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Liu Y, Yin Q, Luo Y, Huang Z, Cheng Q, Zhang W, Zhou B, Zhou Y, Ma Z. Manipulation with sound and vibration: A review on the micromanipulation system based on sub-MHz acoustic waves. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 96:106441. [PMID: 37216791 PMCID: PMC10213378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of micro-objects have been playing an essential role in biochemical analysis or clinical diagnostics. Among the diverse technologies for micromanipulation, acoustic methods show the advantages of good biocompatibility, wide tunability, a label-free and contactless manner. Thus, acoustic micromanipulations have been widely exploited in micro-analysis systems. In this article, we reviewed the acoustic micromanipulation systems that were actuated by sub-MHz acoustic waves. In contrast to the high-frequency range, the acoustic microsystems operating at sub-MHz acoustic frequency are more accessible, whose acoustic sources are at low cost and even available from daily acoustic devices (e.g. buzzers, speakers, piezoelectric plates). The broad availability, with the addition of the advantages of acoustic micromanipulation, make sub-MHz microsystems promising for a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we review recent progresses in sub-MHz acoustic micromanipulation technologies, focusing on their applications in biomedical fields. These technologies are based on the basic acoustic phenomenon, such as cavitation, acoustic radiation force, and acoustic streaming. And categorized by their applications, we introduce these systems for mixing, pumping and droplet generation, separation and enrichment, patterning, rotation, propulsion and actuation. The diverse applications of these systems hold great promise for a wide range of enhancements in biomedicines and attract increasing interest for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qiu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Quansheng Cheng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Dillinger C, Nama N, Ahmed D. Ultrasound-activated ciliary bands for microrobotic systems inspired by starfish. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6455. [PMID: 34753910 PMCID: PMC8578555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are short, hair-like appendages ubiquitous in various biological systems, which have evolved to manipulate and gather food in liquids at regimes where viscosity dominates inertia. Inspired by these natural systems, synthetic cilia have been developed and utilized in microfluidics and microrobotics to achieve functionalities such as propulsion, liquid pumping and mixing, and particle manipulation. Here, we demonstrate ultrasound-activated synthetic ciliary bands that mimic the natural arrangements of ciliary bands on the surface of starfish larva. Our system leverages nonlinear acoustics at microscales to drive bulk fluid motion via acoustically actuated small-amplitude oscillations of synthetic cilia. By arranging the planar ciliary bands angled towards (+) or away (-) from each other, we achieve bulk fluid motion akin to a flow source or sink. We further combine these flow characteristics with a physical principle to circumvent the scallop theorem and realize acoustic-based propulsion at microscales. Finally, inspired by the feeding mechanism of a starfish larva, we demonstrate an analogous microparticle trap by arranging + and - ciliary bands adjacent to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornel Dillinger
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nitesh Nama
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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3
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Li X, He Z, Li C, Li P. One-step enzyme kinetics measurement in 3D printed microfluidics devices based on a high-performance single vibrating sharp-tip mixer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1172:338677. [PMID: 34119024 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Measuring enzyme kinetics is of great importance to understand many biological processes and improve biosensing and industrial applications. Conventional methods of measuring enzyme kinetics require to prepare a series of solutions with different substrate concentrations and measure the signal response over time with these solutions, leading to tedious sample preparation steps, high reagents/sample consumption, and difficulties in studying fast enzyme kinetics. Here we report a one-step assay to measure enzyme kinetics using a 3D-printed microfluidic device, which eliminates the steps of preparing and handling multiple solutions thereby simplifying the whole workflow significantly. The assay is enabled by a highly efficient vibrating sharp-tip mixing method that can mix multiple streams of fluids with minimal mixing length (∼300 μm) and time (as low as 3 ms), and a wide range of working flow rates from 1.5 μL/min to 750 μL/min. Owing to the high performance of the mixer, a series of experiments with different substrate concentrations are performed by simply adjusting the flow rates of reagents loaded from three inlets in one experiment run. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed reaction between H2O2 and amplex red is measured in this system. The calculated Michaelis constant is consistent with the values from literature and conventional analysis methods. Due to the simplicity in fabrication and operation, rapid analysis, low power consumption (1.4-45.0 mW), and high temporal resolution, this method will significantly facilitate enzyme kinetics measurement, and offers great potential for optimizing enzyme based biosensing experiments and probing many biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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4
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Salari A, Appak-Baskoy S, Coe IR, Abousawan J, Antonescu CN, Tsai SSH, Kolios MC. Dosage-controlled intracellular delivery mediated by acoustofluidics for lab on a chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1788-1797. [PMID: 33734246 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological research and many cell-based therapies rely on the successful delivery of cargo materials into cells. Intracellular delivery in an in vitro setting refers to a variety of physical and biochemical techniques developed for conducting rapid and efficient transport of materials across the plasma membrane. Generally, the techniques that are time-efficient (e.g., electroporation) suffer from heterogeneity and low cellular viability, and those that are precise (e.g., microinjection) suffer from low-throughput and are labor-intensive. Here, we present a novel in vitro microfluidic strategy for intracellular delivery, which is based on the acoustic excitation of adherent cells. Strong mechanical oscillations, mediated by Lamb waves, inside a microfluidic channel facilitate the cellular uptake of different size (e.g., 3-500 kDa, plasmid encoding EGFP) cargo materials through endocytic pathways. We demonstrate successful delivery of 500 kDa dextran to various adherent cell lines with unprecedented efficiency in the range of 65-85% above control. We also show that actuation voltage and treatment duration can be tuned to control the dosage of delivered substances. High viability (≥91%), versatility across different cargo materials and various adherent cell lines, scalability to hundreds of thousands of cells per treatment, portability, and ease-of-operation are among the unique features of this acoustofluidic strategy. Potential applications include targeting through endocytosis-dependant pathways in cellular disorders, such as lysosomal storage diseases, which other physical methods are unable to address. This novel acoustofluidic method achieves rapid, uniform, and scalable delivery of material into cells, and may find utility in lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Imogen R Coe
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada and Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada
| | - John Abousawan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada and Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada and Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada and Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
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5
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Sun L, K Siddique M, Wang L, Li S. Mixing characteristics of a bubble mixing microfluidic chip for genomic DNA extraction based on magnetophoresis: CFD simulation and experiment. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2365-2374. [PMID: 33905543 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mixing a small amount of magnetic beads and regents with large volume samples evenly in microcavities of a microfluidic chip is always the key step for the application of microfluidic technology in the field of magnetophoresis analysis. This article proposes a microfluidic chip for DNA extraction by magnetophoresis, which relies on bubble rising to generate turbulence and microvortices of various sizes to mix magnetic beads with samples uniformly. The construction and working principle of the microfluidic chip are introduced. CFD simulations are conducted when magnetic beads and samples are irritated by the generation of gas bubbles with the variation of supply pressures. The whole mixing process in the microfluidic chip is observed through a high-speed camera and a microfluidic system when the gas bubbles are generated continuously. The influence of supply pressure on the mixing characteristics of the microfluidic chip is investigated and discussed with both simulation and experiments. Compared with magnetic mixing, bubble mixing can avoid the magnetic beads gather phenomenon caused by magnetic forces and provide a rapid and high efficient solution to realize mixing small amount of regents in large volume samples in a certain order without complex moving structures and operations in a chip. Two applications of mixing with the proposed microfluidic chip are also carried out and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad K Siddique
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Songjing Li
- Department of Fluid Control and Automation, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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6
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Li Y, Liu X, Huang Q, Ohta AT, Arai T. Bubbles in microfluidics: an all-purpose tool for micromanipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1016-1035. [PMID: 33538756 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the integration of microfluidic devices and multiple actuation technologies at the microscale has greatly contributed to the progress of related fields. In particular, microbubbles are playing an increasingly important role in microfluidics because of their unique characteristics that lead to specific responses to different energy sources and gas-liquid interactions. Many effective and functional bubble-based micromanipulation strategies have been developed and improved, enabling various non-invasive, selective, and precise operations at the microscale. This review begins with a brief introduction of the morphological characteristics and formation of microbubbles. The theoretical foundations and working mechanisms of typical micromanipulations based on acoustic, thermodynamic, and chemical microbubbles in fluids are described. We critically review the extensive applications and the frontline advances of bubbles in microfluidics, including microflow patterns, position and orientation control, biomedical applications, and development of bubble-based microrobots. We lastly present an outlook to provide directions for the design and application of microbubble-based micromanipulation tools and attract the attention of relevant researchers to the enormous potential of microbubbles in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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7
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Cai Z, Huang Z, Li Z, Su M, Zhao Z, Qin F, Zhang Z, Yang J, Song Y. Evaporation Induced Spontaneous Micro‐Vortexes through Engineering of the Marangoni Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feifei Qin
- Chair of Building Physics Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich) Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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8
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Cai Z, Huang Z, Li Z, Su M, Zhao Z, Qin F, Zhang Z, Yang J, Song Y. Evaporation Induced Spontaneous Micro‐Vortexes through Engineering of the Marangoni Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23684-23689. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feifei Qin
- Chair of Building Physics Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich) Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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9
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Liu B, Ma Z, Yang J, Gao G, Liu H. A Concentration Gradients Tunable Generator with Adjustable Position of the Acoustically Oscillating Bubbles. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090827. [PMID: 32878158 PMCID: PMC7570149 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to control concentration gradients at specific locations for many biochemical experiments. This paper proposes a tunable concentration gradient generator actuated by acoustically oscillating bubbles trapped in the bubble channels using a controllable position based on the gas permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The gradient generator consists of a glass substrate, a PDMS chip, and a piezoelectric transducer. When the trapped bubbles are activated by acoustic waves, the solution near the gas–liquid interface is mixed. The volume of the bubbles and the position of the gas–liquid interface are regulated through the permeability of the PDMS wall. The tunable concentration gradient can be realized by changing the numbers and positions of the bubbles that enable the mixing of fluids in the main channel, and the amplitude of the applied voltage. This new device is easy to fabricate, responsive, and biocompatible, and therefore has great application prospects. In particular, it is suitable for biological research with high requirements for temporal controllability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (G.G.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-67396187
| | - Zhigao Ma
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (G.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (G.G.); (H.L.)
- Electrical and Mechanical College, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Guohua Gao
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (G.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Haibin Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (G.G.); (H.L.)
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10
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Chen P, Li S, Guo Y, Zeng X, Liu BF. A review on microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment and its emerging application to cell analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:94-113. [PMID: 32674786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal manipulation of extracellular chemical environments with simultaneous monitoring of cellular responses plays an essential role in exploring fundamental biological processes and expands our understanding of underlying mechanisms. Despite the rapid progress and promising successes in manipulation strategies, many challenges remain due to the small size of cells and the rapid diffusion of chemical molecules. Fortunately, emerging microfluidic technology has become a powerful approach for precisely controlling the extracellular chemical microenvironment, which benefits from its integration capacity, automation, and high-throughput capability, as well as its high resolution down to submicron. Here, we summarize recent advances in microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment, including the following aspects: i) Spatial manipulation of chemical microenvironments realized by convection flow-, diffusion-, and droplet-based microfluidics, and surface chemical modification; ii) Temporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments enabled by flow switching/shifting, moving/flowing cells across laminar flows, integrated microvalves/pumps, and droplet manipulation; iii) Spatiotemporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments implemented by a coupling strategy and open-space microfluidics; and iv) High-throughput manipulation of chemical microenvironments. Finally, we briefly present typical applications of the above-mentioned technical advances in cell-based analyses including cell migration, cell signaling, cell differentiation, multicellular analysis, and drug screening. We further discuss the future improvement of microfluidics manipulation of extracellular chemical microenvironments to fulfill the needs of biological and biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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11
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Salari A, Appak-Baskoy S, Ezzo M, Hinz B, Kolios MC, Tsai SSH. Dancing with the Cells: Acoustic Microflows Generated by Oscillating Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903788. [PMID: 31829522 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a sound or ultrasound wave with an elastic object, such as a microbubble, can give rise to a steady-state microstreaming flow in its surrounding liquid. Many microfluidic strategies for cell and particle manipulation, and analyte mixing, are based on this type of flow. In addition, there are reports that acoustic streaming can be generated in biological systems, for instance, in a mammalian inner ear. Here, new observations are reported that individual cells are able to induce microstreaming flow, when they are excited by controlled acoustic waves in vitro. Single adherent cells are exposed to an acoustic field inside a microfluidic device. The cell-induced microstreaming is then investigated by monitoring flow tracers around the cell, while the structure and extracellular environment of the cell are altered using different chemicals. The observations suggest that the maximum streaming flow induced by an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell can reach velocities on the order of mm s-1 , and this maximum velocity is primarily governed by the overall cell stiffness. Therefore, such cell-induced microstreaming measurements, including flow pattern and velocity magnitude, may be used as label-free proxies of cellular mechanical properties, such as stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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12
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On-chip simultaneous rotation of large-scale cells by acoustically oscillating bubble array. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Feng L, Song B, Chen Y, Liang S, Dai Y, Zhou Q, Chen D, Bai X, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Arai F. On-chip rotational manipulation of microbeads and oocytes using acoustic microstreaming generated by oscillating asymmetrical microstructures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:064103. [PMID: 31700562 PMCID: PMC6824912 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The capability to precisely rotate cells and other micrometer-sized biological samples is invaluable in biomedicine, bioengineering, and biophysics. We propose herein a novel on-chip cell rotation method using acoustic microstreaming generated by oscillating asymmetrical microstructures. When the vibration is applied to a microchip with our custom-designed microstructures, two different modes of highly localized microvortices are generated that are utilized to precisely achieve in-plane and out-of-plane rotational manipulation of microbeads and oocytes. The rotation mechanism is studied and verified using numerical simulations. Experiments of the microbeads are conducted to evaluate the claimed functions and investigate the effects of various parameters, such as the frequency and the driving voltage on the acoustically induced flows. Accordingly, it is shown that the rotational speed and direction can be effectively tuned on demand in single-cell studies. Finally, the rotation of swine oocytes is involved as further applications. By observing the maturation stages of M2 after the exclusion of the first polar body of operated oocytes, the proposed method is proved to be noninvasive. Compared with the conventional approaches, our acoustofluidic cell rotation approach can be simple-to-fabricate and easy-to-operate, thereby allowing rotations irrespective of the physical properties of the specimen under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | - Shuzhang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dixiao Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan
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14
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Abstract
Cellular analysis is a central concept for both biology and medicine. Over the past two decades, acoustofluidic technologies, which marry acoustic waves with microfluidics, have significantly contributed to the development of innovative approaches for cellular analysis. Acoustofluidic technologies enable precise manipulations of cells and the fluids that confine them, and these capabilities have been utilized in many cell analysis applications. In this review article, we examine various applications where acoustofluidic methods have been implemented, including cell imaging, cell mechanotyping, circulating tumor cell phenotyping, sample preparation in clinics, and investigation of cell-cell interactions and cell-environment responses. We also provide our perspectives on the technological advantages, limitations, and potential future directions for this innovative field of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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15
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Liu J, Li B, Zhu T, Zhou Y, Li S, Guo S, Li T. Tunable microfluidic standing air bubbles and its application in acoustic microstreaming. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:034114. [PMID: 31186823 PMCID: PMC6554191 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are often used in chemistry, biophysics, and medicine. Properly controlled microbubbles have been proved beneficial for various applications by previous scientific endeavors. However, there is still a plenty of room for further development of efficient microbubble handling methods. Here, this paper introduces a tunable, stable, and robust microbubble interface handling mechanism, named as microfluidic standing air bubbles (μSABs), by studying the multiphysical phenomena behind the gas-liquid interface formation and variation. A basic μSAB system consists specially structured fluidic channels, pneumatic channels, and selectively permeable porous barriers between them. The μSABs originate inside the crevice structures on the fluidic channel walls in a repeatable and robust manner. The volumetric variation of the μSAB is a multiphysical phenomenon that dominated by the air diffusion between the pneumatic channel and the bubble. Theoretical analysis and experimental data illustrate the coupling processes of the repeatable and linear μSAB volumetric variation when operated under common handling conditions (control pneumatic pressure: -90 kPa to 200 kPa). Furthermore, an adjustable acoustic microstreaming is demonstrated as an application using the alterable μSAB gas-liquid interface. Derived equations and microscopic observations elucidate the mechanism of the continuous and linear regulation of the acoustic microstreaming using varying μSAB gas-liquid interfaces. The μSAB system provides a new tool to handle the flexible and controllable gas-liquid interfaces in a repeatable and robust manner, which makes it a promising candidate for innovative biochemical, biophysical, and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiejun Li
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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16
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Chen P, Yan S, Wang J, Guo Y, Dong Y, Feng X, Zeng X, Li Y, Du W, Liu BF. Dynamic Microfluidic Cytometry for Single-Cell Cellomics: High-Throughput Probing Single-Cell-Resolution Signaling. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1619-1626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuangqian Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Dong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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Garrison J, Li Z, Palanisamy B, Wang L, Seker E. An electrically-controlled programmable microfluidic concentration waveform generator. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:31. [PMID: 30564283 PMCID: PMC6295081 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological systems have complicated environmental conditions that vary both spatially and temporally. It becomes necessary to impose time-varying soluble factor concentrations to study such systems, including cellular responses to pharmaceuticals, inflammation with waxing and waning cytokine concentrations, as well as circadian rhythms and their metabolic manifestations. There is therefore a need for platforms that can achieve time-varying concentrations with arbitrary waveforms. Results To address this need, we developed a microfluidic system that can deliver concentration waveforms in a fast and accurate manner by adopting concepts and tools from electrical engineering and fluid mechanics. Specifically, we employed pulse width modulation (PWM), a commonly used method for generating analog signals from digital sources. We implement this technique using three microfluidic components via laser ablation prototyping: low-pass filter (lower frequency signals permitted, high frequency signals blocked), resistor, and mixer. Each microfluidic component was individually studied and iteratively tuned to generate desired concentration waveforms with high accuracy. Using fluorescein as a small-molecule soluble factor surrogate, we demonstrated a series of concentration waveforms, including square, sawtooth, sinusoidal, and triangle waves with frequencies ranging from 100 mHz to 400 mHz. Conclusion We reported the fabrication and characterization of microfluidic platform that can generate time-varying concentrations of fluorescein with arbitrary waveforms. We envision that this platform will enable a wide range of biological studies, where time-varying soluble factor concentrations play a critical role. In addition, the technology is expected to assist in the development of biomedical devices that allow precise dosing of pharmaceuticals for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Garrison
- 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Zidong Li
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Barath Palanisamy
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Ling Wang
- 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Erkin Seker
- 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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18
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Deng CZ, Fan YJ, Chung PS, Sheen HJ. A Novel Thermal Bubble Valve Integrated Nanofluidic Preconcentrator for Highly Sensitive Biomarker Detection. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1409-1415. [PMID: 29888596 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new immunosensor that can achieve an ultralow detection limit and high sensitivity. This new device has an electrokinetic trapping (EKT)-based nanofluidic preconcentrator, which was integrated with oscillating bubble valves, to trap concentrated antigen and immunobeads. During the immunoassay process, oscillating bubbles rapidly grew and acted as control valves and to block the microchannel. Thereafter, the trapped preconcentrated antigen plug and antibody-coated nanobeads were preserved in the region between these two valves. Finally, the antigen concentration was quantitatively analyzed by a real-time measurement of Brownian diffusion of the immunobeads. In this work, the test sample used was C-reactive protein (CRP) which is a risk indicator of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Zong Deng
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - Pei-Shan Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Horn-Jiunn Sheen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
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19
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Huang PH, Chan CY, Li P, Wang Y, Nama N, Bachman H, Huang TJ. A sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic chemical signal generator. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1411-1421. [PMID: 29668002 PMCID: PMC6064650 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the temporal dynamics of cell signaling pathways is essential for regulating numerous downstream functions, from gene expression to cellular responses. Mapping these signaling pathways requires the exposure of cells to time-varying chemical signals; these are difficult to generate and control over a wide temporal range. Herein, we present an acoustofluidic chemical signal generator based on a sharp-edge-based micromixing strategy. The device, simply by modulating the driving signals of an acoustic transducer including the ON/OFF switching frequency, actuation time and duty cycle, is capable of generating both single-pulse and periodic chemical signals that are temporally controllable in terms of stimulation period, stimulation duration and duty cycle. We also demonstrate the device's applicability and versatility for cell signaling studies by probing the calcium (Ca2+) release dynamics of three different types of cells stimulated by ionomycin signals of different shapes. Upon short single-pulse ionomycin stimulation (∼100 ms) generated by our device, we discover that cells tend to dynamically adjust the intracellular level of Ca2+ through constantly releasing and accepting Ca2+ to the cytoplasm and from the extracellular environment, respectively. With advantages such as simple fabrication and operation, compact device design, and reliability and versatility, our device will enable decoding of the temporal characteristics of signaling dynamics for various physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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20
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21
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Orbay S, Ozcelik A, Bachman H, Huang TJ. Acoustic Actuation of in situ Fabricated Artificial Cilia. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2018; 28:025012. [PMID: 30479458 PMCID: PMC6251322 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6439/aaa0ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present on-chip acoustic actuation of in situ fabricated artificial cilia. Arrays of cilia structures are UV polymerized inside a microfluidic channel using a photocurable polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer solution and photomasks. During polymerization, cilia structures are attached to a silane treated glass surface inside the microchannel. Then, the cilia structures are actuated using acoustic vibrations at 4.6 kHz generated by piezo transducers. As a demonstration of a practical application, DI water and fluorescein dye solutions are mixed inside a microfluidic channel. Using pulses of acoustic excitations, and locally fabricated cilia structures within a certain region of the microchannel, a waveform of mixing behavior is obtained. This result illustrates one potential application wherein researchers can achieve spatiotemporal control of biological microenvironments in cell stimulation studies. These acoustically actuated, in situ fabricated, cilia structures can be used in many on-chip applications in biological, chemical and engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Orbay
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Cengelkoy, Istanbul, 34684, Turkey
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Electronics and Automation, Soma Vocational School, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Soma, Manisa, 45500, Turkey
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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22
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Lu X, Soto F, Li J, Li T, Liang Y, Wang J. Topographical Manipulation of Microparticles and Cells with Acoustic Microstreaming. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38870-38876. [PMID: 29028308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Precise and reproducible manipulation of synthetic and biological microscale objects in complex environments is essential for many practical biochip and microfluidic applications. Here, we present an attractive acoustic topographical manipulation (ATM) method to achieve efficient and reproducible manipulation of diverse microscale objects. This new guidance method relies on the acoustically induced localized microstreaming forces generated around microstructures, which are capable of trapping nearby microobjects and manipulating them along a determined trajectory based on local topographic features. This unique phenomenon is investigated by numerical simulations examining the local microstreaming in the presence of microscale boundaries under the standing acoustic wave. This method can be used to manipulate a single microobject around a complex structure as well as collectively manipulate multiple objects moving synchronously along complicated shapes. Furthermore, the ATM can serve for automated maze solving by autonomously manipulating microparticles with diverse geometries and densities, including live cells, through complex maze-like topographical features without external feedback, particle modification, or adjustment of operational parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tianlong Li
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuyan Liang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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23
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Neutrophil-inspired propulsion in a combined acoustic and magnetic field. Nat Commun 2017; 8:770. [PMID: 28974671 PMCID: PMC5626690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems capable of precise motion in the vasculature can offer exciting possibilities for applications in targeted therapeutics and non-invasive surgery. So far, the majority of the work analysed propulsion in a two-dimensional setting with limited controllability near boundaries. Here we show bio-inspired rolling motion by introducing superparamagnetic particles in magnetic and acoustic fields, inspired by a neutrophil rolling on a wall. The particles self-assemble due to dipole–dipole interaction in the presence of a rotating magnetic field. The aggregate migrates towards the wall of the channel due to the radiation force of an acoustic field. By combining both fields, we achieved a rolling-type motion along the boundaries. The use of both acoustic and magnetic fields has matured in clinical settings. The combination of both fields is capable of overcoming the limitations encountered by single actuation techniques. We believe our method will have far-reaching implications in targeted therapeutics. Devising effective swimming and propulsion strategies in microenvironments is attractive for drug delivery applications. Here Ahmed et al. demonstrate a micropropulsion strategy in which a combination of magnetic and acoustic fields is used to assemble and propel colloidal particles along channel walls.
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24
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Chen P, Guo Y, Feng X, Yan S, Wang J, Li Y, Du W, Liu BF. Microfluidic Chemical Function Generator for Probing Dynamic Cell Signaling. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9209-9217. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuangqian Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics−Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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25
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Läubli N, Shamsudhin N, Ahmed D, Nelson BJ. Controlled Three-dimensional Rotation of Single Cells Using Acoustic Waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Lu M, Ozcelik A, Grigsby CL, Zhao Y, Guo F, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing for Synthesis of Nanomaterials. NANO TODAY 2016; 11:778-792. [PMID: 30337950 PMCID: PMC6191180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics expands the synthetic space such as heat transfer, mass transport, and reagent consumption to conditions not easily achievable in conventional batch processes. Hydrodynamic focusing in particular enables the generation and study of complex engineered nanostructures and new materials systems. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in the synthesis of nanostructures and microfibers using microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing techniques. Emphasis is placed on distinct designs of flow focusing methods and their associated mechanisms, as well as their applications in material synthesis, determination of reaction kinetics, and study of synthetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Lu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher L Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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27
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Orbay S, Ozcelik A, Lata J, Kaynak M, Wu M, Huang TJ. Mixing high-viscosity fluids via acoustically driven bubbles. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2016; 27:015008. [PMID: 31588165 PMCID: PMC6777744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an acoustofluidic micromixer which can perform rapid and homogeneous mixing of highly viscous fluids in the presence of an acoustic field. In this device, two high-viscosity polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions were co-injected into a three-inlet PDMS microchannel with the center inlet containing a constant stream of nitrogen flow which forms bubbles in the device. When these bubbles were excited by an acoustic field generated via a piezoelectric transducer, the two solutions mixed homogenously due to the combination of acoustic streaming, droplet ejection, and bubble eruption effects. The mixing efficiency of this acoustofluidic device was evaluated using PEG-700 solutions which are ~106 times more viscous than deionized (DI) water. Our results indicate homogenous mixing of the PEG-700 solutions with a ~0.93 mixing index. The acoustofluidic micromixer is compact, inexpensive, easy to operate, and has the capacity to mix highly viscous fluids within 50 milliseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Orbay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University park, PA 16802, USA
| | - James Lata
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Murat Kaynak
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University park, PA 16802, USA
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28
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Ozcelik A, Nama N, Huang PH, Kaynak M, McReynolds MR, Hanna-Rose W, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Rotational Manipulation of Cells and Organisms Using Oscillating Solid Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5120-5125. [PMID: 27515787 PMCID: PMC5388358 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A polydimethylsiloxane microchannel featuring sidewall sharp-edge structures and bare channels, and a piezoelement transducer is attached to a thin glass slide. When an external acoustic field is applied to the microchannel, the oscillation of the sharp-edge structures and the thin glass slide generate acoustic streaming flows which in turn rotate single cells and C. elegans in-plane and out-of-plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Murat Kaynak
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wendy Hanna-Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Kaynak M, Ozcelik A, Nama N, Nourhani A, Lammert PE, Crespi VH, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic actuation of in situ fabricated microrotors. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3532-7. [PMID: 27466140 PMCID: PMC5007211 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00443a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated in situ fabricated and acoustically actuated microrotors. A polymeric microrotor with predefined oscillating sharp-edge structures is fabricated in situ by applying a patterned UV light to polymerize a photocrosslinkable polyethylene glycol solution inside a microchannel around a polydimethylsiloxane axle. To actuate the microrotors by oscillating the sharp-edge structures, we employed piezoelectric transducers which generate tunable acoustic waves. The resulting acoustic streaming flows rotate the microrotors. The rotation rate is tuned by controlling the peak-to-peak voltage applied to the transducer. A 6-arm microrotor can exceed 1200 revolutions per minute. Our technique is an integration of single-step microfabrication, instant assembly around the axle, and easy acoustic actuation for various applications in microfluidics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaynak
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul E. Lammert
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vincent H. Crespi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Tel:814 863-0163;
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802 USA
- Fax: 814-865-9974; Tel: 814-863-4209;
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30
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Ahmed D, Baasch T, Jang B, Pane S, Dual J, Nelson BJ. Artificial Swimmers Propelled by Acoustically Activated Flagella. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4968-74. [PMID: 27459382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have garnered considerable interest in the field of propulsion to maneuver micro- and nanosized objects. Acoustics provide an alternate and attractive method to generate propulsion. To date, most acoustic-based swimmers do not use structural resonances, and their motion is determined by a combination of bulk acoustic streaming and a standing-wave field. The resultant field is intrinsically dependent on the boundaries of their resonating chambers. Though acoustic based propulsion is appealing in biological contexts, existing swimmers are less efficient, especially when operating in vivo, since no predictable standing-wave can be established in a human body. Here we describe a new class of nanoswimmer propelled by the small-amplitude oscillation of a flagellum-like flexible tail in standing and, more importantly, in traveling acoustic waves. The artificial nanoswimmer, fabricated by multistep electrodeposition techniques, compromises a rigid bimetallic head and a flexible tail. During acoustic excitation of the nanoswimmer the tail structure oscillates, which leads to a large amplitude propulsion in traveling waves. FEM simulation results show that the structural resonances lead to high propulsive forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ahmed
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Bumjin Jang
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pane
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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31
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Phan HV, Alan T, Neild A. Droplet Manipulation Using Acoustic Streaming Induced by a Vibrating Membrane. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5696-703. [PMID: 27119623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple method for on-demand manipulation of aqueous droplets in oil. With numerical simulations and experiments, we show that a vibrating membrane can produce acoustic streaming. By making use of this vortical flow, we manage to repulse the droplets away from the membrane edges. Then, by simply aligning the membrane at 45° to the flow, the droplets can be forced to follow the membrane's boundaries, thus steering them across streamlines and even between different oil types. We also characterize the repulsion and steering effect with various excitation voltages at different water and oil flow rates. The maximum steering frequency we have achieved is 165 Hz. The system is extremely robust and reliable: the same membrane can be reused after many days and with different oils and/or surfactants at the same operating frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Van Phan
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tuncay Alan
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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32
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Zheng W, Huang R, Jiang B, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Jiang X. An Early-Stage Atherosclerosis Research Model Based on Microfluidics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2022-2034. [PMID: 26890624 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The arterial microenvironment plays a vital role in the pathology of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the interplay between the arterial microenvironment and atherogenesis remains unclear, partially due to the gap between cell culture and animal experiments. Addressing this problem, the present study reports a microfluidic AS model reconstituting early-stage AS. Physiological or AS-prone hemodynamic conditions are recapitulated on the model. The on-chip model recaptures the atherogenic responses of endothelial cells (ECs) in ways that the Petri dish could not. Significant cytotoxicity of a clinical anti-atherosclerotic drug probucol is discovered on the model, which does not appear on Petri dish but is supported by previous clinical evidence. Moreover, the anti-AS efficiency of platinum-nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) on the model shows excellent consistency with animal experiments. The early-stage AS model shows an excellent connection between Petri dish and animal experiments and highlights its promising role in bridging fundamental AS research, drug screening, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuyun Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Ahmed D, Ozcelik A, Bojanala N, Nama N, Upadhyay A, Chen Y, Hanna-Rose W, Huang TJ. Rotational manipulation of single cells and organisms using acoustic waves. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11085. [PMID: 27004764 PMCID: PMC4814581 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise rotational manipulation of single cells or organisms is invaluable to many applications in biology, chemistry, physics and medicine. In this article, we describe an acoustic-based, on-chip manipulation method that can rotate single microparticles, cells and organisms. To achieve this, we trapped microbubbles within predefined sidewall microcavities inside a microchannel. In an acoustic field, trapped microbubbles were driven into oscillatory motion generating steady microvortices which were utilized to precisely rotate colloids, cells and entire organisms (that is, C. elegans). We have tested the capabilities of our method by analysing reproductive system pathologies and nervous system morphology in C. elegans. Using our device, we revealed the underlying abnormal cell fusion causing defective vulval morphology in mutant worms. Our acoustofluidic rotational manipulation (ARM) technique is an easy-to-use, compact, and biocompatible method, permitting rotation regardless of optical, magnetic or electrical properties of the sample under investigation. The precise rotational manipulation of single cells is technically challenging and relies on the optical, magnetic and electrical properties of the biospecimen. Here the authors develop an acoustic-based, on-chip manipulation method that can rotate single microparticles, cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Nagagireesh Bojanala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Awani Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Wendy Hanna-Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Alicia TGG, Yang C, Wang Z, Nguyen NT. Combinational concentration gradient confinement through stagnation flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:368-76. [PMID: 26671507 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentration gradient generation in microfluidics is typically constrained by two conflicting mass transport requirements: short characteristic times (τ) for precise temporal control of concentration gradients but at the expense of high flow rates and hence, high flow shear stresses (σ). To decouple the limitations from these parameters, here we propose the use of stagnation flows to confine concentration gradients within large velocity gradients that surround the stagnation point. We developed a modified cross-slot (MCS) device capable of feeding binary and combinational concentration sources in stagnation flows. We show that across the velocity well, source-sink pairs can form permanent concentration gradients. As source-sink concentration pairs are continuously supplied to the MCS, a permanently stable concentration gradient can be generated. Tuning the flow rates directly controls the velocity gradients, and hence the stagnation point location, allowing the confined concentration gradient to be focused. In addition, the flow rate ratio within the MCS rapidly controls (τ ∼ 50 ms) the location of the stagnation point and the confined combinational concentration gradients at low flow shear (0.2 Pa < σ < 2.9 Pa). The MCS device described in this study establishes the method for using stagnation flows to rapidly generate and position low shear combinational concentration gradients for shear sensitive biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toh G G Alicia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore. and Microfluidics Manufacturing Programme, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 63807 Singapore
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Microfluidics Manufacturing Programme, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 63807 Singapore
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- QLD Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road QLD 4111, Australia.
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Huang PH, Ren L, Nama N, Li S, Li P, Yao X, Cuento RA, Wei CH, Chen Y, Xie Y, Nawaz AA, Alevy YG, Holtzman MJ, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Huang TJ. An acoustofluidic sputum liquefier. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3125-31. [PMID: 26082346 PMCID: PMC6518399 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first microfluidic-based on-chip liquefaction device for human sputum samples. Our device is based on an acoustofluidic micromixer using oscillating sharp edges. This acoustofluidic sputum liquefier can effectively and uniformly liquefy sputum samples at a throughput of 30 μL min(-1). Cell viability and integrity are maintained during the sputum liquefaction process. Our acoustofluidic sputum liquefier can be conveniently integrated with other microfluidic units to enable automated on-chip sputum processing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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36
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Ahmed D, Lu M, Nourhani A, Lammert PE, Stratton Z, Muddana HS, Crespi VH, Huang TJ. Selectively manipulable acoustic-powered microswimmers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9744. [PMID: 25993314 PMCID: PMC4438614 DOI: 10.1038/srep09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective actuation of a single microswimmer from within a diverse group would be a
first step toward collaborative guided action by a group of swimmers. Here we
describe a new class of microswimmer that accomplishes this goal. Our swimmer design
overcomes the commonly-held design paradigm that microswimmers must use
non-reciprocal motion to achieve propulsion; instead, the swimmer is
propelled by oscillatory motion of an air bubble trapped within the
swimmer's polymer body. This oscillatory motion is driven by the
application of a low-power acoustic field, which is biocompatible with biological
samples and with the ambient liquid. This acoustically-powered microswimmer
accomplishes controllable and rapid translational and rotational motion, even in
highly viscous liquids (with viscosity 6,000 times higher than that of water). And
by using a group of swimmers each with a unique bubble size (and resulting unique
resonance frequencies), selective actuation of a single swimmer from among the group
can be readily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Mengqian Lu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Zak Stratton
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Hari S Muddana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802 USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- 1] Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA [3] Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- 1] Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802 USA
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