remain for fast and detailed imaging of tissue microstructures and lesion characterization that could be achieved via development of nontoxic contrast agents with longer circulation time. Nanoparticle technology offers this possibility. Here, we review nanoparticle-based contrast agents employed in most common biomedical imaging modalities, including fluorescence imaging, MRI, CT, US, PET and SPECT, addressing their structure related features, advantages and limitations. Furthermore, their applications in each imaging modality are also reviewed using commonly studied examples. Future research will investigate multifunctional nanoplatforms to address safety, efficacy and theranostic capabilities. Nanoparticles as imaging contrast agents have promise to greatly benefit clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Han
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001 P. R. China.
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7
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Que YM, Fan XQ, Lin XJ, Jiang XL, Hu PP, Tong XY, Tan QY. Size dependent anti-invasiveness of silver nanoparticles in lung cancer cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21134-21138. [PMID: 35521328 PMCID: PMC9066013 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03662h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of cancer cell death caused by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes is investigated. Compared with the larger nanoparticles, 13 nm AgNPs significantly inhibit the migration and invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, induce elevated reactive oxygen species and lead to NF-κB directed cellular apoptosis. Size-dependent anti-invasiveness effect of AgNPs was determined using A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The 13 nm AgNPs can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of A549 cells and induce the elevated level of ROS and NF-κB directed cell apoptosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei Que
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- PR China
| | - Xiao Qing Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Institute of Surgery Research
- Daping Hospital
- Army Medical University
- Chongqing 400042
| | - Xiao Juan Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- PR China
| | - Xiao Li Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- PR China
| | - Ping Ping Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- PR China
| | - Xiao Yong Tong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- PR China
| | - Qun You Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Institute of Surgery Research
- Daping Hospital
- Army Medical University
- Chongqing 400042
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8
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Yoon S, Rossi JJ. Aptamers: Uptake mechanisms and intracellular applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 134:22-35. [PMID: 29981799 PMCID: PMC7126894 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The structural flexibility and small size of aptamers enable precise recognition of cellular elements for imaging and therapeutic applications. The process by which aptamers are taken into cells depends on their targets but is typically clathrin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis. After internalization, most aptamers are transported to endosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and occasionally mitochondria and autophagosomes. Intracellular aptamers, or “intramers,” have versatile functions ranging from intracellular RNA imaging, gene regulation, and therapeutics to allosteric modulation, which we discuss in this review. Immune responses to therapeutic aptamers and the effects of G-quadruplex structure on aptamer function are also discussed.
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Xiang LJ, Zhang HH, Li H, Kong L, Zhou HP, Wu JY, Tian YP, Zhang J, Mao YF. A specific HeLa cell-labelled and lysosome-targeted upconversion fluorescent probe: PEG-modified Sr 2YbF 7:Tm 3+ . NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18861-18866. [PMID: 29177302 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, water-soluble PEG-modified Sr2YbF7:Tm3+ was prepared conveniently by a one-pot solvothermal method, where the molar ratio of Sr2+ to Yb3+ was controlled between 3 : 2 and 1 : 1. The optimum red-light emission at 677-699 nm was modulated via 0.7% Tm3+ doped under irradiation at 980 nm. Interestingly, biological experimental results showed that the PEG-modified Sr2YbF7:Tm3+ with low toxicity, excellent cell membrane permeability and high photostability can not only distinguish HeLa cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts but also target the subcellular organelle lysosome in HeLa cells; therefore it can be anticipated that the as-prepared material would be a potential tool for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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10
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Bouvier-Müller A, Ducongé F. Nucleic acid aptamers for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochimie 2017; 145:73-83. [PMID: 29104136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases represents a huge challenge for societies. These diseases are characterized by neuronal death and include several different pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Most of these pathologies are often associated with the aggregation of misfolded proteins, such as amyloid-ß, tau, α-synuclein, huntingtin and prion proteins. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction and death in these diseases remain poorly understood. Nucleic acid aptamers represent a new class of ligands that could be useful to better understand these diseases and develop better diagnosis and therapy. In this review, several of these aptamers are presented as well as their applications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Bouvier-Müller
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institute of Biology François Jacob (Jacob), Molecular Imaging Research Center, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Ducongé
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division (DRF), Institute of Biology François Jacob (Jacob), Molecular Imaging Research Center, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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11
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Chen LQ, Ding CZ, Ling J. Intensive epidermal adsorption and specific venous deposition of carboxyl quantum dots in zebrafish early-life stages. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:44-52. [PMID: 28578195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To properly assess the environmental risk of quantum dots (QDs), it is necessary to determine their fate in living organisms, including adsorption, distribution and bioaccumulation under representative environmental or physiological conditions. We comprehensively investigated the fate of QDs with carboxyl terminal functional groups (carboxyl-QDs) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo and larvae subjected to either waterborne exposure or cardiovascular system microinjection. On waterborne exposure, carboxyl-QDs exhibited an intensive adsorption and accumulation in the chorion of embryos, and their predominate target organs were the gill and intestinal tract in larvae. On microinjection, carboxyl-QDs were rapidly delivered into the cardiovascular system and specifically deposited in veins and the capillary network system of zebrafish larvae, but not in the arterial system. Taken together, we found that the exact tissue condition including epidermal structures, mucus secretion and vascular microstructures strongly affected the adsorption, uptake and distribution of carboxyl-QDs in zebrafish. This work highlights the intensive tissue epidermal adsorption and accumulation of carboxyl-QDs and their specific vein and capillary deposition in the cardiovascular system in zebrafish early-life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiang Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Zhi Ding
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ling
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
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12
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Kong L, Tian XH, Wang H, Gao YH, Zhang Q, Yang JX, Zhou HP, Zhang SY, Tian YP. Coordination coupling enhanced two-photon absorption of a ZnS-based microhybrid for two-photon microscopy imaging in HepG2. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7901-7910. [PMID: 28569313 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08883j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coordination coupling induced self-assembly of ZnS microparticles was performed with the help of a π-conjugated sulphur-terminal Zn(ii) complex ZnS2L (L = N-hexyl-3-{2-[4-2,2':6',2''-terpyridin-4'-yl-phenyl]ethenyl}-carbazole). The interactions between ZnS and ZnS2L components at the interface, which were analyzed by far-IR and XPS, resulted in a tunable single-photon excited fluorescence and an enhanced nonlinear optical response, including a two-photon absorption cross section and a two-photon excited fluorescence. Such an enhancement in nonlinear optical properties was triggered by the coordination coupling effect between terminal S atoms of ZnS2L and naked Zn2+ ions at the surface of ZnS particles. Thus, the novel hybrid system displayed a unique two-photon excited fluorescence to facilitate promising two-photon microscopy imaging of HepG2 cells upon NIR light illumination at 840 nm. The hybrid shows a stronger ability to enter the cells than free ZnS2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, P. R. China.
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13
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Urmann K, Modrejewski J, Scheper T, Walter JG. Aptamer-modified nanomaterials: principles and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bnm-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAptamers are promising alternative binders that can substitute antibodies in various applications. Due to the advantages of aptamers, namely their high affinity, specificity and stability, along with the benefits originating from the chemical synthesis of aptamers, they have attracted attention in various applications including their use on nanostructured material. This necessitates the immobilization of aptamers on a solid support. Since aptamer immobilization may interfere with its binding properties, the immobilization of aptamers has to be investigated and optimized. Within this review, we give general insights into the principles and factors controlling the binding affinity of immobilized aptamers. Specific features of aptamer immobilization on nanostructured surfaces and nanoparticles are highlighted and a brief overview of applications of aptamer-modified nanostructured materials is given.
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14
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Dahoumane SA, Wujcik EK, Jeffryes C. Noble metal, oxide and chalcogenide-based nanomaterials from scalable phototrophic culture systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 95:13-27. [PMID: 27866608 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phototrophic cell or tissue cultures can produce nanostructured noble metals, oxides and chalcogenides at ambient temperatures and pressures in an aqueous environment and without the need for potentially toxic solvents or the generation of dangerous waste products. These "green" synthesized nanobiomaterials can be used to fabricate biosensors and bio-reporting tools, theranostic vehicles, medical imaging agents, as well as tissue engineering scaffolds and biomaterials. While successful at the lab and experimental scales, significant barriers still inhibit the development of higher capacity processes. While scalability issues in traditional algal bioprocess engineering are well known, such as the controlled delivery of photons and gas-exchange, the large-scale algal synthesis of nanomaterials introduces additional parameters to be understood, i.e., nanoparticle (NP) formation kinetics and mechanisms, biological transport of metal cations and the effect of environmental conditions on the final form of the NPs. Only after a clear understanding of the kinetics and mechanisms can the strain selection, photobioreactor type, medium pH and ionic strength, mean light intensity and other relevant parameters be specified for an optimal bioprocess. To this end, this mini-review will examine the current best practices and understanding of these phenomena to establish a path forward for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Amar Dahoumane
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Evan K Wujcik
- Materials Engineering and Nanosensor (MEAN) Laboratory, Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
| | - Clayton Jeffryes
- Nanobiomaterials and Bioprocessing (NAB) Laboratory, Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA.
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15
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Wang X, Song P, Peng L, Tong A, Xiang Y. Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles Containing DNA Aptamers for Targeted Cell Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:609-16. [PMID: 26653325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Conventional fluorophores usually undergo aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), which limits the loading amount of these fluorophores in nanoparticles for bright fluorescence imaging. On the contrary, fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics are strongly fluorescent in their aggregate states and have been an ideal platform for developing highly fluorescent nanomaterials, such as fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs). In this work, AIE luminogens based on salicylaldehyde hydrazones were embedded in silica nanoparticles through a facile noncovalent approach, which afforded AIE-FSNPs emitting much brighter fluorescence than that of some commercial fluorescein-doped silica and polystyrene nanoparticles. These AIE-FSNPs displaying multiple fluorescence colors were fabricated by a general method, and they underwent much less fluorescence variation due to environmental pH changes compared with fluorescein-hybridized FSNPs. In addition, a DNA aptamer specific to nucleolin was functionalized on the surface of AIE-FSNPs for targeted cell imaging. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry studies both revealed highly selective fluorescence staining of MCF-7 (a cancer cell line with nucleolin overexpression) over MCF-10A (normal) cells by the aptamer-functionalized AIE-FSNPs. The fluorescence imaging in different color channels was achieved using AIE-FSNPs containing each of the AIE luminogens, as well as photoactivatable fluorescent imaging of target cells by the caged AIE fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Panshu Song
- National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aijun Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Mal J, Nancharaiah YV, van Hullebusch ED, Lens PNL. Metal chalcogenide quantum dots: biotechnological synthesis and applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08447h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal chalcogenide (metal sulfide, selenide and telluride) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable attention due to their quantum confinement and size-dependent photoemission characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mal
- UNESCO-IHE
- Delft
- The Netherlands
- Biofouling and Biofilm Process Section
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division
| | - Y. V. Nancharaiah
- UNESCO-IHE
- Delft
- The Netherlands
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE)
| | - E. D. van Hullebusch
- Biofouling and Biofilm Process Section
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Kalpakkam-603102
- India
| | - P. N. L. Lens
- UNESCO-IHE
- Delft
- The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Tampere University of Technology
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17
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Qu Q, Ma X, Zhao Y. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin to mitochondria using mesoporous silica nanoparticle nanocarriers. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:16677-86. [PMID: 26400067 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A lot of investigations have been conducted using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) functionalized with different targeting ligands in order to deliver various hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs to targeted cancer cells. However, the utilization of MSNPs to deliver drug molecules to targeted subcellular organelles has been rarely reported. In this work, we applied targeting ligand-conjugated MSNPs with an average diameter of 80 nm to deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to mitochondria. Triphenoylphosphonium (TPP) was functionalized on MSNPs as a mitochondria targeting ligand. Mitochondria targeting efficiency was demonstrated in HeLa cells by a co-localization study of mitochondria and functionalized MSNPs as well as by fluorescence analysis in isolated mitochondria. In addition, enhanced cancer cell killing efficacy was achieved when using DOX-loaded and TPP-functionalized MSNPs for mitochondria-targeted delivery. Lowered adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were observed, demonstrating the mitochondria dysfunction caused by delivered DOX. The positive results indicate promising application potential of MSNPs in targeted subcellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Qu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore.
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18
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Moody PR, Sayers EJ, Magnusson JP, Alexander C, Borri P, Watson P, Jones AT. Receptor Crosslinking: A General Method to Trigger Internalization and Lysosomal Targeting of Therapeutic Receptor:Ligand Complexes. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1888-98. [PMID: 26412588 PMCID: PMC4700114 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unmet clinical need is a universal method for subcellular targeting of bioactive molecules to lysosomes. Delivery to this organelle enables either degradation of oncogenic receptors that are overexpressed in cancers, or release of prodrugs from antibody–drug conjugates. Here, we describe a general method that uses receptor crosslinking to trigger endocytosis and subsequently redirect trafficking of receptor:cargo complexes from their expected route, to lysosomes. By incubation of plasma membrane receptors with biotinylated cargo and subsequent addition of streptavidin to crosslink receptor:cargo–biotin complexes, we achieved rapid and selective lysosomal targeting of transferrin, an anti-MHC class I antibody, and the clinically approved anti-Her2 antibody trastuzumab. These three protein ligands each target a receptor with a distinct cellular function and intracellular trafficking profile. Importantly, we confirmed that crosslinking of trastuzumab increased lysosomal degradation of its cognate oncogenic receptor Her2 in breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and BT474. These data suggest that crosslinking could be exploited for a wide range of target receptors, for navigating therapeutics through the endolysosomal pathway, for significant therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Moody
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Edward J Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | | | | | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Peter Watson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
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19
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Wiraja C, Yeo DC, Chew SY, Xu C. Molecular beacon-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for non-invasive imaging of mRNA expression. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6148-6156. [PMID: 32262733 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of intracellular mRNA expression is invaluable for understanding cellular signaling activities, identifying disease stages, and monitoring the gene expression pattern of therapeutic cells during their culture, expansion and/or differentiation process. Previous methods suffer from the need to disrupt the biological samples to perform polymerase chain reaction analysis which can be laborious, fragmented and destructive. Herein, we develop a mRNA nanosensor based on the sustained release of mRNA-specific molecular beacons (probes that fluoresce upon hybridization) from the biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles. Post cellular internalization, the particles gradually degrade and release the encapsulated probes which are initially weakly fluorescent. When the released probes meet and hybridize with target mRNA, they restore pre-quenched fluorescence. By virtue of quantifying the fluorescence intensity, we can estimate the cellular mRNA expression. As a case study, β-actin mRNA expression in mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a 3D matrix was monitored and compared with those cultured on a 2D plate for one week. Critically, the observed expression profile shows a great correlation with the established quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
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20
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McConnell EM, Holahan MR, DeRosa MC. Aptamers as promising molecular recognition elements for diagnostics and therapeutics in the central nervous system. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 24:388-404. [PMID: 25296265 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide aptamers are short, synthetic, single-stranded DNA or RNA able to recognize and bind to a multitude of targets ranging from small molecules to cells. Aptamers have emerged as valuable tools for fundamental research, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Due to their small size, strong target affinity, lack of immunogenicity, and ease of chemical modification, aptamers are an attractive alternative to other molecular recognition elements, such as antibodies. Although it is a challenging environment, the central nervous system and related molecular targets present an exciting potential area for aptamer research. Aptamers hold promise for targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Here we review recent advances in aptamer research for neurotransmitter and neurotoxin targets, demyelinating disease and spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular disorders, pathologies related to protein aggregation (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prions), brain cancer (glioblastomas and gliomas), and regulation of receptor function. Challenges and limitations posed by the blood brain barrier are described. Future perspectives for the application of aptamers to the central nervous system are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McConnell
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Zafar S, Schmitz M, Younus N, Tahir W, Shafiq M, Llorens F, Ferrer I, Andéoletti O, Zerr I. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Subtype-Specific Regional and Temporal Regulation of ADP Ribosylation Factor-1-Dependent Rho/MLC Pathway at Pre-Clinical Stage. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:329-48. [PMID: 25896910 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Small GTPases of the Arf family mainly activate the formation of coated carrier vesicles. We showed that class-I Arf1 interacts specifically with full length GPI-anchored cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Several recent reports have also demonstrated a missing link between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi-complex role for proper folding, but the exact molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we identified and characterized the interactive role of Arf1 during PrP(C) intracellular distribution under pathophysiological conditions. PrP(C) interaction with Arf1 was investigated in cortical primary neuronal cultures of PrP(C) wild type and knockout mice (PrP(-/-)). Arf1 and PrP(C) co-binding affinity was confirmed using reverse co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization affinity using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Treatment with brefeldin-A modulated Arf1 expression and resulted in down-regulation and redistribution of PrP(C) into cytosolic region. In the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease, Arf1 expression was significantly downregulated in the frontal cortex in tg340 mice expressing about fourfold of human PrP-M129 with PrP null background that had been inoculated with human sCJD MM1 brain tissue homogenates (sCJD MM1 mice). In addition, the frontal cortex of CJD human brain demonstrated significant binding capacity of Arf1 protein using co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We also examined Arf1 expression in the brain of CJD patients with the subtypes MM1 and VV2 and found that it was regulated in a region-specific manner. In the frontal cortex, Arf1 expression was not significantly changed in either MM1 or VV2 subtype. Interestingly, Arf1 expression was significantly reduced in the cerebellum in both subtypes as compared to controls. Furthermore, we observed altered RhoA activity, which in turn affects myosin light-chain (MLC) phosphorylation and Arf1-dependent PI3K pathway. Together, our findings underscore a key early symptomatic role of Arf1 in neurodegeneration. Targeting the Arf/Rho/MLC signaling axis might be a promising strategy to uncover the missing link which probably influences disease progression and internal homeostasis of misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany,
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22
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Wegner KD, Hildebrandt N. Quantum dots: bright and versatile in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging biosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4792-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Colourful cells and tissues: semiconductor quantum dots and their versatile applications in multiplexed bioimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. David Wegner
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
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23
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Liu J, Zhang P, Yang X, Wang K, Guo Q, Huang J, Li W. Aptamer-mediated indirect quantum dot labeling and fluorescent imaging of target proteins in living cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:505502. [PMID: 25422408 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/505502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein labeling for dynamic living cell imaging plays a significant role in basic biological research, as well as in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. We have developed a novel strategy in which the dynamic visualization of proteins within living cells is achieved by using aptamers as mediators for indirect protein labeling of quantum dots (QDs). With this strategy, the target protein angiogenin was successfully labeled with fluorescent QDs in a minor intactness model, which was mediated by the aptamer AL6-B. Subsequent living cell imaging analyses indicated that the QDs nanoprobes were selectively bound to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, gradually internalized into the cytoplasm, and mostly localized in the lysosome organelle, indicating that the labeled protein retained high activity. Compared with traditional direct protein labeling methods, the proposed aptamer-mediated strategy is simple, inexpensive, and provides a highly selective, stable, and intact labeling platform that has shown great promise for future biomedical labeling and intracellular protein dynamic analyses.
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24
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He X, Ma N. An overview of recent advances in quantum dots for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:118-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Wang J, Wang TT, Gao PF, Huang CZ. Biomolecules-conjugated nanomaterials for targeted cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8452-8465. [PMID: 32262204 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules perform vital functions in biology. These functional biomolecules with diverse modifications hold great promise for further applications in bioanalysis and cancer therapy. However, these functional biomolecules face challenges, especially in the field of drug delivery for cancer therapy. For example, functional biomolecules are typically unstable when taken up by cells, as they are easily digested by enzymes. To address this obstacle, nanomaterials have been employed as drug carriers or vehicles, which are powerful nanoplatforms for imaging and cancer treatment. Multifunctionality of these nanoplatforms offers great advantages over conventional reagents, including targeting to a diseased site to minimize systemic toxicity, and the ability to solubilize hydrophobic or labile drugs to improved pharmacokinetics. In this review, we summarize typical functional biomolecule-conjugated nanomaterials for targeting drug delivery. Under the appropriate conditions, targeted drug delivery can be achieved from a high density of biomolecules that are bound to the surface of nanomaterials, resulting in a high affinity for the targets. The high density of biomolecules then leads to a high local concentration, being able to prevent degradation by enzymes. Furthermore, biomolecule-nanomaterial conjugates have been identified to enter cells more easily than free biomolecules, and controllable drug release can then be obtained by a response to a stimulus, such as redox, pH, light, thermal, enzyme-trigged strategies. Now and in the future, with the development of artificial biomolecules as well as nanomaterials, targeted drug delivery based on elegant biomolecule-nanomaterial conjugation approaches is expected to achieve great versatility, additional functions, and further advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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26
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Fang X, Zhang P, Qiao L, Feng X, Zhang X, Girault HH, Liu B. Efficient Drug Metabolism Strategy Based on Microsome–Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoreactors. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10870-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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27
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Muroski ME, Morgan TJ, Levenson CW, Strouse GF. A gold nanoparticle pentapeptide: gene fusion to induce therapeutic gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14763-71. [PMID: 25198921 DOI: 10.1021/ja505190q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been identified as having great potential as autologous cell therapeutics to treat traumatic brain injury and spinal injury as well as neuronal and cardiac ischemic events. All future clinical applications of MSC cell therapies must allow the MSC to be harvested, transfected, and induced to express a desired protein or selection of proteins to have medical benefit. For the full potential of MSC cell therapy to be realized, it is desirable to systematically alter the protein expression of therapeutically beneficial biomolecules in harvested MSC cells with high fidelity in a single transfection event. We have developed a delivery platform on the basis of the use of a solid gold nanoparticle that has been surface modified to produce a fusion containing a zwitterionic, pentapeptide designed from Bax inhibiting peptide (Ku70) to enhance cellular uptake and a linearized expression vector to induce enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat-derived MSCs. Ku70 is observed to effect >80% transfection following a single treatment of femur bone marrow isolated rat MSCs with efficiencies for the delivery of a 6.6 kbp gene on either a Au nanoparticle (NP) or CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD). Gene expression is observed within 4 d by optical measurements, and secretion is observed within 10 d by Western Blot analysis. The combination of being able to selectively engineer the NP, to colocalize biological agents, and to enhance the stability of those agents has provided the strong impetus to utilize this novel class of materials to engineer primary MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Muroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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28
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Xiong X, Lv Y, Chen T, Zhang X, Wang K, Tan W. Nucleic acid aptamers for living cell analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:405-426. [PMID: 24896309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-015944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells as the building blocks of life determine the basic functions and properties of a living organism. Understanding the structure and components of a cell aids in the elucidation of its biological functions. Moreover, knowledge of the similarities and differences between diseased and healthy cells is essential to understanding pathological mechanisms, identifying diagnostic markers, and designing therapeutic molecules. However, monitoring the structures and activities of a living cell remains a challenging task in bioanalytical and life science research. To meet the requirements of this task, aptamers, as "chemical antibodies," have become increasingly powerful tools for cellular analysis. This article reviews recent advances in the development of nucleic acid aptamers in the areas of cell membrane analysis, cell detection and isolation, real-time monitoring of cell secretion, and intracellular delivery and analysis with living cell models. Limitations of aptamers and possible solutions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Xiong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering and Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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29
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Cornelissen B. Imaging the inside of a tumour: a review of radionuclide imaging and theranostics targeting intracellular epitopes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:310-6. [PMID: 24395330 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of tumour tissue focusses mainly on extracellular epitopes such as tumour angiogenesis or signal transduction receptors expressed on the cell membrane. However, most biological processes that define tumour phenotype occur within the cell. In this mini-review, an overview is given of the various techniques to interrogate intracellular events using molecular imaging with radiolabelled compounds. Additionally, similar targeting techniques can be employed for radionuclide therapy using Auger electron emitters, and recent advances in Auger electron therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cornelissen
- MRC/CRUK Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
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30
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Xu D, He Y, Yeung ES. Direct Imaging of Transmembrane Dynamics of Single Nanoparticles with Darkfield Microscopy: Improved Orientation Tracking at Cell Sidewall. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3397-404. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403700u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Edward S. Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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31
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Zhang P, Yang XX, Wang Y, Zhao NW, Xiong ZH, Huang CZ. Rapid synthesis of highly luminescent and stable Au20 nanoclusters for active tumor-targeted imaging in vitro and in vivo. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2261-9. [PMID: 24407194 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid synthesis of protein-stabilized Au20 nanoclusters (Au20NCs) with high fluorescence quantum yield (QY) up to ∼15% is successfully achieved by manipulating the reaction kinetics. The as-obtained Au20NCs, identified by mass spectrometry, have an average size of 2.6 nm, with strong fluorescence emission at 620 nm (2.00 eV) upon excitation at either 370 nm (3.35 eV) or 470 nm (2.64 eV). The advantages of the as-obtained Au20NCs, including small sizes, high fluorescence QY, excellent photostability, non-toxicity, and good stability in biological media, make them ideal candidates as good luminescent probes for optical imaging in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the uptake of Au20NCs by both cancer cells and tumor-bearing nude mice can be improved by receptor-mediated internalization, compared with that by passive targeting. Because of their selective accumulation at the tumor sites, the Au20NC probes can be used as potential indicators for cancer diagnosis. This work not only provides a new understanding of the rapid synthesis of highly luminescent Au20NCs but also demonstrates that the functionalized-Au20NCs are excellent probes for active tumor-targeted imaging in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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32
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Martínez O, Bellard E, Golzio M, Mechiche-Alami S, Rols MP, Teissié J, Ecochard V, Paquereau L. Direct validation of aptamers as powerful tools to image solid tumor. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 24:217-25. [PMID: 24490589 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualization of cancer cells requires distinguishing malignant from normal cells by objective criteria with high specificity. For several years, tumor markers expressed on the surface of cancer cells have been characterized as cancer signatures, and their labeling with specific imaging probes has revolutionized cancer diagnosis. This specific labeling is also an important tool in surgery tumor ablation. The present study considers the tumor labeling potential of an aptamer that specifically recognizes the epithelial cancer biomarker mucin1 (MUC1). This anti-MUC1 aptamer was investigated in vitro in a three-dimensional (3D) environment and compared to an anti-MUC1 antibody for its capacity to visualize cancer cells. Multicellular spheroids of breast cancer MCF-7 cells were used as tumor models and anti-MUC1 fluorescent aptamer and antibody were visualized by fluorescence imaging. Results showed that the antibodies interacted only with cells located on the surface of the spheroid, whereas the anti-MUC1 aptamers were able to penetrate inside these 3D tumor models and thereafter internalized into the cancer cells. Due to their lack of immunogenicity and their facility to be chemically modified, aptamers may replace advantageously the use of antibodies in diagnosis based on imaging setup thanks to their specific detection of cancer cells without invasive surgical procedures or during clinical intraoperative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Martínez
- 1 Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), BP64182, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Toulouse, France
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33
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Stable silver nanoparticles–aptamer bioconjugates for cellular prion protein imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Torabi SF, Lu Y. Functional DNA nanomaterials for sensing and imaging in living cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 28:88-95. [PMID: 24468446 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in integrating high selectivity of functional DNA, such as DNAzymes and aptamers, with efficient DNA delivery into cells by gold nanoparticles or superior near-infrared optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles are reviewed. Their applications in sensing and imaging small organic metabolites, toxins, metal ions, pH, DNA, RNA, proteins, and pathogens are summarized. The advantages and future directions of these functional DNA materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Fakhreddin Torabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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36
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Zhang L, Xiao SJ, Zheng LL, Li YF, Huang CZ. Aptamer-mediated nanocomposites of semiconductor quantum dots and graphene oxide as well as their applications in intracellular imaging and targeted drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8558-8565. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent quantum dot–graphene oxide nanocomposites have been facilely fabricated and applied in bio-imaging and cell-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
| | - Sai Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
| | - Lin Ling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
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Du YQ, Yang XX, Li WL, Wang J, Huang CZ. A cancer-targeted drug delivery system developed with gold nanoparticle mediated DNA–doxorubicin conjugates. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A targeted drug delivery system based on AuNPs and DNA was developed to treat neuroblastoma cancer. This system exhibits excellent specificity in delivering and releasing doxorubicin, and has great prospects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qing Du
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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Wang J, You M, Zhu G, Shukoor MI, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Altman MB, Yuan Q, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Huang CZ, Tan W. Photosensitizer-gold nanorod composite for targeted multimodal therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3678-84. [PMID: 23661612 PMCID: PMC4133987 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a DNA inter-strand replacement strategy for therapeutic activity is successfully designed for multimodal therapy. In this multimodal therapy, chlorin e6 (Ce6) photosensitizer molecules are used for photodynamic therapy (PDT), while aptamer-AuNRs, are used for selective binding to target cancer cells and for photothermal therapy (PTT) with near infrared laser irradiation. Aptamer Sgc8, which specifically targets leukemia T cells, is conjugated to an AuNR by a thiol-Au covalent bond and then hybridized with a Ce6-labeled photosensitizer/reporter to form a DNA double helix. When target cancer cells are absent, Ce6 is quenched and shows no PDT effect. However, when target cancer cells are present, the aptamer changes structure to release Ce6 to produce singlet oxygen for PDT upon light irradiation. Importantly, by combining photosensitizer and photothermal agents, PTT/PDT dual therapy supplies a more effective therapeutic outcome than either therapeutic modality alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing, 400715 (PR China)
| | - Mingxu You
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Shukoor
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Meghan B. Altman
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Quan Yuan
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Correspondence Authors: Weihong Tan, ; Tel: (+1) 352-846-2410. Cheng Zhi Huang, ; Tel: (+86) 23-68254659
| | - Weihong Tan
- Correspondence Authors: Weihong Tan, ; Tel: (+1) 352-846-2410. Cheng Zhi Huang, ; Tel: (+86) 23-68254659
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39
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Liu Y, Huang CZ. Screening sensitive nanosensors via the investigation of shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonance of single Ag nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7458-7466. [PMID: 23831964 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01952g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of differently shaped plasmonic nanoparticles benefits screening and designing highly sensitive single nanoparticle sensors. Herein, in the present work, we systematically investigated the shape-dependent scattering light colours and refractive index (RI) sensitivity of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) at the single nanoparticle level using conventional dark-field light scattering microscopy and spectroscopy. AgNPs in various shapes and scattering colourful light were synthesized, and the shape effect on the scattering light colour was determined by the colocalization of the same nanoparticles with dark-field microscopy (DFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the AgNPs that scattered blue, cyan, yellow, and red light are spheres, cubes, triangular bipyramids, and rods, respectively, which enable us to directly recognize the shape of AgNPs through dark-field microscopy instead of electron microscopy. Further studies on investigation of the scattering spectral responses of single AgNPs to their surrounding solvents show that the RI sensitivity of AgNPs of different shapes followed the order of rods > cubes > triangular bipyramids > spheres. Among the commonly studied AgNPs, Ag nanorods have the highest RI sensitivity, which increases as the aspect ratio increases. Then, AgNPs of various shapes were used as single nanoparticle sensors for probing the adsorption of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Coppola S, Pozzi D, De Sanctis SC, Digman MA, Gratton E, Caracciolo G. Quantitative measurement of intracellular transport of nanocarriers by spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2013; 1. [PMID: 24376913 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/1/015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) is a powerful technique for assessing the nature of particle motion in complex systems although it has been rarely used to investigate the intracellular dynamics of nanocarriers so far. Here we introduce a method to characterize the mode of motion of nanocarriers and to quantify their transport parameters on different length scales from single-cell to subcellular level. Using this strategy we were able to study the mechanisms responsible for the intracellular transport of DOTAP-DOPC/DNA and DC-Chol-DOPE/DNA lipoplexes in CHO-K1 live cells. Measurement of both diffusion coefficients and velocity vectors (magnitude and direction) averaged over regions of the cell revealed the presence of distinct modes of motion. Lipoplexes diffused slowly on the cell surface (diffusion coefficient, D ≈ 0.003 µm2/s). In the cytosol, the lipoplexes' motion was characterized by active transport with average velocity ν ≈ 0.03 µm/s and random motion. The method permitted us to generate intracellular transport map showing several regions of concerted motion of lipoplexes.
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42
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Xiao SJ, Hu PP, Chen LQ, Zhen SJ, Peng L, Li YF, Huang CZ. A visual dual-aptamer logic gate for sensitive discrimination of prion diseases-associated isoform with reusable magnetic microparticles and fluorescence quantum dots. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53935. [PMID: 23393552 PMCID: PMC3564804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular logic gates, which have attracted increasing research interest and are crucial for the development of molecular-scale computers, simplify the results of measurements and detections, leaving the diagnosis of disease either "yes" or "no". Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that happen in human and animals. The main problem with a diagnosis of prion diseases is how to sensitively and selectively discriminate and detection of the minute amount of PrP(Res) in biological samples. Our previous work had demonstrated that dual-aptamer strategy could achieve highly sensitive and selective discrimination and detection of prion protein (cellular prion protein, PrP(C), and the diseases associated isoform, PrP(Res)) in serum and brain. Inspired by the advantages of molecular logic gate, we further conceived a new concept for dual-aptamer logic gate that responds to two chemical input signals (PrP(C) or PrP(Res) and Gdn-HCl) and generates a change in fluorescence intensity as the output signal. It was found that PrP(Res) performs the "OR" logic operation while PrP(C) performs "XOR" logic operation when they get through the gate consisted of aptamer modified reusable magnetic microparticles (MMPs-Apt1) and quantum dots (QDs-Apt2). The dual-aptamer logic gate simplifies the discrimination results of PrP(Res), leaving the detection of PrP(Res) either "yes" or "no". The development of OR logic gate based on dual-aptamer strategy and two chemical input signals (PrP(Res) and Gdn-HCl) is an important step toward the design of prion diseases diagnosis and therapy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Jin Xiao
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ping Ping Hu
- College of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Qiang Chen
- College of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Jun Zhen
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Peng
- College of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Kasten BB, Liu T, Nedrow-Byers JR, Benny PD, Berkman CE. Targeting prostate cancer cells with PSMA inhibitor-guided gold nanoparticles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:565-8. [PMID: 23232055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a notable biomarker for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in prostate cancer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide an attractive nanomaterial platform for combining a variety of targeting, imaging, and cytotoxic agents into a unified device for biomedical research. In this study, we present the generation and evaluation of the first AuNP system functionalized with a small molecule phosphoramidate peptidomimetic inhibitor for the targeted delivery to PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells. The general approach involved the conjugation of streptavidin-coated AuNPs with a biotin-linked PSMA inhibitor (CTT54) to generate PSMA-targeted AuNPs. In vitro evaluations of these targeted AuNPs were conducted to determine PSMA-mediated and time-dependent binding to PSMA-positive LNCaP cells. The PSMA-targeted AuNPs exhibited significantly higher and selective binding to LNCaP cells compared to control non-targeted AuNPs, thus demonstrating the feasibility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
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Abstract
Molecular imaging has greatly advanced basic biology and translational medicine through visualization and quantification of single/multiple molecular events temporally and spatially in a cellular context and in living organisms. Aptamers, short single-stranded nucleic acids selected in vitro to bind a broad range of target molecules avidly and specifically, are ideal molecular recognition elements for probe development in molecular imaging. This review summarizes the current state of aptamer-based biosensor development (probe design and imaging modalities) and their application in imaging small molecules, nucleic acids and proteins mostly in a cellular context with some animal studies. The article is concluded with a brief discussion on the perspective of aptamer-based molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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