1
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Zimnicka MM. Structural studies of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by ion mobility mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:526-559. [PMID: 37260128 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in instrumentation and development of computational strategies for ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) studies have contributed to an extensive growth in the application of this analytical technique to comprehensive structural description of supramolecular systems. Apart from the benefits of IM-MS for interrogation of intrinsic properties of noncovalent aggregates in the experimental gas-phase environment, its merits for the description of native structural aspects, under the premises of having maintained the noncovalent interactions innate upon the ionization process, have attracted even more attention and gained increasing interest in the scientific community. Thus, various types of supramolecular complexes and assemblies relevant for biological, medical, material, and environmental sciences have been characterized so far by IM-MS supported by computational chemistry. This review covers the state-of-the-art in this field and discusses experimental methods and accompanying computational approaches for assessing the reliable three-dimensional structural elucidation of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Zimnicka
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Chatterjee P, Dutta SS, Agarwal M, Dey S, Chakraborty T. UV-A-Induced Photoisomerization and Photodimerization of Curcumin: An Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:548-562. [PMID: 38206070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, the bioactive compound present in spice plant turmeric, has been shown to exhibit selective phototoxic activities toward mammalian cancer cells, and it is being used extensively as a photosensitizer (PS) in photodynamic therapies (PDT). However, so far, the fate of curcumin toward photochemical transformations is not well understood. Here we report our findings of a number of novel photochemical reaction channels of curcumin in water-methanol mixture, like photoisomerization, photodimerization, and photooxidation (H2-loss). The reaction was performed by irradiating the curcumin solution with ultraviolet (UV) light of wavelength 350 nm, which is abundant in the earth's troposphere. Product identification and structure elucidation are done by employing an integrated method of drift tube ion mobility mass spectrometry (DTIMS) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the mass-selected molecular ions. Two photoisomers of curcumin produced as a result of trans-cis configurational changes about C═C double bonds in the excited state have been identified, and it has been shown that they could serve as the precursors for formation of isomeric dimers via [2 + 2] cycloaddition and H2-loss products. Comparisons of the experimentally measured collision cross-section (CCS) values of the reactant and product ions obtained by the DTIMS method with those predicted by the electronic structure theory are found to be very effective for the discrimination of the produced photoisomers. The observed photochemical reaction channels are potentially significant toward uses of curcumin as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhra Sankar Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Megha Agarwal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Supriyo Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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3
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Wan J, Nytka M, Qian H, Lemr K, Tureček F. Do d(GCGAAGC) Cations Retain the Hairpin Structure in the Gas Phase? A Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Density Functional Theory Computational Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2323-2340. [PMID: 37696624 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
d(GCGAAGC) is the smallest oligonucleotide with a well-defined hairpin structure in solution. We report a study of multiply protonated d(GCGAAGC) and its sequence-scrambled isomers, d(CGAAGCG), d(GCGAACG), and d(CGGAAGC), that were produced by electrospray ionization with the goal of investigating their gas-phase structures and dissociations. Cyclic ion mobility measurements revealed that dications of d(GCGAAGC) as well as the scrambled-sequence ions were mixtures of protomers and/or conformers that had collision cross sections (CCS) within a 439-481 Å2 range. Multiple ion conformers were obtained by electrospray under native conditions as well as from aqueous methanol. Arrival time distribution profiles were characteristic of individual isomeric heptanucleotides. Extensive Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of d(GCGAAGC)2+ isomers indicated that hairpin structures were high-energy isomers of more compact distorted conformers. Protonation caused a break up of the C2···G6 pair that was associated with the formation of strong hydrogen bonds in zwitterionic phosphate anion-nucleobase cation motifs that predominated in low energy ions. Multiple components were also obtained for d(GCGAAGC)3+ trications under native and denaturing electrospray conditions. The calculated trication structures showed disruption of the G···C pairs in low energy zwitterions. A hairpin trication was calculated to be a high energy isomer. d(GCGAAGC)4+ tetracations were produced and separated by c-IMS as two major isomers. All low energy d(GCGAAGC)4+ ions obtained by DFT geometry optimizations were zwitterions in which all five purine bases were protonated, and the ion charge was balanced by a phosphate anion. Tetracations of the scrambled sequences were each formed as one dominant isomer. The CCS calculated with the MobCal-MPI method were found to closely match experimental values. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of multiply charged heptanucleotides showed nucleobase loss and backbone cleavages occurring chiefly at the terminal nucleosides. Electron-transfer-CID tandem mass spectra were used to investigate dissociations of different charge and spin states of charge-reduced heptanucleotide cation radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Marianna Nytka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Haocheng Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Karel Lemr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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4
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Haack A, Ieritano C, Hopkins WS. MobCal-MPI 2.0: an accurate and parallelized package for calculating field-dependent collision cross sections and ion mobilities. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37376881 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00545c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which can be employed as either a stand-alone instrument or coupled to mass spectrometry, has become an important tool for analytical chemistry. Because of the direct relation between an ion's mobility and its structure, which is intrinsically related to its collision cross section (CCS), IMS techniques can be used in tandem with computational tools to elucidate ion geometric structure. Here, we present MobCal-MPI 2.0, a software package that demonstrates excellent accuracy (RMSE 2.16%) and efficiency in calculating low-field CCSs via the trajectory method (≤30 minutes on 8 cores for ions with ≤70 atoms). MobCal-MPI 2.0 expands on its predecessor by enabling the calculation of high-field mobilities through the implementation of the 2nd order approximation to two-temperature theory (2TT). By further introducing an empirical correction to account for deviations between 2TT and experiment, MobCal-MPI 2.0 can compute accurate high-field mobilities that exhibit a mean deviation of <4% from experimentally measured values. Moreover, the velocities used to sample ion-neutral collisions were updated from a weighted to a linear grid, enabling the near-instantaneous evaluation of mobility/CCS at any effective temperature from a single set of N2 scattering trajectories. Several enhancements made to the code are also discussed, including updates to the statistical analysis of collision event sampling and benchmarking of overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, N0B 2T0, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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5
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Chakraborty P, Neumaier M, Weis P, Kappes MM. Exploring Isomerism in Isolated Cyclodextrin Oligomers through Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:676-684. [PMID: 36952473 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) macrocycles are used to create a wide range of supramolecular architectures which are also of interest in applications such as selective gas adsorption, drug delivery, and catalysis. However, predicting their assemblies and identifying the possible isomers in CD oligomers have always remained challenging due to their dynamic nature. Herein, we interacted CDs (α, β, and γ) with a divalent metal ion, Cu2+, to create a series of Cu2+-linked CD oligomers, from dimers to pentamers. We characterized these oligomers using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and probed isomerism in each of these isolated oligomers using high resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Using this technique, we separated multiple isomers for each of the Cu2+-interlinked CD oligomers and estimated their relative population, which was not accessible previously using other characterization techniques. We further carried out structural analysis of the observed isomers by comparing the experimental collision cross sections (CCSs) to that of modeled structures. We infer that the isomeric heterogeneity reflects size-specific packing patterns of individual CDs (e.g., close-packed/linear). In some cases, we also reveal the existence of kinetically trapped structures in the gas phase and study their transformation to thermodynamically controlled forms by examining the influence of activation of the ions on isomer interconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papri Chakraborty
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marco Neumaier
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Corinti D, Rotari L, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Oomens J, Berden G, Tintaru A, Chiavarino B. Protonated Forms of Naringenin and Naringenin Chalcone: Proteiform Bioactive Species Elucidated by IRMPD Spectroscopy, IMS, CID-MS, and Computational Approaches. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4005-4015. [PMID: 36849438 PMCID: PMC9999425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin (Nar) and its structural isomer, naringenin chalcone (ChNar), are two natural phytophenols with beneficial health effects belonging to the flavonoids family. A direct discrimination and structural characterization of the protonated forms of Nar and ChNar, delivered into the gas phase by electrospray ionization (ESI), was performed by mass spectrometry-based methods. In this study, we exploit a combination of electrospray ionization coupled to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry (HR-MS), collision-induced dissociation (CID) measurements, IR multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMS). While IMS and variable collision-energy CID experiments hardly differentiate the two isomers, IRMPD spectroscopy appears to be an efficient method to distinguish naringenin from its related chalcone. In particular, the spectral range between 1400 and 1700 cm-1 is highly specific in discriminating between the two protonated isomers. Selected vibrational signatures in the IRMPD spectra have allowed us to identify the nature of the metabolite present in methanolic extracts of commercial tomatoes and grapefruits. Furthermore, comparisons between experimental IRMPD and calculated IR spectra have clarified the geometries adopted by the two protonated isomers, allowing a conformational analysis of the probed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza
Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucretia Rotari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza
Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza
Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza
Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jos Oomens
- FELIX
Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525ED, Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- FELIX
Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525ED, Netherlands
| | - Aura Tintaru
- CNRS,
Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM UMR 7325, Aix Marseille University, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza
Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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7
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Hueber A, Green M, Ujma J, Richardson K, Gimbert Y, Cenac N, Bertrand-Michel J, Tabet JC. Energy-Resolved Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Composite Breakdown Curves for Distinguishing Isomeric Product Ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:36-47. [PMID: 36488200 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Identification of lipopeptides (LpAA) synthesized from bacteria involves the study of structural characterization. Twenty LpAA have been characterized using commercial tandem high-resolution mass spectrometers in negative electrospray, employing nonresonant excitation in "RF only" collision cells and generally behave identically. However, [LpAA-H]- (AA = Asp or Glu) shows surprising fragmentation pathways, yielding a complementary fatty acid carboxylate and dehydrated amino acid fragment anions. In this study, the dissociation mechanisms of [C12Glu-H]- were determinate using energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS). Product ion breakdown profiles are, generally, unimodal with full width at half-maximum (fwhm) increasing as product ion m/z ratios decrease, except for the two product ions of interest (fatty acid carboxylate and dehydrated glutamate) characterized by broad and composite profiles. Such behavior was already shown for other ions using a custom-built guided ion beam mass spectrometer. In this study, we investigate the meaning of these particular profiles from an ERMS breakdown, using fragmentation mechanisms depending on the collision energy. ERMS on line with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), here called ER-IMS, provides a way to probe such questions. Broad or composite profiles imply that the corresponding product ions may be generated by two (or more) pathways, resulting in common or isomeric product ion structures. ER-IMS analysis indicates that the fatty acid carboxylate product ion is produced with a common structure through different pathways, while dehydrated glutamate has two isomeric forms depending on the mechanism involved. Drift time values correlate with the calculated collision cross section that confirms the product ion structures and fragmentation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Hueber
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, ToulouseF-31077, France
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, ToulouseF-31024, France
- I2MC, INSERM, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, ToulouseF-31432, France
| | - Martin Green
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, WilmslowSK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Ujma
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, WilmslowSK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Richardson
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, WilmslowSK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005Paris, France
- Département de chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS, 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38050Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, ToulouseF-31024, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, ToulouseF-31077, France
- I2MC, INSERM, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, ToulouseF-31432, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, ToulouseF-31077, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), F-75005Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, F-91191Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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8
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Ieritano C, Hopkins WS. The hitchhiker's guide to dynamic ion-solvent clustering: applications in differential ion mobility spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20594-20615. [PMID: 36000315 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02540j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the fundamentals of ion-solvent clustering processes that are pertinent to understanding an ion's behaviour during differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) experiments. We contrast DMS with static-field ion mobility, where separation is affected by mobility differences under the high-field and low-field conditions of an asymmetric oscillating electric field. Although commonly used in mass spectrometric (MS) workflows to enhance signal-to-noise ratios and remove isobaric contaminants, the chemistry and physics that underpins the phenomenon of differential mobility has yet to be fully fleshed out. Moreover, we are just now making progress towards understanding how the DMS separation waveform creates a dynamic clustering environment when the carrier gas is seeded with the vapour of a volatile solvent molecule (e.g., methanol). Interestingly, one can correlate the dynamic clustering behaviour observed in DMS experiments with gas-phase and solution-phase molecular properties such as hydrophobicity, acidity, and solubility. However, to create a generalized, global model for property determination using DMS data one must employ machine learning. In this article, we provide a first-principles description of differential ion mobility in a dynamic clustering environment. We then discuss the correlation between dynamic clustering propensity and analyte physicochemical properties and demonstrate that analytes exhibiting similar ion-solvent interactions (e.g., charge-dipole) follow well-defined trends with respect to DMS clustering behaviour. Finally, we describe how supervised machine learning can be used to create predictive models of molecular properties using DMS data. We additionally highlight open questions in the field and provide our perspective on future directions that can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, N0B 2T0, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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9
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Chatterjee P, Dutta SS, Chakraborty T. Tautomers and Rotamers of Curcumin: A Combined UV Spectroscopy, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry, and Electronic Structure Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1591-1604. [PMID: 35239351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The structures of tautomers and rotameric forms of curcumin, the bioactive compound present in spice plant turmeric, have been investigated using ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Two tautomeric forms of this β-diketone compound, keto-enol and diketo, have been chromatographically separated, and the electronic absorption spectra for these two tautomeric forms in methanol solution have been recorded separately for the first time. The molecular identity of the HPLC-separated solution fractions is established unambiguously by recording the mass and fragmentation spectra simultaneously. The ion mobility spectrum for the deprotonated curcumin anion, [Cur-H]-, corresponding to the diketo tautomer, displays only one peak (P), and the collision cross-section (CCS) value is measured to be 185.9 Å2. However, the ion mobility spectrum corresponding to the HPLC-separated keto-enol tautomer shows three distinctly separated peaks, P, Q, and R, with CCS values of 185.9, 194.8, and 203.4 Å2, respectively, whereby peak R appears to be the most intense one, followed by peaks P and Q. The theoretically calculated CCS values of different isomers of [Cur-H]-, optimized by electronic structure theory methods, display satisfactory correlation with the experimentally observed values, corroborating our assignments. The spectral attributes also indicate the occurrence of structural rearrangements in the electrospray ionization process. With the aid of the electronic structure calculation, low-energy pathways for the occurrence of the structural isomerization to surpass the energy barrier are suggested, which are consistent with the assignments of the peaks observed in the IM spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhra Sankar Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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10
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Corinti D, Chiavarino B, Spano M, Tintaru A, Fornarini S, Crestoni ME. Molecular Basis for the Remarkably Different Gas-Phase Behavior of Deprotonated Thyroid Hormones Triiodothyronine (T3) and Reverse Triiodothyronine (rT3): A Clue for Their Discrimination? Anal Chem 2021; 93:14869-14877. [PMID: 34714056 PMCID: PMC8581966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Thyroid hormones
are biologically active small molecules responsible
for growth and development regulation, basal metabolic rate, and lipid
and carbohydrate metabolism. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
(LC–MS) can be used to quantify thyroid hormones blood level
with high speed and selectivity, aiming to improve the diagnosis and
treatment of the severe pathological conditions in which they are
implicated, i.e., hypo- and hyperthyroidism. In this work, the gas-phase
behavior of the isomeric thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and
reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) in their deprotonated form was studied
at a molecular level using MS-based techniques. Previously reported
collision-induced dissociation experiments yielded distinct spectra
despite the high structural similarity of the two compounds, suggesting
different charge sites to be responsible. Infrared multiple photon
dissociation spectroscopy on [T3-H]− and [rT3-H]− was performed, and the results were interpreted using
DFT and MP2 calculations, assessing the prevalence of T3 in the carboxylate
form and rT3 as a phenolate isomer. The different deprotonation sites
of the two isomers were also found to drive their ion-mobility behavior.
In fact, [T3-H]− and [rT3-H]− were
successfully separated. Drift times were correlated with collisional
cross section values of 209 and 215 Å2 for [T3-H]− and [rT3-H]−, respectively. Calculations
suggested the charge site to be the main parameter involved in the
different mobilities of the two anions. Finally, bare [T3-H]− and [rT3-H]− were made to react with neutral acetylacetone
and trifluoroacetic acid, confirming rT3 to be more acidic than T3
in agreement with the calculated gas-phase acidities of T3 and rT3
equal to 1345 and 1326 kJ mol–1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Mattia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Aura Tintaru
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma I-00185, Italy
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11
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Skeene K, Khatri K, Soloviev Z, Lapthorn C. Current status and future prospects for ion-mobility mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140697. [PMID: 34246790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of protein reagents and biopharmaceuticals is key in defining successful drug discovery campaigns, aimed at bringing molecules through different discovery stages up to development and commercialization. There are many challenges in this process, with complex and detailed analyses playing paramount roles in modern industry. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential tool for characterization of proteins ever since the onset of soft ionization techniques and has taken the lead in quality assessment of biopharmaceutical molecules, and protein reagents, used in the drug discovery pipeline. MS use spans from identification of correct sequences, to intact molecule analyses, protein complexes and more recently epitope and paratope identification. MS toolkits could be incredibly diverse and with ever evolving instrumentation, increasingly novel MS-based techniques are becoming indispensable tools in the biopharmaceutical industry. Here we discuss application of Ion Mobility MS (IMMS) in an industrial setting, and what the current applications and outlook are for making IMMS more mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Skeene
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA.
| | - Zoja Soloviev
- Protein, Cellular and Structural Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Cris Lapthorn
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
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12
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Auth T, Grabarics M, Schlangen M, Pagel K, Koszinowski K. Modular Ion Mobility Calibrants for Organometallic Anions Based on Tetraorganylborate Salts. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9797-9807. [PMID: 34227799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organometallics are widely used in catalysis and synthesis. Their analysis relies heavily on mass spectrometric methods, among which traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) has gained increasing importance. Collision cross sections (CCS) obtainable by TWIMS significantly aid the structural characterization of ions in the gas phase, but for organometallics, their accuracy has been limited by the lack of appropriate calibrants. Here, we propose tetraorganylborates and their alkali-metal bound oligomers [Mn-1(BR4)n]- (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; R = aryl, Et; n = 1-6) as calibrants for electrospray ionization (ESI) TWIMS. These species chemically resemble typical organometallics and readily form upon negative-ion mode ESI of solutions of alkali-metal tetraorganylborates. By combining different tetraorganylborate salts, we have generated a large number of anions in a modular manner and determined their CCS values by drift-tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) (DTCCSHe = 81-585, DTCCSN2 = 130-704 Å2). In proof-of-concept experiments, we then applied these DTCCS values to the calibration of a TWIMS instrument and analyzed phenylcuprate and argentate anions, [Lin-1MnPh2n]- and [MnPhn+1]- (M = Cu, Ag), as prototypical reactive organometallics. The TWCCSN2 values derived from TWIMS measurements are in excellent agreement with those determined by DTIMS (<2% relative difference), demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed calibration scheme. Moreover, we used theoretical methods to predict the structures and CCS values of the anions considered. These predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results and give further insight into the trends governing the assembly of tetraorganylborate, cuprate, and argentate oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Auth
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Márkó Grabarics
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Abteilung Molekülphysik, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Abteilung Molekülphysik, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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13
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Nytka M, Huang SR, Lemr K, Tureček F. Probing d- and l-Adrenaline Binding to β 2-Adrenoreceptor Peptide Motifs by Gas-Phase Photodissociation Cross-Linking and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1041-1052. [PMID: 33655750 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diazirine-tagged d- and l-adrenaline derivatives formed abundant noncovalent gas-phase ion complexes with peptides N-Ac-SSIVSFY-NH2 (peptide S) and N-Ac-VYILLNWIGY-NH2 (peptide V) upon electrospray ionization. These peptide sequences represent the binding motifs in the β2-adrenoreceptor. The structures of the gas-phase complexes were investigated by selective laser photodissociation of the diazirine chromophore at 354 nm, which resulted in a loss of N2 and formation of a transient carbene intermediate in the adrenaline ligand without causing its expulsion. The photolyzed complexes were analyzed by collision-induced dissociation (CID-MS3 and CID-MS4) in an attempt to detect cross-links and establish the binding sites. However, no cross-linking was detected in the complexes regardless of the peptide and d- or l-configuration in adrenaline. Cyclic ion mobility measurements were used to obtain collision cross sections (CCS) in N2 for the peptide S complexes. These showed identical values, 334 ± 0.9 Å2, for complexes of the l- and d-adrenaline derivatives, respectively. Identical CCS were also obtained for peptide S complexes with natural l- and d-adrenaline, 317 ± 1.2 Å2, respectively. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) in combination with full geometry optimization by density functional theory calculations provided structures for the complexes that were used to calculate theoretical CCS with the ion trajectory method. A close match (337 Å2) was found for a single low Gibbs energy structure that displayed a binding pocket with Ser 2 and Ser 5 residues forming hydrogen bonds to the adrenaline catechol hydroxyls. Analysis of the BOMD trajectories revealed a small number of contacts between the incipient carbene carbon atom in the ligand and X-H bonds in the peptide, which was consistent with the lack of cross-linking. Temperature dependence of the internal dynamics of peptide S-adrenaline complexes as well as the specifics of the adrenaline carbene reactions are discussed. In particular, peptide amide hydrogen transfer to the carbene carbon atom was calculated to require crossing a potential energy barrier, which may hamper cross-linking in competition with carbene internal rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Marianna Nytka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Shu R Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Karel Lemr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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14
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Naylor CN, Clowers BH. Reevaluating the Role of Polarizability in Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:618-627. [PMID: 33533630 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the expanding commercial availability of gas-phase separation systems that incorporate gas-phase mobility, there is a concurrent rise in efforts to cast the gas-phase mobility coefficient in terms of an ion-neutral collision cross-section (CCS). The motivating factors for this trend are varied, but many aim to complement experimental results with computationally generated CCS values from in silico structural approximations. Unfortunately, the current paradigm for relating experimental mobility results to computationally derived structures relies upon empirical approaches, including a myriad of variables that do not realistically bound the comparison. In this Critical Insight, we advocate for the development of a self-consistent experimental and computational framework that uses laboratory results to constrain the scope of the modeling effort. This paper aims to prompt discussion, challenge assumptions, and promote the development of more efficient, accurate computational techniques within the gas-phase ion measurement community. Specifically, we postulate whether experimental deviations from Langevin's polarization limit (Kpol) are suitable to estimate the relative contributions of hard-sphere collisions and long-range interactions within CCS values. Not surprisingly, different molecule classes exhibit different trends in the K/Kpol ratio when normalized for reduced mass, and the most common IMS calibrants (e.g., tune mix, polyalanine, tetraalkylammonium salts) follow different polarizability trends than many of the analytes probed in the literature. Succinctly, if gas-phase ion structure is largely invariant based upon the colliding neutral and newly developed experimental efforts can quantitatively capture ion polarizability, then modeling efforts describing a target analyte must be self-consistent as the collision neutral is changed in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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15
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Larriba-Andaluz C, Prell JS. Fundamentals of ion mobility in the free molecular regime. Interlacing the past, present and future of ion mobility calculations. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1826708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James S. Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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16
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Drouin N, Mielcarek A, Wenz C, Rudaz S. Evaluation of ion mobility in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for the identification in metabolomics. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:342-349. [PMID: 32744343 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently, feature annotation remains one of the main challenges in untargeted metabolomics. In this context, the information provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in addition to accurate mass can improve the quality of metabolite annotation, and MS/MS fragmentation patterns are widely used. Accurate mass and a separation index, such as retention time or effective mobility (μeff ), in chromatographic and electrophoretic approaches, respectively, must be used for unequivocal metabolite identification. The possibility of measuring collision cross-section (CCS) values by using ion mobility (IM) is becoming increasingly popular in metabolomic studies thanks to the new generation of IM mass spectrometers. Based on their similar separation mechanisms involving electric field and the size of the compounds, the complementarity of DT CCSN2 and μeff needs to be evaluated. In this study, a comparison of DT CCSN2 and μeff was achieved in the context of feature identification ability in untargeted metabolomics by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with HRMS. This study confirms the high correlation of DT CCSN2 with the mass of the studied metabolites as well as the orthogonality between accurate mass and μeff , making this combination particularly interesting for the identification of several endogenous metabolites. The use of IM-MS remains of great interest for facilitating the annotation of neutral metabolites present in the electroosmotic flow (EOF) that are poorly or not separated by CZE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Drouin
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Wenz
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Chatterjee P, Dutta SS, Chakraborty T. Isomers and Rotamers of DCM in Methanol and in Gas Phase Probed by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry in Combination with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4498-4511. [PMID: 32380830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated method of ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to investigate the isomeric distribution of a popular fluorescent dye DCM (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran) in methanol solution. Chromatographic separation of DCM isomers in methanol has been performed by probing the molecular mass (DCMH+), and two distinctly separated peaks are observed at retention times 3.73 (peak-I) and 3.87 (peak-II) min, where the latter one appears nearly twice as intense as the former. However, peak-I appears much weaker compared to peak-II if the chromatogram is recorded by optical probing at the absorption maximum of this dye (467 nm). The ion mobility (IM) spectra of DCMH+ ions corresponding to each of the LC-separated factions show three common peaks A, B, and C, with collision cross-section (CCS) values of 174, 185, and 197 Å2, respectively, but their relative intensities in the two IM spectra appear in opposite sequences. The three IM peaks have been assigned by considering the theoretically calculated CCS values of 13 possible isomers of DCMH+ ions. The IM spectral features also reveal that isomeric interconversions occur during the ESI process. Electronic structure calculations have been used to optimize the geometries of the four isomers of solvated DCM and the corresponding protomeric structures of DCMH+. The isomerization pathways and associated energy barriers have also been calculated. The gas-phase protomers are found to follow a completely different sequence of stability as compared to the neutral isomers. The analysis reveals that peak-I corresponds to one of the cis isomers, whereas peak-II arises due to cumulative contributions of the other three isomers. The absorption spectrum of DCM in methanol is simulated from the computed spectral profiles of the isomers which indicates a distribution of trans1, trans2, cis1, and cis2 isomers as 33.5, 61.5, 2.0, and 3.0%, respectively. The fragmentation behavior of DCMH+ ions in a collision-induced dissociation experiment has been found to be isomer dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhra Sankar Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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18
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Ross DH, Cho JH, Xu L. Breaking Down Structural Diversity for Comprehensive Prediction of Ion-Neutral Collision Cross Sections. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4548-4557. [PMID: 32096630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of unknowns is a bottleneck for large-scale untargeted analyses like metabolomics or drug metabolite identification. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) provides rapid two-dimensional separation of ions based on their mobility through a neutral buffer gas. The mobility of an ion is related to its collision cross section (CCS) with the buffer gas, a physical property that is determined by the size and shape of the ion. This structural dependency makes CCS a promising characteristic for compound identification, but this utility is limited by the availability of high-quality reference CCS values. CCS prediction using machine learning (ML) has recently shown promise in the field, but accurate and broadly applicable models are still lacking. Here we present a novel ML approach that employs a comprehensive collection of CCS values covering a wide range of chemical space. Using this diverse database, we identified the structural characteristics, represented by molecular quantum numbers (MQNs), that contribute to variance in CCS and assessed the performance of a variety of ML algorithms in predicting CCS. We found that by breaking down the chemical structural diversity using unsupervised clustering based on the MQNs, specific and accurate prediction models for each cluster can be trained, which showed superior performance than a single model trained with all data. Using this approach, we have robustly trained and characterized a CCS prediction model with high accuracy on diverse chemical structures. An all-in-one web interface (https://CCSbase.net) was built for querying the CCS database and accessing the predictive model to support unknown compound identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jang Ho Cho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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19
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Naylor CN, Reinecke T, Clowers BH. Assessing the Impact of Drift Gas Polarizability in Polyatomic Ion Mobility Experiments. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4226-4234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Tobias Reinecke
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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20
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Ieritano C, Crouse J, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. A parallelized molecular collision cross section package with optimized accuracy and efficiency. Analyst 2019; 144:1660-1670. [PMID: 30649115 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new parallelized calculation package predicts collision cross sections with high accuracy and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Jeff Crouse
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
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21
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Weis P, Hennrich F, Fischer R, Schneider EK, Neumaier M, Kappes MM. Probing the structure of giant fullerenes by high resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18877-18892. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03326b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present high-resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) measurements for fullerene ions in molecular nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76049 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76021 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Regina Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76049 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Erik K. Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76049 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Marco Neumaier
- Institute of Nanotechnology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76021 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76049 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology
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22
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Chouinard CD, Nagy G, Smith RD, Baker ES. Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry in Metabolomic, Lipidomic, and Proteomic Analyses. ADVANCES IN ION MOBILITY-MASS SPECTROMETRY: FUNDAMENTALS, INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Canzani D, Laszlo KJ, Bush MF. Ion Mobility of Proteins in Nitrogen Gas: Effects of Charge State, Charge Distribution, and Structure. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5625-5634. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canzani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Laszlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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24
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Poad BLJ, Maccarone AT, Yu H, Mitchell TW, Saied EM, Arenz C, Hornemann T, Bull JN, Bieske EJ, Blanksby SJ. Differential-Mobility Spectrometry of 1-Deoxysphingosine Isomers: New Insights into the Gas Phase Structures of Ionized Lipids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5343-5351. [PMID: 29608293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Separation and structural identification of lipids remain a major challenge for contemporary lipidomics. Regioisomeric lipids differing only in position(s) of unsaturation are often not differentiated by conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches leading to the incomplete, or sometimes incorrect, assignation of molecular structure. Here we describe an investigation of the gas phase separations by differential-mobility spectrometry (DMS) of a series of synthetic analogues of the recently described 1-deoxysphingosine. The dependence of the DMS behavior on the position of the carbon-carbon double bond within the ionized lipid is systematically explored and compared to trends from complementary investigations, including collision cross-sections measured by drift tube ion mobility, reaction efficiency with ozone, and molecular dynamics simulations. Consistent trends across these modes of interrogation point to the importance of direct, through-space interactions between the charge site and the carbon-carbon double bond. Differences in the geometry and energetics of this intramolecular interaction underpin DMS separations and influence reactivity trends between regioisomers. Importantly, the disruption and reformation of these intramolecular solvation interactions during DMS are proposed to be the causative factor in the observed separations of ionized lipids which are shown to have otherwise identical collision cross-sections. These findings provide key insights into the strengths and limitations of current ion-mobility technologies for lipid isomer separations and can thus guide a more systematic approach to improved analytical separations in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
| | - Alan T Maccarone
- Mass Spectrometry User Resource and Research Facility , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia.,School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institute for Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Suez Canal University , 41522 Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
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25
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Blincoe WD, Rodriguez-Granillo A, Saurí J, Pierson NA, Joyce LA, Mangion I, Sheng H. Identification of ortho-Substituted Benzoic Acid/Ester Derivatives via the Gas-Phase Neighboring Group Participation Effect in (+)-ESI High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:694-703. [PMID: 29488104 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzoic acid/ester/amide derivatives are common moieties in pharmaceutical compounds and present a challenge in positional isomer identification by traditional tandem mass spectrometric analysis. A method is presented for exploiting the gas-phase neighboring group participation (NGP) effect to differentiate ortho-substituted benzoic acid/ester derivatives with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS1). Significant water/alcohol loss (>30% abundance in MS1 spectra) was observed for ortho-substituted nucleophilic groups; these fragment peaks are not observable for the corresponding para and meta-substituted analogs. Experiments were also extended to the analysis of two intermediates in the synthesis of suvorexant (Belsomra) with additional analysis conducted with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), density functional theory (DFT), and ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) studies. Significant water/alcohol loss was also observed for 1-substituted 1, 2, 3-triazoles but not for the isomeric 2-substituted 1, 2, 3-triazole analogs. IMS-MS, NMR, and DFT studies were conducted to show that the preferred orientation of the 2-substituted triazole rotamer was away from the electrophilic center of the reaction, whereas the 1-subtituted triazole was oriented in close proximity to the center. Abundance of NGP product was determined to be a product of three factors: (1) proton affinity of the nucleophilic group; (2) steric impact of the nucleophile; and (3) proximity of the nucleophile to carboxylic acid/ester functional groups. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Blincoe
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | | | - Josep Saurí
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Nicholas A Pierson
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Leo A Joyce
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Huaming Sheng
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
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Wu T, Derrick J, Nahin M, Chen X, Larriba-Andaluz C. Optimization of long range potential interaction parameters in ion mobility spectrometry. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:074102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5016170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wu
- Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Joseph Derrick
- Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Minal Nahin
- Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), 420 University Blvd., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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27
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Fundamentals of ion mobility spectrometry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 42:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Lee JW, Lee HHL, Davidson KL, Bush MF, Kim HI. Structural characterization of small molecular ions by ion mobility mass spectrometry in nitrogen drift gas: improving the accuracy of trajectory method calculations. Analyst 2018; 143:1786-1796. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An accurate theoretical collision cross section calculation method in nitrogen was developed for reliable structural ion mobility mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wha Lee
- Center for Analytical Chemistry
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)
- Daejeon 34113
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee L. Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
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29
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Righetti L, Fenclova M, Dellafiora L, Hajslova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Dall'Asta C. High resolution-ion mobility mass spectrometry as an additional powerful tool for structural characterization of mycotoxin metabolites. Food Chem 2017; 245:768-774. [PMID: 29287439 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work was designed as a proof of concept, to demonstrate the successful use of the comparison between theoretical and experimental collision cross section (CCS) values to support the identification of isomeric forms. To this purpose, thirteen mycotoxins were considered and analyzed using drift time ion mobility mass spectrometry. A good linear correlation (r2 = 0.962) between theoretical and experimental CCS was found. The average ΔCCS was 3.2%, fully consistent with the acceptability threshold value commonly set at 5%. The agreement between theoretical and experimental CCS obtained for mycotoxin glucuronides suggested the potential of the CCS matching in supporting the annotation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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30
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D'Atri V, Causon T, Hernandez-Alba O, Mutabazi A, Veuthey JL, Cianferani S, Guillarme D. Adding a new separation dimension to MS and LC-MS: What is the utility of ion mobility spectrometry? J Sep Sci 2017; 41:20-67. [PMID: 29024509 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique known for more than 100 years, which entails separating ions in the gas phase based on their size, shape, and charge. While ion mobility spectrometry alone can be useful for some applications (mostly security analysis for detecting certain classes of narcotics and explosives), it becomes even more powerful in combination with mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Indeed, the limited resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry alone can be tackled when combining this analytical strategy with mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Over the last few years, the hyphenation of ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has attracted more and more interest, with significant progresses in both technical advances and pioneering applications. This review describes the theoretical background, available technologies, and future capabilities of these techniques. It also highlights a wide range of applications, from small molecules (natural products, metabolites, glycans, lipids) to large biomolecules (proteins, protein complexes, biopharmaceuticals, oligonucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim Causon
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Mutabazi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Laszlo KJ, Bush MF. Effects of Charge State, Charge Distribution, and Structure on the Ion Mobility of Protein Ions in Helium Gas: Results from Trajectory Method Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7768-7777. [PMID: 28910102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Collision cross section (Ω) values of gas-phase ions of proteins and protein complexes are used to probe the structures of the corresponding species in solution. Ions of many proteins exhibit increasing Ω-values with increasing charge state but most Ω-values calculated for protein ions have used simple collision models that do not explicitly account for charge. Here we use a combination of ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments with helium gas and trajectory method calculations to characterize the extents to which increases in experimental Ω-values with increasing charge state may be attributed to increased momentum transfer concomitant with enhanced long-range interactions between the protein ion and helium atoms. Ubiquitin and C-to-N terminally linked diubiquitin ions generated from different solution conditions exhibit more than a 2-fold increase in Ω with increasing charge state. For native and energy-relaxed models of the proteins and most methods for distributing charge, Ω-values calculated using the trajectory method increase by less than 1% over the range of charge states observed from typical solution conditions used for native mass spectrometry. However, the calculated Ω-values increase by 10% to 15% over the full range of charge states observed from all solution conditions. Therefore, contributions from enhanced ion-induced dipole interactions with increasing charge state are significant but without additional structural changes can account for only a fraction of the increase in Ω observed experimentally. On the basis of these results, we suggest guidelines for calculating Ω-values in the context of applications in biophysics and structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Laszlo
- University of Washington , Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Matthew F Bush
- University of Washington , Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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32
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Shrivastav V, Nahin M, Hogan CJ, Larriba-Andaluz C. Benchmark Comparison for a Multi-Processing Ion Mobility Calculator in the Free Molecular Regime. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1540-1551. [PMID: 28477243 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A benchmark comparison between two ion mobility and collision cross-section (CCS) calculators, MOBCAL and IMoS, is presented here as a standard to test the efficiency and performance of both programs. Utilizing 47 organic ions, results are in excellent agreement between IMoS and MOBCAL in He and N2, when both programs use identical input parameters. Due to a more efficiently written algorithm and to its parallelization, IMoS is able to calculate the same CCS (within 1%) with a speed around two orders of magnitude faster than its MOBCAL counterpart when seven cores are used. Due to the high computational cost of MOBCAL in N2, reaching tens of thousands of seconds even for small ions, the comparison between IMoS and MOBCAL is stopped at 70 atoms. Large biomolecules (>10000 atoms) remain computationally expensive when IMoS is used in N2 (even when employing 16 cores). Approximations such as diffuse trajectory methods (DHSS, TDHSS) with and without partial charges and projected area approximation corrections can be used to reduce the total computational time by several folds without hurting the accuracy of the solution. These latter methods can in principle be used with coarse-grained model structures and should yield acceptable CCS results. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Shrivastav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Minal Nahin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christopher J Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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33
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Chouinard CD, Cruzeiro VWD, Beekman CR, Roitberg AE, Yost RA. Investigating Differences in Gas-Phase Conformations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Sodiated Epimers using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and Theoretical Modeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1497-1505. [PMID: 28417307 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drift tube ion mobility coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate the gas-phase structure of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and D2 (25OHD2) epimers, and to evaluate its potential in rapid separation of these compounds. Experimental results revealed two distinct drift species for the 25OHD3 sodiated monomer, whereas only one of these conformations was observed for its epimer (epi25OHD3). The unique species allowed 25OHD3 to be readily distinguished, and the same pattern was observed for 25OHD2 epimers. Theoretical modeling of 25OHD3 epimers identified energetically stable gas-phase structures, indicating that both compounds may adopt a compact "closed" conformation, but that 25OHD3 may also adopt a slightly less energetically favorable "open" conformation that is not accessible to its epimer. Calculated theoretical collision cross-sections for these structures agreed with experimental results to <2%. Experimentation indicated that additional energy in the ESI source (i.e., increased temperature, spray voltage) affected the ratio of 25OHD3 conformations, with the less energetically favorable "open" conformation increasing in relative intensity. Finally, LC-IM-MS results yielded linear quantitation of 25OHD3, in the presence of the epimer interference, at biologically relevant concentrations. This study demonstrates that ion mobility can be used in tandem with theoretical modeling to determine structural differences that contribute to drift separation. These separation capabilities provide potential for rapid (<60 ms) identification of 25OHD3 and 25OHD2 in mixtures with their epimers. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinícius Wilian D Cruzeiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | | | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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34
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Young MN, Bleiholder C. Molecular Structures and Momentum Transfer Cross Sections: The Influence of the Analyte Charge Distribution. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:619-627. [PMID: 28251573 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structure elucidation by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry methods is based on the comparison of an experimentally measured momentum transfer cross-section to cross-sections calculated for model structures. Thus, it is imperative that the calculated cross-section must be accurate. However, it is not fully understood how important it is to accurately model the charge distribution of an analyte ion when calculating momentum transfer cross-sections. Here, we calculate and compare momentum transfer cross-sections for carbon clusters that differ in mass, charge state, and mode of charge distribution, and vary temperature and polarizability of the buffer gas. Our data indicate that the detailed distribution of the ion charge density is intimately linked to the contribution of glancing collisions to the momentum transfer cross-section. The data suggest that analyte ions with molecular mass ~3 kDa or momentum transfer cross-section 400-500 Å2 would be significantly influenced by the charge distribution in nitrogen buffer gas. Our data further suggest that accurate structure elucidation on the basis of IMS-MS data measured in nitrogen buffer gas must account for the molecular charge distribution even for systems as large as C960 (~12 kDa) when localized charges are present and/or measurements are conducted under cryogenic temperatures. Finally, our data underscore that accurate structure elucidation is unlikely if ion mobility data recorded in one buffer gas is converted into other buffer gases when electronic properties of the buffer gases differ. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggie N Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Christian Bleiholder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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35
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Chouinard CD, Cruzeiro VWD, Roitberg AE, Yost RA. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Sodiated Multimers of Steroid Epimers with Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:323-331. [PMID: 27914014 PMCID: PMC5478531 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has recently seen increased use in the analysis of small molecules, especially in the field of metabolomics, for increased breadth of information and improved separation of isomers. In this study, steroid epimers androsterone and trans-androsterone were analyzed with IM-MS to investigate differences in their relative mobilities. Although sodiated monomers exhibited very similar collision cross-sections (CCS), baseline separation was observed for the sodiated dimer species (RS = 1.81), with measured CCS of 242.6 and 256.3 Å2, respectively. Theoretical modeling was performed to determine the most energetically stable structures of solution-phase and gas-phase monomer and dimer structures. It was revealed that these epimers differ in their preferred dimer binding mode in solution phase: androsterone adopts a R=O - Na+ - OH-R' configuration, whereas trans-androsterone adopts a R=O - Na+ - O=R' configuration. This difference contributes to a significant structural variation, and subsequent CCS calculations based on these structures relaxed in the gas phase were in agreement with experimentally measured values (ΔCCS ~ 5%). Additionally, these calculations accurately predicted the relative difference in mobility between the epimers. This study illustrates the power of combining experimental and theoretical results to better elucidate gas-phase structures. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinícius Wilian D Cruzeiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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36
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Lee JW, Davidson KL, Bush MF, Kim HI. Collision cross sections and ion structures: development of a general calculation method via high-quality ion mobility measurements and theoretical modeling. Analyst 2017; 142:4289-4298. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical collision cross section calculations revisited for reliable ion structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wha Lee
- Center for Analytical Chemistry
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)
- Daejeon 34113
- Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
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37
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Zühlke M, Riebe D, Beitz T, Löhmannsröben HG, Andreotti S, Reinert K, Zenichowski K, Diener M. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry: Characterization, data management, and applications. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4756-4764. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Riebe
- University of Potsdam; Physical Chemistry; Potsdam
| | - Toralf Beitz
- University of Potsdam; Physical Chemistry; Potsdam
| | | | | | - Knut Reinert
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Computer Science; Berlin
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38
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Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Coelus S, Adriaenssens D, De Winter K, Desmet T, Raes K, Van Camp J. Collision cross section prediction of deprotonated phenolics in a travelling-wave ion mobility spectrometer using molecular descriptors and chemometrics. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 924:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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39
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Larriba-Andaluz C, Fernández-García J, Ewing MA, Hogan CJ, Clemmer DE. Gas molecule scattering & ion mobility measurements for organic macro-ions in He versus N2 environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:15019-29. [PMID: 25988389 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A pending issue in linking ion mobility measurements to ion structures is that the collisional cross section (CCS, the measured structural parameter in ion mobility spectrometry) of an ion is strongly dependent upon the manner in which gas molecules effectively impinge on and are reemitted from ion surfaces (when modeling ions as fixed structures). To directly examine the gas molecule impingement and reemission processes and their influence, we measured the CCSs of positively charged ions of room temperature ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM-N(CN)2) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4) in N2 using a differential mobility analyzer-mass spectrometer (DMA-MS) and in He using a drift tube mobility spectrometer-mass spectrometer (DT-MS). Cluster ions, generated via electrosprays, took the form (AB)N(A)z, spanning up to z = 20 and with masses greater than 100 kDa. As confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, at the measurement temperature (∼300 K), such cluster ions took on globular conformations in the gas phase. Based upon their attained charge levels, in neither He nor N2 did the ion-induced dipole potential significantly influence gas molecule-ion collisions. Therefore, differences in the CCSs measured for ions in the two different gases could be primarily attributed to differences in gas molecule behavior upon collision with ions. Overwhelmingly, by comparison of predicted CCSs with selected input impingement-reemission laws to measurements, we find that in N2, gas molecules collide with ions diffusely--they are reemitted at random angles relative to the gas molecule incoming angle--and inelastically. Meanwhile, in He, gas molecules collide specularly and elastically and are emitted from ion surfaces at determined angles. The results can be rationalized on the basis of the momentum transferred per collision; in the case of He, individual gas molecule collisions minimally perturb the atoms within a cluster ion (internal motion), while in the case of N2, individual gas molecules have sufficiently large momentum to alter the internal motion in organic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- University of Minnesota, Mechanical Engineering Department, 111 Church st. RM 2101A, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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40
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Boschmans J, Jacobs S, Williams JP, Palmer M, Richardson K, Giles K, Lapthorn C, Herrebout WA, Lemière F, Sobott F. Combining density functional theory (DFT) and collision cross-section (CCS) calculations to analyze the gas-phase behaviour of small molecules and their protonation site isomers. Analyst 2016; 141:4044-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational methods are employed to study the protomers in ESI-IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Boschmans
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Sam Jacobs
- Molecular Spectroscopy group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Antwerp
- Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Cris Lapthorn
- Faculty of Engineering & Science
- University of Greenwich
- Chatham
- UK
| | - Wouter A. Herrebout
- Molecular Spectroscopy group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Filip Lemière
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Antwerp
- Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Antwerp
- Belgium
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41
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D'Atri V, Porrini M, Rosu F, Gabelica V. Linking molecular models with ion mobility experiments. Illustration with a rigid nucleic acid structure. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:711-26. [PMID: 26259654 PMCID: PMC4440389 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry experiments allow the mass spectrometrist to determine an ion's rotationally averaged collision cross section Ω(EXP). Molecular modelling is used to visualize what ion three-dimensional structure(s) is(are) compatible with the experiment. The collision cross sections of candidate molecular models have to be calculated, and the resulting Ω(CALC) are compared with the experimental data. Researchers who want to apply this strategy to a new type of molecule face many questions: (1) What experimental error is associated with Ω(EXP) determination, and how to estimate it (in particular when using a calibration for traveling wave ion guides)? (2) How to generate plausible 3D models in the gas phase? (3) Different collision cross section calculation models exist, which have been developed for other analytes than mine. Which one(s) can I apply to my systems? To apply ion mobility spectrometry to nucleic acid structural characterization, we explored each of these questions using a rigid structure which we know is preserved in the gas phase: the tetramolecular G-quadruplex [dTGGGGT]4, and we will present these detailed investigation in this tutorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- Univ. Bordeaux, IECB, ARNA laboratoryPessac, F-33600, France
- INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratoryBordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Massimiliano Porrini
- Univ. Bordeaux, IECB, ARNA laboratoryPessac, F-33600, France
- INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratoryBordeaux, F-33000, France
| | | | - Valérie Gabelica
- Univ. Bordeaux, IECB, ARNA laboratoryPessac, F-33600, France
- INSERM, U869, ARNA laboratoryBordeaux, F-33000, France
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42
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Bleiholder C. A local collision probability approximation for predicting momentum transfer cross sections. Analyst 2015; 140:6804-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The local collision probability approximation (LCPA) method is introduced to compute molecular momentum transfer cross sections for comparison to ion mobility experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bleiholder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
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43
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Kurulugama RT, Darland E, Kuhlmann F, Stafford G, Fjeldsted J. Evaluation of drift gas selection in complex sample analyses using a high performance drift tube ion mobility-QTOF mass spectrometer. Analyst 2015; 140:6834-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00991j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drift gas selection in an ion mobility-QTOF can affect the separation of targeted isomeric compounds and collision cross section values.
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44
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Kim K, Lee JW, Chang T, Kim HI. Characterization of polylactides with different stereoregularity using electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1771-1779. [PMID: 25001385 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of stereoregularity on the gas-phase conformations of linear and cyclic polylactides (PLA) using electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI-IM-MS) combined with molecular dynamics simulations. IM-MS analysis of PLA ions shows intriguing difference between the collision cross section (ΩD) value of poly-L-lactide (PLLA) and poly-LD-lactide (PLDLA) ions with respect to their chain architecture and stereoregularity. In the singly sodiated linear PLA (l-PLA∙Na(+)) case, both l-PLLA and l-PLDLA up to 11mer have very similar ΩD values, but the ΩD values of l-PLLA are greater than that of l-PLDLA ions for larger ions. In the case of cyclic PLA (c-PLA), c-PLLA∙Na(+) is more compact than c-PLDLA∙Na(+) for short PLA ions. However, c-PLLA exhibits larger ΩD value than c-PLDLA for PLA ions longer than 13mer. The origin of difference in the ΩD values was investigated using theoretical investigation of PLAs in the gas phase. The gas-phase conformation of PLA ions is influenced by Na(+)-oxygen coordination and the weak intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction, which are more effectively formed in more flexible chains. Therefore, the less flexible PLLA has a larger ΩD value than PLDLA. However, for short c-PLA, concomitant maximization of both Na(+)-oxygen coordination and hydrogen bond interaction is difficult due to the constricted chain freedom, which makes the ΩD value of PLAs in this range show a different trend compared with other PLA ions. Our study facilitates the understanding of correlation between stereoregularity of PLAs and their structure, providing potential utility of IM-MS to characterize stereoisomers of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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45
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Campbell JL, Zhu M, Hopkins WS. Ion-molecule clustering in differential mobility spectrometry: lessons learned from tetraalkylammonium cations and their isomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1583-1591. [PMID: 25001379 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) can distinguish ions based upon the differences in their high- and low-field ion mobilities as they experience the asymmetric waveform applied to the DMS cell. These mobilities are known to be influenced by the ions' structure, m/z, and charge distribution (i.e., resonance structures) within the ions themselves, as well as by the gas-phase environment of the DMS cell. While these associations have been developed over time through empirical observations, the exact role of ion structures or their interactions with clustering molecules remains generally unknown. In this study, that relationship is explored by observing the DMS behaviors of a series of tetraalkylammonium ions as a function of their structures and the gas-phase environment of the DMS cell. To support the DMS experiments, the basin-hopping search strategy was employed to identify candidate cluster structures for density functional theory treatment. More than a million cluster structures distributed across 72 different ion-molecule cluster systems were sampled to determine global minimum structures and cluster binding energies. This joint computational and experimental approach suggests that cluster geometry, in particular ion-molecule intermolecular separation, plays a critical role in DMS.
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46
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Kafle A, Coy SL, Wong BM, Fornace AJ, Glick JJ, Vouros P. Understanding gas phase modifier interactions in rapid analysis by differential mobility-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1098-113. [PMID: 24452298 PMCID: PMC4057941 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study involving the use and optimization of gas-phase modifiers in quantitative differential mobility-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) analysis is presented using nucleoside-adduct biomarkers of DNA damage as an important reference point for analysis in complex matrices. Commonly used polar protic and polar aprotic modifiers have been screened for use against two deoxyguanosine adducts of DNA: N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP) and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-y1)-2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (dG-C8-PhIP). Particular attention was paid to compensation voltage (CoV) shifts, peak shapes, and product ion signal intensities while optimizing the DMS-MS conditions. The optimized parameters were then applied to rapid quantitation of the DNA adducts in calf thymus DNA. After a protein precipitation step, adduct levels corresponding to less than one modification in 10(6) normal DNA bases were detected using the DMS-MS platform. Based on DMS fundamentals and ab initio thermochemical results, we interpret the complexity of DMS modifier responses in terms of thermal activation and the development of solvent shells. At very high bulk gas temperature, modifier dipole moment may be the most important factor in cluster formation and cluster geometry, but at lower temperatures, multi-neutral clusters are important and less predictable. This work provides a useful protocol for targeted DNA adduct quantitation and a basis for future work on DMS modifier effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Kafle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Bryan M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Georgetown University, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular & Cell Biology, Washington, DC 20057 USA, and King Abdulaziz Univ, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia
| | - James J. Glick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Vouros
- Corresponding authors: (617)373-2840; (508)808-8227
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Ahmed A, Cho Y, Giles K, Riches E, Lee JW, Kim HI, Choi CH, Kim S. Elucidating Molecular Structures of Nonalkylated and Short-Chain Alkyl (n < 5, (CH2)n) Aromatic Compounds in Crude Oils by a Combination of Ion Mobility and Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometries and Theoretical Collisional Cross-Section Calculations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3300-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4032737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmed
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Cho
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jong Wha Lee
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials
Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials
Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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48
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Rogers RA, Rodier AR, Stanley JA, Douglas NA, Li X, Brittain WJ. A study of the spiropyran–merocyanine system using ion mobility-mass spectrometry: experimental support for the cisoid conformation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3424-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Lalli PM, Corilo YE, Fasciotti M, Riccio MF, de Sa GF, Daroda RJ, Souza GHMF, McCullagh M, Bartberger MD, Eberlin MN, Campuzano IDG. Baseline resolution of isomers by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry: investigating the effects of polarizable drift gases and ionic charge distribution. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:989-997. [PMID: 24078238 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the behavior of isomers and analogues by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS) using drift-gases with varying masses and polarizabilities. Despite the reduced length of the cell (18 cm), a pair of constitutional isomers, N-butylaniline and para-butylaniline, with theoretical collision cross-section values in helium (ΩHe ) differing by as little as 1.2 Å(2) (1.5%) but possessing contrasting charge distribution, showed baseline peak-to-peak resolution (Rp-p ) for their protonated molecules, using carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ethene (C2H4 ) as the TWIM drift-gas. Near baseline Rp-p was also obtained in CO2 for a group of protonated haloanilines (para-chloroaniline, para-bromoaniline and para-iodoaniline) which display contrasting masses and theoretical ΩHe , which differ by as much as 15.7 Å(2) (19.5%) but similar charge distributions. The deprotonated isomeric pair of trans-oleic acid and cis-oleic acid possessing nearly identical theoretical ΩHe and ΩN2 as well as similar charge distributions, remained unresolved. Interestingly, an inversion of drift-times were observed for the 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ions when comparing He, N2 and N2O. Using density functional theory as a means of examining the ions electronic structure, and He and N2-based trajectory method algorithm, we discuss the effect of the long-range charge induced dipole attractive and short-range Van der Waals forces involved in the TWIM separation in drift-gases of differing polarizabilities. We therefore propose that examining the electronic structure of the ions under investigation may potentially indicate whether the use of more polarizable drift-gases could improve separation and the overall success of TWIM-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M Lalli
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13084-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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50
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Larriba C, Hogan CJ. Ion Mobilities in Diatomic Gases: Measurement versus Prediction with Non-Specular Scattering Models. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3887-901. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312432z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Larriba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Christopher J. Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
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