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Geddes da Filicaia E, Evershed RP, Peggie DA. Review of recent advances on the use of mass spectrometry techniques for the study of organic materials in painted artworks. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1246:340575. [PMID: 36764767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of painted artworks using scientific methods is fundamental for understanding the techniques used in their creation and their appropriate conservation. The ethical constraints involved in the handling of, and sampling from, these objects has steered recent developments in the field of Heritage science towards a range of new non-invasive/non-destructive spectroscopic techniques capable of providing important insights into their elemental or bulk chemical compositions. Due to the inherent complexities of heritage artefacts, however, their organic components are especially difficult to study in this way and their identification and degradation pathways are thus often best investigated using mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. The versatility, sensitivity and specificity of MS techniques are constantly increasing, with technological advances pushing the boundaries of their use in this field. The progress in the past ten years in the use of MS techniques for the analysis of paint media are described in the present review. While some historical context is included, the body of the review is structured around the five most widely used or emerging capabilities offered by MS. The first pertains to the use of spatially resolved MS to obtain chemical maps of components in cross-sections, which may yield information on both inorganic and organic materials, while the second area describes the development of novel sample preparation approaches for gas chromatography (GC)-MS to allow simultaneous analysis of a variety of components. The third focuses on thermally assisted analysis (either with direct MS or coupled with GC-MS), a powerful tool for studying macromolecules requiring zero (or minimal) sample pre-treatment. Subsequently, the use of soft ionisation techniques often combined with high-resolution MS for the study of peptides (proteomics) and other macromolecules (such as oligosaccharides and triglycerides) is outlined. The fifth area covers the advances in radiocarbon dating of painting components with accelerator MS (AMS). Lastly, future applications of other MS techniques to the study of paintings are mentioned; such as direct analysis in real time MS (DART-MS) and stable isotope ratio MS (IRMS). The latter, having proven its efficiency for the study of lipids in archaeological artefacts, is envisioned to become a valuable tool for this area, whereas DART-MS is already being utilised to study the surface composition of various museum objects. Rapid technological advances, resulting in increased sensitivity and selectivity of MS techniques, are opening up new approaches for paintings analysis, overcoming the fundamental hurdle of sample size available for destructive analysis. Importantly, while the last decade has seen proteomics applications come to the fore, this review aims to emphasise the wider potential of advanced MS techniques for the study of painting materials and their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Geddes da Filicaia
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK; Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK.
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK
| | - David A Peggie
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK
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Ranalli G, Andreotti A, Colombini MP, Corti C, Lima G, Rampazzi L, Saviano G, Vitullo D, Palmieri D, Zanardini E. Biodeterioration of carbographic ribbon: Isolation, identification of causal agents and forensic implications. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1843-1856. [PMID: 35822846 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study is part of a comprehensive investigation that was performed in regard to a case of alterations on a carbographic ribbon used in a typewriter that was found and seized by inner security operations of the Arma dei Carabinieri, Italy. Thirty-six coded scripts possessing potentially and criminally liable content were present on the tape; however, only the 6th and 7th scripts exhibited alterations of an uncertain nature. The study included sampling that was performed under sterile conditions of a large surface area of carbographic ribbons. A protocol based on physico-chemical, microbiological, and biomolecular tools was established. Preliminary results revealed the presence of fungal contamination that was primarily located on the inner surface of the 6th and 7th scripts on the black carbographic ribbon. One fungal strain was isolated and identified by universal ITS-PCR primer and rDNA sequencing as Alternaria infectoria strain NIS4. Fungal growth was monitored for 3 weeks in the laboratory under different environmental conditions (temperature, open-closed system, and substrate). The A. infectoria NIS4 strain exhibited the best growth at 28°C under a closed system with RH near saturation. We also noted that the fungal growth was abundant at 15°C. Moreover, this fungus (a potential human pathogen) possessed the ability to colonize the surface of the new carbographic ribbon even when using mineral medium; however, this only occurred in a closed system environment and not in open systems due to rapid desiccation. Under our experimental conditions, the A. infectoria NIS4 strain could degrade gelatin as an organic matter present in trace amounts that are often used as a binder in a carbographic ribbon emulsions. The results revealed that the isolated microorganism was the major biological candidate capable of altering the investigated carbographic ribbon; however, these alterations could only occur under favourable environmental conditions. AIMS Identify the cause of microbial alterations on a carbographic ribbon in a typewriter used in a hypogean Italian criminal house named "covo." METHODS AND RESULTS The isolation and identification of biodeteriogens (Alternaria infectoria NIS4) were performed using both culture-dependent and-independent methods, including ITS regions-primed PCR and rDNA techniques. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and optical observations were also performed. Growth tests and biodeterioration simulation tests on carbographic ribbons at the lab scale were performed under different environmental conditions. The A. infectoria NIS4 strain exhibited biodeterioration activity on carbographic ribbons under environmental conditions that were extremely favourable for growth. A high ability to colonize carbographic ribbon surfaces with fast and abundant growth at both 15°C and 28°C under lab-scale conditions at RH near saturation was observed. CONCLUSIONS In this forensic case study, the ability of the isolated micromycetes A. infectoria NIS4 strain to colonize and induce alterations and degradation in a carbographic ribbon stored under indoor environmental conditions was examined. When favourable conditions change over time, the risk of microbial colonization and the damage produced by the fungal biodeterioration processes on the synthetic material objects has been confirmed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The current study contributes to the knowledge of biodeterioration processes in carbographic ribbon and the responsible agents, and our study provides an example of how environmental microbiology can also aid in forensic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ranalli
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Alessia Andreotti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Corti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lima
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Laura Rampazzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy.,The Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Saviano
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Domenico Vitullo
- The Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Palmieri
- The Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanardini
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
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Bílková L, Bartl B, Urbánek Š, Zapletal M, Holakovská L, Ďurovič M, Hrdlička Z, Havlín J. Evaluation of Permulgin 3274 as a Material for the Conservation of Beeswax Seals. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051909. [PMID: 35269140 PMCID: PMC8912028 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When treating historical beeswax seals, it seems a natural choice to use materials as similar to the original as possible. The properties of analogous recent materials, however, differ from those of the aged ones, not to mention the fact that the exact composition of the particular sealing wax is usually uncertain. In order to obtain the material of desired properties, recent beeswax is often combined with various additives, including petroleum waxes, or even replaced by mixtures based solely on these products. Within this study, the relevant properties of Permulgin 3274, a ceresin-type wax, were compared with the characteristics of recent and historical beeswaxes. The aim was to evaluate its advantages and limitations, in terms of its possible use for the conservation of beeswax seals. The properties studied were comprised of the chemical composition, thermal properties, mechanical properties, possibilities of colour adjustment and ageing properties. Permulgin 3274′s workability was evaluated by conservators from the National Archives in Prague. The results indicate that, from the technological point of view, Permulgin 3274 could be considered a welcome alternative to the use of traditional conservation mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Bílková
- National Archives, Archivní 2257/4, 149 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (Š.U.); (L.H.)
| | - Benjamin Bartl
- National Archives, Archivní 2257/4, 149 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (Š.U.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Štěpán Urbánek
- National Archives, Archivní 2257/4, 149 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (Š.U.); (L.H.)
| | - Martin Zapletal
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Libuše Holakovská
- National Archives, Archivní 2257/4, 149 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (Š.U.); (L.H.)
| | - Michal Ďurovič
- Department of Chemical Technology of Monument Conservation, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Hrdlička
- Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Jakub Havlín
- Laboratory of Thermal-Gravimetric Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
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Abstract
Gandharan art developed in the Himalayan area in the early centuries CE. It has been investigated mostly from an iconographic point of view, missing, until very recently, a systematic technical investigation of materials and techniques. Recently our team began performing chemical analyses of the traces of the polychromy originally covering statues, reliefs and architectural decorations, to discover the ancient painting techniques and artistic technologies. This paper presents the results of the analytical investigation (optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) of pigments, ground layers and binders of a new group of samples taken from stucco architectural decorations (2nd–3rd/4th centuries CE). The samples were collected directly at an archaeological site in the Swat Valley, ensuring the exact knowledge of their stratigraphic provenance, as well as the absence of any restoration treatment applied prior sampling. The results are discussed in the wider context of Gandharan polychromy investigated so far by our team, as found in sculptures and architectural decorations preserved in museums (in Italy and France) and in archaeological excavations in Pakistan. The aim of this research is to shed light on the materials and techniques of this Buddhist ancient art from this region and on the influences exerted on it from Eastern and Western artistic traditions.
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Dutta T, Steklý T, Kučera L, Lemr K. Dual-polarity MALDI mass spectrometry and imaging of oil binders and fatty acids in artworks using cyanographene as a single matrix. Talanta 2022; 242:123291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Smoluch M, Sobczyk J, Szewczyk I, Karaszkiewicz P, Silberring J. Mass spectrometry in art conservation-With focus on paintings. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021:e21767. [PMID: 34870867 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of historic artifacts has been a multidisciplinary field from its very beginning. Traditionally, it has been and still is associated with the history of art. It applies knowledge from technical and basic sciences, adapting their solutions to its goals. At present, however, a new tendency is clearly emerging-scientific research is starting to play an increasingly important role not only as a service, but also by proposing new solutions both in the traditional conservation areas and in new areas of conservation activities. The above trend opens up new perspectives for the field of preservation of our heritage but may also create new threats. Therefore, the conservators' caution in introducing new technologies should always be justified; after all, they are responsible for the effects of any activities on the historic objects. This, quite selective review, discusses application of mass spectrometry techniques for the detection of various components that are important to the conservators of our heritage with particular focus on paintings. The text also contains some basic knowledge of technical details to introduce the methodology to a broader group of professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Smoluch
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Szewczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Karaszkiewicz
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
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Lluveras-Tenorio A, Orsini S, Pizzimenti S, Del Seppia S, Colombini MP, Duce C, Bonaduce I. Development of a GC–MS strategy for the determination of cross-linked proteins in 20th century paint tubes. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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First Evidence of "Earth Wax" Inside the Casting Molds from the Roman Era. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144259. [PMID: 34299534 PMCID: PMC8306946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was focused on the analysis of material composition and organic residues present in three molds found in the Moravian region (Czech Republic) belonging to the Roman era. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy pointed out the possible remelting of Roman objects in Barbarian territory. The analysis of organic residues retrieved from the internal part of mold #2 by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry proved the presence of ozokerite wax (“earth wax”). Consequent analysis of this organic residue by Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe–ion mobility spectrometry–high-resolution mass spectrometry (ASAP-IMS-HRMS) confirmed the presence of ceresin, the main component of ozokerite. Ceresin was also detected in a sample of the organic residue from mold #1. Note that this is the first application of ASAP-IMS-HRMS in archaeological research. The remains of earth wax in molds suggest the production of wax models as an intermediate stage for the production of lost-wax ceramic casting molds.
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Preparation and characterization of ancient recipe of organic Lime Putty-Evaluation for its suitability in restoration of Padmanabhapuram Palace, India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13261. [PMID: 34168188 PMCID: PMC8225893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims at preparation and characterization of six organic lime putty (hydraulic Lime + fermented plant extract) using regionally available plants namely Terminalia Chebula (kadukkai), Rosa Sinensis (hibiscus), Palm jaggery (refined sugar), Xanthorrhoeaceae (aloe vera), and Indigofera Tinctoria (neelamari) as per the methods given in the ancient palm leaf of Padmanabhapuram Palace, India. Advanced analytical techniques like Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), UV-Spectrophotometer and carbon dioxide quantification were used to study the fermented plant extracts and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to study hydrated phases and microstructure of organic lime putty. GC–MS recorded the phytochemical compounds like fatty acids, traces of proteins, polysaccharides and carbohydrates. Fermented kadukkai and neelamari extracts reported as fatty acid, palm jaggery as carbohydrate, hibiscus as polysaccharide and aloevera rich in all the biomolecules. The detection limit of Quantification:0.013 and limit of detection:0.067 for polysaccharides, 0.026 and 0.088 for unsaturated fatty acids was reported through a U.V spectrophotometer for all the herbs. Aloevera and neelamari fermented extracts recorded the CO2 release around 96,000 and 90,000 ppm on 4th day of fermentation, whereas for other herbs it ranged below the recorded readings. Supply of CO2 has initiated the internal carbonation of the lime putty and precipitation of calcite in three different forms aragonite, calcite and vaterite minerals. The addition of organics resulted in high-intensity portlandite peaks and calcium carbonate polymorphs as reported in XRD graphs in agreement with FT-IR analysis. FESEM morphology validated the early formation of carbonate polymorphs, and EDX. has shown that kadukkai lime putty, jaggery lime putty and reference lime putty. mixes have calcium around 35–45%. From the overall results, 3% addition of eco-friendly biopolymers has altered the properties like setting time, water repellency and higher carbonation rate, which is the main reason behind longevity of the structure.
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Ntasi G, Kirby DP, Stanzione I, Carpentieri A, Somma P, Cicatiello P, Marino G, Giardina P, Birolo L. A versatile and user-friendly approach for the analysis of proteins in ancient and historical objects. J Proteomics 2020; 231:104039. [PMID: 33147491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Identification and characterization of ancient proteins still require technical developments towards non-invasiveness, sensitivity, versatility and ease of use of the analyses. We report that the enzyme functionalized films, described in Cicatiello et al. (2018), can be used efficiently on the surface of different objects ranging from fixative-coated paper to canvas to the coating on an albumen photograph, as well as the much harder surfaces of ivory objects and the proteinaceous binders in the decoration of a wooden Egyptian coffin. The mixture of digested peptides that are efficiently captured on the functionalized surface are also amenable to LC-MS/MS analysis, which is necessary to confidently identify chemical modifications induced upon degradation, in order to characterize the conservation state of proteins. Moreover, in a two-step procedure, we have combined the trypsin functionalized film with a PNGaseF functionalized film, which adds a deglycosylation pretreatment allowing improved detection of glycosylated proteins. SIGNIFICANCE: User friendly trypsin functionalized films were implemented to expand their potential as versatile, modular tools that can be widely exploited in the world of diagnosis of cultural heritage objects, ancient proteins, and palaeoproteomics: a procedure that could be carried out by conservators or archaeologists first on-site and later analysed with standard MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ntasi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Humanities, University Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Somma
- Department of Humanities, University Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Cicatiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Marino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Humanities, University Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leila Birolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Fermo P, Mearini A, Bonomi R, Arrighetti E, Comite V. An integrated analytical approach for the characterization of repainted wooden statues dated to the fifteenth century. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Identification of green pigments and binders in late medieval painted wings from Norwegian churches. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Development of a Simple Method for Labeling and Identification of Protein Binders in Art. HERITAGE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage2030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Easel paintings are assets with an important historic and cultural value. They usually possess a multi-tiered structure, composed of different layers some of which may present protein binders, making it important to identify these materials for restoration and conservation purposes. We propose the identification of different protein binders by a new fluorescent labeling method employing a coumarin based chromophore, C392STP (sodium(E/Z)-4-(4-(2-(6,7-dimethoxycoumarin-3-yl)vinyl)benzoyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenesulfo-nate). The method was optimized using commercial proteins and was further tested on proteins extracted from hen’s egg yolk, white bovine milk, and rabbit skin glue. To model more realistic conditions, paint models of easel paintings were prepared. The paint models were made with hen’s egg yolk, white bovine milk, and rabbit skin glue, mixed with different pigments and submitted to artificial aging. Then the extracted proteins from the paint models were labeled with C392 which allowed a sensitive and selective identification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the different protein binders used. As a final test, three 19th century easel paintings, from the Italian painter Giorgio Marini, were analyzed. The results show the potential of the proposed method for the identification of protein binders present in easel paintings.
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14
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Wine markers in archeological potteries: detection by GC-MS at ultratrace levels. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6711-6722. [PMID: 31372702 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The detection of organic residues that remain absorbed into the pores of ceramic artifacts constitutes a source of information regarding their management. Taking into account the poor conservation state of the potteries and the low amount of the organic tracers together with the main drawbacks to get the relevant information concerning different aspects of past societies, the detection of organic biomarkers is still an analytical challenge. In this work, an improved analytical methodology to maximize the recovery of organic markers related to wine in archeological ceramics is presented. The developed method consists on the extraction of wine-related organic compounds including tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, and syringic acid by means of ultrasonic probe-assisted extraction (UPAE) followed by a preconcentration step by mixed-mode strong anion exchange and reversed-phase solid-phase extraction (SPE) and a derivatization step prior to analysis by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, the method was applied to real archeological ceramic fragments (two dolia), suspected to have been used to store wine, together with organic residues found inside two amphorae from Zaragoza (Spain). Graphical abstract.
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Hafting of Middle Paleolithic tools in Latium (central Italy): New data from Fossellone and Sant'Agostino caves. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213473. [PMID: 31220106 PMCID: PMC6586293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hafting of stone tools was an important advance in the technology of the Paleolithic. Evidence of hafting in the Middle Paleolithic is growing and is not limited to points hafted on spears for thrusting or throwing. This article describes the identification of adhesive used for hafting on a variety of stone tools from two Middle Paleolithic caves in Latium, Fossellone Cave and Sant’Agostino Cave. Analysis of the organic residue by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry shows that a conifer resin adhesive was used, in one case mixed with beeswax. Contrary to previous suggestions that the small Middle Paleolithic tools of Latium could be used by hand and that hafting was not needed since it did not improve their functionality, our evidence shows that hafting was used by Neandertals in central Italy. Ethnographic evidence indicates that resin, which dries when exposed to air, is generally warmed by exposure to a small fire thus softened to be molded and pushed in position in the haft. The use of resin at both sites suggests regular fire use, as confirmed by moderate frequencies of burnt lithics in both assemblages. Lithic analysis shows that hafting was applied to a variety of artifacts, irrespective of type, size and technology. Prior to our study evidence of hafting in the Middle Paleolithic of Italy was limited to one case only.
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Sutherland K. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques for the characterisation of organic materials in works of art. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The power of GC/MS to resolve, characterise and quantify complex mixtures of organic compounds with high sensitivity has made it an indispensable analytical tool to address detailed questions about the chemical constituents of works of art. This paper provides an overview of the technique and its particular suitability to material studies of art and historical artefacts, and reviews its diverse research applications concerning the organic composition of artists’ and conservation materials. Options with regard to sample preparation by chemical derivatisation, pyrolysis techniques, and methods for the analysis of volatile organic compounds are discussed, as well as various approaches to the treatment and interpretation of data. The greatest value is gained from GC/MS when it is used as a complementary technique, informed by and in synergy with other methods of analysis.
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Ranalli G, Zanardini E, Rampazzi L, Corti C, Andreotti A, Colombini MP, Bosch-Roig P, Lustrato G, Giantomassi C, Zari D, Virilli P. Onsite advanced biocleaning system for historical wall paintings using new agar-gauze bacteria gel. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1785-1796. [PMID: 30953595 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study reports the results of the application of a new agar-gauze biogel system activated with viable bacterial cells to altered wall paintings. METHODS AND RESULTS Biocleaning using agar biogel and agar-gauze biogel systems was performed onsite by direct application to altered wall painting surfaces (25-1000 cm2 ). The treatments were performed for the restoration of two original Italian sites: (i) at the Vatican Museums, Cristo che salva Pietro dalle acque-La Navicella, a wall painting by Giovanni Lanfranco (1627-1628) and (ii) at Pisa Cathedral Cupola, Incarnato, a wall painting by Orazio Riminaldi (1593-1630) and his brother Girolamo Riminaldi. The novelty of this study is the use of viable Pseudomonas stutzeri A29 cells in an advanced agar-gauze biogel system and the short bio-application contact times of between 3 and 12 h. The historical artworks were altered by lipid and protein residues from past restoration, as confirmed by Py-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and FT-IR data. The effectiveness of the biological treatment was assessed, and general considerations were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The short bio-application contact time of advanced agar-gauze gel activated with viable P. stutzeri cells makes this biotechnology promising as an alternative method to the traditional onsite cleaning techniques currently in use for altered historical wall paintings. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, we report for the first time the biocleaning of altered materials located in vertical and vaulted areas using agar-gauze biogel with short application times. These findings are of great significance for future restoration activities and are crucial for determining the best preservation strategies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ranalli
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - E Zanardini
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - L Rampazzi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - A Andreotti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M P Colombini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Bosch-Roig
- Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - G Lustrato
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - C Giantomassi
- Direzione Tecnica dell'Opera della Primaziale Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Zari
- Direzione Tecnica dell'Opera della Primaziale Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Characterization of organic materials in the decoration of ornamental structures in the Alhambra monumental ensemble using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Ranalli G, Zanardini E, Andreotti A, Colombini M, Corti C, Bosch-Roig P, De Nuntiis P, Lustrato G, Mandrioli P, Rampazzi L, Giantomassi C, Zari D. Hi-tech restoration by two-steps biocleaning process of Triumph of Death
fresco at the Camposanto Monumental Cemetery (Pisa, Italy). J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:800-812. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Ranalli
- Department of Bioscience and Territory; University of Molise; Pesche Italy
| | - E. Zanardini
- Department of Science and High Technology; University of Insubria; Como Italy
| | - A. Andreotti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - M.P. Colombini
- Department of Science and High Technology; University of Insubria; Como Italy
| | - C. Corti
- Department of Science and High Technology; University of Insubria; Como Italy
| | - P. Bosch-Roig
- Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia Spain
| | - P. De Nuntiis
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate; National Research Council; Bologna Italy
| | - G. Lustrato
- Department of Bioscience and Territory; University of Molise; Pesche Italy
| | - P. Mandrioli
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate; National Research Council; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Rampazzi
- Department of Science and High Technology; University of Insubria; Como Italy
| | - C. Giantomassi
- Direzione Tecnica dell'Opera della Primaziale Pisana; Pisa Italy
| | - D. Zari
- Direzione Tecnica dell'Opera della Primaziale Pisana; Pisa Italy
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20
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Sotiropoulou S, Sciutto G, Tenorio AL, Mazurek J, Bonaduce I, Prati S, Mazzeo R, Schilling M, Colombini MP. Advanced analytical investigation on degradation markers in wall paintings. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Xia YG, Sun HM, Wang TL, Liang J, Yang BY, Kuang HX. A Modified GC-MS Analytical Procedure for Separation and Detection of Multiple Classes of Carbohydrates. Molecules 2018; 23:E1284. [PMID: 29861482 PMCID: PMC6099794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified GC-MS analytical procedure based on trimethylsilyl-dithioacetal (TMSD) derivatization has been established for a simultaneous determination of thirteen carbohydrates. Different from previous approaches, the current GC-MS method was featured by a powerful practicability for simultaneous detection of aldoses, uronic acids, ketoses, and amino sugars; simplifying GC-MS chromatograms and producing a single peak for each derivatized sugar, as well as high resolution, sensitivity, and repeatability. An additional liquid-liquid extraction from derivatization mixtures was performed not only to increase the detection sensitivity of amino sugars but also to decrease the by-products of derivatization. Contrarily, three amino sugars were detected at a very low intensity or not detected at all. The effect of time on monosaccharide- mercaptalated reaction was systematically investigated. The effect of trimethylsilylation on the formation of TMSD was also optimized. The established GC-MS based on TMSD derivatization was suitable for complex carbohydrate analysis and has been successfully applied for the detection of free carbohydrates in water extracts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides roots and determination of monosaccharides in Glossy ganoderma polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hui-Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Tian-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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22
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Fico D, Margapoti E, Pennetta A, De Benedetto GE. An Enhanced GC/MS Procedure for the Identification of Proteins in Paint Microsamples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:6032084. [PMID: 29805835 PMCID: PMC5902064 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6032084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical characterization of materials used in works of art is extremely useful for gaining a better knowledge of the artistic heritage and to guarantee its preservation. A derivatization GC/MS procedure for the identification of proteins in a microsample from painted works of art has been optimized. The amino acid fraction is derivatized using anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent instead of pyridine (Py), commonly used to facilitate the reaction. Although pyridine is often considered a silylation catalyst, there are many instances in which silylation reactions actually are slower in pyridine than other solvents. In addition, pyridine also may have other undesirable effects such as the promotion of secondary products and other chromatographic anomalies. Using DMF, the formation of artifacts is limited and the derivatization yield of hydrophilic amino acids such as proline and hydroxyproline has improved, thus making the identification of organic paint media more straightforward. The method has been validated and successfully applied to identify the binder of the sample taken from the pictorial cycle of the 12th century monastery of Santa Maria delle Cerrate (Lecce, Italy), thus highlighting the use of eggs as a binding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Fico
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E. Margapoti
- IBAM-CNR, Sede di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Pennetta
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G. E. De Benedetto
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- IBAM-CNR, Sede di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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23
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Witkowski B, Duchnowicz A, Ganeczko M, Laudy A, Gierczak T, Biesaga M. Identification of proteins, drying oils, waxes and resins in the works of art micro-samples by chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:630-638. [PMID: 29150927 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simplified method for simultaneous identification of proteins, drying oils, waxes, and resins in the works-of-art samples was developed. Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry were used to identify natural materials most frequently encountered in historical paintings. Protein binders were extracted with ammonia and purified using miniaturized solid-phase microextraction (Omix tips) to efficiently suppress matrix interferences. Zwitterionic stationary phase was used for separation of 16 underivatized amino acids analysis with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography that was subsequently quantified with liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to analyze drying oils, waxes, and resins after one-step saponification/transmethylation with (m-trifluoromethylphenyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide (Meth-Prep II). While the drawback of this reagent is low reactivity towards hydroxyl groups, sample pretreatment was much simpler as compared to the other methods. Fatty acids derivatization with the Meth-Prep II reagent was compared with their silylation using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide/trimethylchlorosilane mixture. It was concluded that fatty acids analysis as their methyl esters instead of trimethylsilyl esters had a minor impact on the method sensitivity. The developed method was used to analyze samples from 16th and 17th century historical paintings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Duchnowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry,al. Żwirki i Wigury, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ganeczko
- Faculty of Chemistry,al. Żwirki i Wigury, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Laudy
- Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanów, al., Stanisława Kostki Potockiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gierczak
- Faculty of Chemistry,al. Żwirki i Wigury, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Biesaga
- Faculty of Chemistry,al. Żwirki i Wigury, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Comparison of analytical tools appropriate for identification of proteinaceous additives in historical mortars. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:189-200. [PMID: 29143879 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural organic additives such as eggs, lard, resins, and oils have been added to mortars since ancient times, because the ancient builders knew of their positive effect on the mortar quality. The tradition of adding organic materials to mortars was commonly handed down only verbally for thousands years. However, this practice disappeared in the nineteenth century, when the usage of modern materials started. Today, one of the most recent topics in the industry of building materials is the reusing of natural organic materials and searching for the forgotten ancient recipes. The research of the old technological approaches involves currently the most advanced analytical techniques and methods. This paper is focussed on testing the possibility of identification of proteinaceous additives in historical mortars and model mortar samples containing blood, bone glue, curd, eggs and gelatine, by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All these methods were applied to the mortar sample taken from the interior of the medieval (sixteenth century) castle in Namest nad Oslavou in the Czech Republic and their comparison contributed to the rough estimation of the protein additive content in the mortar. The obtained results demonstrate that only LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS, MALDI-TOF MS and ELISA have the sufficiently low detection limits that enable the reliable identification of collagens in historical mortars. Graphical abstract Proteomics analyses of historical mortars.
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25
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Pauk V, Pluháček T, Havlíček V, Lemr K. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure for analysis of monosaccharides from plant gum binders. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Lluveras-Tenorio A, Vinciguerra R, Galano E, Blaensdorf C, Emmerling E, Perla Colombini M, Birolo L, Bonaduce I. GC/MS and proteomics to unravel the painting history of the lost Giant Buddhas of Bāmiyān (Afghanistan). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172990. [PMID: 28379960 PMCID: PMC5381772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A chemical investigation of the organic paint binders of the Giant Buddhas of Bāmiyān was performed using an analytical approach based on mass spectrometry, combining traditional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry protocols with advanced proteomics methodologies. The research was carried out on a selection of rescued fragments. The data revealed the use of egg proteins as the paint binders of the original layers, in accordance with the traditional use of this proteinaceous medium in antiquity, spanning from the Mediterranean basin to the Far East, and already in the Bronze Age. Egg tempera was thus known to artists of the region in the first centuries AD, probably also due to the position of the Bāmiyān valley, which was connected to the Silk Road. Milk was found in the first historical overpaintings. A new proteomics approach was used, which was able to identify the source of the milk proteins present in the restoration layers, despite their age and degradation. In particular cow’s and goat's milk were both found, in agreement with the documented presence of rich pastures in the Bāmiyān valley when the historical restorations were carried out. Investigating the materials of the Giant Buddhas not only enabled us to obtain isolated data on these invaluable works of art, which are now lost, but contributes to understanding the big “puzzle” of our past and the development of our culture, by implementing and supporting written sources, stylistic and anthropological studies with molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Vinciguerra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eugenio Galano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Catharina Blaensdorf
- Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lehrstuhl für Restaurierung, Kunsttechnologie und Konservierungswissenschaft, Muenchen, Deutschland
| | - Erwin Emmerling
- Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lehrstuhl für Restaurierung, Kunsttechnologie und Konservierungswissenschaft, Muenchen, Deutschland
| | - Maria Perla Colombini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council of Italy (ICVBC-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leila Birolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- Distretto ad Alta Tecnologia dei Beni Culturali (DATABENC Scarl), Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail: (IB); (LB)
| | - Ilaria Bonaduce
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (IB); (LB)
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27
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Lluveras-Tenorio A, Parlanti F, Degano I, Lorenzetti G, Demosthenous D, Colombini M, Rasmussen K. Spectroscopic and mass spectrometric approach to define the Cyprus Orthodox icon tradition - The first known occurrence of Indian lac in Greece/Europe. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Faraco M, Fico D, Pennetta A, De Benedetto GE. New evidences on efficacy of boronic acid-based derivatization method to identify sugars in plant material by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 159:40-46. [PMID: 27474277 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an analytical procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry which allows the determination of aldoses (glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, fucose, rhamnose) and chetoses (fructose) in plant material. One peak for each target carbohydrate was obtained by using an efficient derivatization employing methylboronic acid and acetic anhydride sequentially, whereas the baseline separation of the analytes was accomplished using an ionic liquid capillary column. First, the proposed method was optimized and validated. Successively, it was applied to identify the carbohydrates present in plant material. Finally, the procedure was successfully applied to samples from a XVII century painting, thus highlighting the occurrence of starch glue and fruit tree gum as polysaccharide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Faraco
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Daniela Fico
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Pennetta
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe E De Benedetto
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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29
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Cartechini L, Palmieri M, Vagnini M, Pitzurra L. Immunochemical Methods Applied to Art-Historical Materials: Identification and Localization of Proteins by ELISA and IFM. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:5. [PMID: 27572988 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large diffusion of natural organic substances in art-historical materials, their characterization presents many challenges due to the chemical complexity and instability with respect to degradation processes. Among natural products, proteins have been largely used in the past as binders but also as adhesives or additives in coating layers. Nevertheless, biological identification of proteins in art-historical objects is one of the most recent achievements obtained in heritage science thanks to the development of specifically tailored bio-analytical strategies. In the context of this active emerging discipline, immunological methods stand out for sensitivity, specificity and versatility for both protein recognition and localization in micro-samples. Furthermore, the growing use of immunological techniques for advanced diagnostics and clinical applications ensures continuous improvement in their analytical performance. Considering such, this review provides an overview of the most recent applications of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence microscopy techniques in the field of heritage materials. Specifically, the main strengths and potentials of the two techniques as well as their limits and drawbacks are presented and discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cartechini
- Isitituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, ISTM-CNR, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Melissa Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Manuela Vagnini
- Laboratorio di Diagnostica per i Beni Culturali di Spoleto, 06049, Spoleto, Italy
| | - Lucia Pitzurra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
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30
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Revealing the composition of organic materials in polychrome works of art: the role of mass spectrometry-based techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6957-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Doan CD, To CM, De Vrieze M, Lynen F, Danthine S, Brown A, Dewettinck K, Patel AR. Chemical profiling of the major components in natural waxes to elucidate their role in liquid oil structuring. Food Chem 2016; 214:717-725. [PMID: 27507530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the composition of waxes is of utmost importance to explain their behavior in liquid oil structuring. The chemical components (hydrocarbons - HCs, free fatty acids - FFAs, free fatty alcohols - FALs and wax esters - WEs) of natural waxes were analyzed using HPLC-ELSD and GC-MS followed by evaluation of their oil structuring properties. The gel strength, including the average storage modulus and oscillation yield stress, displayed a negative correlation with FALs and a positive correlation with HCs, FFAs and WEs. The components dictating the gel strength are HCs, FFAs and WEs in a descending order of importance. The consistency of the oleogels increased with the increasing amount of FFAs and HCs and the decreasing amount of WEs and FALs. The presence of more WEs results in a strong but brittle gel with a high initial flow yield stress. We believe these results might be useful in selecting the right waxes to combine in certain fat-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Diem Doan
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Food Technology, College of Agriculture and Applied Science, Cantho University, Viet Nam.
| | - Chak Ming To
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike De Vrieze
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, 281 Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, 281 Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Danthine
- Department of Food Technology, Gembloux Agricultural University, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Allison Brown
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ashok R Patel
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Amadori ML, Poldi G, Barcelli S, Baraldi P, Berzioli M, Casoli A, Marras S, Pojana G, Villa GCF. Lorenzo Lotto's painting materials: an integrated diagnostic approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 164:110-122. [PMID: 27089184 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive diagnostic investigation carried out on five paintings (three wood panels and two paintings on canvas) by Lorenzo Lotto, one of the most significant artists of the Italian Renaissance in the first half of 16th century. The paintings considered belong to 1508-1522 period, corresponding to the most significant years of Lotto's evolution. A wide array of non-invasive (reflectance spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence) and micro-invasive analytical techniques (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, micro-FTIR spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry) were applied in order to provide a large set of significant data, limiting as much as possible the sampling. This study has proved that Lotto's painting palette was typical of Venetian practice of that period, but some significant peculiarities emerged: the use of two kinds of red lakes, the addition of calcium carbonate and colourless powdered glass, the latter frequently found in pictorial and ground layers. Moreover, the integrated investigation showed that Lotto's technique was sometimes characterized by the use of coloured priming and multi-layer sequences with complex mixtures. Chromatographic analyses allowed to identify in all specimens: azelaic, palmitic and stearic acids, generally referring to the presence of drying oils. The extension of additional non-invasive examination to about 50 paintings by the same author, spanning from 1505 to around 1556, helped to verify the evolution in the use of some pigments, such as the yellow ones, where Pb-Sb yellow was used alongside Pb-Sn yellow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Amadori
- Department of Basic Sciences and Fundamentals, University of Urbino, p.za Rinascimento 6, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Poldi
- Visual Art Centre, University of Bergamo, via Pignolo 123, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Barcelli
- Department of Basic Sciences and Fundamentals, University of Urbino, p.za Rinascimento 6, Urbino, Italy
| | - Pietro Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, Modena, Italy
| | - Michela Berzioli
- Department of Chemistry, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Casoli
- Department of Chemistry, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Marras
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, Venice, Italy
| | - Giulio Pojana
- Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage, University of Venice, Dorsoduro 3484/D, Venice, Italy
| | - Giovanni C F Villa
- Visual Art Centre, University of Bergamo, via Pignolo 123, Bergamo, Italy
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Serefidou M, Bracci S, Tapete D, Andreotti A, Biondi L, Colombini MP, Giannini C, Parenti D. Microchemical and microscopic characterization of the pictorial quality of egg-tempera polyptych, late 14th century, Florence, Italy. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Biocca P, Santopadre P, Sidoti G, Sotgiu G, de Notaristefani F, Tortora L. ToF-SIMS study of gilding technique in the frescoVela della Castitàby Giotto's school. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Biocca
- Department of Physics and Mathematics Surface Analysis Laboratory; University Roma Tre; via della Vasca Navale 84 00146 Rome Italy
- Department of Engineering; University Roma Tre; via Vito Volterra 62 00146 Rome Italy
- INFN; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - P. Santopadre
- Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro; Via di San Michele 23 00153 Rome Italy
| | - G. Sidoti
- Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro; Via di San Michele 23 00153 Rome Italy
| | - G. Sotgiu
- Department of Engineering; University Roma Tre; via Vito Volterra 62 00146 Rome Italy
- INFN; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - F. de Notaristefani
- Department of Physics and Mathematics Surface Analysis Laboratory; University Roma Tre; via della Vasca Navale 84 00146 Rome Italy
- INFN; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - L. Tortora
- Department of Physics and Mathematics Surface Analysis Laboratory; University Roma Tre; via della Vasca Navale 84 00146 Rome Italy
- INFN; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
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Bonaduce I, Ribechini E, Modugno F, Colombini MP. Analytical Approaches Based on Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to Study Organic Materials in Artworks and Archaeological Objects. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:6. [PMID: 27572989 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), after appropriate wet chemical sample pre-treatments or pyrolysis, is one of the most commonly adopted analytical techniques in the study of organic materials from cultural heritage objects. Organic materials in archaeological contexts, in classical art objects, or in modern and contemporary works of art may be the same or belong to the same classes, but can also vary considerably, often presenting different ageing pathways and chemical environments. This paper provides an overview of the literature published in the last 10 years on the research based on the use of GC/MS for the analysis of organic materials in artworks and archaeological objects. The latest progresses in advancing analytical approaches, characterising materials and understanding their degradation, and developing methods for monitoring their stability are discussed. Case studies from the literature are presented to examine how the choice of the working conditions and the analytical approaches is driven by the analytical and technical question to be answered, as well as the nature of the object from which the samples are collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bonaduce
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Perla Colombini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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A portable device for on site detection of chicken ovalbumin in artworks by chemiluminescent immunochemical contact imaging. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dallongeville S, Garnier N, Rolando C, Tokarski C. Proteins in Art, Archaeology, and Paleontology: From Detection to Identification. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2-79. [PMID: 26709533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dallongeville
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- SARL Laboratoire Nicolas Garnier , 63270 Vic le Comte, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Soriano S, Villa P, Delagnes A, Degano I, Pollarolo L, Lucejko JJ, Henshilwood C, Wadley L. The Still Bay and Howiesons Poort at Sibudu and Blombos: Understanding Middle Stone Age Technologies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131127. [PMID: 26161665 PMCID: PMC4498762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of archaeological assemblages in the Middle Stone Age of South Africa in terms of diversity and temporal continuity has significant implications with respect to recent cultural evolutionary models which propose either gradual accumulation or discontinuous, episodic processes for the emergence and diffusion of cultural traits. We present the results of a systematic technological and typological analysis of the Still Bay assemblages from Sibudu and Blombos. A similar approach is used in the analysis of the Howiesons Poort (HP) assemblages from Sibudu seen in comparison with broadly contemporaneous assemblages from Rose Cottage and Klasies River Cave 1A. Using our own and published data from other sites we report on the diversity between stone artifact assemblages and discuss to what extent they can be grouped into homogeneous lithic sets. The gradual evolution of debitage techniques within the Howiesons Poort sequence with a progressive abandonment of the HP technological style argues against the saltational model for its disappearance while the technological differences between the Sibudu and Blombos Still Bay artifacts considerably weaken an interpretation of similarities between the assemblages and their grouping into the same cultural unit. Limited sampling of a fragmented record may explain why simple models of cultural evolution do not seem to apply to a complex reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Soriano
- ArScAn, AnTET, Université Paris Ouest, CNRS, 92023 Nanterre, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Paola Villa
- University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Colorado 80309–0265, United States of America
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- CNRS-PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Anne Delagnes
- CNRS-PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pollarolo
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l’Afrique, Anthropology Unit, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jeannette J. Lucejko
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Christopher Henshilwood
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Institute for Archaeology, History, Culture and Religious Studies, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lyn Wadley
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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Romero-Pastor J, Natalia Navas NN, Rodríguez-Simón L, Lario-Simón A, Kuckova S, Manzano E. Application of matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry to the study of the proteinaceous binders in paint: blue paint composition in the series "The Life of Virgin" by Alonso Cano (17th century) as a case study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:19-26. [PMID: 25906031 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable information regarding the techniques used by the painter and the most suitable procedures for conserving and restoring their works. Although the analysis of proteinaceous materials is nowadays a common task when dealing with works of art, the reliable detection and identification of protein traces is still complicated, particularly when very small samples can be taken that may contain a mixture of different organic materials (oils, waxes, resins, gums etc.). We therefore proposed a proteomic approach to investigate protein materials in paintings at trace levels in order to obtain a better understanding of the painter's technique. After trypsin digestion of the paint samples, mass spectra were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and they were compared with the Mascot database and with theoretical digested proteins. This study contributes to the knowledge about the technique used by Alonso Cano (Granada, Spain, 1601-1667), one of the most original and brilliant artists from the Spanish Golden Age (17th century), in the series called the Life of the Virgin (six paintings), part of the iconographic program about the life of the Virgin Mary, nowadays seen in the main chapel of Granada Cathedral. The objective of the present study was to test the use of proteinaceous material, mainly egg yolk, in the paint used by Cano, as suggested in previous research, although this would have been unusual at that time when most artists used oil paints. Based on the results of the analysis here presented, the use of protein in the binding media can most likely be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Romero-Pastor
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, University de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Natalia Navas Natalia Navas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Biomedical Research Institute ibis,Granada University de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Luís Rodríguez-Simón
- Department of Painting, University of Granada, Av. Andalucía s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Lario-Simón
- Proteomic Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Avda. Del Conocimiento, s/n.18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain..
| | - Stepanka Kuckova
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Education, Charles University, M.D. Rettigové 4, 116 39 Prague 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Eloísa Manzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Biomedical Research Institute ibis,Granada University de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Amadori M, Barcelli S, Poldi G, Ferrucci F, Andreotti A, Baraldi P, Colombini M. Invasive and non-invasive analyses for knowledge and conservation of Roman wall paintings of the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Tamburini D, Łucejko JJ, Modugno F, Colombini MP, Pallecchi P, Giachi G. Microscopic techniques (LM, SEM) and a multi-analytical approach (EDX, FTIR, GC/MS, Py-GC/MS) to characterise the decoration technique of the wooden ceiling of the House of the Telephus Relief in Herculaneum (Italy). Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Localization of proteins in paint cross-sections by scanning electrochemical microscopy as an alternative immunochemical detection technique. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 831:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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WU C, WANG LQ, YANG L, Ma ZZ. Application of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Organic Compounds in Cultural Relics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Reeves T, Popelka-Filcoff RS, Lenehan CE. Towards identification of traditional European and indigenous Australian paint binders using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 803:194-203. [PMID: 24216215 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a pyrolysis GC-MS method capable of analysing Indigenous Australian and European binders typically used in the manufacture of culturally important painted works. Eleven different traditional European binders and ten different Indigenous Australian binders were examined. The method allows discrimination between highly complex and impure lipid, resin, polysaccharide, wax, and protein-based binders. Each was found to have characteristic pyrolysis products that were unique to the binder material, demonstrating the potential for differentiation of these binders on Australian Aboriginal artworks towards identification and conservation of cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Reeves
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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46
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Microanalytical method for studying paintings by use of fluorescence spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Kuckova S, Sandu ICA, Crhova M, Hynek R, Fogas I, Muralha VS, Sandu AV. Complementary cross-section based protocol of investigation of polychrome samples of a 16th century Moravian Sculpture by optical, vibrational and mass spectrometric techniques. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Daher C, Bellot-Gurlet L, Le Hô AS, Paris C, Regert M. Advanced discriminating criteria for natural organic substances of cultural heritage interest: spectral decomposition and multivariate analyses of FT-Raman and FT-IR signatures. Talanta 2013; 115:540-7. [PMID: 24054630 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural organic substances are involved in many aspects of the cultural heritage field. Their presence in different forms (raw, heated, mixed), with various conservation states, constitutes a real challenge regarding their recognition and discrimination. Their characterization usually involves the use of separative techniques which imply destructive sampling and specific analytical preparations. Here we propose a non destructive approach using FT-Raman and infrared spectroscopies for the identification and differentiation of natural organic substances. Because of their related functional groups, they usually present similar vibrational signatures. Nevertheless the use of appropriate signal treatment and statistical analysis was successfully carried out to overcome this limitation, then proposing new objective discriminating methodology to identify these substances. Spectral decomposition calculations were performed on the CH stretching region of a large set of reference materials such as resins, oils, animal glues, and gums. Multivariate analyses (Principal Component Analyses) were then performed on the fitting parameters, and new discriminating criteria were established. A set of previously characterized archeological resins, with different surface aspects or alteration states, was analyzed using the same methodology. These testing samples validate the efficiency of our discriminating criteria established on the reference corpus. Moreover, we proved that some alteration or ageing of organic materials is not an issue to their recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Daher
- Laboratoire de Dynamique, Interactions et Réactivité (LADIR), UMR 7075 CNRS - UPMC (Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6), 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Identification of animal glue and hen-egg yolk in paintings by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6365-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Gambino M, Cappitelli F, Cattò C, Carpen A, Principi P, Ghezzi L, Bonaduce I, Galano E, Pucci P, Birolo L, Villa F, Forlani F. A simple and reliable methodology to detect egg white in art samples. J Biosci 2013; 38:397-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-013-9321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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