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Despicht C, Munkboel CH, Chou HN, Ertl P, Rothbauer M, Kutter JP, Styrishave B, Kretschmann A. Towards a microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay-biocompatibility study and steroid detection on a thiol-ene-based chip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5421-5436. [PMID: 37438566 PMCID: PMC10444685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-based microfluidic assays offers exciting new opportunities in toxicity testing, allowing for integration of new functionalities, automation, and high throughput in comparison to traditional well-plate assays. As endocrine disruption caused by environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals represents a growing global health burden, the purpose of the current study was to contribute towards the miniaturization of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, from the well-plate to the microfluidic format. Microfluidic chip fabrication with the established well-plate material polystyrene (PS) is expensive and complicated; PDMS and thiol-ene were therefore tested as potential chip materials for microfluidic H295R cell culture, and evaluated in terms of cell attachment, cell viability, and steroid synthesis in the absence and presence of collagen surface modification. Additionally, spike-recovery experiments were performed, to investigate potential steroid adsorption to chip materials. Cell aggregation with poor steroid recoveries was observed for PDMS, while cells formed monolayer cultures on the thiol-ene chip material, with cell viability and steroid synthesis comparable to cells grown on a PS surface. As thiol-ene overall displayed more favorable properties for H295R cell culture, a microfluidic chip design and corresponding cell seeding procedure were successfully developed, achieving repeatable and uniform cell distribution in microfluidic channels. Finally, H295R perfusion culture on thiol-ene chips was investigated at different flow rates (20, 10, and 2.5 µL/min), and 13 steroids were detected in eluting cell medium over 48 h at the lowest flow rate. The presented work and results pave the way for a time-resolved microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Despicht
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Cecilie H Munkboel
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Hua Nee Chou
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kretschmann
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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2
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Serioli L, Gruzinskyte L, Zappalà G, Hwu ET, Laksafoss TZ, Jensen PL, Demarchi D, Müllertz A, Boisen A, Zór K. Moving perfusion culture and live-cell imaging from lab to disc: proof of concept toxicity assay with AI-based image analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1603-1612. [PMID: 36790123 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, cell-based assays are essential in diagnostics and drug development. There are ongoing efforts to establish new technologies that enable real-time detection of cell-drug interaction during culture under flow conditions. Our compact (10 × 10 × 8.5 cm) cell culture and microscope on disc (CMoD) platform aims to decrease the application barriers of existing lab-on-a-chip (LoC) approaches. For the first time in a centrifugal device, (i) cells were cultured for up to six days while a spindle motor facilitated culture medium perfusion, and (ii) an onboard microscope enabled live bright-field imaging of cells while the data wirelessly transmitted to a computer. The quantification of cells from the acquired images was done using artificial intelligence (AI) software. After optimization, the obtained cell viability data from the AI-based image analysis proved to correlate well with data collected from commonly used image analysis software. The CMoD was also suitable for conducting a proof-of-concept toxicity assay with HeLa cells under continuous flow. The half-maximal inhibitory time (IT50) for various concentrations of doxorubicin (DOX) in the case of HeLa cells in flow, was shown to be lower than the IT50 obtained from a static cytotoxicity assay, indicating a faster onset of cell death in flow. The CMoD proved to be easy to handle, enabled cell culture and monitoring without assistance, and is a promising tool for examining the dynamic processes of cells in real-time assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serioli
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Lina Gruzinskyte
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Giulia Zappalà
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - En Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Trygvi Zachariassen Laksafoss
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | | | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
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3
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Brycht M, Poltorak L, Baluchová S, Sipa K, Borgul P, Rudnicki K, Skrzypek S. Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-92. [PMID: 35968923 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is most frequently treated with antineoplastic agents (ANAs) that are hazardous to patients undergoing chemotherapy and the healthcare workers who handle ANAs in the course of their duties. All aspects related to hazardous oncological drugs illustrate that the monitoring of ANAs is essential to minimize the risks associated with these drugs. Among all analytical techniques used to test ANAs, electrochemistry holds an important position. This review, for the first time, comprehensively describes the progress done in electrochemistry of ANAs by means of a variety of bare or modified (bio)sensors over the last four decades (in the period of 1982-2021). Attention is paid not only to the development of electrochemical sensing protocols of ANAs in various biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical matrices but also to achievements of electrochemical techniques in the examination of the interactions of ANAs with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), carcinogenic cells, biomimetic membranes, peptides, and enzymes. Other aspects, including the enantiopurity studies, differentiation between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA without using any label or tag, studies on ANAs degradation, and their pharmacokinetics, by means of electrochemical techniques are also commented. Finally, concluding remarks that underline the existence of a significant niche for the basic electrochemical research that should be filled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Brycht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Simona Baluchová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Charles University, Prague 2, Czechia
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Sipa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Borgul
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Rudnicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Zhang Y, Wu W, Zhang J, Li Z, Ma H, Zhao Z. Facile Method for Specifically Sensing Sphingomyelinase in Cells and Human Urine Based on a Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanoliposome Probe. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11775-11784. [PMID: 34412477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinase (SMase) is closely related to diseases like Niemann-Pick disease and atherosclerosis, and the development of a simple method for the assay of SMase activity is very useful to screen new potential inhibitors or stimulators of SMase or biomarkers of disease. Fluorophore-encapsulated nanoliposomes (FENs) are emerging as a new fluorescent probe for sensing the enzymatic activity. In this work, two fluorochromes (cy7 and IR780) were encapsulated into the liposome of sphingomyelin, and therefore, a sphingomyelin-based ratiometric FEN probe for the SMase activity assay was constructed. The probe shows high selectivity and sensitivity to acid SMase with a detection limit of 4.8 × 10-4 U/mL. Sphingomyelin is the natural substrate of SMase; therefore, the probe has native ability for all kinds of SMase activity assays. Moreover, the probe has been successfully applied to the analysis of acid SMase activity in cells and urine samples. As far as we know, this is the first example of a nanoliposome fluorescence method for assaying acid SMase, and the method is biocompatible and much simpler than the existing ones, which might provide a new strategy for developing new methods for other important esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Trusek A, Kijak E. Drug Carriers Based on Graphene Oxide and Hydrogel: Opportunities and Challenges in Infection Control Tested by Amoxicillin Release. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123182. [PMID: 34207735 PMCID: PMC8228297 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was proposed as an efficient carrier of antibiotics. The model drug, amoxicillin (AMOX), was attached to GO using a peptide linker (Leu-Leu-Gly). GO-AMOX was dispersed in a hydrogel to which the enzyme responsible for releasing AMOX from GO was also added. The drug molecules were released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptide bond in the linker. As the selected enzyme, bromelain, a plant enzyme, was used. The antibacterial nature of the carrier was determined by its ability to inhibit the growth of the Enterococcus faecalis strain, which is one of the bacterial species responsible for periodontal and root canal diseases. The prepared carrier contained only biocompatible substances, and the confirmation of its lack of cytotoxicity was verified based on the mouse fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI 164. The proposed type of preparation, as a universal carrier of many different antibiotic molecules, can be considered as a suitable solution in the treatment of inflammation in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trusek
- Group of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.K.)
| | - Edward Kijak
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.K.)
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6
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Shah FJ, Caviglia C, Zór K, Carminati M, Ferrari G, Sampietro M, Martínez-Serrano A, Emnéus JK, Heiskanen AR. Impedance-based Real-time Monitoring of Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2021; 12:34-49. [PMID: 34966467 PMCID: PMC8667812 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present here the first impedance-based characterization of the differentiation process of two human mesencephalic fetal neural stem lines. The two dopaminergic neural stem cell lines used in this study, Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) and human ventral mesencephalic (hVM1 Bcl-XL), have been developed for the study of Parkinsonian pathogenesis and its treatment using cell replacement therapy. We show that if only relying on impedance magnitude analysis, which is by far the most usual approach in, e.g., cytotoxicity evaluation and drug screening applications, one may not be able to distinguish whether the neural stem cells in a population are proliferating or differentiating. However, the presented results highlight that equivalent circuit analysis can provide detailed information on cellular behavior, e.g. simultaneous changes in cell morphology, cell-cell contacts, and cell adhesion during formation of neural projections, which are the fundamental behavioral differences between proliferating and differentiating neural stem cells. Moreover, our work also demonstrates the sensitivity of impedance-based monitoring with capability to provide information on changes in cellular behavior in relation to proliferation and differentiation. For both of the studied cell lines, in already two days (one day after induction of differentiation) equivalent circuit analysis was able to show distinction between proliferation and differentiation conditions, which is significantly earlier than by microscopic imaging. This study demonstrates the potential of impedance-based monitoring as a technique of choice in the study of stem cell behavior, laying the foundation for screening assays to characterize stem cell lines and testing the efficacy epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Shah
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Particle Analytical ApS, Agern Allé 3, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - C. Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Radiometer Medical ApS, Åkandevej 21, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark
| | - K. Zór
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M. Carminati
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - G. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - M. Sampietro
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - A. Martínez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - J. K. Emnéus
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Present affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A. R. Heiskanen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Present affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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Serioli L, Laksafoss TZ, Haagensen JAJ, Sternberg C, Soerensen MP, Molin S, Zór K, Boisen A. Bacterial Cell Cultures in a Lab-on-a-Disc: A Simple and Versatile Tool for Quantification of Antibiotic Treatment Efficacy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13871-13879. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serioli
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trygvi Z. Laksafoss
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janus A. J. Haagensen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus Sternberg
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads P. Soerensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Molin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Trusek A, Kijak E, Granicka L. Graphene oxide as a potential drug carrier - Chemical carrier activation, drug attachment and its enzymatic controlled release. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111240. [PMID: 32806281 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), due to its properties, such as nanometric dimensions, large specific surface area, and biocompatibility, can be used as a carrier in controlled drug release systems. The method of its chemical activation before drug molecules binding was elaborated. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, was attached to the surface of GO via the Gly-Gly-Leu linker. Approximately 3.07 · 1020 molecules of the tripeptide were attached to 1 g of GO and subsequently almost the same number of DOX molecules. GO was suspended inside a sol surrounded by a thin porous membrane. The bound DOX was effectively released using thermolysin, an enzyme cleaving peptide bonds between Gly and Leu inside the linker structure. The membrane, as the shell was responsible for keeping enzyme molecules in their native form and GO flakes inside the carrier, simultaneously allowed the released drug molecules to diffuse outside. The rate of drug release was described as a function of the enzyme concentration and mass of DOX expressed on carrier volume; thus, the daily dose and length of the therapy can be controlled. Studies involving the cell line of mice fibrosarcoma WEHI 164 have shown that the prepared carrier itself is not toxic and only the introduction of DOX-releasing enzyme into it causes cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trusek
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Group of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edward Kijak
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Dental Prosthetics, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ludomira Granicka
- The Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences Ks, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Monitoring cell endocytosis of liposomes by real-time electrical impedance spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6371-6380. [PMID: 32451643 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation and understanding the effect of drug delivery in in vitro systems is fundamental in drug discovery. We present an assay based on real-time electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements that can be used to follow the internalisation and cytotoxic effect of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive liposome formulation loaded with oxaliplatin (OxPt) on colorectal cancer cells. The EIS response identified two different cellular processes: (i) a negative peak in the cell index (CI) within the first 5 h, due to onset of liposome endocytosis, followed by (ii) a subsequent CI increase, due to the reattachment of cells until the onset of cytotoxicity with a decrease in CI. Free OxPt or OxPt-loaded Stealth liposomes did not show this two-stage EIS response; the latter can be due to the fact that Stealth cannot be cleaved by MMPs and thus is not taken up by the cells. Real-time bright-field imaging supported the EIS data, showing variations in cell adherence and cell morphology after exposure to the different liposome formulations. A drastic decrease in cell coverage as well as rounding up of cells during the first 5 h of exposure to OxPt-loaded (MMP)-sensitive liposome formulation is reflected by the first negative EIS response, which indicates the onset of liposome endocytosis. Graphical abstract.
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10
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Tadini-Buoninsegni F, Palchetti I. Label-Free Bioelectrochemical Methods for Evaluation of Anticancer Drug Effects at a Molecular Level. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071812. [PMID: 32218227 PMCID: PMC7181070 DOI: 10.3390/s20071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial family of diseases that is still a leading cause of death worldwide. More than 100 different types of cancer affecting over 60 human organs are known. Chemotherapy plays a central role for treating cancer. The development of new anticancer drugs or new uses for existing drugs is an exciting and increasing research area. This is particularly important since drug resistance and side effects can limit the efficacy of the chemotherapy. Thus, there is a need for multiplexed, cost-effective, rapid, and novel screening methods that can help to elucidate the mechanism of the action of anticancer drugs and the identification of novel drug candidates. This review focuses on different label-free bioelectrochemical approaches, in particular, impedance-based methods, the solid supported membranes technique, and the DNA-based electrochemical sensor, that can be used to evaluate the effects of anticancer drugs on nucleic acids, membrane transporters, and living cells. Some relevant examples of anticancer drug interactions are presented which demonstrate the usefulness of such methods for the characterization of the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs that are targeted against various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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11
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Khalid MAU, Kim YS, Ali M, Lee BG, Cho YJ, Choi KH. A lung cancer-on-chip platform with integrated biosensors for physiological monitoring and toxicity assessment. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Rajendran ST, Scarano E, Bergkamp MH, Capria AM, Cheng CH, Sanger K, Ferrari G, Nielsen LH, Hwu ET, Zór K, Boisen A. Modular, Lightweight, Wireless Potentiostat-on-a-Disc for Electrochemical Detection in Centrifugal Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11620-11628. [PMID: 31335122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing electrochemical sensors in a lab-on-a-disc (LoD) system with a potentiostat is often tedious and challenging. We here present the first multichannel, modular, lightweight, and wirelessly powered, custom-built potentiostat-on-a-disc (PoD) for centrifugal microfluidic applications. The developed potentiostat is in the form factor of a typical digital video disc (DVD) and weighs only 127 g. The design of the potentiostat facilitates easy and robust interfacing with the electrodes in the LoD system, while enabling real-time electrochemical detection during rotation. The device can perform different electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and amperometry while being controlled by custom-made software. Measurements were conducted with and without rotation using both in-house fabricated and commercial electrodes. The performance of the PoD was in good agreement with the results obtained using a commercial potentiostat with a measured current resolution of 200 pA. As a proof of concept, we performed a real-time release study of an electrochemically active compound from microdevices used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Thoppe Rajendran
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Ermes Scarano
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , University of Naples Federico II , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Max H Bergkamp
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Applied Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5612 AE Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro M Capria
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , University of Naples Federico II , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Chung-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Kuldeep Sanger
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Giorgio Ferrari
- Department of Electronics Engineering , Polytechnic University of Milan , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Line H Nielsen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - En-Te Hwu
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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13
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Regnault C, Dheeman DS, Hochstetter A. Microfluidic Devices for Drug Assays. High Throughput 2018; 7:E18. [PMID: 29925804 PMCID: PMC6023517 DOI: 10.3390/ht7020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we give an overview of the current state of microfluidic-based high-throughput drug assays. In this highly interdisciplinary research field, various approaches have been applied to high-throughput drug screening, including microtiter plate, droplets microfluidics as well as continuous flow, diffusion and concentration gradients-based microfluidic drug assays. Therefore, we reviewed over 100 recent publications in the field and sorted them according to their microfluidic approach. As a result, we are showcasing, comparing and discussing broadly applied approaches as well as singular promising ones that might contribute to shaping the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Regnault
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Dharmendra S Dheeman
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Axel Hochstetter
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK.
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14
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Carminati M, Ferrari G, Vahey MD, Voldman J, Sampietro M. Miniaturized Impedance Flow Cytometer: Design Rules and Integrated Readout. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2017; 11:1438-1449. [PMID: 28952947 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2017.2748158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A dual-channel credit-card-sized impedance cell counter featuring a throughput of 2000 cell/s and detection of single yeast cells (5 μm) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB is presented. Its compactness is achieved by a CMOS ASIC combining a lock-in impedance demodulator with an oversampling 20-bit ΣΔ ADC and real-time peak detection embedded in field-programmable gate array. The module is coupled to a dielectrophoretic cell-sorting microfluidic device, offering compact and label-free electrical readout that replaces the need for a fluorescence microscope and, thus, is suitable for point-of-care diagnostics. The independent role of each dimension of the planar sensing microelectrodes is demonstrated, with simulations and experiments, along with its relevant effect on the spectrum of thin channels, deriving useful design guidelines.
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15
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Chudy M, Tokarska K, Jastrzębska E, Bułka M, Drozdek S, Lamch Ł, Wilk KA, Brzózka Z. Lab-on-a-chip systems for photodynamic therapy investigations. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 101:37-51. [PMID: 29035761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received widespread attention in cancer treatment due to its smaller surgical trauma, better selectivity towards tumor cells, reduced side effects and possibility of repeatable treatment. Since cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, scientists constantly seek for new potential therapeutic agents including nanotechnology-based photosensitizers used in PDT. The new-designed nanostructures must be carefully studied and well characterized what require analytically useful and powerful tools that enable real progress in nanoscience development. This review describes the current status of PDT investigations using microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip systems, including recent developments of nanoparticle-based PDT agents, their combinations with different drugs, designs and examples of in vitro applications. This review mainly lays emphasis on biological evaluation of FDA approved photosensitizing agents as well as newly designed nanophotosensitizers. It also highlights the analytical performances of various microfluidic Lab-on-a-chip systems for PDT efficacy analysis on 3D culture and discusses microsystems designs in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Chudy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tokarska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bułka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Drozdek
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Lin C, Guo Y, Zhao M, Sun M, Luo F, Guo L, Qiu B, Lin Z, Chen G. Highly sensitive colorimetric immunosensor for influenza virus H5N1 based on enzyme-encapsulated liposome. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Advances of Microfluidic Technologies Applied in Bio-analytical Chemistry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Li S, Zhao Z. Using Nanoliposomes To Construct a FRET-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Sensing Intracellular pH Values. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12380-12385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate
School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate
School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Dai J, Hamon M, Jambovane S. Microfluidics for Antibiotic Susceptibility and Toxicity Testing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2016; 3:bioengineering3040025. [PMID: 28952587 PMCID: PMC5597268 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering3040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a major concern for worldwide policy makers as very few new antibiotics have been developed in the last twenty-five years. To prevent the death of millions of people worldwide, there is an urgent need for a cheap, fast and accurate set of tools and techniques that can help to discover and develop new antimicrobial drugs. In the past decade, microfluidic platforms have emerged as potential systems for conducting pharmacological studies. Recent studies have demonstrated that microfluidic platforms can perform rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests to evaluate antimicrobial drugs’ efficacy. In addition, the development of cell-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip platforms have enabled the early drug testing, providing more accurate insights into conventional cell cultures on the drug pharmacokinetics and toxicity, at the early and cheaper stage of drug development, i.e., prior to animal and human testing. In this review, we focus on the recent developments of microfluidic platforms for rapid antibiotics susceptibility testing, investigating bacterial persistence and non-growing but metabolically active (NGMA) bacteria, evaluating antibiotic effectiveness on biofilms and combinatorial effect of antibiotics, as well as microfluidic platforms that can be used for in vitro antibiotic toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Morgan Hamon
- Renal Regeneration Laboratory, VAGLAHS at Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sachin Jambovane
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The current state of screening methods for drug discovery is still riddled with several inefficiencies. Although some widely used high-throughput screening platforms may enhance the drug screening process, their cost and oversimplification of cell-drug interactions pose a translational difficulty. Microfluidic cell-chips resolve many issues found in conventional HTS technology, providing benefits such as reduced sample quantity and integration of 3D cell culture physically more representative of the physiological/pathological microenvironment. In this review, we introduce the advantages of microfluidic devices in drug screening, and outline the critical factors which influence device design, highlighting recent innovations and advances in the field including a summary of commercialization efforts on microfluidic cell chips. Future perspectives of microfluidic cell devices are also provided based on considerations of present technological limitations and translational barriers.
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21
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Carminati M, Ferrari G, Vergani M, Sampietro M. The role of micro-scale current sensing in biomedicine: A unifying view and design guidelines. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:3201-4. [PMID: 26736973 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electrical activity of cells is regulated by ion fluxes and chemical signaling between them is sustained by redox-reactive molecules. Consequently, current sensing represents a straightforward way to interface electronics with biology and a common detection tool in several applications spanning from patch-clamp and nanopores to micro-scale impedance tracking. Reaching pA resolution at the ms timescale represents a challenge for the readout circuit and here all the criticalities involved in the optimal design of the sensing electrode are reviewed. Advantages vs. drawbacks and risks of the use of silicon as active vs. passive substrate respectively are illustrated by means of experimental examples.
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22
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Raia L, Rondelli N, Bianchessi M, Carminati M. Microfluidic structures for large-scale manufacture combining photo-patternable materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel use of SiNR, a robust wafer bonding dry adhesive, for industrial and automatable fabrication of microfluidics compatible with DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Raia
- STMicroelectronics
- Advanced Systems Technology (AST)
- 20041 Agrate Brianza (MI)
- Italy
| | - N. Rondelli
- STMicroelectronics
- Advanced Systems Technology (AST)
- 20041 Agrate Brianza (MI)
- Italy
| | - M. Bianchessi
- STMicroelectronics
- Advanced Systems Technology (AST)
- 20041 Agrate Brianza (MI)
- Italy
| | - M. Carminati
- Politecnico di Milano
- Dipartimento di Elettronica
- Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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23
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Patabadige DEW, Jia S, Sibbitts J, Sadeghi J, Sellens K, Culbertson CT. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Fundamental Advances and Applications. Anal Chem 2015; 88:320-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damith E. W. Patabadige
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jalal Sadeghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Kathleen Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christopher T. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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24
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Zhou F, Li B. Exonuclease III-Assisted Target Recycling Amplification Coupled with Liposome-Assisted Amplification: One-Step and Dual-Amplification Strategy for Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of DNA. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7156-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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25
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Caviglia C, Zór K, Canepa S, Carminati M, Larsen LB, Raiteri R, Andresen TL, Heiskanen A, Emnéus J. Interdependence of initial cell density, drug concentration and exposure time revealed by real-time impedance spectroscopic cytotoxicity assay. Analyst 2015; 140:3623-9. [PMID: 25868456 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the combined effect of the initial cell density (12,500, 35,000, 75,000, and 100,000 cells cm(-2)) and concentration of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin on HeLa cells by performing time-dependent cytotoxicity assays using real-time electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A correlation between the rate of cell death and the initial cell seeding density was found at 2.5 μM doxorubicin concentration, whereas this was not observed at 5 or 100 μM. By sensing the changes in the cell-substrate interaction using impedance spectroscopy under static conditions, the onset of cytotoxicity was observed 5 h earlier than when using a standard colorimetric end-point assay (MTS) which measures changes in the mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, with the MTS assay no cytotoxicity was observed after 15 h of incubation with 2.5 μM doxorubicin, whereas the impedance showed at this time point cell viability that was below 25%. These results indicate that impedance detection reveals cytotoxic events undetectable when using the MTS assay, highlighting the importance of combining impedance detection with traditional drug toxicity assays towards a more in depth understanding of the effect of anti-cancer drugs on in vitro assays. Moreover, the detection of doxorubicin induced toxicity determined with impedance under static conditions proved to be 6 times faster than in perfusion culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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26
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Gaurav C, Nikhil G, Deepti S, Kalra S, Goutam R, Amit GK. Albumin stabilized silver nanoparticles–clotrimazole β-cyclodextrin hybrid nanocomposite for enriched anti-fungal activity in normal and drug resistant Candida cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanohybrid based strategy to counter the problem of drug resistance inCandidacells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chauhan Gaurav
- DBT Lab
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy
- Moga
- India
| | - Gupta Nikhil
- DBT Lab
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy
- Moga
- India
| | - Sehrawat Deepti
- DBT Lab
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy
- Moga
- India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Bioinformatics Centre
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Rath Goutam
- DBT Lab
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy
- Moga
- India
| | - Goyal K. Amit
- DBT Lab
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy
- Moga
- India
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