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Azad RK, Shulaev V. Metabolomics technology and bioinformatics for precision medicine. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:1957-1971. [PMID: 29304189 PMCID: PMC6954408 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is rapidly emerging as a strategy to tailor medical treatment to a small group or even individual patients based on their genetics, environment and lifestyle. Precision medicine relies heavily on developments in systems biology and omics disciplines, including metabolomics. Combination of metabolomics with sophisticated bioinformatics analysis and mathematical modeling has an extreme power to provide a metabolic snapshot of the patient over the course of disease and treatment or classifying patients into subpopulations and subgroups requiring individual medical treatment. Although a powerful approach, metabolomics have certain limitations in technology and bioinformatics. We will review various aspects of metabolomics technology and bioinformatics, from data generation, bioinformatics analysis, data fusion and mathematical modeling to data management, in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Corresponding author: Vladimir Shulaev, Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76210, USA. Tel.: 940-369-5368; Fax: 940-565-3821; E-mail:
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2
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Liu C, Yamaguchi Y, Sekine S, Ni Y, Li Z, Zhu X, Dou X. Gene analysis of multiple oral bacteria by the polymerase chain reaction coupled with capillary polymer electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:986-92. [PMID: 26648455 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Capillary polymer electrophoresis is identified as a promising technology for the analysis of DNA from bacteria, virus and cell samples. In this paper, we propose an innovative capillary polymer electrophoresis protocol for the quantification of polymerase chain reaction products. The internal standard method was modified and applied to capillary polymer electrophoresis. The precision of our modified internal standard protocol was evaluated by measuring the relative standard deviation of intermediate capillary polymer electrophoresis experiments. Results showed that the relative standard deviation was reduced from 12.4-15.1 to 0.6-2.3%. Linear regression tests were also implemented to validate our protocol. The modified internal standard method showed good linearity and robust properties. Finally, the ease of our method was illustrated by analyzing a real clinical oral sample using a one-run capillary polymer electrophoresis experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine (IPBM), Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine (IPBM), Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yi Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine (IPBM), Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, ChangZhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Dou
- Institute of Photonics and Bio-medicine (IPBM), Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering, ChangZhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Wolfender JL, Marti G, Thomas A, Bertrand S. Current approaches and challenges for the metabolite profiling of complex natural extracts. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:136-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Dai W, Yin P, Zeng Z, Kong H, Tong H, Xu Z, Lu X, Lehmann R, Xu G. Nontargeted modification-specific metabolomics study based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9146-53. [PMID: 25186149 DOI: 10.1021/ac502045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of genes and proteins have been extensively studied in systems biology using comprehensive analytical strategies. Although metabolites are frequently modified, these modifications have not been studied using -omics approaches. Here a general strategy for the nontargeted profiling of modified metabolites, which we call "nontargeted modification-specific metabolomics", is reported. A key aspect of this strategy was the combination of in-source collision-induced dissociation liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and global nontargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics. Characteristic neutral loss fragments that are specific for acetylation, sulfation, glucuronidation, glucosidation, or ribose conjugation were reproducibly detected using human urine as a model specimen for method development. The practical application of this method was demonstrated by profiling urine samples from liver cirrhosis patients. Approximately 900 features were identified as modified endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics. Moreover, this strategy supports the identification of compounds not included in traditional metabolomics databases (HMDB, Metlin, and KEGG), which are currently referred to as "unknowns" in metabolomics projects. Nontargeted modification-specific metabolomics opens a new perspective in systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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Jones DR, Wu Z, Chauhan D, Anderson KC, Peng J. A nano ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry approach for global metabolomic profiling and case study on drug-resistant multiple myeloma. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3667-75. [PMID: 24611431 DOI: 10.1021/ac500476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Global metabolomics relies on highly reproducible and sensitive detection of a wide range of metabolites in biological samples. Here we report the optimization of metabolome analysis by nanoflow ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry. Reliable peak features were extracted from the LC-MS runs based on mandatory detection in duplicates and additional noise filtering according to blank injections. The run-to-run variation in peak area showed a median of 14%, and the false discovery rate during a mock comparison was evaluated. To maximize the number of peak features identified, we systematically characterized the effect of sample loading amount, gradient length, and MS resolution. The number of features initially rose and later reached a plateau as a function of sample amount, fitting a hyperbolic curve. Longer gradients improved unique feature detection in part by time-resolving isobaric species. Increasing the MS resolution up to 120000 also aided in the differentiation of near isobaric metabolites, but higher MS resolution reduced the data acquisition rate and conferred no benefits, as predicted from a theoretical simulation of possible metabolites. Moreover, a biphasic LC gradient allowed even distribution of peak features across the elution, yielding markedly more peak features than the linear gradient. Using this robust nUPLC-HRMS platform, we were able to consistently analyze ~6500 metabolite features in a single 60 min gradient from 2 mg of yeast, equivalent to ~50 million cells. We applied this optimized method in a case study of drug (bortezomib) resistant and drug-sensitive multiple myeloma cells. Overall, 18% of metabolite features were matched to KEGG identifiers, enabling pathway enrichment analysis. Principal component analysis and heat map data correctly clustered isogenic phenotypes, highlighting the potential for hundreds of small molecule biomarkers of cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Jones
- Departments of †Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology and ‡St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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6
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Koubaa M, Cocuron JC, Thomasset B, Alonso AP. Highlighting the tricarboxylic acid cycle: liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of (13)C-labeled organic acids. Anal Biochem 2013; 436:151-9. [PMID: 23399391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is involved in the complete oxidation of organic acids to carbon dioxide in aerobic cells. It not only uses the acetyl-CoA derived from glycolysis but also uses breakdown products of proteins, fatty acids, and nucleic acids. Therefore, the TCA cycle involves numerous carbon fluxes through central metabolism to produce reductant power and transfer the generated electrons to the aerobic electron transport system where energy is formed by oxidative phosphorylation. Although the TCA cycle plays a crucial role in aerobic organisms and tissues, the lack of direct isotopic labeling information in its intermediates (organic acids) makes the quantification of its metabolic fluxes rather approximate. This is the major technical gap that this study intended to fill. In this work, we established and validated liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods to determine (13)C labeling in organic acids involved in the TCA cycle using scheduled multiple reaction monitoring and single ion monitoring modes, respectively. Labeled samples were generated using maize embryos cultured with [(13)C]glucose or [(13)C]glutamine. Once steady-state labeling was reached, (13)C-labeled organic acids were extracted and purified. When applying our mass spectrometric methods to those extracts, mass isotopomer abundances of seven major organic acids were successfully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Koubaa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Tadi S, Kim SJ, Ryu MJ, Park T, Jeong JS, Kim YH, Kweon GR, Shong M, Yim YH. Metabolic Rebalancing of CR6 Interaction Factor 1-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts: A Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Analysis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim YD, Kim YH, Tadi S, Yu JH, Yim YH, Jeoung NH, Shong M, Hennighausen L, Harris RA, Lee IK, Lee CH, Choi HS. Metformin inhibits growth hormone-mediated hepatic PDK4 gene expression through induction of orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. Diabetes 2012; 61:2484-94. [PMID: 22698918 PMCID: PMC3447904 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a counter-regulatory hormone that plays an important role in preventing hypoglycemia during fasting. Because inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) conserves substrates for gluconeogenesis, we tested whether GH increases PDK4 expression in liver by a signaling pathway sensitive to inhibition by metformin. The effects of GH and metformin were determined in the liver of wild-type, small heterodimer partner (SHP)-, PDK4-, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)-null mice. Administration of GH in vivo increased PDK4 expression via a pathway dependent on STAT5 phosphorylation. Metformin inhibited the induction of PDK4 expression by GH via a pathway dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SHP induction. The increase in PDK4 expression and PDC phosphorylation by GH was reduced in STAT5-null mice. Metformin decreased GH-mediated induction of PDK4 expression and metabolites in wild-type but not in SHP-null mice. In primary hepatocytes, dominant-negative mutant-AMPK and SHP knockdown prevented the inhibitory effect of metformin on GH-stimulated PDK4 expression. SHP directly inhibited STAT5 association on the PDK4 gene promoter. Metformin inhibits GH-induced PDK4 expression and metabolites via an AMPK-SHP-dependent pathway. The metformin-AMPK-SHP network may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of hepatic metabolic disorders induced by the GH-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Deuk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Program, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendar Tadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Yu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Fundamental Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A. Harris
- World Class University Program, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Roudebush VA Medical Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Roudebush VA Medical Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors: Hueng-Sik Choi, , and Chul-Ho Lee,
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors: Hueng-Sik Choi, , and Chul-Ho Lee,
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Kloos D, Derks R, Wijtmans M, Lingeman H, Mayboroda O, Deelder A, Niessen W, Giera M. Derivatization of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and analysis by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with positive-ion electrospray ionization. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Verstraeten M, Desmet G. Signal enhancement by trapping in microscale liquid chromatography: Numerical modelling. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2822-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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MacDonald MJ, Longacre MJ, Stoker SW, Kendrick M, Thonpho A, Brown LJ, Hasan NM, Jitrapakdee S, Fukao T, Hanson MS, Fernandez LA, Odorico J. Differences between human and rodent pancreatic islets: low pyruvate carboxylase, atp citrate lyase, and pyruvate carboxylation and high glucose-stimulated acetoacetate in human pancreatic islets. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18383-96. [PMID: 21454710 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.241182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplerosis, the net synthesis in mitochondria of citric acid cycle intermediates, and cataplerosis, their export to the cytosol, have been shown to be important for insulin secretion in rodent beta cells. However, human islets may be different. We observed that the enzyme activity, protein level, and relative mRNA level of the key anaplerotic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC) were 80-90% lower in human pancreatic islets compared with islets of rats and mice and the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 832/13. Activity and protein of ATP citrate lyase, which uses anaplerotic products in the cytosol, were 60-75% lower in human islets than in rodent islets or the cell line. In line with the lower PC, the percentage of glucose-derived pyruvate that entered mitochondrial metabolism via carboxylation in human islets was only 20-30% that in rat islets. This suggests human islets depend less on pyruvate carboxylation than rodent models that were used to establish the role of PC in insulin secretion. Human islets possessed high levels of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase, an enzyme that forms acetoacetate in the mitochondria, and acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, which uses acetoacetate to form acyl-CoAs in the cytosol. Glucose-stimulated human islets released insulin similarly to rat islets but formed much more acetoacetate. β-Hydroxybutyrate augmented insulin secretion in human islets. This information supports previous data that indicate beta cells can use a pathway involving succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase and acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase to synthesize and use acetoacetate and suggests human islets may use this pathway more than PC and citrate to form cytosolic acyl-CoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Myint KT, Uehara T, Aoshima K, Oda Y. Polar Anionic Metabolome Analysis by Nano-LC/MS with a Metal Chelating Agent. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7766-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khin Than Myint
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taisuke Uehara
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ken Aoshima
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Oda
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Hwang JH, Kim DW, Jo EJ, Kim YK, Jo YS, Park JH, Yoo SK, Park MK, Kwak TH, Kho YL, Han J, Choi HS, Lee SH, Kim JM, Lee I, Kyung T, Jang C, Chung J, Kweon GR, Shong M. Pharmacological stimulation of NADH oxidation ameliorates obesity and related phenotypes in mice. Diabetes 2009; 58:965-74. [PMID: 19136651 PMCID: PMC2661596 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD+ and NADH) play a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism, and a dysregulated NAD+-to-NADH ratio is implicated in metabolic syndrome. However, it is still unknown whether a modulating intracellular NAD+-to-NADH ratio is beneficial in treating metabolic syndrome. We tried to determine whether pharmacological stimulation of NADH oxidation provides therapeutic effects in rodent models of metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used beta-lapachone (betaL), a natural substrate of NADH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), to stimulate NADH oxidation. The betaL-induced pharmacological effect on cellular energy metabolism was evaluated in cells derived from NQO1-deficient mice. In vivo therapeutic effects of betaL on metabolic syndrome were examined in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and ob/ob mice. RESULTS NQO1-dependent NADH oxidation by betaL strongly provoked mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in vitro and in vivo. These effects were accompanied by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase and suppression of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase activity. Consistently, systemic betaL administration in rodent models of metabolic syndrome dramatically ameliorated their key symptoms such as increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. The treated mice also showed higher expressions of the genes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism (PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha, nuclear respiratory factor-1) and caloric restriction (Sirt1) consistent with the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological activation of NADH oxidation by NQO1 resolves obesity and related phenotypes in mice, opening the possibility that it may provide the basis for a new therapy for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young Lim Kho
- Department of Environmental Health, Seoul Health College, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- Hormone Research Center, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - InKyu Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Junggu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Taeyoon Kyung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Corresponding author: Minho Shong, , and Gi Ryang Kweon,
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Corresponding author: Minho Shong, , and Gi Ryang Kweon,
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Santesson S, Degerman E, Rorsman P, Johansson T, Lemos S, Nilsson S. Cell–cell communication between adipocytes and pancreatic β-cells in acoustically levitated droplets. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:595-601. [DOI: 10.1039/b907834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Analytical strategies for LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:236-42. [PMID: 18502704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in mass spectrometry are enabling improved analysis of endogenous metabolites. Here we discuss several issues relevant to developing liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry methods for targeted metabolomics (i.e., quantitative analysis of dozens to hundreds of specific metabolites). Sample preparation and liquid chromatography approaches are discussed, with an eye towards the challenge of dealing with a diversity of metabolite classes in parallel. Evidence is presented that heated electrospray ionization (ESI) generally gives improved signal compared to the more traditional unheated ESI. Applicability to targeted metabolomics of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and high mass resolution full scan mass spectrometry (e.g., time-of-flight, Orbitrap) are described. We suggest that both are viable solutions, with MRM preferred when targeting a more limited number of analytes, and full scan preferred for its potential ability to bridge targeted and untargeted metabolomics.
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