1
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Gazeli O, Elia EA, Argirusis N, Lazarou C, Anastassiou C, Franzke J, Garcia-Reyes JF, Georghiou GE, Agapiou A. Low-cost heat assisted ambient ionization source for mass spectrometry in food and pharmaceutical screening. Analyst 2024; 149:4487-4495. [PMID: 39042100 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00901k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry (AI-MS) techniques have revolutionized analytical chemistry by enabling rapid analysis of samples under atmospheric conditions with minimal to no preparation. In this study, the optimization of a cold atmospheric plasma for the analysis of food and pharmaceutical samples, liquid and solid, using a Heat-Assisted Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization (HA-DBDI) source is described. A significant enhancement in analyte signals was observed when a heating element was introduced into the design, potentially allowing for greater sensitivity. Furthermore, the synergy between the inlet temperature of the mass spectrometer and the heating element allows for precise control over the analytical process, leading to improved detection sensitivity and selectivity. Incorporating computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations into the study elucidated how heating modifications can influence gas transport properties, thereby facilitating enhanced analyte detection and increased signal intensity. These findings advance the understanding of HA-DBDI technology and provide valuable insights for optimizing AI-MS methodologies for a wide range of applications in food and pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odhisea Gazeli
- PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent, Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- ENAL Electromagnetics and Novel Applications Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Efstathios A Elia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus.
| | | | - Constantinos Lazarou
- PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent, Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- ENAL Electromagnetics and Novel Applications Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Charalambos Anastassiou
- PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent, Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- ENAL Electromagnetics and Novel Applications Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Juan F Garcia-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - George E Georghiou
- PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent, Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- ENAL Electromagnetics and Novel Applications Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus.
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2
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You Y, Danischewski JL, Molnar BT, Riedel J, Shelley JT. Manipulation of Gaseous Ions with Acoustic Fields at Atmospheric Pressure. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14587-14592. [PMID: 38716882 PMCID: PMC11140733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The ability to controllably move gaseous ions is an essential aspect of ion-based spectrometry (e.g., mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry) as well as materials processing. At higher pressures, ion motion is largely governed by diffusion and multiple collisions with neutral gas molecules. Thus, high-pressure ion optics based on electrostatics require large fields, radio frequency drives, complicated geometries, and/or partially transmissive grids that become contaminated. Here, we demonstrate that low-power standing acoustic waves can be used to guide, block, focus, and separate beams of ions akin to electrostatic ion optics. Ions preferentially travel through the static-pressure regions ("nodes") while neutral gas does not appear to be impacted by the acoustic field structure and continues along a straight trajectory. This acoustic ion manipulation (AIM) approach has broad implications for ion manipulation techniques at high pressure, while expanding our fundamental understanding of the behavior of ions in gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi You
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State
University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Division
of Instrumental Analytics (1.3), Federal
Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - Julia L. Danischewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Brian T. Molnar
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jens Riedel
- Division
of Instrumental Analytics (1.3), Federal
Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - Jacob T. Shelley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State
University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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3
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Ron I, Sharabi H, Zaltsman A, Leibman A, Hotoveli M, Pevzner A, Kendler S. Non-Contact, Continuous Sampling of Porous Surfaces for the Detection of Particulate and Adsorbed Organic Contaminations by Low-Temperature Plasma Coupled to Ion Mobility Spectrometer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2253. [PMID: 36850851 PMCID: PMC9961393 DOI: 10.3390/s23042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis of hazardous surface contaminations, such as hazardous substances, explosives or illicit drugs, is an essential task in security, environmental and safety applications. This task is mostly based on the collection of particles with swabs, followed by thermal desorption into a vapor analyzer, usually a detector based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). While this methodology is well established for several civil applications, such as border control, it is still not efficient enough for various conditions, as in sampling rough and porous surfaces. Additionally, the process of thermal desorption is energetically inefficient, requires bulky hardware and introduces device contamination memory effects. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) has been demonstrated as an ionization and desorption source for sample preparation-free analysis, mostly at the inlet of a mass spectrometer analyzer, and in rare cases in conjunction with an ion mobility spectrometer. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, the operation of a simple, low cost, home-built LTP apparatus for desorbing non-volatile analytes from various porous surfaces into the inlet of a handheld IMS vapor analyzer. We show ion mobility spectra that originate from operating the LTP jet on porous surfaces such as asphalt and shoes, contaminated with model amine-containing organic compounds. The spectra are in good correlation with spectra measured for thermally desorbed species. We verify through LC-MS analysis of the collected vapors that the sampled species are not fragmented, and can thus be identified by commercial IMS detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Ron
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hagay Sharabi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Amalia Zaltsman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Amir Leibman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Mordi Hotoveli
- Department of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shai Kendler
- Department of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Department of Environmental Physics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
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4
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Bouza M, García-Martínez J, Gilbert-López B, Brandt S, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Franzke J. Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mechanisms: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as a Case of Study. Anal Chem 2023; 95:854-861. [PMID: 36538370 PMCID: PMC9850405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) is a versatile tool for small-molecule mass spectrometry applications, helping cover from polar to low polar molecules. However, the plasma gas-phase interactions are highly complex and have been scarcely investigated. The ionization mechanisms of plasmas have long been assumed to be somewhat similar to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Here, we evaluated the ionization mechanisms of a two-ring DBDI ion source, using different discharge gases to analyze vaporized liquid samples. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used as model analytes to assess the mechanisms' dominance: protonation, [M + H]+, or radical ion species formation, [M]·+. In the present work, two different ionization trends were observed for APCI and DBDI during the PAH analysis; the compounds with proton affinities (PA) over 856 kJ/mol were detected as [M + H]+ when APCI was used as ionization source. Meanwhile, independently of the PA, DBDI showed the prevalence of charge exchange reactions. The addition of dopants in the gas-phase region shifted the ionization mechanisms toward charge exchange reactions, facilitating the formation of [M]·+ ion species, showing anisole a significant boost of the PAH radical ion species signals, over nine times for Ar-Prop-DBDI analysis. The presence of high-energy metastable atoms (e.g., HeM) with high ionization potentials (IE = 19.80 eV) did not show boosted PAH abundances or extensive molecule fragmentation. Moreover, other species in the plasma jet region with closer and more appropriate IE, such as N2 B3Πg excited molecules, are likely responsible for PAH Penning ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Bouza
- Analytical
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071Jaén, Spain
| | - Julio García-Martínez
- Analytical
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071Jaén, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071Jaén, Spain
| | - Sebastian Brandt
- ISAS—Leibniz
Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139Dortmund, Germany
| | - Juan F. García-Reyes
- Analytical
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071Jaén, Spain
| | - Joachim Franzke
- ISAS—Leibniz
Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Schneemann J, Schäfer KC, Spengler B, Heiles S. IR-MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging with Plasma Post-Ionization of Nonpolar Metabolites. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16086-16094. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schneemann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Lipidomics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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6
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Gong X, Shi S, Zhang D, Gamez G. Quantitative Analysis of Exhaled Breath Collected on Filter Substrates via Low-Temperature Plasma Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1518-1529. [PMID: 35792104 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its great potential for disease diagnostics at early stages and for clinical drug monitoring. There are several recent examples of successful development of real-time, in vivo quantitative analysis of exhaled breath metabolites via mass spectrometry. On the other hand, current mass spectrometer accessibility limitations restrict point-of-care applications. Here now, an offline method is developed for quantitative analysis of exhaled breath collected on inexpensive filter substrates for direct desorption and ionization by using low-temperature plasma-mass spectrometry (LTP-MS). In particular, different operating conditions of the ionization source were systematically studied to optimize desorption/ionization by using glycerol, a low volatility compound. Applications with respect to propofol, γ-valprolactone, and nicotine analysis in exhaled breath are demonstrated in this study. The effects of several filter substrate properties, including filter material and pore size, on the analyte signal were characterized. Cellulose filter papers performed best with the present analytes. In addition, filters with smaller pores enabled a more efficient sample collection. Furthermore, sample-collection flow rate was determined to have a very significant effect, with slower flow rates yielding the best results. It was also found that filters loaded with sample can be successfully stored in glass vials with no observable sample loss even after 3 days. Limits of detection under optimized conditions are shown to be competitive or significantly better compared with relevant techniques and with additional benefits of cost-efficiency and sample storage capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Songyue Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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7
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García-Rojas NS, Guillén-Alonso H, Martínez-Jarquín S, Moreno-Pedraza A, Soto-Rodríguez LD, Winkler R. Build, Share and Remix: 3D Printing for Speeding Up the Innovation Cycles in Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (AIMS). Metabolites 2022; 12:185. [PMID: 35208258 PMCID: PMC8874637 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry (AIMS) enables studying biological systems in their native state and direct high-throughput analyses. The ionisation occurs in the physical conditions of the surrounding environment. Simple spray or plasma-based AIMS devices allow the desorption and ionisation of molecules from solid, liquid and gaseous samples. 3D printing helps to implement new ideas and concepts in AIMS quickly. Here, we present examples of 3D printed AIMS sources and devices for ion transfer and manipulation. Further, we show the use of 3D printer parts for building custom AIMS sampling robots and imaging systems. Using 3D printing technology allows upgrading existing mass spectrometers with relatively low cost and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Shyrley García-Rojas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (N.S.G.-R.); (H.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (L.D.S.-R.)
| | - Héctor Guillén-Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (N.S.G.-R.); (H.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (L.D.S.-R.)
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Nacional Technological Institute, Celaya 38010, Mexico
| | | | - Abigail Moreno-Pedraza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (N.S.G.-R.); (H.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (L.D.S.-R.)
| | - Leonardo D. Soto-Rodríguez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (N.S.G.-R.); (H.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (L.D.S.-R.)
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; (N.S.G.-R.); (H.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (L.D.S.-R.)
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8
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Moreno-Pedraza A, Garcia-Rojas NS, Winkler R. Analyzing the Distribution of Specialized Metabolites from Plant Native Tissues with Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2469:145-154. [PMID: 35508836 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2185-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The localization of metabolites in plant tissues is often related to their biological function and biosynthesis. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides comprehensive information about the distribution of known and unknown compounds in tissues. In this protocol, we describe the use of laser desorption low-temperature plasma (LD-LTP) ionization MSI. This technology enables the direct analysis of native tissues under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Moreno-Pedraza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Nancy Shyrley Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Gto, Mexico.
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9
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Liu Q, Ge W, Wang T, Lan J, Martínez‐Jarquín S, Wolfrum C, Stoffel M, Zenobi R. High‐Throughput Single‐Cell Mass Spectrometry Reveals Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wenjie Ge
- Department of Biology ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Schorenstrasse 16 8603 Schwerzenbach Switzerland
| | - Jiayi Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sandra Martínez‐Jarquín
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Schorenstrasse 16 8603 Schwerzenbach Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Department of Biology ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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10
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Liu Q, Ge W, Wang T, Lan J, Martínez‐Jarquín S, Wolfrum C, Stoffel M, Zenobi R. High-Throughput Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry Reveals Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24534-24542. [PMID: 34505339 PMCID: PMC8597026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Even populations of clonal cells are heterogeneous, which requires high-throughput analysis methods with single-cell sensitivity. Here, we propose a rapid, label-free single-cell analytical method based on active capillary dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry, which can analyze multiple metabolites in single cells at a rate of 38 cells/minute. Multiple cell types (HEK-293T, PANC-1, CFPAC-1, H6c7, HeLa and iBAs) were discriminated successfully. We found evidence for abnormal lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells. We also analyzed gene expression in a cancer genome atlas dataset and found that the mRNA level of a critical enzyme of lipid synthesis (ATP citrate lyase, ACLY) was upregulated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Moreover, both an ACLY chemical inhibitor and a siRNA approach targeting ACLY could suppress the viability of PDAC cells. A significant reduction in lipid content in treated cells indicates that ACLY could be a potential target for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 38093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Wenjie Ge
- Department of BiologyETH ZurichOtto-Stern-Weg 78093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichSchorenstrasse 168603SchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Jiayi Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 38093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sandra Martínez‐Jarquín
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 38093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichSchorenstrasse 168603SchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Department of BiologyETH ZurichOtto-Stern-Weg 78093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 38093ZurichSwitzerland
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11
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Feider CL, Gatmaitan AN, Hooper T, Chakraborty A, Gowda P, Buchanan E, Eberlin LS. Integrating the MasSpec Pen with Sub-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Rapid Chemical Analysis and Forensic Applications. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7549-7556. [PMID: 34008955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods that allow rapid, sensitive, and specific chemical measurements are central to forensic analysis and essential to accelerating compound screening and confirmation. We have previously reported the development of the MasSpec Pen technology as an easy-to-use and disposable hand-held device integrated to a mass spectrometer for direct analysis and molecular profiling of biological samples. In this Technical Note, we describe a new apparatus that integrates the MasSpec Pen device with a subatmospheric pressure chemical ionization (sub-APCI) source and an ion trap mass spectrometer for detection and semiquantitative analysis of forensic-related compounds. Coupling the MasSpec Pen device to a sub-APCI source allowed semiquantitative analysis of the drugs cocaine and oxycodone, the agrochemicals atrazine and azoxystrobin, and the explosives trinitrotoluene and dinitroglycerin in under 20 s. Using chemical ionization, improved reproducibility and sensitivity for targeted chemical detection and compound identification was achieved while maintaining the user-friendly features of the hand-held MasSpec Pen device. Limits of detection in the high picogram to low nanogram range were obtained for the compounds analyzed, which are within the range of federal screening cutoffs and those reported for other ambient ionization MS techniques. Altogether, the MasSpec Pen sub-APCI system described enabled rapid and semiquantitative chemical analysis for forensic applications and could be further adapted and applied to other areas of chemical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Abigail N Gatmaitan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tim Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ashish Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Prajwal Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emily Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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12
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Liu Q, Zenobi R. Rapid analysis of fragrance allergens by dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9021. [PMID: 33300175 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fragrances are organic compounds with pleasant odors that are widely used in every aspect of our daily life; some fragrance ingredients can cause allergic reactions. Hence, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fragrance allergens can prevent consumers coming into contact with these compounds. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source for analyzing allergens that occur in fragrances. METHODS A home-built liquid-infusion device was used to evaporate the liquid samples. An active capillary plasma ionization source, which is based on a dielectric barrier discharge, was used to ionize the analytes. Mass spectra were acquired in positive ion mode with an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. RESULTS Seven typical fragrance allergens were analyzed in this study. The limits of detections (LODs) were as low as 0.0001 ppm and a linear dynamic range of 2-3 orders of magnitude was achieved. Allergens in five different perfume products were successfully analyzed and quantified by this method, with analysis times of less than 1 min per sample. CONCLUSIONS This work introduces a DBDI-MS-based analytical method for detecting and quantifying fragrance allergens. Since DBDI has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple operation and fast analysis time, it is very suitable for the rapid analysis of trace allergens in fragrances, and could easily be used for quality control of consumer products in the cosmetics market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Kiontke A, Roudini M, Billig S, Fakhfouri A, Winkler A, Birkemeyer C. Surface acoustic wave nebulization improves compound selectivity of low-temperature plasma ionization for mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2948. [PMID: 33536450 PMCID: PMC7858570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry coupled to low-temperature plasma ionization (LTPI) allows for immediate and easy analysis of compounds from the surface of a sample at ambient conditions. The efficiency of this process, however, strongly depends on the successful desorption of the analyte from the surface to the gas phase. Whilst conventional sample heating can improve analyte desorption, heating is not desirable with respect to the stability of thermally labile analytes. In this study using aromatic amines as model compounds, we demonstrate that (1) surface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN) can significantly improve compound desorption for LTPI without heating the sample. Furthermore, (2) SAWN-assisted LTPI shows a response enhancement up to a factor of 8 for polar compounds such as aminophenols and phenylenediamines suggesting a paradigm shift in the ionization mechanism. Additional assets of the new technique demonstrated here are (3) a reduced analyte selectivity (the interquartile range of the response decreased by a factor of 7)—a significant benefit in non-targeted analysis of complex samples—and (4) the possibility for automated online monitoring using an autosampler. Finally, (5) the small size of the microfluidic SAWN-chip enables the implementation of the method into miniaturized, mobile LTPI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiontke
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mehrzad Roudini
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials (IKM), SAWLab Saxony, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Billig
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armaghan Fakhfouri
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials (IKM), SAWLab Saxony, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials (IKM), SAWLab Saxony, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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He J, Wang W, Zhang H, Ju Y, Yu K, Zhang X, Jiang J. Nebulization dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry: Rapid and sensitive analysis of acenaphthene. Talanta 2021; 222:121681. [PMID: 33167287 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple and sensitive method was proposed for low-polar acenaphthene analysis by coupling nebulization with dielectric barrier discharge ionization (N-DBDI). The sample solution was nebulized followed by heating and converted to be gas-phase analyte molecules prior to DBDI. This boosts the collision efficiency of analyte molecules with reactive species and thus the sensitivity, and the high-velocity gas from nebulization guides ions directed to the MS inlet without deflection. The dependence of sensitivity on the operation parameters was systematically investigated. The LOD and LOQ of acenaphthene were determined to be 0.61 ng/L and 2.05 ng/L, respectively, which were superior approximately 30 folds compared to those obtained by other methods. Parameters, including accuracy, precision, reproducibility and utility, were tested to further evaluate the performance of N-DBDI. Real environmental samples, including river water, initial rainwater and mineral water, were analyzed with good accuracy (93.61-103.50%) and satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 8.92%). These findings suggest that the N-DBDI allows the determination of non/low-polar species at sub-pg/mL possible, and would benefit for the non/low-polar species analysis in real environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China.
| | - Yun Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China.
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15
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Meisenbichler C, Kluibenschedl F, Müller T. A 3-in-1 Hand-Held Ambient Mass Spectrometry Interface for Identification and 2D Localization of Chemicals on Surfaces. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14314-14318. [PMID: 33063994 PMCID: PMC7643069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Desorption electrospray ionization
(DESI), easy ambient sonic-spray
ionization (EASI) and low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization are
powerful ambient ionization techniques for mass spectrometry. However,
every single method has its limitation in terms of polarity and molecular
weight of analyte molecules. After the miniaturization of every possible
component of the different ion sources, we finally were able to embed
two emitters and an ion transfer tubing into a small, hand-held device.
The pen-like interface is connected to the mass spectrometer and a
separate control unit via a bundle of flexible tubing and cables.
The novel device allows the user to ionize an extended range of chemicals
by simple switching between DESI, voltage-free EASI, or LTP ionization
as well as to freely move the interface over a surface of interest.
A mini camera, which is mounted on the tip of the pen, magnifies the
desorption area and enables a simple positioning of the pen. The interface
was successfully tested using different types of chemicals, pharmaceuticals,
and real life samples. Moreover, the combination of optical data from
the camera module and chemical data obtained by mass analysis facilitates
a novel type of imaging mass spectrometry, which we name “interactive
mass spectrometry imaging (IMSI)”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Meisenbichler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kluibenschedl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Gong X, Zhang D, Embile IB, She Y, Shi S, Gamez G. Low-Temperature Plasma Probe Mass Spectrometry for Analytes Separated on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates: Direct vs Laser Assisted Desorption. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1981-1993. [PMID: 32810399 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a widespread technique because it allows fast, simple, and inexpensive analyte separations. In addition, direct analysis of the compounds separated on TLC plates via mass spectrometry (MS) has been shown to provide high sensitivity and selectivity while avoiding time-consuming sample extraction protocols. Here, direct desorption low-temperature plasma-mass spectrometry (LTP-MS) as well as diode laser assisted desorption (LD) LTP-MS are studied for direct spatially resolved analysis of compounds from TLC plates. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of amino acids, pharmaceuticals, and structural isomers were performed. The nature of the TLC plate stationary phase was found to have a significant influence, together with the analyte's characteristics, on the desorption efficiency. Tandem MS is shown to greatly improve the limits of detection (LODs). Direct desorption LTP-MS, without external thermal assisted desorption, demonstrates its best performance with cellulose TLC plates (LODs, 0.01 ng/mm2 to 2.55 ng/mm2) and restricted performance with normal-phase (NP) TLC plates (several analytes without observable signal). LD LTP-MS, with systematic optimization of irradiance and focal point diameter, is shown to overcome the direct-desorption limitations and reach significantly improved LODs with NP TLC plates (up to ×1000 better). In addition, a wide-ranging characterization of amino acid analytical figures of merit with LD LTP-MS shows that LODs from 84 pg/mm2 down to 0.3 pg/mm2 are achieved on NP TLC plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Inah B Embile
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Yue She
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Songyue Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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17
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Li N, Nie H, Jiang L, Ruan G, Du F, Liu H. Recent advances of ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging in clinical research. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3146-3163. [PMID: 32573988 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The structural information and spatial distribution of molecules in biological tissues are closely related to the potential molecular mechanisms of disease origin, transfer, and classification. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging is an effective tool that provides molecular images while describing in situ information of biomolecules in complex samples, in which ionization occurs at atmospheric pressure with the samples being analyzed in the native state. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging can directly analyze tissue samples at a fairly high resolution to obtain molecules in situ information on the tissue surface to identify pathological features associated with a disease, resulting in the wide applications in pharmacy, food science, botanical research, and especially clinical research. Herein, novel ambient ionization techniques, such as techniques based on spray and solid-liquid extraction, techniques based on plasma desorption, techniques based on laser desorption ablation, and techniques based on acoustic desorption were introduced, and the data processing of ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging was briefly reviewed. Besides, we also highlight recent applications of this imaging technology in clinical researches and discuss the challenges in this imaging technology and the perspectives on the future of the clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Ruan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P. R. China
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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18
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Guo J, Cheng G, Du Z. The recent progress of triboelectric nanogenerator-assisted photodetectors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:292003. [PMID: 32217816 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 2012, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted significant interest from researchers in the field of energy conversion due to its unique output characteristics of high voltage, pulse and low current. In addition, recent advancements have demonstrated that photodetection platforms based on TENG exhibit great advantages such as being simple, low-cost, portable, with high sensitivity, high response, etc, and are environment friendly. Here, this article provides a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art photodetectors based on TENG in recent years, and a detailed introduction to the structural design and potential mechanisms. It mainly focuses on self-powered photodetectors (including photodetectors as a load resistance of a TENG and photosensitive materials such as tribo-layer of TENG) and the modulation of photodetectors based on TENG (including utilizing the voltage of TENG as well as triboelectric microplasma). Finally, we put forward some perspectives and outlook, including structure engineering and mechanism guidance, for the future development of simple, high-performance and portable photodetectors based on TENG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Guo
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ahmed E, Xiao D, Dumlao MC, Steel CC, Schmidtke LM, Fletcher J, Donald WA. Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4468-4474. [PMID: 32083845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) is an emerging technique for ionizing volatile molecules directly from complex mixtures for sensitive detection by mass spectrometry (MS). In conventional DBDI, a high frequency and high voltage waveform with pulse widths of ∼50 μs (and ∼50 μs between pulses) is applied across a dielectric barrier and a gas to generate "low temperature plasma." Although such a source has the advantages of being compact, economical, robust, and sensitive, background ions from the ambient environment can be formed in high abundances, which limits performance. Here, we demonstrate that high voltage pulse widths as narrow as 100 ns with a pulse-to-pulse delay of ∼900 μs can significantly reduce background chemical noise and increase ion signal. Compared to microsecond pulses, ∼800 ns pulses can be used to increase the signal-to-noise and signal-to-background chemical noise ratios in DBDI-MS by up to 172% and 1300% for six analytes, including dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), 3-octanone, and perfluorooctanoic acid. Using nanosecond pulses, the detection limit for DMMP and PFOA in human blood plasma can be lowered by more than a factor of 2 in comparison to microsecond pulses. In "nanopulsed" plasma ionization, the extent of internal energy deposition is as low as or lower than in electrospray ionization and micropulsed plasma ionization based on thermometer ion measurements. Overall, nanosecond high-voltage pulsing can be used to significantly improve the performance of DBDI-MS and potentially other ion sources involving high voltage waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezaz Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dan Xiao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Morphy C Dumlao
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher C Steel
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leigh M Schmidtke
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Fletcher
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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21
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García-Rojas NS, Moreno-Pedraza A, Rosas-Román I, Ramírez-Chávez E, Molina-Torres J, Winkler R. Mass spectrometry imaging of thin-layer chromatography plates using laser desorption/low-temperature plasma ionisation. Analyst 2020; 145:3885-3891. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An open development kit for ambient ionisation enables the fast scanning and visualisation of TLC plates with high lateral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Winkler
- CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Mexico
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22
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Kuhlmann C, Shelley JT, Engelhard C. Plasma-Based Ambient Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Liquid Crystals Employed in Display Devices. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2101-2113. [PMID: 31385257 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) are the most frequently used display technology worldwide these days. Due to the rather complex manufacturing process and purity requirements for the chemicals used, quality control and display failure analysis are important analytical tasks. Currently, the state-of-the-art techniques (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), or high-resolution microscopy) are costly and time-consuming. Hence, a new pathway to precisely analyze liquid-crystalline materials and LCDs in their native state is reported. A new approach for direct analysis via plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) offers an inexpensive and faster alternative. In this study, direct analysis in real time (DART), the low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe, and flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) ADI sources coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) are compared based on their capabilities and performance for liquid-crystal analysis. These sources enable direct analyte desorption from a sample surface at ambient conditions and ionize the vaporized analyte molecules in a subsequent step. Primarily, the ionization capabilities of the three ADI sources are compared for individual liquid-crystal standards, mixtures of liquid crystals (LCs), and complex liquid crystal/additive mixtures applied in commercially available LCDs. Furthermore, direct surface analysis from a glass substrate is also performed with ADI-MS to compare their applicability to this type of sample matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kuhlmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jacob T Shelley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 1175 Risman Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Carsten Engelhard
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany.
- Center for Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany.
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23
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Moreno-Pedraza A, Rosas-Román I, Garcia-Rojas NS, Guillén-Alonso H, Ovando-Vázquez C, Díaz-Ramírez D, Cuevas-Contreras J, Vergara F, Marsch-Martínez N, Molina-Torres J, Winkler R. Elucidating the Distribution of Plant Metabolites from Native Tissues with Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2734-2743. [PMID: 30636413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of plants have important biological functions, which often depend on their localization in tissues. Ideally, a fresh untreated material should be directly analyzed to obtain a realistic view of the true sample chemistry. Therefore, there is a large interest for ambient mass-spectrometry-based imaging (MSI) methods. Our aim was to simplify this technology and to find an optimal combination of desorption/ionization principles for a fast ambient MSI of macroscopic plant samples. We coupled a 405 nm continuous wave (CW) ultraviolet (UV) diode laser to a three-dimensionally (3D) printed low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe. By moving the sample with a RepRap-based sampling stage, we could perform imaging of samples up to 16 × 16 cm2. We demonstrate the system performance by mapping mescaline in a San Pedro cactus ( Echinopsis pachanoi) cross section, tropane alkaloids in jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium) fruits and seeds, and nicotine in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. In all cases, the anatomical regions of enriched compound concentrations were correctly depicted. The modular design of the laser desorption (LD)-LTP MSI platform, which is mainly assembled from commercial and 3D-printed components, facilitates its adoption by other research groups. The use of the CW-UV laser for desorption enables fast imaging measurements. A complete tobacco seedling with an image size of 9.2 × 15.0 mm2 was analyzed at a pixel size of 100 × 100 μm2 (14 043 mass scans), in less than 2 h. Natural products can be measured directly from native tissues, which inspires a broad use of LD-LTP MSI in plant chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Moreno-Pedraza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Ignacio Rosas-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Nancy Shyrley Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Héctor Guillén-Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
- CONACYT Potosino Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, National Supercomputing Center , Camino a la Presa San José 2055 , Colonia Lomas 4ta Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí , Mexico
| | - David Díaz-Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Jessica Cuevas-Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Fredd Vergara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Deutscher Platz 5e , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Center for Research and Advanced Studies Irapuato , Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León , 36824 Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
- Mass Spectrometry Group , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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24
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Kiontke A, Billig S, Birkemeyer C. Response in Ambient Low Temperature Plasma Ionization Compared to Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:5647536. [PMID: 30723503 PMCID: PMC6339754 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5647536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technical evolution made mass spectrometry (MS) an absolute must for analytical chemistry in terms of application range, detection limits and speed. When it comes to mass spectrometric detection, one of the critical steps is to ionize the analyte and bring it into the gas phase. Several ionization techniques were developed for this purpose among which electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are two of the most frequently applied atmospheric pressure methods to ionize target compounds from liquid matrices or solutions. Moreover, recent efforts in the emerging field of "ambient" MS enable the applicability of newly developed atmospheric pressure techniques to solid matrices, greatly simplifying the analysis of samples with MS and anticipating, to ease the required or even leave out any sample preparation and enable analysis at ambient conditions, outside the instrument itself. These developments greatly extend the range of applications of modern mass spectrometry (MS). Ambient methods comprise many techniques; a particular prominent group is, however, the plasma-based methods. Although ambient MS is a rather new field of research, the interest in further developing the corresponding techniques and enhancing their performance is very strong due to their simplicity and often low cost of manufacturing. A precondition for improving the performance of such ion sources is a profound understanding how ionization works and which parameters determine signal response. Therefore, we review relevant compound characteristics for ionization with the two traditional methods ESI and APCI and compare those with one of the most frequently employed representatives of the plasma-based methods, i.e., low temperature plasma ionization. We present a detailed analysis in which compound characteristics are most beneficial for the response of aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds with these three methods and provide evidence that desorption characteristics appear to have the main common, general impact on signal response. In conclusion, our report provides a very useful resource to the optimization of instrumental conditions with respect to most important requirements of the three ionization techniques and, at the same time, for future developments in the field of ambient ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiontke
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Billig
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Badoud F, Ernest M, Hammel YA, Huertas-Pérez JF. Artifact-controlled quantification of folpet and phthalimide in food by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Analyte and matrix evaporability - key players of low-temperature plasma ionization for ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5123-5130. [PMID: 29951773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of ambient ionization at atmospheric pressure for mass spectrometry (AI-MS) attracted the interest of many researchers in the field and various ionization techniques have been described in recent years that allow a quick and easy-to-handle analysis of samples under ambient conditions without or with only minor sample preparation. Among those, plasma-based techniques including the low-temperature plasma probe require very little resources thereby providing great potential for implementation in mobile analytical devices. However, systematic studies on signal responsiveness with this technique, such as the influence of the analyte and matrix characteristics on relative signal intensity, are still rare. Therefore, we used a low-temperature plasma source based on dielectric barrier discharge with helium as process gas to assess influencing factors on signal intensity in mass spectrometry. Among 12 tested molecular descriptors, in particular a low vaporization enthalpy and a large molecular nonpolar surface area improve the relative signal intensity. In addition, we show that the impact of compound characteristics strongly outperforms the influence of simple sample matrices such as different organic solvents and water, with a weak trend that volatile solvents tend to decrease the signal responsiveness of the analytes. However, several specific solvent-analyte interactions occurred, which have to be considered in targeted applications of this method. Our results will help further in improving the implementation and standardization of low-temperature plasma ionization for ambient mass spectrometry and understanding the requirements and selectivity of this technique. Graphical abstract Influencing factors (analyte and matrix characteristics) on signal intensity in dielectric-barrier discharge plasma for ionization in mass spectrometry.
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Lara-Ortega FJ, Beneito-Cambra M, Robles-Molina J, García-Reyes JF, Gilbert-López B, Molina-Díaz A. Direct olive oil analysis by mass spectrometry: A comparison of different ambient ionization methods. Talanta 2018; 180:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Zhang Q, Su Y, Liu X, Guo Y. Rapid characterization of nonpolar or low-polarity solvent extracts from herbal medicines by solvent-assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:221-229. [PMID: 29178526 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The direct detection of nonpolar and low-polarity solvent extracts of herbal medicine is difficult by conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This problem can be solved by solvent-assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SAESI-MS). With the help of assisted solvents (ESI-friendly solvents) at the tip of the spray needle, compounds (especially the low-polarity compounds) in nonpolar and low-polarity solvent extracts can be ionized directly. METHODS Herbal medicines were ultrasonically extracted with nonpolar or low-polarity solvents, such as petroleum ether. Thereafter, the extracts were analyzed by conventional ESI-MS, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) and SAESI-MS. The mass spectra obtained from these three methods were compared and analyzed. RESULTS Unstable ion signals, and even no ion signals, were observed when the nonpolar and low-polarity solvent extracts were detected directly by conventional ESI-MS. Better specificity, higher sensitivity or cleaner spectra were acquired from SAESI-MS by comparing with the performance of conventional ESI-MS. The ion signals generated by SAESI-MS and APCI-MS were observed in clearly different m/z ranges. A variety of potential compounds were detected in the petroleum ether extracts of Pogostemon cablin and Ligusticum chuanxiong. The relative abundances and signal intensities of the same ion signals from the stems, leaves and decoction pieces of Pogostemon cablin were significantly different by SAESI-MS. CONCLUSIONS As a convenient and efficient method, SAESI-MS can be used to directly detect compounds (especially the low-polarity compounds) in nonpolar or low-polarity solvent extracts of herbal medicines, providing abundant chemical information for pharmacological studies. SAESI-MS allows the simultaneous qualitative analysis of multiple compounds in the same complex samples and is thus particularly suitable for the preliminary screening of compounds in complex samples. SAESI-MS can be used to differentiate the different parts of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Su
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Yang B, Zhang H, Shu J, Ma P, Zhang P, Huang J, Li Z, Xu C. Vacuum-Ultraviolet-Excited and CH2Cl2/H2O-Amplified Ionization-Coupled Mass Spectrometry for Oxygenated Organics Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 90:1301-1308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Haixu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jinian Shu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Pengkun Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jingyun Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ce Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Klute FD, Brandt S, Vogel P, Biskup B, Reininger C, Horvatic V, Vadla C, Farnsworth PB, Franzke J. Systematic Comparison between Half and Full Dielectric Barrier Discharges Based on the Low Temperature Plasma Probe (LTP) and Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Soft Ionization (DBDI) Configurations. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9368-9374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix D. Klute
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brandt
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pascal Vogel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Beatrix Biskup
- Experimental
Physics II - Reactive Plasmas, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reininger
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | | | - Cedomil Vadla
- Institute of Physics, Bijenicka
46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paul B. Farnsworth
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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31
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Zhang H, Jiang J, Li N, Li M, Wang Y, He J, You H. Surface Desorption Dielectric-Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Division
of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong You
- School
of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Martínez-Jarquín S, Winkler R. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) jets for mass spectrometry (MS): Ion processes, instrumental set-ups, and application examples. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Gong X, Shi S, Gamez G. Real-Time Quantitative Analysis of Valproic Acid in Exhaled Breath by Low Temperature Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:678-687. [PMID: 27830528 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Real-time analysis of exhaled human breath is a rapidly growing field in analytical science and has great potential for rapid and noninvasive clinical diagnosis and drug monitoring. In the present study, an LTP-MS method was developed for real-time, in-vivo and quantitative analysis of γ-valprolactone, a metabolite of valproic acid (VPA), in exhaled breath without any sample pretreatment. In particular, the effect of working conditions and geometry of the LTP source on the ions of interest, protonated molecular ion at m/z 143 and ammonium adduct ion at m/z 160, were systematically characterized. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with collision-induced dissociation (CID) was carried out in order to identify γ-valprolactone molecular ions (m/z 143), and the key fragment ion (m/z 97) was used for quantitation. In addition, the fragmentation of ammonium adduct ions to protonated molecular ions was performed in-source to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. At optimum conditions, signal reproducibility with an RSD of 8% was achieved. The concentration of γ-valprolactone in exhaled breath was determined for the first time to be 4.83 (±0.32) ng/L by using standard addition method. Also, a calibration curve was obtained with a linear range from 0.7 to 22.5 ng/L, and the limit of detection was 0.18 ng/L for γ-valprolactone in standard gas samples. Our results show that LTP-MS is a powerful analytical platform with high sensitivity for quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds in human breath, and can have potential applications in pharmacokinetics or for patient monitoring and treatment. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
| | - Songyue Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA.
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34
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Pei J, Hsu CC, Wang Y, Yu K. Corona discharge-induced reduction of quinones in negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinone reduction during negative ESI MS was illustrated to be closely related to corona discharge (CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China
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35
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Brandt S, Klute FD, Schütz A, Franzke J. Dielectric barrier discharges applied for soft ionization and their mechanism. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 951:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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36
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Bierstedt A, Riedel J. High-repetition rate laser ablation coupled to dielectric barrier discharge postionization for ambient mass spectrometry. Methods 2016; 104:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Smoluch M, Mielczarek P, Silberring J. Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry in bioanalytical sciences. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:22-34. [PMID: 25988731 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques are gaining growing interest due to their specific features, such as the need for little or no sample preparation, its high analysis speed, and the ambient experimental conditions. Samples can be analyzed in gas, liquid, or solid forms. These techniques allow for a wide range of applications, like warfare agent detection, chemical reaction control, mass spectrometry imaging, polymer identification, and food safety monitoring, as well as applications in biomedical science, e.g., drug and pharmaceutical analysis, medical diagnostics, biochemical analysis, etc. Until now, the main drawback of plasma-based techniques is their quantitative aspect, but a lot of efforts have been done to improve this obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Smoluch
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej St. 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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38
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Zhang W, Huang G. Fast screening of analytes for chemical reactions by reactive low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1947-1953. [PMID: 26443392 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Approaches for analyte screening have been used to aid in the fine-tuning of chemical reactions. Herein, we present a simple and straightforward analyte screening method for chemical reactions via reactive low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry (reactive LTP-MS). METHODS Solution-phase reagents deposited on sample substrates were desorbed into the vapor phase by action of the LTP and by thermal desorption. Treated with LTP, both reagents reacted through a vapor phase ion/molecule reaction to generate the product. Finally, protonated reagents and products were identified by LTP-MS. RESULTS Reaction products from imine formation reaction, Eschweiler-Clarke methylation and the Eberlin reaction were detected via reactive LTP-MS. Products from the imine formation reaction with reagents substituted with different functional groups (26 out of 28 trials) were successfully screened in a time of 30 s each. Besides, two short-lived reactive intermediates of Eschweiler-Clarke methylation were also detected. CONCLUSIONS LTP in this study serves both as an ambient ionization source for analyte identification (including reagents, intermediates and products) and as a means to produce reagent ions to assist gas-phase ion/molecule reactions. The present reactive LTP-MS method enables fast screening for several analytes from several chemical reactions, which possesses good reagent compatibility and the potential to perform high-throughput analyte screening. In addition, with the detection of various reactive intermediates (intermediates I and II of Eschweiler-Clarke methylation), the present method would also contribute to revealing and elucidating reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
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39
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Brüggemann M, Karu E, Stelzer T, Hoffmann T. Real-Time Analysis of Ambient Organic Aerosols Using Aerosol Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow Mass Spectrometry (AeroFAPA-MS). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5571-5578. [PMID: 25861027 DOI: 10.1021/es506186c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds contribute to a major fraction of atmospheric aerosols and have significant impacts on climate and human health. However, because of their chemical complexity, their measurement remains a major challenge for analytical instrumentation. Here we present the development and characterization of a new soft ionization technique that allows mass spectrometric real-time detection of organic compounds in aerosols. The aerosol flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (AeroFAPA) ion source is based on a helium glow discharge plasma, which generates excited helium species and primary reagent ions. Ionization of the analytes occurs in the afterglow region after thermal desorption and produces mainly intact quasimolecular ions, facilitating the interpretation of the acquired mass spectra. We illustrate that changes in aerosol composition and concentration are detected on the time scale of seconds and in the ng m(-3) range. Additionally, the successful application of AeroFAPA-MS during a field study in a mixed forest region is presented. In general, the observed compounds are in agreement with previous offline studies; however, the acquisition of chemical information and compound identification is much faster. The results demonstrate that AeroFAPA-MS is a suitable tool for organic aerosol analysis and reveal the potential of this technique to enable new insights into aerosol formation, growth, and transformation in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brüggemann
- †Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Einar Karu
- †Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- ‡College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB243UE, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- †Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- †Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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40
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Pulliam CJ, Bain RM, Wiley JS, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Mass spectrometry in the home and garden. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:224-230. [PMID: 25510934 PMCID: PMC4693292 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of active components in a variety of chemical products used directly by consumers is described at both trace and bulk levels using mass spectrometry. The combination of external ambient ionization with a portable mass spectrometer capable of tandem mass spectrometry provides high chemical specificity and sensitivity as well as allowing on-site monitoring. These experiments were done using a custom-built portable ion trap mass spectrometer in combination with the ambient ionization methods of paper spray, leaf spray, and low temperature plasma ionization. Bactericides, garden chemicals, air fresheners, and other products were examined. Herbicide applied to suburban lawns was detected in situ on single leaves 5 d after application.
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41
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Cheng SC, Jhang SS, Huang MZ, Shiea J. Simultaneous detection of polar and nonpolar compounds by ambient mass spectrometry with a dual electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1743-8. [PMID: 25562530 DOI: 10.1021/ac503625m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A dual ionization source combining electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was developed to simultaneously ionize both polar and nonpolar compounds. The source was constructed by inserting a fused silica capillary into a stainless steel column enclosed in a glass tube. A high dc voltage was applied to a methanol solution flowing in the fused silica capillary to generate an ESI plume at the capillary tip. A high ac voltage was applied to a ring electrode attached to the glass tube to generate plasma from the nitrogen gas flowing between the glass tube and the stainless steel column. The concentric arrangement of the ESI plume and the APCI plasma in the source ensured that analytes entering the ionization region interacted with both ESI and APCI primary ion species generated in the source. Because the high voltages required for ESI and APCI were independently applied and controlled, the dual ion source could be operated in ESI-only, APCI-only, or ESI+APCI modes. Analytes were introduced into the ESI and/or APCI plumes by irradiating sample surfaces with a continuous-wavelength laser or a pulsed laser beam. Analyte ions could also be produced by directing the dual ESI+APCI source toward sample surfaces for desorption and ionization. The ionization mechanisms involved in the dual ion source include Penning ionization, ion molecule reactions, and fused-droplet electrospray ionization. Standards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, angiotensin I, lidocaine, ferrocene, diesel, and rosemary oils were used for testing. Protonated analyte ions were detected in ESI-only mode, radical cations were detected in APCI-only mode, and both types of ions were detected in ESI+APCI mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Chyi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University , 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Zhao Z, Duan Y. Microwave induced plasma desorption ionization (MIPDI) mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis of preservatives in cosmetics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantitative and qualitative behaviors of the MIPDI source were systematically studied for the first time in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- PR China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Sichuan University
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Guo C, Tang F, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhang X. Development of dielectric-barrier-discharge ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2345-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Muramoto S, Rading D, Bush B, Gillen G, Castner DG. Low-temperature plasma for compositional depth profiling of crosslinking organic multilayers: comparison with C60 and giant argon gas cluster sources. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1971-1978. [PMID: 25132297 PMCID: PMC4155327 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE For organic electronics, device performance can be affected by interlayer diffusion across interfaces. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) can resolve buried structures with nanometer resolution, but instrument artifacts make this difficult. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) is suggested as a way to prepare artifact-free surfaces for accurate determination of chemical diffusion. METHODS A model organic layer system consisting of three 1 nm delta layers of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) separated by three 30 nm layers of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of LTP etching for the preparation of crater edge surfaces for subsequent compositional depth profile analysis. This was compared with depth profiles obtained using an instrument equipped with an argon cluster sputter source. RESULTS The quality of the depth profiles was determined by comparing the depth resolutions of the BCP delta layers. The full width at half maximum gave depth resolutions of 6.9 nm and 6.0 nm using LTP, and 6.2 nm and 5.8 nm using argon clusters. In comparison, the 1/e decay length of the trailing edge gave depth resolutions of 2.0 nm and 1.8 nm using LTP, and 3.5 nm and 3.4 nm using argon clusters. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the 1/e decay lengths showed that LTP can determine the thickness and composition of the buried structures without instrument artifacts. Although it does suffer from contaminant deposition, LTP was shown to be a viable option for preparing crater edges for a more accurate determination of buried structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Muramoto
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Brian Bush
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Greg Gillen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - David G. Castner
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Albert A, Shelley JT, Engelhard C. Plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: state-of-the-art in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6111-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Iwai T, Kakegawa K, Okumura K, Kanamori-Kataoka M, Miyahara H, Seto Y, Okino A. Fundamental properties of a touchable high-power pulsed microplasma jet and its application as a desorption/ionization source for ambient mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:522-528. [PMID: 24913404 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) has attracted considerable attention in many fields because of its capacity for direct sample analyses. In this study, a high-power pulsed microplasma jet (HPPMJ) was developed and investigated as a new plasma desorption/ionization source. In an HPPMJ, a microhollow cathode discharge is generated in a small hole (500 µm in diameter) using a pulsed high-power supply. This system can realize a maximum power density of 5 × 10(8) W/cm(3). The measured electron number density, excitation temperature and afterglow gas temperature of the HPPMJ were 3.7 × 10(15) cm(-3), 7000 K at maximum and less than 60 °C, respectively, which demonstrate that the HPPMJ is a high-energy, high-density plasma source that is comparable with an argon inductively coupled plasma while maintaining a low gas temperature. The HPPMJ causes no observable damage to the target because of its low gas temperature and electrode configuration; thus, we can apply it directly to human skin. To demonstrate the analytical capacity of ADI-MS using an HPPMJ, the plasma was applied to direct solid sample analysis of the active ingredients in pharmaceutical tablets. Caffeine, acetaminophen, ethenzamide, isopropylantipyrine and ibuprofen were successfully detected. Application to living tissue was also demonstrated, and isopropylantipyrine on a finger was successfully analyzed without damaging the skin. The limits of detection (LODs) for caffeine, isopropylantipyrine and ethenzamide were calculated, and LODs at the picogram level were achieved. These results indicate the applicability of the HPPMJ for high-sensitivity analysis of materials on a heat-sensitive surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwai
- Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
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Pfeuffer KP, Ray SJ, Hieftje GM. Measurement and visualization of mass transport for the flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) ambient mass-spectrometry source. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:800-808. [PMID: 24658804 PMCID: PMC4031277 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) has developed into an important analytical field over the last 9 years. The ability to analyze samples under ambient conditions while retaining the sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry has led to numerous applications and a corresponding jump in the popularity of this field. Despite the great potential of ADI-MS, problems remain in the areas of ion identification and quantification. Difficulties with ion identification can be solved through modified instrumentation, including accurate-mass or MS/MS capabilities for analyte identification. More difficult problems include quantification because of the ambient nature of the sampling process. To characterize and improve sample volatilization, ionization, and introduction into the mass spectrometer interface, a method of visualizing mass transport into the mass spectrometer is needed. Schlieren imaging is a well-established technique that renders small changes in refractive index visible. Here, schlieren imaging was used to visualize helium flow from a plasma-based ADI-MS source into a mass spectrometer while ion signals were recorded. Optimal sample positions for melting-point capillary and transmission-mode (stainless steel mesh) introduction were found to be near (within 1 mm of) the mass spectrometer inlet. Additionally, the orientation of the sampled surface plays a significant role. More efficient mass transport resulted for analyte deposits directly facing the MS inlet. Different surfaces (glass slide and rough surface) were also examined; for both it was found that the optimal position is immediately beneath the MS inlet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary M. Hieftje
- Corresponding Author: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405,
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Bregy L, Sinues PML, Nudnova MM, Zenobi R. Real-time breath analysis with active capillary plasma ionization-ambient mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2014; 8:027102. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/2/027102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Maldonado-Torres M, López-Hernández JF, Jiménez-Sandoval P, Winkler R. 'Plug and Play' assembly of a low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LTP-MSI) system. J Proteomics 2014; 102:60-5. [PMID: 24642210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is of high and growing interest in life science research, but the investment for necessary equipment is often prohibitive for small research groups. Therefore, we developed a basic MSI system from low cost 'Plug and Play' components, which are connected to the Universal Serial Bus (USB) of a standard computer. Our open source software OpenMZxy (http://www.bioprocess.org/openmzxy) enables automatic and manual sampling, as well as the recording of position data. For ionization we used a low-temperature plasma probe (LTP), coupled to a quadrupole mass analyzer. The current set-up has a practical resolution of 1mm, and a sampling area of 100×100mm, resulting in up to 10,000 sampling points. Our prototype is easy and economical to adopt for different types of mass analyzers. We prove the usability of the LTP-MSI system for macroscopic samples by imaging the distribution of metabolites in the longitudinal cross-cut of a chili (Capsicum annuum, 'Jalapeño pepper') fruit. The localization of capsaicin in the placenta could be confirmed. But additionally, yet unknown low molecular weight compounds were detected in defined areas, which underline the potential of LTP-MSI for the imaging of volatile and semi-volatile metabolites and for the discovery of new natural products. Biological significance Knowledge about the spatial distribution of metabolites, proteins, or lipids in a given tissue often leads to novel findings in medicine and biology. Therefore, mass spectrometry based imaging (MSI) is becoming increasingly popular in life science research. However, the investment for necessary equipment is often prohibitive for small research groups. We built a prototype with an ambient ionization source, which is easy and economical to adopt for different types of mass analyzers. Therefore, we hope that our system contributes to a broader use of mass spectrometry imaging for answering biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Jiménez-Sandoval
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico.
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Bhardwaj C, Hanley L. Ion sources for mass spectrometric identification and imaging of molecular species. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:756-67. [PMID: 24473154 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 The ability to transfer molecular species to the gas phase and ionize them is central to the study of natural products and other molecular species by mass spectrometry (MS). MS-based strategies in natural products have focused on a few established ion sources, such as electron impact and electrospray ionization. However, a variety of other ion sources are either currently in use to evaluate natural products or show significant future promise. This review discusses these various ion sources in the context of other articles in this special issue, but is also applicable to other fields of analysis, including materials science. Ion sources are grouped based on the current understanding of their predominant ion formation mechanisms. This broad overview groups ion sources into the following categories: electron ionization and single photon ionization; chemical ionization-like and plasma-based; electrospray ionization; and, laser desorption-based. Laser desorption-based methods are emphasized with specific examples given for laser desorption postionization sources and their use in the analysis of intact microbial biofilms. Brief consideration is given to the choice of ion source for various sample types and analyses, including MS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, mc 111, Chicago, IL 60607-7061.
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