1
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Rangel-Angarita V, Mahoney KE, Kwon C, Sarker R, Lucas TM, Malaker SA. False-Positive Glycopeptide Identification via In-FAIMS Fragmentation. JACS AU 2023; 3:2498-2509. [PMID: 37772174 PMCID: PMC10523363 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) separates glycopeptides in the gas phase prior to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, thus offering the potential to analyze glycopeptides without prior enrichment. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of FAIMS to enhance glycopeptide detection but have primarily focused on N-glycosylation. Here, we evaluated FAIMS for O-glycoprotein and mucin-domain glycoprotein analysis using samples of varying complexity. We demonstrated that FAIMS was useful in increasingly complex samples as it allowed for the identification of more glycosylated species. However, during our analyses, we observed a phenomenon called "in FAIMS fragmentation" (IFF) akin to in source fragmentation but occurring during FAIMS separation. FAIMS experiments showed a 2- to 5-fold increase in spectral matches from IFF compared with control experiments. These results were also replicated in previously published data, indicating that this is likely a systemic occurrence when using FAIMS. Our study highlights that although there are potential benefits to using FAIMS separation, caution must be exercised in data analysis because of prevalent IFF, which may limit its applicability in the broader field of O-glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rangel-Angarita
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Keira E. Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Catherine Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Raibat Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Taryn M. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Stacy A. Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New
Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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2
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Bansal P, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Multistage Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy for Glycan Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:695-700. [PMID: 36881006 PMCID: PMC10080682 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans makes their characterization challenging, not only because of the presence of various isomeric forms of the precursor molecule but also because the fragments can themselves be isomeric. We have recently developed an IMS-CID-IMS approach using structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) combined with cryogenic infrared (IR) spectroscopy for glycan analysis. It allows mobility separation and collision-induced dissociation of a precursor glycan followed by mobility separation and IR spectroscopy of the fragments. While this approach holds great promise for glycan analysis, we often encounter fragments for which we have no standards to identify their spectroscopic fingerprint. In this work, we perform proof-of-principle experiments employing a multistage SLIM-based IMS-CID technique to generate second-generation fragments, followed by their mobility separation and spectroscopic interrogation. This approach provides detailed structural information about the first-generation fragments, including their anomeric form, which in turn can be used to identify the precursor glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas R. Rizzo
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Abstract
Mucin-domain glycoproteins comprise a class of proteins whose densely O-glycosylated mucin domains adopt a secondary structure with unique biophysical and biochemical properties. The canonical family of mucins is well-known to be involved in various diseases, especially cancer. Despite this, very little is known about the site-specific molecular structures and biological activities of mucins, in part because they are extremely challenging to study by mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we summarize recent advancements toward this goal, with a particular focus on mucin-domain glycoproteins as opposed to general O-glycoproteins. We summarize proteolytic digestion techniques, enrichment strategies, MS fragmentation, and intact analysis, as well as new bioinformatic platforms. In particular, we highlight mucin directed technologies such as mucin-selective proteases, tunable mucin platforms, and a mucinomics strategy to enrich mucin-domain glycoproteins from complex samples. Finally, we provide examples of targeted mucin-domain glycoproteomics that combine these techniques in comprehensive site-specific analyses of proteins. Overall, this Review summarizes the methods, challenges, and new opportunities associated with studying enigmatic mucin domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rangel-Angarita
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Stacy A. Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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4
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Wang X, Jiang Q, Li H, Chen DDY. Rapid fingerprint analysis for herbal polysaccharides using direct analysis in real-time ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9139. [PMID: 34087017 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Herbal polysaccharides have various potential medicinal values. Development of reliable analytical method for the fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides is critical for their quality assessment, origin identification, and authenticity evaluation. METHODS Mechanochemical extraction (MCE) was used to extract polysaccharide components from different herbal species. Intact polysaccharides were then directly analyzed by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Standard addition method with isotope-labeled internal standard was used to quantify polysaccharide amounts directly from liquid extract. Multivariate data analysis was further conducted for species classification. RESULTS The intact and large polysaccharides were decomposed into small fragment ions less than m/z 350 instantaneously using DART ion source. Different polysaccharides showed distinguished fingerprint DART-MS spectra using both individual and mixed herbal species. The liquid supernatant from MCE was validated to be used as direct sample for DART-MS analysis. Quantitation was successfully achieved for polysaccharide contents in Dendrobium officinale from different locations. CONCLUSIONS A rapid fingerprint protocol in combination of MCE and DART-MS for herbal polysaccharides was developed. The whole process could be accomplished within a few minutes, from raw materials to final spectra, without requirements of pre-digestion and additional sample purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - David D Y Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Jiang Q, Wang Y, Li H, Chen DDY. Combining online size exclusion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to characterize plant polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116591. [PMID: 32747250 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing polysaccharides with large molecular weights and isomeric heterogeneity with mass spectrometry (MS) is generally difficult. In this work, we demonstrate how coupling size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high-resolution MS with source-induced dissociation (SID) can be used for the separation and direct structural evaluation of intact polysaccharides. The analytical method was successfully developed using dextran standards up to 3755 kDa. This method was used to separate naturally occurring plant polysaccharides based on size, after which numerous polysaccharide fragments were identified from the resulting MS spectra. The results provided strong evidence for structural diversity, complexity, and heterogeneity among polysaccharides. MS showed superior sensitivity and reliability for the polysaccharides in eluted fractions when compared to a refractive index detector. Putative compositions for the fragments were proposed based on exact mass values. The work demonstrated that SEC-SID-MS is a feasible alternative for obtaining valuable structural information from the analysis of intact polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - David D Y Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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6
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Wu Q, Wang JY, Han DQ, Yao ZP. Recent advances in differentiation of isomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Rue EA, Glinski JA, Glinski VB, van Breemen RB. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry for the separation and analysis of procyanidins. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4377. [PMID: 31144405 PMCID: PMC7531352 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins are polymeric flavan-3-ones occurring in many plants with antioxidant and other beneficial bioactivities. They are composed of catechin and epicatechin monomeric units connected by single carbon-carbon B-type linkages or A-type linkages containing both carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen-carbon bonds. Their polymeric structure makes analysis of procyanidin mixtures always difficult. Evaluation of procyanidins according to degree of polymerization (DP) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is time-consuming and at best has resolved polymeric families up to DP-17. To expedite studies of procyanidins, the utility of positive ion electrospray ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) was investigated for the rapid separation and characterization of procyanidins in mixtures. Applying IM-MS to analyse structurally defined standards containing up to five subunits, procyanidins could be resolved in less than 6 ms not only by degree of polymerization but also by linkage type. A-type procyanidins could be resolved from B-type and both could be at least partially resolved from mixed-type procyanidins of the same DP. IM-MS separated higher order procyanidins with DP of at least 24 from extracts of cranberry. As DP increased, the abundances of multiply-charged procyanidins also increased. During IM-MS of ions of similar m/z, the ion drift times decreased inversely with increasing charge state. Therefore, IM-MS was shown to separate mixtures of procyanidins containing at least 24 interconnected subunits in less than 16 ms, not only according to DP, but also according to linkage type between subunits and charge state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Rue
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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8
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Mu Y, Schulz BL, Ferro V. Applications of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102557. [PMID: 30301275 PMCID: PMC6222328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate analyses are often challenging due to the structural complexity of these molecules, as well as the lack of suitable analytical tools for distinguishing the vast number of possible isomers. The coupled technique, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), has been in use for two decades for the analysis of complex biomolecules, and in recent years it has emerged as a powerful technique for the analysis of carbohydrates. For carbohydrates, most studies have focused on the separation and characterization of isomers in biological samples. IM-MS is capable of separating isomeric ions by drift time, and further characterizing them by mass analysis. Applications of IM-MS in carbohydrate analysis are extremely useful and important for understanding many biological mechanisms and for the determination of disease states, although efforts are still needed for higher sensitivity and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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9
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Nagy G, Attah IK, Garimella SVB, Tang K, Ibrahim YM, Baker ES, Smith RD. Unraveling the isomeric heterogeneity of glycans: ion mobility separations in structures for lossless ion manipulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11701-11704. [PMID: 30264832 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06966b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To address the challenges associated with glycan analyses, we have implemented a structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) serpentine ultra-long path with extended routing (SUPER) ion mobility-mass spectrometry (i.e. SLIM SUPER IM-MS) platform to achieve much higher resolution of isomeric glycoforms. We have demonstrated the potential of this platform as a future component of the glycomics toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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10
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Morrison KA, Bendiak BK, Clowers BH. Assessment of Dimeric Metal-Glycan Adducts via Isotopic Labeling and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1638-1649. [PMID: 29802562 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adduction of multivalent metal ions to glycans has been shown in recent years to produce altered tandem mass spectra with collision-induced dissociation, electron transfer techniques, and photon-based fragmentation approaches. However, these approaches assume the presence of a well-characterized precursor ion population and do not fully account for the possibility of multimeric species for select glycan-metal complexes. With the use of ion mobility separations prior to mass analysis, doubly charged dimers are not necessarily problematic for tandem MS experiments given that monomer and dimer drift times are sufficiently different. However, multistage mass spectrometric experiments performed on glycans adducted to multivalent metals without mobility separation can yield chimeric fragmentation spectra that are essentially a superposition of the fragments from both the monomeric and dimeric adducts. For homodimeric adducts, where the dimer contains two of the same glycan species, this is less of a concern but if heterodimers can form, there exists the potential for erroneous and misleading fragment ions to appear if a heterodimer containing two different isomers is fragmented along with a targeted monomer. We present an assessment of heterodimer formation between a series of six tetrasaccharides, of which three are isomers, adducted with cobalt(II) and a monodeuterated tetrasaccharide. Using ion mobility separations prior to single-stage and tandem mass analysis, the data shown demonstrate that heterodimeric species can indeed form, and that ion mobility separations are highly necessary prior to using tandem techniques on metal-glycan adducts. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Morrison
- Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164-4630, USA
| | - Brad K Bendiak
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164-4630, USA.
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11
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Harvey DJ, Seabright GE, Vasiljevic S, Crispin M, Struwe WB. Isomer Information from Ion Mobility Separation of High-Mannose Glycan Fragments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:972-988. [PMID: 29508223 PMCID: PMC5940726 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracted arrival time distributions of negative ion CID-derived fragments produced prior to traveling-wave ion mobility separation were evaluated for their ability to provide structural information on N-linked glycans. Fragmentation of high-mannose glycans released from several glycoproteins, including those from viral sources, provided over 50 fragments, many of which gave unique collisional cross-sections and provided additional information used to assign structural isomers. For example, cross-ring fragments arising from cleavage of the reducing terminal GlcNAc residue on Man8GlcNAc2 isomers have unique collision cross-sections enabling isomers to be differentiated in mixtures. Specific fragment collision cross-sections enabled identification of glycans, the antennae of which terminated in the antigenic α-galactose residue, and ions defining the composition of the 6-antenna of several of the glycans were also found to have different cross-sections from isomeric ions produced in the same spectra. Potential mechanisms for the formation of the various ions are discussed and the estimated collisional cross-sections are tabulated. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
- Center for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Gemma E Seabright
- Center for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Snezana Vasiljevic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Center for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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12
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Characterization of plant polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale by multiple chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1547:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Ma H, Jiang Q, Dai D, Li H, Bi W, Da Yong Chen D. Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of Large Saccharides. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3628-3636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Diya Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wentao Bi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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14
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D'Atri V, Causon T, Hernandez-Alba O, Mutabazi A, Veuthey JL, Cianferani S, Guillarme D. Adding a new separation dimension to MS and LC-MS: What is the utility of ion mobility spectrometry? J Sep Sci 2017; 41:20-67. [PMID: 29024509 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique known for more than 100 years, which entails separating ions in the gas phase based on their size, shape, and charge. While ion mobility spectrometry alone can be useful for some applications (mostly security analysis for detecting certain classes of narcotics and explosives), it becomes even more powerful in combination with mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Indeed, the limited resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry alone can be tackled when combining this analytical strategy with mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Over the last few years, the hyphenation of ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has attracted more and more interest, with significant progresses in both technical advances and pioneering applications. This review describes the theoretical background, available technologies, and future capabilities of these techniques. It also highlights a wide range of applications, from small molecules (natural products, metabolites, glycans, lipids) to large biomolecules (proteins, protein complexes, biopharmaceuticals, oligonucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim Causon
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Mutabazi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Hofmann J, Pagel K. Glykananalyse mittels Ionenmobilitäts-Massenspektrometrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hofmann
- Abteilung Molekülphysik; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 Deutschland
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16
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Hofmann J, Pagel K. Glycan Analysis by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8342-8349. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hofmann
- Abteilung Molekülphysik; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 Germany
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17
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Furuhashi T, Okuda K. Application of GC/MS Soft Ionization for Isomeric Biological Compound Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:438-453. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1320215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Furuhashi
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Okuda
- JEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Morrison KA, Bendiak BK, Clowers BH. Enhanced Mixture Separations of Metal Adducted Tetrasaccharides Using Frequency Encoded Ion Mobility Separations and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:664-677. [PMID: 27796835 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Using five isomeric tetrasaccharides in combination with seven multivalent metals, the impact on mobility separations and resulting CID spectra were examined using a hybrid ion mobility atmospheric pressure drift tube system coupled with a linear ion trap. By enhancing the duty cycle of the drift tube system using a linearly chirped frequency, the collision-induced dissociation spectra were encoded in the mobility domain according to the drift times of each glycan isomer precursor. Differential fragmentation patterns correlated with precursor drift times ensured direct assignment of fragments with precursor structure whether as individual standards or in a mixture of isomers. In addition to certain metal ions providing higher degrees of separation than others, in select cases more than one arrival time distribution was observed for a single pure carbohydrate isomer. These observations suggest the existence of alternative coordination sites within a single monomeric species, but more interesting was the observation of different fragmentation ion yields for carbohydrate dimers formed through metal adduction. Positive-ion data were also compared with negative-ion species, where dimer formation did not occur and single peaks were observed for each isomeric tetrasaccharide-alditol. This enhanced analytical power has implications not only for carbohydrate molecules but also for a wide variety of complex mixtures of molecules where dissociation spectra may potentially be derived from combinations of monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric species having identical nominal m/z values. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Brad K Bendiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 E 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Gray C, Thomas B, Upton R, Migas L, Eyers C, Barran P, Flitsch S. Applications of ion mobility mass spectrometry for high throughput, high resolution glycan analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1688-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yang H, Shi L, Zhuang X, Su R, Wan D, Song F, Li J, Liu S. Identification of structurally closely related monosaccharide and disaccharide isomers by PMP labeling in conjunction with IM-MS/MS. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28079. [PMID: 27306514 PMCID: PMC4910106 DOI: 10.1038/srep28079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains particularly difficult for gaining unambiguous information on anomer, linkage, and position isomers of oligosaccharides using conventional mass spectrometry (MS) methods. In our laboratory, an ion mobility (IM) shift strategy was employed to improve confidence in the identification of structurally closely related disaccharide and monosaccharide isomers using IMMS. Higher separation between structural isomers was achieved using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatization in comparison with phenylhydrazine (PHN) derivatization. Furthermore, the combination of pre-IM fragmentation of PMP derivatives provided sufficient resolution to separate the isomers not resolved in the IMMS. To chart the structural variation observed in IMMS, the collision cross sections (CCSs) for the corresponding ions were measured. We analyzed nine disaccharide and three monosaccharide isomers that differ in composition, linkages, or configuration. Our data show that coexisting carbohydrate isomers can be identified by the PMP labeling technique in conjunction with ion-mobility separation and tandem mass spectrometry. The practical application of this rapid and effective method that requires only small amounts of sample is demonstrated by the successful analysis of water-soluble ginseng extract. This demonstrated the potential of this method to measure a variety of heterogeneous sample mixtures, which may have an important impact on the field of glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lei Shi
- High Temperature Reactor Holdings Co., Ltd., China Nuclear Engineering Group Co., Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhuang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Rui Su
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Fengrui Song
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jinying Li
- High Temperature Reactor Holdings Co., Ltd., China Nuclear Engineering Group Co., Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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May JC, Gant-Branum RL, McLean JA. Targeting the untargeted in molecular phenomics with structurally-selective ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 39:192-197. [PMID: 27132126 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Systems-wide molecular phenomics is rapidly expanding through technological advances in instrumentation and bioinformatics. Strategies such as structural mass spectrometry, which utilizes size and shape measurements with molecular weight, serve to characterize the sum of molecular expression in biological contexts, where broad-scale measurements are made that are interpreted through big data statistical techniques to reveal underlying patterns corresponding to phenotype. The data density, data dimensionality, data projection, and data interrogation are all critical aspects of these approaches to turn data into salient information. Untargeted molecular phenomics is already having a dramatic impact in discovery science from drug discovery to synthetic biology. It is evident that these emerging techniques will integrate closely in broad efforts aimed at precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Christopher May
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Randi Lee Gant-Branum
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John Allen McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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22
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Harvey DJ, Scarff CA, Edgeworth M, Struwe WB, Pagel K, Thalassinos K, Crispin M, Scrivens J. Travelling-wave ion mobility and negative ion fragmentation of high-mannose N-glycans. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:219-35. [PMID: 26956389 PMCID: PMC4821469 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The isomeric structure of high-mannose N-glycans can significantly impact biological recognition events. Here, the utility of travelling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry for isomer separation of high-mannose N-glycans is investigated. Negative ion fragmentation using collision-induced dissociation gave more informative spectra than positive ion spectra with mass-different fragment ions characterizing many of the isomers. Isomer separation by ion mobility in both ionization modes was generally limited, with the arrival time distributions (ATD) often showing little sign of isomers. However, isomers could be partially resolved by plotting extracted fragment ATDs of the diagnostic fragment ions from the negative ion spectra, and the fragmentation spectra of the isomers could be extracted by using ions from limited areas of the ATD peak. In some cases, asymmetric ATDs were observed, but no isomers could be detected by fragmentation. In these cases, it was assumed that conformers or anomers were being separated. Collision cross sections of the isomers in positive and negative fragmentation mode were estimated from travelling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry data using dextran glycans as calibrant. More complete collision cross section data were achieved in negative ion mode by utilizing the diagnostic fragment ions. Examples of isomer separations are shown for N-glycans released from the well-characterized glycoproteins chicken ovalbumin, porcine thyroglobulin and gp120 from the human immunodeficiency virus. In addition to the cross-sectional data, details of the negative ion collision-induced dissociation spectra of all resolved isomers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Charlotte A. Scarff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
- Current address, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew Edgeworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Weston B. Struwe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse. 3, 14159 Berlin, Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jim Scrivens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
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Maurer MM, Donohoe GC, Valentine SJ. Advances in ion mobility-mass spectrometry instrumentation and techniques for characterizing structural heterogeneity. Analyst 2015; 140:6782-98. [PMID: 26114255 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00922g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enabling IM-MS instrumentation and techniques for characterizing sample structural heterogeneity have developed rapidly over the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Maurer
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Gregory C. Donohoe
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
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