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Zhang J, Long Z, Ren Z, Xu W, Sun Z, Zhao H, Zhang G, Gao W. Application of machine learning in ultrasonic pretreatment of sewage sludge: Prediction and optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120108. [PMID: 39369781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
In this research, typical industrial scenarios were analyzed optimized by machine learning algorithms, which fills the gap of massive data and industrial requirements in ultrasonic sludge treatment. Principal component analysis showed that the ultrasonic density and ultrasonic time were positively correlated with soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). Within five machine learning models, the best model for SCOD prediction was XG-boost (R2 = 0.855), while RF was the best for TN and TP (R2 = 0.974 and 0.957, respectively). In addition, SHAP indicated that the importance feature for SCOD, TN, and TP was ultrasonic time, and sludge concentration, respectively. Finally, the typical industrial scenario of ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge was analyzed. In the secondary sludge, treatment volume at 0.6 L, the pH at 7.0, and the ultrasonic time at 20 min was best to improve the SCOD. In the ultrasonic pretreatment primary sludge, treatment volume of 0.3 L, pH of 7.0, and ultrasonic time of 15 min was best to improve the SCOD. Furthermore, the ultrasonic power at 700 W and ultrasonic time at 20 min were best to improve the C/N and C/P in the secondary sludge. In the primary sludge, the ultrasonic power at 600 W, and the ultrasonic time at 15 min were best to improve C/N and C/P. This study lays a foundation for the practical application of ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge and provides basic information for typical industrial scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zeqing Long
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Weichao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - He Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Wenfang Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
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Zhang Y, Yang K, Chen H, Dong Y, Li W. Origin, composition, and accumulation of dissolved organic matter in a hypersaline lake of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161612. [PMID: 36642270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inland saline lakes are widely distributed and commonly exist in arid and semi-arid regions. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in saline lakes plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and is a key regulator of saline lake ecosystem functions through biotic and abiotic processes. However, the origin, composition, and cycling of DOM in saline lakes, especially hypersaline lakes, remain largely unknown. In this study, two lake brine DOM samples and three input river DOM samples from a hypersaline lake, Da Qaidam Lake (DQL) in the Qaidam Basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), were isolated and analyzed using a multi-analytical approach. The results indicated that, although terrestrial in origin, the DOM composition and features of DQL were dominated by indigenous in-lake processes owing to the very long water residence time of the lake brine. Lake DOM contained more aliphatic compounds but fewer aromatic compounds than DOM from the rivers. Lake DOM also exhibited more chemodiversity and contained highly saturated and oxidized components that were incorporated with heteroatoms. Despite the limited contributions from riverine DOM, some special features of lake DOM, such as the high content of sulfur-bearing components, may be partly related to the long-term accumulation of hotspring riverine input. Flocculation, photodegradation, microbial degradation, evapo-concentration, and primary production processes were considered synergistic factors in the persistence and features of the hypersaline lake DOM. The results of this study can further our knowledge of the transformation and long-term turnover of DOM in hypersaline lakes and how DOM chemodiversity changes across wide aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, PR China.
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China; Qinghai Technology Research and Development Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yaping Dong
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China; Qinghai Technology Research and Development Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Wu Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, PR China.
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Liu B, Chen Q, Tang L, Zhu L, Zou X, Li B, Fan W, Fu Y, Lu Y. Screening of potential chemical marker with interspecific differences in Pterocarpus wood and a spatially-resolved approach to visualize the distribution of the characteristic markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133848. [PMID: 36866375 PMCID: PMC9971912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Profiling the spatial distributions and tissue changes of characteristic compounds with interspecific differences is critical to elucidate the complex species identification during tree species traceability, wood anti-counterfeiting verification and timber trade control. In this research, in order to visualize the spatial position of characteristic compounds in two species with similar morphology (Pterocarpus santalinus and Pterocarpus tinctorius), a high coverage MALDI-TOF-MS imaging method was used to found the mass spectra fingerprints of different wood species. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole matrix was used to spray wood tissue section to enhance the detection effect of metabolic molecules, and the mass spectrometry imaging data were obtained. Based on this technology, the spatial location of fifteen potential chemical markers with remarkable interspecific differences in 2 Pterocarpus timber species were successfully obtained. Distinct chemical signatures obtained from this method can promote rapid identification at the wood species level. Thus, matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-TOF-MSI) provides a spatial-resolved way for traditional wood morphological classification and breaking through the limitations of traditional wood identification technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwu Zou
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Botao Li
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Fu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Acter T, Lee S, Uddin N, Mow KM, Kim S. Characterization of petroleum‐related natural organic matter by ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamina Acter
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Seulgidaun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Science Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Kamarum Monira Mow
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
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5
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Identification of characteristic markers for monofloral honey of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Hsiao: A combined untargeted and targeted MS-based study. Food Chem 2022; 404:134312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Jung HK, Al-Mutairi A, Hong IP, An JC, Jeon MS, Park CI, Kim DW, Marafie A, Ma X, Kim T, Yoon SH, Park JI. Characteristics on catalytic removal of sulfur and nitrogen from atmospheric residues at the molecular level. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Kim S, Kim D, Jung MJ, Kim S. Analysis of environmental organic matters by Ultrahigh-Resolution mass spectrometry-A review on the development of analytical methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:352-369. [PMID: 33491249 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing environmental and climate changes globally, there is an increasing interest in the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures, that is, the pursuit of complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions and related chemical reactions. Environmental organic molecule mixtures, including those in air, soil, rivers, and oceans, have extremely complex and heterogeneous chemical compositions. For their analyses, ultrahigh-resolution and sub-ppb level mass accuracy, achievable using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), are important. FT-ICR MS has been successfully used to analyze complex environmental organic molecule mixtures such as natural, soil, particulate, and dissolved organic matter. Despite its success, many limitations still need to be overcome. Sample preparation, ionization, structural identification, chromatographic separation, and data interpretation are some key areas that have been the focus of numerous studies. This review describes key developments in analytical techniques in these areas to aid researchers seeking to start or continue investigations for the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Maeng-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, Korea
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8
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Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for Structural Elucidation of Petroleum Compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Bahureksa W, Tfaily MM, Boiteau RM, Young RB, Logan MN, McKenna AM, Borch T. Soil Organic Matter Characterization by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR MS): A Critical Review of Sample Preparation, Analysis, and Data Interpretation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9637-9656. [PMID: 34232025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The biogeochemical cycling of soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in regulating soil health, water quality, carbon storage, and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, many studies have been conducted to reveal how anthropogenic and climate variables affect carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. Among the analytical techniques used to better understand the speciation and transformation of SOM, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) is the only technique that has sufficient mass resolving power to separate and accurately assign elemental compositions to individual SOM molecules. The global increase in the application of FTICR MS to address SOM complexity has highlighted the many challenges and opportunities associated with SOM sample preparation, FTICR MS analysis, and mass spectral interpretation. Here, we provide a critical review of recent strategies for SOM characterization by FTICR MS with emphasis on SOM sample collection, preparation, analysis, and data interpretation. Data processing and visualization methods are presented with suggested workflows that detail the considerations needed for the application of molecular information derived from FTICR MS. Finally, we highlight current research gaps, biases, and future directions needed to improve our understanding of organic matter chemistry and cycling within terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bahureksa
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rene M Boiteau
- College of Earth, Ocean, Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Robert B Young
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
| | - Merritt N Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
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10
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Thompson AM, Stratton KG, Bramer LM, Zavoshy NS, McCue LA. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) peak intensity normalization for complex mixture analyses. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9068. [PMID: 33590907 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) is a preferred technique for analyzing complex organic mixtures. Currently, there is no consensus normalization approach, nor an objective method for selecting one, for quantitative analyses of FT-ICR-MS data. We investigate a method to evaluate and score the amount of bias various normalization approaches introduce into the data. METHODS We evaluate the ability of the Statistical Procedure for the Analysis of Normalization Strategies (SPANS) to guide the selection of appropriate normalization approaches for two different FT-ICR-MS data sets. Furthermore, we test the robustness of SPANS results to changes in SPANS parameter values and assess the impact of using various normalization approaches on downstream statistical analyses. RESULTS The normalization approach identified by SPANS differed for the two data sets. Normalization methods impacted the statistical significance of peaks differently, underscoring the importance of carefully evaluating potential methods. More consistent SPANS scores resulted when at least 120 significant peaks are used, where larger sets of peaks were obtained by increasing the p-value threshold. Interestingly, we show that total sum scaling and highest peak normalization, used in previous studies, underperformed relative to SPANS-recommended normalization approaches. CONCLUSIONS Although there is no single, best normalization method for all data sets, SPANS provides a mechanism to identify an appropriate normalization method for analyzing FT-ICR-MS data quantitatively. The number of peaks used in the background distributions of SPANS contributes more significantly to the reproducibility of results than the p-value thresholds used to obtain those peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Thompson
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole S Zavoshy
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Lee Ann McCue
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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11
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Guillemant J, Berlioz-Barbier A, Albrieux F, de Oliveira LP, Lacoue-Nègre M, Joly JF, Duponchel L. Low-Level Fusion of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Data Sets for the Characterization of Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds in Vacuum Gas Oils. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2815-2823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guillemant
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | | | - Florian Albrieux
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Luis P. de Oliveira
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Marion Lacoue-Nègre
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Jean-François Joly
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), F-59000 Lille, France
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12
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Guillemant J, Albrieux F, Lacoue-Nègre M, Pereira de Oliveira L, Joly JF, Duponchel L. Chemometric Exploration of APPI(+)-FT-ICR MS Data Sets for a Comprehensive Study of Aromatic Sulfur Compounds in Gas Oils. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11785-11793. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guillemant
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Marion Lacoue-Nègre
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | | | - Jean-François Joly
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR − Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
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Li B, Fan X, Yu YR, Wang F, Li X, Lu Y, Wei XY, Ma FY, Zhao YP, Zhao W. Insight into molecular information of Huolinguole lignite obtained by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and statistical methods. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1107-1113. [PMID: 30941795 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was applied to the characterization of organic compounds in coal extracts at the molecular level. Large volumes of data obtained by FT-ICR MS were processed via statistical methods to extract valuable information on the molecular structures and compositions of organic compounds in coal. METHODS A low-rank coal was subjected to ultrasonic extraction sequentially with six solvents to separate and enrich species with different molecular characteristics. Complex mass spectra of the six extracts were obtained by a FT-ICR MS system equipped with two ionization sources. Two multivariate statistical methods, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principle component analysis (PCA), were introduced to mine useful information from the complex MS data and visually exhibit comprehensive molecular details in coal extracts. RESULTS Similarities and differences between the 17 MS data sets from six coal extracts ionized by different ion sources were visually exhibited in plots via data processing using HCA and PCA. For HCA, all of the identified compounds were divided into seven classes (CH, O, N, S, ON, OS, and NS), and detailed differences in the relative abundance were revealed. In addition, PCA discriminated the differences in molecular composition for organic compounds from the six extracts. CONCLUSIONS Multivariate statistical analysis is a promising methodology which can interpret the chemical composition of coals and coal derivatives at the molecular level, especially for the analysis of multiple complex samples presenting in a single plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Cho E, Park M, Hur M, Kang G, Kim YH, Kim S. Molecular-level investigation of soils contaminated by oil spilled during the Gulf War. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:271-277. [PMID: 30925386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, molecular-level chemical compositions of soils contaminated by oil spilled during the Gulf War were studied. Two soil samples, respectively collected at 0.1 m and between 0.5 and 1 m below the surface from an oil spill site, were extracted with organic solvents and water. The extracts were analyzed via ultrahigh resolution FT-ICR and two-dimensional gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The data showed that the spilled oil was significantly affected by vaporization due to high surface temperatures in the desert. The data obtained with (+) atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) and (-) electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with ultrahigh resolution-mass spectrometry (UHR-MS) indicated that the degradation of aromatic compounds and increase in oxygen-containing classes occurred in the following order: surface soil > below surface soil > crude oil. The oxygenated compounds were confirmed by principal component analysis. The score and loading plots of Ox and SOx showed that they were the major contributors to differentiate the samples. However, a comparison with previously reported oceanic oil spills showed that less significant degradation occurred even after almost 30 years. Our data can provide an information basis for designing a strategy for clean-up and restoration efforts of Gulf War oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhee Park
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, and Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506, United States
| | - Guyoung Kang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81 Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-eup, Cheoin-gu 17035, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Green-Nano Materials Research Center, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lim D, Park Y, Chang R, Ahmed A, Kim S. Application of molecular dynamics simulation to improve the theoretical prediction for collisional cross section of aromatic compounds with long alkyl chains in crude oils. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:650-656. [PMID: 30710409 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with finite temperature were performed to improve the theoretical prediction of collisional cross section (CCS) values, especially for aromatic compounds containing long alkyl chains. METHODS In this study, the CCS values of 11 aromatic compounds with long alkyl chains were calculated by MD simulations while considering internal energy at 300, 500, and 700 K, and the results were compared with experimentally determined values. RESULTS The CCS values calculated at higher energies showed better agreement with the experimental values. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as pentacene and benz[b]anthracene were also investigated, and better agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was observed when higher temperature (or higher internal energy) was considered. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in this study show that the internal degrees of freedom of ions must be considered to accurately predict the CCS values of aromatic compounds with a flexible structure measured by ion mobility mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwan Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakwoo Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green Nano Center, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Krajewski LC, Lobodin VV, Johansen C, Bartges TE, Maksimova EV, MacDonald IR, Marshall AG. Linking Natural Oil Seeps from the Gulf of Mexico to Their Origin by Use of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1365-1374. [PMID: 29320168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report chemical characterization of natural oil seeps from the Gulf of Mexico by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and Gas Chromatography/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (GC/APCI-MS), to highlight how FT-ICR MS can also be employed as a means to determine petroleum connectivity, in addition to traditional GC/MS techniques. The source of petroleum is the Green Canyon (GC) 600 lease block in the Gulf of Mexico. Within GC600, two natural oil seepage zones, Mega Plume and Birthday Candles, continuously release hydrocarbons and develop persistent oil slicks at the sea surface above them. We chemically trace the petroleum from the surface oil slicks to the Mega Plume seep itself, and further to a petroleum reservoir 5 km away in lease block GC645 (Holstein Reservoir). We establish the connectivity between oil samples and confirm a common geological origin for the oil slicks, oil seep, and reservoir oil. The ratios of seven common petroleum biomarkers detected by GC/APCI-MS display clear similarity between the GC600 and GC645 samples, as well as a distinct difference from another reservoir oil collected ∼300 km away (Macondo crude oil from MC252 lease block). FT-ICR MS and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrate further similarities between the GC600 and GC645 samples that distinctly differ from MC252. A common geographical origin is postulated for the GC600/GC645 samples, with petroleum migrating from the GC645 reservoir to the oil seeps found in GC600 and up through the water column to the sea surface as an oil slick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Vladislav V Lobodin
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Caroline Johansen
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University , 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tessa E Bartges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ekaterina V Maksimova
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida , St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Ian R MacDonald
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University , 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Alan G Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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Gavard R, Rossell D, Spencer SEF, Barrow MP. Themis: Batch Preprocessing for Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectra of Complex Mixtures. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11383-11390. [PMID: 28985049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry affords the resolving power to determine an unprecedented number of components in complex mixtures, such as petroleum. The software tools required to also analyze these data struggle to keep pace with advancing instrument capabilities and increasing quantities of data, particularly in terms of combining information efficiently across multiple replicates. Improved confidence in data and the use of replicates is particularly important where strategic decisions will be based upon the analysis. We present a new algorithm named Themis, developed using R, to jointly preprocess replicate measurements of a sample with the aim of improving consistency as a preliminary step to assigning peaks to chemical compositions. The main features of the algorithm are quality control criteria to detect failed runs, ensuring comparable magnitudes across replicates, peak alignment, and the use of an adaptive mixture model-based strategy to help distinguish true peaks from noise. The algorithm outputs a list of peaks reliably observed across replicates and facilitates data handling by preprocessing all replicates in a single step. The processed data produced by our algorithm can subsequently be analyzed by use of relevant specialized software. While Themis has been demonstrated with petroleum as an example of a complex mixture, its basic framework will be useful for complex samples arising from a variety of other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Rossell
- Department of Economics & Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona 08005, Spain
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Ahmed A, Lim D, Choi CH, Kim S. Correlation between experimental data of protonation of aromatic compounds at (+) atmospheric pressure photoionization and theoretically calculated enthalpies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1023-1030. [PMID: 28401729 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The theoretical enthalpy calculated from the overall protonation reaction (electron transfer plus hydrogen transfer) in positive-mode (+) atmospheric-pressure photoionization (APPI) was compared with experimental results for 49 aromatic compounds. A linear relationship was observed between the calculated ΔH and the relative abundance of the protonated peak. The parameter gives reasonable predictions for all the aromatic hydrocarbon compounds used in this study. METHODS A parameter is devised by combining experimental MS data and high-level theoretical calculations. A (+) APPI Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer was used to obtain MS data for each solution. B3LYP exchange-correlation functions with the standard 6-311+G(df,2p) basis set was used to perform density functional theory (DFT) calculations. RESULTS All the molecules with ΔH <0 kcal/mol for the overall protonation reaction with toluene clusters produced protonated ions, regardless of the desolvation temperature. For molecules with ΔH >0, molecular ions were more abundant at typical APPI desolvation temperatures (300°C), while the protonated ions became comparable or dominant at higher temperatures (400°C). The toluene cluster size was an important factor when predicting the ionization behavior of aromatic hydrocarbon ions in (+) APPI. CONCLUSIONS The data used in this study clearly show that the theoretically calculated reaction enthalpy (ΔH) of protonation with toluene dimers can be used to predict the protonation behavior of aromatic compounds. When compounds have a negative ΔH value, the types of ions generated for aromatic compounds could be very well predicted based on the ΔH value. The ΔH can explain overall protonation behavior of compounds with ΔH values >0. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Green Nano Center, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Green Nano Center, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Fan X, Yu YR, Xia JL, Zhao YP, Cao JP, Lu Y, Yue XM, Zhu TG, Wei XY, Lu JL. Analysis of soluble components in coals and interpretations for the complex mass spectra. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:503-508. [PMID: 28035719 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The deduction of useful information from the mass spectra of a complex mixture like coals remains difficult, which limits the clean and efficient utilization of coals. It is necessary to explore the data interpretation methods for mass spectra and visualize the analytical data of coals for industrial utilization such as feedstock selection. METHODS Coal sample and methanol were mixed and heated to 310 °C and kept at that temperature for 2 h. The solvent was under supercritical state at 310 °C and the solubility for the solid mixture increased. Soluble products from thermal dissolution of two Chinese coals were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry. RESULTS The iso-abundance plot for molecules in coals was upgraded to display the distributions of isomers which are indicated as concentric circles or triangles with the same carbon number and value of double-bond equivalent. The concentration ratio was introduced from economics to describe the content inequality of organic species within the same class of coal molecules. CONCLUSIONS Interpretation methods for mass spectra visualize and simplify the understanding of complex components in coals for industrial utilization. Coals with a high concentration ratio for a specific class should take priority as a feedstock for chemicals and receive more attention. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Jun-Liu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Jing-Pei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Teng-Gao Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Jin-Li Lu
- News Center of CUMT, China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu, 221116, China
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21
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Islam A, Ahmed A, Hur M, Thorn K, Kim S. Molecular-level evidence provided by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for oil-derived doc in groundwater at Bemidji, Minnesota. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:123-132. [PMID: 27526278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter samples extracted from ground water at the USGS Bemidji oil spill site in Minnesota were investigated by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the elemental composition assignments of the samples showed that the score plots for the contaminated sites were well separated from those for the uncontaminated sites. Additionally, spectra obtained from the same sampling site 7 and 19 years after the spill were grouped together in the score plot, strongly suggesting a steady state of contamination within the 12year interval. The double bond equivalence (DBE) of Ox class compounds was broader for the samples from the contaminated sites, because of the complex nature of oil and the consequent formation of compounds with saturated and/or aromatic structures from the oxygenated products of oil. In addition, Ox class compounds with a relatively smaller number of x (x<8; x=number of oxygen) and OxS1 class compounds were more abundant in the samples from the contaminated sites, because of the lower oxygen and higher sulfur contents of the oil compared to humic substances. The molecular-level signatures presented here can be a fundamental basis for in-depth analysis of oil contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananna Islam
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kevin Thorn
- Water Mission Area, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Green Nano Center, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmed A, Choi CH, Kim S. Mechanistic study on lowering the sensitivity of positive atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometric analyses: size-dependent reactivity of solvent clusters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2095-2101. [PMID: 26443412 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is important for studies employing APPI liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In this study, the APPI mechanism for polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds dissolved in toluene and methanol or water mixture was investigated by use of MS analysis and quantum mechanical simulation. In particular, four different mechanisms that could contribute to the signal reduction were considered based on a combination of MS data and quantum mechanical calculations. METHODS The APPI mechanism is clarified by combining MS data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To obtain MS data, a positive-mode (+) APPI Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer was used to analyze each solution. DFT calculations were performed using the general atomic and molecular electronic structure system (GAMESS). RESULTS The experimental results indicated that methanol significantly reduced the signal in (+) APPI, but no significative signal reduction was observed when water was used as a co-solvent with toluene. The signal reduction is more significant especially for molecular ions than for protonated ions. Therefore, important information about the mechanism of methanol-induced signal reduction in (+) APPI-MS can be gained due its negative impact on APPI efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The size-dependent reactivity of methanol clusters ((CH3 OH)n , n = 1-8) is an important factor in determining the sensitivity of (+) APPI-MS analyses. Clusters can compete with toluene radical ions for electrons. The reactivity increases as the sizes of the methanol clusters increase and this effect can be caused by the size-dependent ionization energy of the solvent clusters. The resulting increase in cluster reactivity explains the flow rate and temperature-dependent signal reduction observed in the analytes. Based on the results presented here, minimizing the sizes of methanol clusters can improve the sensitivity of LC/(+)-APPI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmed
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Islam A, Kim D, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Kim S. Structure-dependent degradation of polar compounds in weathered oils observed by atmospheric pressure photo-ionization hydrogen/deuterium exchange ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 296:93-100. [PMID: 25913675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The resin fractions of fresh mixtures of three oils spilled during the M/V Hebei Spirit oil spill, as well as weathered oils collected at weathering stages II and IV from the oil spill site were analyzed and compared by atmospheric pressure photo-ionization hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX MS). The significantly decreased abundance of N(+) and [N-H+D](+) ions suggested that secondary and tertiary amine-containing compounds were preferentially degraded during the early stage of weathering. [N+H](+) and [N+D](+) ions previously attributed to pyridine-type compounds degraded more slowly than secondary and tertiary amine-containing compounds. The preferential degradation of nitrogen-containing compounds was confirmed by photo-degradation experiments using 15 standard compounds. In addition, significant increases of [S1O1+H](+) and [S1O1+D](+) ions with higher DBE values were observed from fresh oil mixtures as compared to stages II and IV samples, and that could be linked with the decrease of higher DBE compounds of the S1 class. This study presented convincing arguments and evidence demonstrating that secondary and tertiary amines were more vulnerable to photo-degradation than compounds containing pyridine, and hence, preferential degradation depending on chemical structures must be considered in the production of hazardous or toxic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananna Islam
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, KIOST, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, KIOST, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Green Nano Center, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Yi Y, Birks SJ, Cho S, Gibson JJ. Characterization of organic composition in snow and surface waters in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:148-58. [PMID: 25747374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize the composition of dissolved organic compounds present in snow and surface waters in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) with the goal of identifying whether atmospherically-derived organic compounds present in snow are a significant contributor to the compounds detected in surface waters (i.e., rivers and lakes). We used electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS) to characterize the dissolved organic compound compositions of snow and surface water samples. The organic profiles obtained for the snow samples show compositional differences between samples from near-field sites (<5 km from oil sands activities) and those from more distant locations (i.e., far-field sites). There are also significant compositional differences between samples collected in near-field sites and surface water samples in the AOSR. The composition of dissolved organic compounds at the upstream Athabasca River site (i.e., Athabasca River at Athabasca) is found to be different from samples obtained from downstream sites in the vicinity of oil sands operations (i.e., Athabasca River at Fort McMurray and Athabasca River at Firebag confluence). The upstream Athabasca River sites tended to share some compositional similarities with far-field snow deposition, while the downstream Athabasca River sites are more similar to local lakes and tributaries. This contrast likely indicates the relative role of regional snowmelt contributions to the Athabasca River vs inputs from local catchments in the reach downstream of Fort McMurray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yi
- Alberta Innovates-Technology Futures, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - S J Birks
- Alberta Innovates-Technology Futures, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Cho
- Clean Energy Branch, Policy Division, Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J J Gibson
- Alberta Innovates-Technology Futures, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Chen Y, McPhedran KN, Perez-Estrada L, Gamal El-Din M. An omic approach for the identification of oil sands process-affected water compounds using multivariate statistical analysis of ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry datasets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:230-237. [PMID: 25546461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is a major environmental issue due to its acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Advanced oxidation processes are promising treatments to successfully degrade toxic OSPW compounds. This study applied high resolution mass spectrometry to detect over 1000 compounds in OSPW samples after treatments including general ozonation, and ozone with carbonate, tert-butyl-alcohol, carbonate/tert-butyl-alcohol, tetranitromethane, or iron. Hierarchal clustering analysis showed that samples clustered based on sampling time and principal component analysis corroborated these results while also providing information on significant markers responsible for the clustering. Some markers were uniquely present in certain treatment conditions, while others showed variable behaviors in two or more treatments due to the presence of scavengers/catalysts. This advanced approach to monitoring significant changes of markers by using multivariate analysis can be invaluable for future work on OSPW treatment by-products and their potential toxicity to receiving environment organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3-133 Markin/CNRL Natural Resources Engineering Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 W2, Canada
| | - Kerry N McPhedran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3-133 Markin/CNRL Natural Resources Engineering Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 W2, Canada
| | - Leonidas Perez-Estrada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3-133 Markin/CNRL Natural Resources Engineering Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 W2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3-133 Markin/CNRL Natural Resources Engineering Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 W2, Canada.
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Cho Y, Ahmed A, Islam A, Kim S. Developments in FT-ICR MS instrumentation, ionization techniques, and data interpretation methods for petroleomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:248-263. [PMID: 24942384 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing importance of heavy and unconventional crude oil as an energy source, there is a growing need for petroleomics: the pursuit of more complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions of crude oil. Crude oil has an extremely complex nature; hence, techniques with ultra-high resolving capabilities, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), are necessary. FT-ICR MS has been successfully applied to the study of heavy and unconventional crude oils such as bitumen and shale oil. However, the analysis of crude oil with FT-ICR MS is not trivial, and it has pushed analysis to the limits of instrumental and methodological capabilities. For example, high-resolution mass spectra of crude oils may contain over 100,000 peaks that require interpretation. To visualize large data sets more effectively, data processing methods such as Kendrick mass defect analysis and statistical analyses have been developed. The successful application of FT-ICR MS to the study of crude oil has been critically dependent on key developments in FT-ICR MS instrumentation and data processing methods. This review offers an introduction to the basic principles, FT-ICR MS instrumentation development, ionization techniques, and data interpretation methods for petroleomics and is intended for readers having no prior experience in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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Kruse J, Abraham M, Amelung W, Baum C, Bol R, Kühn O, Lewandowski H, Niederberger J, Oelmann Y, Rüger C, Santner J, Siebers M, Siebers N, Spohn M, Vestergren J, Vogts A, Leinweber P. Innovative methods in soil phosphorus research: A review. JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE = ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE 2015; 178:43-88. [PMID: 26167132 PMCID: PMC4497464 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201400327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state-of-the-art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q-TOF MS/MS, high resolution-MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum-chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT, 33P isotopic exchange, 18O isotope ratios). Required experimental set-ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kruse
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Abraham
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wulf Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of BonnNussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christel Baum
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockWismarsche Straße 43–45,18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans Lewandowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Niederberger
- Chair of Silviculture, Albert Ludwig University FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 4, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yvonne Oelmann
- Geoecology, Geosciences, University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19–23.72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Rüger
- Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of RostockDr.-Lorenzweg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Santner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Meike Siebers
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of BonnKarlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Siebers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-3: Agrosphere, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University BayreuthDr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1–3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johan Vestergren
- Chemistry, Umeå University, Kemi A, plan 4, Linnaeus väg10 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchSeestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Leinweber
- Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of RostockJustus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- *
Soil Science, Faculty for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany e-mail:
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28
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Lee S, Cho Y, Kim S. Development and Application of a Software Tool for the Interpretation of Organic Mixtures' Spectra - Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange (STORM-HDX) to Interpret APPI HDX MS Spectra. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Ahmed A, Cho Y, Giles K, Riches E, Lee JW, Kim HI, Choi CH, Kim S. Elucidating Molecular Structures of Nonalkylated and Short-Chain Alkyl (n < 5, (CH2)n) Aromatic Compounds in Crude Oils by a Combination of Ion Mobility and Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometries and Theoretical Collisional Cross-Section Calculations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3300-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4032737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmed
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Cho
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jong Wha Lee
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials
Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials
Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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30
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Islam A, Cho Y, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Kim YH, Kim S. The comparison of naturally weathered oil and artificially photo-degraded oil at the molecular level by a combination of SARA fractionation and FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 263 Pt 2:404-411. [PMID: 24231315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of oil samples, one obtained from different weathering stages of the M/V Hebei Spirit oil spill site and the other prepared by an in vitro photo-degradation experiment, were analyzed and compared at the molecular level by atmospheric pressure photo-ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). For a more detailed comparison at the molecular level, the oil samples were separated into saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene (SARA) fractions before MS analysis. Gravimetric analysis of the SARA fractions revealed a decreased weight percentage of the aromatic fraction and an increased resin fraction in both sets of samples. Molecular-level investigations of the SARA fractions showed a significant reduction in the S1 class in the saturate fraction and increase of S1O1 class compounds with high DBE values in resin fraction. Levels of N1 and N1O1 class compounds resulting in protonated ions (presumably basic nitrogen compounds) increased after degradation compared to compounds generating molecular ions (presumably non-basic nitrogen compounds). This study revealed changes occurring in heteroatom polar species of crude oils such as sulfur and nitrogen containing compounds that have not been easily detected with conventional GC based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananna Islam
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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31
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Cho Y, Ahmed A, Kim S. Application of Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Molecular Level Speciation of Nitrogen Compounds in Heavy Crude Oils. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9758-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402157r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Cho
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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32
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Corilo YE, Podgorski DC, McKenna AM, Lemkau KL, Reddy CM, Marshall AG, Rodgers RP. Oil Spill Source Identification by Principal Component Analysis of Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectra. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9064-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401604u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri E. Corilo
- National
High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - David C. Podgorski
- National
High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National
High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Karin L. Lemkau
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Christopher M. Reddy
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods
Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Alan G. Marshall
- National
High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain
Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ryan P. Rodgers
- National
High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain
Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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33
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Abdulla HAN, Sleighter RL, Hatcher PG. Two dimensional correlation analysis of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra of dissolved organic matter: a new graphical analysis of trends. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3895-902. [PMID: 23472832 DOI: 10.1021/ac303221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis was applied to 20 Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra (FTICR-MS) of ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter samples from a salinity transect of the lower Chesapeake Bay. We were able to investigate the chemical changes in the dissolved organic matter pool at the molecular level and classify the individual peaks based on their biogeochemical reactivity. The power of this technique is its ability to be used on either the presence/absence of the individual peaks or their normalized magnitudes. The presence or absence of the peaks are utilized to identify the reactivity and correlation between peaks that plot in different regions of the van Krevelen diagram, whereas the normalized magnitudes are used to correlate the changes among individual peaks. One of the promising advantages of 2D correlation of FTICR-MS data is the ability to associate the variations of the individual peaks with the changes in the functional groups that are measured by other spectroscopic techniques. This approach takes us one step further from identifying molecular formulas to proposing chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain A N Abdulla
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
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34
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Sleighter RL, Chen H, Wozniak AS, Willoughby AS, Caricasole P, Hatcher PG. Establishing a Measure of Reproducibility of Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectra for Complex Mixtures of Natural Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9184-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3018026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Sleighter
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Physical
Sciences Building, Room 3100, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Physical
Sciences Building, Room 3100, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Andrew S. Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Physical
Sciences Building, Room 3100, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Amanda S. Willoughby
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Physical
Sciences Building, Room 3100, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Paolo Caricasole
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Physical
Sciences Building, Room 3100, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Patrick G. Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Physical
Sciences Building, Room 3100, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
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35
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Cho Y, Witt M, Kim YH, Kim S. Characterization of Crude Oils at the Molecular Level by Use of Laser Desorption Ionization Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8587-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301615m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Cho
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu,
702-701 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young Hwan Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 863-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu,
702-701 Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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36
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Wang J, Zhang X, Li G. Detailed characterization of polar compounds of residual oil in contaminated soil revealed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:609-615. [PMID: 21777939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of remediation technologies on polar compounds of crude oil in contaminated soils have not been well understood when compared to hydrocarbons. In this study, ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize the changes in NSO polar compounds of crude oil and residual oil after long-term natural attenuation, biostimulation and subsequent ozonation following biostimulation of contaminated soils. N1 and O1 species, which were abundant in the crude oil, were selectively biodegraded, and species with higher double bond equivalent values and smaller carbon numbers appeared to be more resistant to microbial alteration. O2-O6 species were enriched by biodegradation and contained a large number of compounds with a high degree of unsaturation. Ozone could react with a variety of polar compounds in residual oil after biodegradation and showed high reactivity with polar species containing aromatic or multi-aliphatic rings, including the residual N1 and O1 species, naphthenic acids and unsaturated O3-O6 compounds. Fatty acids and O3-O8 species dominated by saturated alkyl compounds were resistant to ozonation or the primarily incomplete ozonation products. Principal component analysis of identified peaks in the FT-ICR MS spectra provided a comprehensive overview of the complex samples at the molecular level and the results were consistent with the detailed analysis. Taken together, these results showed the high complexity of polar compounds in residual oils after biodegradation or ozonation in contaminated soil and would contribute to a better understanding of bioremediation and ozonation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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37
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Cho Y, Kim YH, Kim S. Planar Limit-Assisted Structural Interpretation of Saturates/Aromatics/Resins/Asphaltenes Fractionated Crude Oil Compounds Observed by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6068-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2011685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Cho
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 863-883, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306−4390, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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39
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Ahmed A, Cho YJ, No MH, Koh J, Tomczyk N, Giles K, Yoo JS, Kim S. Application of the Mason−Schamp Equation and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry To Identify Structurally Related Compounds in Crude Oil. Anal Chem 2010; 83:77-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101934q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yun Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myoung-han No
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaesuk Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nicholas Tomczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kevin Giles
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Waters MS Technologies Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, and Mass Spectrometry Group, Korean Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
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40
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Yeo IJ, Lee JW, Kim SH. Application of Clustering Methods for Interpretation of Petroleum Spectra from Negative-Mode ESI FT-ICR MS. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Sleighter RL, Liu Z, Xue J, Hatcher PG. Multivariate statistical approaches for the characterization of dissolved organic matter analyzed by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7576-7582. [PMID: 20836547 DOI: 10.1021/es1002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We apply multivariate statistics to explore the large data sets encountered from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Molecular formula assignments for the individual constituents of DOM are examined by hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), to measure the relationships between numerous DOM samples. We compare two approaches: (1) using averages of elemental ratios and double bond equivalents calculated from the formulas, and (2) employing individual formulas and either their presence/absence or relative magnitude in each sample. With approach 2, PCA deciphers which of the thousands of formulas are significant to particular samples, and then a van Krevelen diagram highlights what types of compounds are molecular signatures to the samples. Our dual approach, especially approach 2, allows for complex data sets to be more easily interpreted, aiding in the characterization of DOM from various sources. By applying this methodology, clear trends can be delineated, trends that are not apparent from currently employed methods. Terrestrial DOM contains various lignin-derived compounds, tannins, and condensed aromatics. Marine DOM contains aliphatic compounds with heteroatom functionalities, as well as lignin-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Sleighter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
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