1
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de Haan N, Narimatsu Y, Koed Møller Aasted M, Larsen ISB, Marinova IN, Dabelsteen S, Vakhrushev SY, Wandall HH. In-Depth Profiling of O-Glycan Isomers in Human Cells Using C18 Nanoliquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Glycogenomics. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4343-4351. [PMID: 35245040 PMCID: PMC8928149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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O-Glycosylation is an omnipresent modification
of the human proteome affecting many cellular functions, including
protein cleavage, protein folding, and cellular signaling, interactions,
and trafficking. The functions are governed by differentially regulated O-glycan types and terminal structures. It is therefore
essential to develop analytical methods that facilitate the annotation
of O-glycans in biological material. While various
successful strategies for the in-depth profiling of released O-glycans have been reported, these methods are often limitedly
accessible to the nonspecialist or challenged by the high abundance
of O-glycan structural isomers. Here, we developed
a high-throughput sample preparation approach for the nonreductive
release and characterization of O-glycans from human
cell material. Reducing-end labeling allowed efficient isomer separation
and detection using C18 nanoliquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap
mass spectrometry. Using the method in combination with a library
of genetically glycoengineered cells displaying defined O-glycan types and structures, we were able to annotate individual O-glycan structural isomers from a complex mixture. Applying
the method in a model system of human keratinocytes, we found a wide
variety of O-glycan structures, including O-fucose, O-glucose, O-GlcNAc, and O-GalNAc glycosylation, with the latter
carrying both elongated core1 and core2 structures and varying numbers
of fucoses and sialic acids. The method, including the now well-characterized
standards, provides the opportunity to study glycomic changes in human
tissue and disease models using rather mainstream analytical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Ida S B Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Irina N Marinova
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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2
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Kim J, Yin D, Lee J, An HJ, Kim TY. Deuterium Oxide Labeling for Global Omics Relative Quantification (DOLGOReQ): Application to Glycomics. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14497-14505. [PMID: 34724788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new relative quantification strategy for glycomics, named deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling for global omics relative quantification (DOLGOReQ), has been developed based on the partial metabolic D2O labeling, which induces a subtle change in the isotopic distribution of glycan ions. The relative abundance of unlabeled to D-labeled glycans was extracted from the overlapped isotopic envelope obtained from a mixture containing equal amounts of unlabeled and D-labeled glycans. The glycan quantification accuracy of DOLGOReQ was examined with mixtures of unlabeled and D-labeled HeLa glycans combined in varying ratios according to the number of cells present in the samples. The relative quantification of the glycans mixed in an equimolar ratio revealed that 92.4 and 97.8% of the DOLGOReQ results were within a 1.5- and 2-fold range of the predicted mixing ratio, respectively. Furthermore, the dynamic quantification range of DOLGOReQ was investigated with unlabeled and D-labeled HeLa glycans mixed in different ratios from 20:1 to 1:20. A good correlation (Pearson's r > 0.90) between the expected and measured quantification ratios over 2 orders of magnitude was observed for 87% of the quantified glycans. DOLGOReQ was also applied in the measurement of quantitative HeLa cell glycan changes that occur under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Given that metabolic D2O labeling can incorporate D into all types of glycans, DOLGOReQ has the potential as a universal quantification platform for large-scale comparative glycomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Dongtan Yin
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical & Science Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jua Lee
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical & Science Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical & Science Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
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3
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Yun J, Jo JY, Tuomivaara ST, Lim JM. Isotope labeling strategies of glycans for mass spectrometry-based quantitative glycomics. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Huang J, Jiang B, Liu M, Yang P, Cao W. gQuant, an Automated Tool for Quantitative Glycomic Data Analysis. Front Chem 2021; 9:707738. [PMID: 34395380 PMCID: PMC8355585 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.707738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI-MS-based glycan isotope labeling methods have been effectively and widely used for quantitative glycomics. However, interpretation of the data produced by MALDI-MS is inaccurate and tedious because the bioinformatic tools are inadequate. In this work, we present gQuant, an automated tool for MALDI-MS-based glycan isotope labeling data processing. gQuant was designed with a set of dedicated algorithms to improve the efficiency, accuracy and convenience of quantitation data processing. When tested on the reference data set, gQuant showed a fast processing speed, as it was able to search the glycan data of model glycoproteins in a few minutes and reported more results than the manual analysis did. The reported quantitation ratios matched well with the experimental glycan mixture ratios ranging from 1:10 to 10:1. In addition, gQuant is fully open-source and is coded in Python, which is supported by most operating systems, and it has a user-friendly interface. gQuant can be easily adapted by users for specific experimental designs, such as specific glycan databases, different derivatization types and relative quantitation designs and can thus facilitate fast glycomic quantitation for clinical sample analysis using MALDI-MS-based stable isotope labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Huang
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyun Jiang
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqian Cao
- The Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Bryan L, Clynes M, Meleady P. The emerging role of cellular post-translational modifications in modulating growth and productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107757. [PMID: 33895332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are one of the most commonly used host cell lines used for the production human therapeutic proteins. Much research over the past two decades has focussed on improving the growth, titre and cell specific productivity of CHO cells and in turn lowering the costs associated with production of recombinant proteins. CHO cell engineering has become of particular interest in recent years following the publication of the CHO cell genome and the availability of data relating to the proteome, transcriptome and metabolome of CHO cells. However, data relating to the cellular post-translational modification (PTMs) which can affect the functionality of CHO cellular proteins has only begun to be presented in recent years. PTMs are important to many cellular processes and can further alter proteins by increasing the complexity of proteins and their interactions. In this review, we describe the research presented from CHO cells to date related on three of the most important PTMs; glycosylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bryan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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6
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Alteration of the goat milk glycoproteins N/O-glycome at different lactation stages. Food Chem 2020; 342:128221. [PMID: 33092920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Goat milk oligosaccharides represent an unexplored multi-functional ingredient for the dairy industry. Here, we qualitatively and quantitatively compared the N/O-glycome at different lactation stages via online hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Complex N-glycans and high mannose N-glycans constituted 82.1% and 17.9% of the glycan pool, respectively. N-glycans with isomers containing non-bisected antenna complex structures accounted for 30.8%. N-glycans modified with Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and fucosylated were 3.7%, 5.3% and 35.3%. The triantennary trifucosylated complex N-glycan (H5N5F3) was reported for the first time. A comparison between colostrum and mature milk revealed a 1.20-fold decrease in total N-glycans and 1.66-fold decrease in fucosylation with ongoing lactation, echoing the trend in human milk. Similarly, Neu5Ac- and Neu5Gc-modified sialylation decreased by 1.69 and 3.62 times, respectively. In the O-glycome, 46.2% of structures were O-linked core 1, 23.1% were O-linked core 2, 7.7% were O-linked core 3 and core 4. As lactation progressed, overall O-glycans content decreased by 1.26-fold. Unlike human milk, Neu5Ac- and Neu5Gc-modified sialylation increased by 4.4 and 2 times, respectively. These findings will facilitate research on the structure-function relationship of goat milk oligosaccharides and the development of formula food targeting different age groups.
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7
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Glycomics studies using sialic acid derivatization and mass spectrometry. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:229-242. [PMID: 37127981 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins can undergo glycosylation during and/or after translation to afford glycoconjugates, which are often secreted by a cell or populate cell surfaces. Changes in the glycan portion can have a strong influence on a glycoconjugate and are associated with a multitude of human pathologies. Of particular interest are sialylated glycoconjugates, which exist as constitutional isomers that differ in their linkages (α2,3, α2,6, α2,8 or α2,9) between sialic acids and their neighbouring monosaccharides. In general, mass spectrometry enables the rapid and sensitive characterization of glycosylation, but there are challenges specific to identifying and (relatively) quantifying sialic acid isomers. These challenges can be addressed using linkage-specific methodologies for sialic acid derivatization, after which mass spectrometry can enable product identification. This Review is concerned with the new and important derivatization approaches reported in the past decade, which have been implemented in various mass-spectrometry-glycomics workflows and have found clinical glycomics applications. The convenience and wide applicability of the approaches make them attractive for studies of sialylation in different types of glycoconjugate.
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8
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Zhu H, Aloor A, Ma C, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Protein Glycosylation. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2020-1346.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | | | | | - Peng George Wang
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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9
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Hanamatsu H, Nishikaze T, Tsumoto H, Ogawa K, Kobayashi T, Yokota I, Morikawa K, Suda G, Sho T, Nakai M, Miura N, Higashino K, Sekiya S, Iwamoto S, Miura Y, Furukawa JI, Tanaka K, Sakamoto N. Comparative Glycomic Analysis of Sialyl Linkage Isomers by Sialic Acid Linkage-Specific Alkylamidation in Combination with Stable Isotope Labeling of α2,3-Linked Sialic Acid Residues. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13343-13348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikaze
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yokota
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miura
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Sadanori Sekiya
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwamoto
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Furukawa
- Department of Advanced Clinical Glycobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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10
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Li Q, Xie Y, Wong M, Lebrilla CB. Characterization of Cell Glycocalyx with Mass Spectrometry Methods. Cells 2019; 8:E882. [PMID: 31412618 PMCID: PMC6721671 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane plays an important role in protecting the cell from its extracellular environment. As such, extensive work has been devoted to studying its structure and function. Crucial intercellular processes, such as signal transduction and immune protection, are mediated by cell surface glycosylation, which is comprised of large biomolecules, including glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. Because perturbations in glycosylation could result in dysfunction of cells and are related to diseases, the analysis of surface glycosylation is critical for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and can further lead to biomarker discovery. Different mass spectrometry-based techniques have been developed for glycan analysis, ranging from highly specific, targeted approaches to more comprehensive profiling studies. In this review, we summarized the work conducted for extensive analysis of cell membrane glycosylation, particularly those employing liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in combination with various sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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11
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Smith J, Mittermayr S, Váradi C, Bones J. Quantitative glycomics using liquid phase separations coupled to mass spectrometry. Analyst 2018; 142:700-720. [PMID: 28170017 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins by the attachment of glycans is governed by a variety of highly specific enzymes and is associated with fundamental impacts on the parent protein's physical, chemical and biological properties. The inherent connection between cellular physiology and specific glycosylation patterns has been shown to offer potential for diagnostic and prognostic monitoring of altered glycosylation in the disease state. Conversely, glycoprotein based biopharmaceuticals have emerged as dominant therapeutic strategies in the treatment of intricate diseases. Glycosylation present on these biopharmaceuticals represents a major critical quality attribute with impacts on both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The structural variety of glycans, based upon their non-template driven assembly, poses a significant analytical challenge for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Labile monosaccharide constituents, isomeric species and often low sample availability from biological sources necessitates meticulous sample handling, ultra-high-resolution analytical separation and sensitive detection techniques, respectively. In this article a critical review of analytical quantitation approaches using liquid phase separations coupled to mass spectrometry for released glycans of biopharmaceutical and biomedical significance is presented. Considerations associated with sample derivatisation strategies, ionisation, relative quantitation through isotopic as well as isobaric labelling, metabolic/enzymatic incorporation and targeted analysis are all thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Smith
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland. and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Stefan Mittermayr
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland.
| | - Csaba Váradi
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland.
| | - Jonathan Bones
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland. and School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1 W8, Ireland
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12
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Dong X, Huang Y, Cho BG, Zhong J, Gautam S, Peng W, Williamson SD, Banazadeh A, Torres-Ulloa KY, Mechref Y. Advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3063-3081. [PMID: 30199110 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diversification of the chemical properties and biological functions of proteins is attained through posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation. Glycans, which are covalently attached to proteins, play a vital role in cell activities. The microheterogeneity and complexity of glycan structures associated with proteins make comprehensive glycomic analysis challenging. However, recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS), separation techniques, and sample preparation methods have primarily facilitated structural elucidation and quantitation of glycans. This review focuses on describing recent advances in MS-based techniques used for glycomic analysis (2012-2018), including ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques coupled with MS. Progress in glycomics workflow involving glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation will also be highlighted here. Additionally, the recent development of quantitative glycomics through comparative and multiplex approaches will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Byeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jieqiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Seth D Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alireza Banazadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Katya Y Torres-Ulloa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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13
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Wei L, Cai Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Lu H. Duplex Stable Isotope Labeling (DuSIL) for Simultaneous Quantitation and Distinction of Sialylated and Neutral N-Glycans by MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10442-10449. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cai
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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14
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Ruhaak LR, Xu G, Li Q, Goonatilleke E, Lebrilla CB. Mass Spectrometry Approaches to Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7886-7930. [PMID: 29553244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses involve the characterization of oligosaccharides (glycans) conjugated to proteins. Glycans are produced through a complicated nontemplate driven process involving the competition of enzymes that extend the nascent chain. The large diversity of structures, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies of glycans all conspire to make the analysis arguably much more difficult than any other biopolymer. Furthermore, the large number of glycoforms associated with a specific protein site makes it more difficult to characterize than any post-translational modification. Nonetheless, there have been significant progress, and advanced separation and mass spectrometry methods have been at its center and the main reason for the progress. While glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses are still typically available only through highly specialized laboratories, new software and workflow is making it more accessible. This review focuses on the role of mass spectrometry and separation methods in advancing glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses. It describes the current state of the field and progress toward making it more available to the larger scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine , Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Foods for Health Institute , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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15
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Wang C, Wu Y, Zhang L, Liu BF, Lin Y, Liu X. Relative quantitation of neutral and sialylated N -glycans using stable isotopic labeled d0/d5-benzoyl chloride by MALDI-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1002:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Stable Isotope Quantitative N-Glycan Analysis by Liquid Separation Techniques and Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1606:353-366. [PMID: 28502012 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6990-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase separation analysis and subsequent quantitation remains a challenging task for protein-derived oligosaccharides due to their inherent structural complexity and diversity. Incomplete resolution or co-detection of multiple glycan species complicates peak area-based quantitation and associated statistical analysis when optical detection methods are used. The approach outlined herein describes the utilization of stable isotope variants of commonly used fluorescent tags that allow for mass-based glycan identification and relative quantitation following separation by liquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE). Comparability assessment of glycoprotein-derived oligosaccharides is performed by derivatization with commercially available isotope variants of 2-aminobenzoic acid or aniline and analysis by LC- and CE-mass spectrometry. Quantitative information is attained from the extracted ion chromatogram/electropherogram ratios generated from the light and heavy isotope clusters.
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17
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Shi Q, Hashimoto R, Otsubo T, Ikeda K, Todoroki K, Mizuno H, Jin D, Toyo’oka T, Jiang Z, Min JZ. A novel, simplified strategy of relative quantification N-glycan: Quantitative glycomics using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry through the stable isotopic labeling by transglycosylation reaction of mutant enzyme Endo-M-N175Q. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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O'Flaherty R, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Greville G, Rudd PM, Lauc G. The sweet spot for biologics: recent advances in characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:13-29. [PMID: 29130774 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1404907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycosylation is recognized as a Critical Quality Attribute for therapeutic glycoproteins such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins and therapeutic replacement enzymes. Hence, efficient and quantitative glycan analysis techniques have been increasingly important for their discovery, development and quality control. The aim of this review is to highlight relevant and recent advances in analytical technologies for characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Areas covered: The review gives an overview of the glycosylation trends of biotherapeutics approved in 2016 and 2017 by FDA. It describes current and novel analytical technologies for characterization of therapeutic glycoproteins and is explored in the context of released glycan, glycopeptide or intact glycoprotein analysis. Ultra performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis technologies are explored in this context. Expert commentary: There is a need for the biopharmaceutical industry to incorporate novel state of the art analytical technologies into existing and new therapeutic glycoprotein workflows for safer and more efficient biotherapeutics and for the improvement of future biotherapeutic design. Additionally, at present, there is no 'gold-standard' approach to address all the regulatory requirements and as such this will involve the use of orthogonal glycoanalytical technologies with a view to gain diagnostic information about the therapeutic glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O'Flaherty
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Gordon Greville
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gordan Lauc
- b Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory , 10000 , Zagreb , Croatia.,c Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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19
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Albrecht S, Mittermayr S, Smith J, Martín SM, Doherty M, Bones J. Twoplex 12/13 C 6 aniline stable isotope and linkage-specific sialic acid labeling 2D-LC-MS workflow for quantitative N-glycomics. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 27891772 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative glycomics represents an actively expanding research field ranging from the discovery of disease-associated glycan alterations to the quantitative characterization of N-glycans on therapeutic proteins. Commonly used analytical platforms for comparative relative quantitation of complex glycan samples include MALDI-TOF-MS or chromatographic glycan profiling with subsequent data alignment and statistical evaluation. Limitations of such approaches include run-to-run technical variation and the potential introduction of subjectivity during data processing. Here, we introduce an offline 2D LC-MSE workflow for the fractionation and relative quantitation of twoplex isotopically labeled N-linked oligosaccharides using neutral 12 C6 and 13 C6 aniline (Δmass = 6 Da). Additional linkage-specific derivatization of sialic acids using 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-trizain-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride offered simultaneous and advanced in-depth structural characterization. The potential of the method was demonstrated for the differential analysis of structurally defined N-glycans released from serum proteins of patients diagnosed with various stages of colorectal cancer. The described twoplex 12 C6 /13 C6 aniline 2D LC-MS platform is ideally suited for differential glycomic analysis of structurally complex N-glycan pools due to combination and analysis of samples in a single LC-MS injection and the associated minimization in technical variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albrecht
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Mittermayr
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josh Smith
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Millán Martín
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret Doherty
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Yang L, Peng Y, Jiao J, Tao T, Yao J, Zhang Y, Lu H. Metallic Element Chelated Tag Labeling (MeCTL) for Quantitation of N-Glycans in MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2017. [PMID: 28636329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation plays an important role in chief biological and pathological processes. Quantifying the N-glycan is important since glycan alterations are related to many diseases. In this study, we developed a novel N-glycan quantitation approach using metallic element chelated tag labeling (MeCTL) through reductive amination. The MeCTL strategy is of high labeling efficiency and accurate in quantitation with high reproducibility (CV < 17.03%) and good linearity (R2 > 0.99) within 2 orders of magnitude of dynamic range. Additionally, it provides significant cross-ring fragmentation to distinguish N-glycan isomers. Furthermore, multiplex quantitation by chelation with several different rare earth elements can be achieved. At last, this strategy has been successfully used for evaluation of N-glycan changes in human serum associated with CRC, indicating its potential in clinical applications including disease N-glycome profiling and relative quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ye Peng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jiao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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21
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Yang S, Zhang L, Thomas S, Hu Y, Li S, Cipollo J, Zhang H. Modification of Sialic Acids on Solid Phase: Accurate Characterization of Protein Sialylation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6330-6335. [PMID: 28505427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids play many important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including cancers, infection, and blood diseases. Sialic acids are fragile and prone to fragmentation under electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. It is crucial to modify sialic acids for qualitative and quantitative identification of their change in abundance in complex biological samples. Permethylation is a method of choice for sialic acid stabilization, but the harsh conditions during permethylation may lead to the decomposition of O-acetyl groups. Esterification or amidation in solution effectively protects sialic acids, yet it is not trivial to purify glycans from their reagents. Quantitative analysis of glycans can be achieved by labeling their reducing end using fluorescent tags. Loss of sialic acids during labeling is a major concern. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of sialic acids modification for the analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides and glycopeptides. Without modification, sialic acids are partially or completely lost during sample preparation, leading to the presence of false glycans or glycopeptides in the sample. The stabilized sialic acids not only result in accurate identification of sialylated glycans but also improve the characterization of intact glycopeptides. The modification of sialic acids on the solid support facilitates analysis of glycans and their intact glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Laboratory for Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Stefani Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Shuwei Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland College Park , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John Cipollo
- Laboratory for Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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22
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Qiao L, Zhong X, Belghith E, Deng Y, Lin TE, Tobolkina E, Liu B, Girault HH. Electrostatic Spray Ionization from 384-Well Microtiter Plates for Mass Spectrometry Analysis-Based Enzyme Assay and Drug Metabolism Screening. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5983-5990. [PMID: 28452215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have realized the direct ionization of samples from wells of microtiter plates under atmospheric conditions for mass spectrometry analysis without any liquid delivery system or any additional interface. The microtiter plate is a commercially available 384-well plate without any modification, working as a container and an emitter for electrostatic spray ionization of analytes. The approach provides high throughput for the large batches of reactions and both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of a single compound or mixture. The limits of detection in small drug molecules, peptides, and proteins are similar in comparison with standard direct infusion electrospray ionization. The analysis time per well is only seconds. These analytical merits benefit many microtiter plate-based studies, such as combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening in enzyme assay or drug metabolism. Herein, we illustrate the application in enzyme assay using tyrosine oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase in the presence or absence of inhibitors. The potential application in drug development is also demonstrated with cytochrome P450-catalyzed metabolic reactions of two drugs in microtiter plates followed with direct ESTASI-MS/MS-based characterization of the metabolism products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.,Chemistry Department, Fudan University , 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhong
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Emna Belghith
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Yan Deng
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tobolkina
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Baohong Liu
- Chemistry Department, Fudan University , 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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23
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Jiang K, Zhu H, Xiao C, Liu D, Edmunds G, Wen L, Ma C, Li J, Wang PG. Solid-phase reductive amination for glycomic analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Grünwald-Gruber C, Thader A, Maresch D, Dalik T, Altmann F. Determination of true ratios of different N-glycan structures in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2519-2530. [PMID: 28271226 PMCID: PMC5359385 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An ideal method for the analysis of N-glycans would both identify the isomeric structure and deliver a true picture of the relative, if not absolute, amounts of the various structures in one sample. Porous graphitic carbon chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection has emerged as a method with a particularly high potential of resolving isomeric oligosaccharides, but little attention has so far been paid to quantitation of the results obtained. In this work, we isolated a range of structures from Man5 to complex type N-glycans with zero to four sialic acids and blended them into an equimolar "glyco tune mix". When subjected to liquid chromatography-ESI-MS in positive and negative modes, the glyco tune mix clearly demonstrated the futility of quantitation of N-glycans of different overall composition, different number of sialic acids, and strongly differing size without compensation for their very different molar responses. Relative quantitation of human plasma N-glycans was performed with correction factors deduced from this external glyco tune mix. Addition of just one isotope-coded internal standard with enzymatically added 13C-galactose led to absolute quantification in the same experiment. Graphical Abstract Discrepancy between desirable (grey bars) and real (green bars) relative ion abundance of equimolar amounts of glycans in positive mode ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Thader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Dalik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Kim KJ, Kim YW, Park HG, Hwang CH, Park IY, Choi KY, Yang YH, Kim YH, Kim YG. A MALDI-MS-based quantitative glycoprofiling method on a 96-well plate platform. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Reversed-phase separation methods for glycan analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:359-378. [PMID: 27888305 PMCID: PMC5203856 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase chromatography is a method that is often used for glycan separation. For this, glycans are often derivatized with a hydrophobic tag to achieve retention on hydrophobic stationary phases. The separation and elution order of glycans in reversed-phase chromatography is highly dependent on the hydrophobicity of the tag and the contribution of the glycan itself to the retention. The contribution of the different monosaccharides to the retention strongly depends on the position and linkage, and isomer separation may be achieved. The influence of sialic acids and fucoses on the retention of glycans is still incompletely understood and deserves further study. Analysis of complex samples may come with incomplete separation of glycan species, thereby complicating reversed-phase chromatography with fluorescence or UV detection, whereas coupling with mass spectrometry detection allows the resolution of complex mixtures. Depending on the column properties, eluents, and run time, separation of isomeric and isobaric structures can be accomplished with reversed-phase chromatography. Alternatively, porous graphitized carbon chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography are also able to separate isomeric and isobaric structures, generally without the necessity of glycan labeling. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, porous graphitized carbon chromatography, and reversed-phase chromatography all serve different research purposes and thus can be used for different research questions. A great advantage of reversed-phase chromatography is its broad distribution as it is used in virtually every bioanalytical research laboratory, making it an attracting platform for glycan analysis. Glycan isomer separation by reversed phase liquid chromatography ![]()
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27
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Parr MK, Montacir O, Montacir H. Physicochemical characterization of biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:366-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Váradi C, Mittermayr S, Millán-Martín S, Bones J. Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8691-8700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Quantitative profiling of O-glycans by electrospray ionization- and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry after in-gel derivatization with isotope-coded 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:187-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Zhou S, Hu Y, Veillon L, Snovida SI, Rogers JC, Saba J, Mechref Y. Quantitative LC-MS/MS Glycomic Analysis of Biological Samples Using AminoxyTMT. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7515-22. [PMID: 27377957 PMCID: PMC5759044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays an important role in various biological processes, such as modification of protein function, regulation of protein-protein interactions, and control of turnover rates of proteins. Moreover, glycans have been considered as potential biomarkers for many mammalian diseases and development of aberrant glycosylation profiles is an important indicator of the pathology of a disease or cancer. Hence, quantitation is an important aspect of a comprehensive glycomics study. Although numerous MS-based quantitation strategies have been developed in the past several decades, some issues affecting sensitivity and accuracy of quantitation still exist, and the development of more effective quantitation strategies is still required. Aminoxy tandem mass tag (aminoxyTMT) reagents are recently commercialized isobaric tags which enable relative quantitation of up to six different glycan samples simultaneously. In this study, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions have been optimized to achieve reliable LC-MS/MS quantitative glycomic analysis using aminoxyTMT reagents. Samples were resuspended in 0.2 M sodium chloride solution to promote the formation of sodium adduct precursor ions, which leads to higher MS/MS reporter ion yields. This method was first evaluated with glycans from model glycoproteins and pooled human blood serum samples. The observed variation of reporter ion ratios was generally less than 10% relative to the theoretical ratio. Even for the highly complex minor N-glycans, the variation was still below 15%. This strategy was further applied to the glycomic profiling of N-glycans released from blood serum samples of patients with different esophageal diseases. Our results demonstrate the benefits of utilizing aminoxyTMT reagents for reliable quantitation of biological glycomic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | - Yunli Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | - Lucas Veillon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409
| | | | | | - Julian Saba
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, 95134
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409
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31
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Cao W, Zhang W, Huang J, Jiang B, Zhang L, Yang P. Glycan reducing end dual isotopic labeling (GREDIL) for mass spectrometry-based quantitative N-glycomics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:13603-6. [PMID: 26240031 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05365j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A general and effective enzymatic labeling method, termed glycan reducing end dual isotopic labeling (GREDIL), was developed for mass spectrometry-based quantitative N-glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Cao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
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32
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Zhou S, Tello N, Harvey A, Boyes B, Orlando R, Mechref Y. Reliable LC-MS quantitative glycomics using iGlycoMab stable isotope labeled glycans as internal standards. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1489-97. [PMID: 26913967 PMCID: PMC4964797 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycans have numerous functions in various biological processes and participate in the progress of diseases. Reliable quantitative glycomic profiling techniques could contribute to the understanding of the biological functions of glycans, and lead to the discovery of potential glycan biomarkers for diseases. Although LC-MS is a powerful analytical tool for quantitative glycomics, the variation of ionization efficiency and MS intensity bias are influencing quantitation reliability. Internal standards can be utilized for glycomic quantitation by MS-based methods to reduce variability. In this study, we used stable isotope labeled IgG2b monoclonal antibody, iGlycoMab, as an internal standard to reduce potential for errors and to reduce variabililty due to sample digestion, derivatization, and fluctuation of nanoESI efficiency in the LC-MS analysis of permethylated N-glycans released from model glycoproteins, human blood serum, and breast cancer cell line. We observed an unanticipated degradation of isotope labeled glycans, tracked a source of such degradation, and optimized a sample preparation protocol to minimize degradation of the internal standard glycans. All results indicated the effectiveness of using iGlycoMab to minimize errors originating from sample handling and instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Nadia Tello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | | | | | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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33
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Trbojević-Akmačić I, Vilaj M, Lauc G. High-throughput analysis of immunoglobulin G glycosylation. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:523-34. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1174584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Etxebarria J, Reichardt NC. Methods for the absolute quantification of N-glycan biomarkers. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1676-87. [PMID: 26953846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many treatment options especially for cancer show a low efficacy for the majority of patients demanding improved biomarker panels for patient stratification. Changes in glycosylation are a hallmark of many cancers and inflammatory diseases and show great potential as clinical disease markers. The large inter-subject variability in glycosylation due to hereditary and environmental factors can complicate rapid transfer of glycan markers into the clinical practice but also presents an opportunity for personalized medicine. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses opportunities of glycan biomarkers in personalized medicine and reviews the methodology for N-glycan analysis with a specific focus on methods for absolute quantification. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The entry into the clinical practice of glycan markers is delayed in large part due to a lack of adequate methodology for the precise and robust quantification of protein glycosylation. Only absolute glycan quantification can provide a complete picture of the disease related changes and will provide the method robustness required by clinical applications. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycan biomarkers have a huge potential as disease markers for personalized medicine. The use of stable isotope labeled glycans as internal standards and heavy-isotope labeling methods will provide the necessary method precision and robustness acceptable for clinical use. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalized medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Etxebarria
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
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Dotz V, Haselberg R, Shubhakar A, Kozak RP, Falck D, Rombouts Y, Reusch D, Somsen GW, Fernandes DL, Wuhrer M. Mass spectrometry for glycosylation analysis of biopharmaceuticals. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Orthogonal Technologies for NISTmAb N-Glycan Structure Elucidation and Quantitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1201.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
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37
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Sić S, Maier NM, Rizzi AM. Quantitative fingerprinting of O-linked glycans released from proteins using isotopic coded labeling with deuterated 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:93-100. [PMID: 26184710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of oligosaccharides attached to proteins as post-translational modification remains an important research field in the area of glycoproteomics as well as in biotechnology. The development of new tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans has gained high importance in recent years. This is particularly true with O-glycans for which quantitative data are still underrepresented in literature. This fact is probably due to the absence of an enzyme for general release of O-linked saccharides from glycoproteins and due to their low ionization yield in mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper, a method is established aimed at improved qualitative and quantitative analysis of mucin-type O-glycans. A chemical reaction combining release and derivatization of O-glycans in one step is combined here with mass spectrometric quantification. For the purpose of improved quantitative analysis, stable-isotope coded labeling by d0/d5 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolidone (PMP) was performed. The "heavy"-version of this label, penta-deutero (d5)-PMP, was synthesized for this purpose. Beneath improving the reproducibility of quantitation, PMP derivatization contributed to an enhancement of ionization yields in MS. By introducing an internal standard (e.g. GlcNAc3) the reproducibility for quantification can be improved. For higher abundant O-glycans a mean coefficient of variation (CV) less than 6% could be attained, for very low abundant CV values between 15 and 20%. For the determination of O-glycan profiles in mixtures, a HPLC separation was combined with a high resolution Qq-oaTOF instrument. RP-type stationary phases were successful in separating glycan species including some of isomeric ones. This separation step was particularly useful for removing of salts avoiding so the presence of various sodium clusters in the MS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Sić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert M Maier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas M Rizzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Zhong X, Chen Z, Snovida S, Liu Y, Rogers JC, Li L. Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Analysis of Glycans Labeled with Multiplex Carbonyl-Reactive Tandem Mass Tags. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6527-34. [PMID: 25981625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed carbonyl-reactive aminoxy tandem mass tag (aminoxyTMT) reagents enable multiplexed characterization and quantitative comparison of structurally complex glycans between different biological samples. Compared to some previously reported isotopic labeling strategies for glycans, the use of the aminoxyTMT method features a simple labeling procedure, excellent labeling efficiency, and reduced spectral complexity at the MS(1) level. Presence of the tertiary amine functionality in the reporter region of the aminoxyTMT labels leads to increased ionization efficiency of the labeled glycans thus improving electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) detection sensitivity. The use of the labeling reagent also makes electrophoretic separation of the labeled neutral and acidic glycans feasible. In this work, we characterized the ESI and collision induced dissociation (CID) behavior of the aminoxyTMT-labeled neutral and sialylated glycans. For the high-mannose N-glycans and small sialylated oligosaccharides, CID fragmentation of [M + Na + H](2+) provides the most informative MS(2) spectra for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. For complex N-glycans, MS(3) of the protonated Y1(H) ion can be used for relative quantification without interference from the HexNAc fragments. Online capillary electrophoresis (CE)-ESI-MS/MS analyses of multiplexed aminoxyTMT-labeled human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and different types of N-glycans released from glycoprotein standards were demonstrated. Improved resolution and quantification accuracy of the labeled HMO isomers was achieved by coupling CE with traveling wave ion mobility (TWIM)-CID-MS/MS. N-Glycans released from human serum protein digests were labeled with six-plex aminoxyTMT and subjected to CE-ESI-MS/pseudo-MS(3) analysis, which demonstrated the potential utility of this glycan relative quantification platform for more complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhong
- †School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sergei Snovida
- §Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois 61105, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- ∥School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - John C Rogers
- §Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein Research, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois 61105, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- †School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Culf AS, Čuperlović-Culf M, Ouellette RJ, Decken A. Metal-Free, Acid-Catalyzed ortho-Directed Synthesis of Anthranilic Acid Derivatives Using Carbodiimides. Org Lett 2015; 17:2744-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S. Culf
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | | | | | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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40
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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41
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Kim KJ, Kim YW, Kim YG, Park HM, Jin JM, Hwan Kim Y, Yang YH, Kyu Lee J, Chung J, Lee SG, Saghatelian A. Stable isotopic labeling-based quantitative targeted glycomics (i-QTaG). Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:840-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Woo Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Mi Jin
- Div. of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Bio-Analytical Science; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Div. of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Bio-Analytical Science; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Dept. of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Lee
- Dept. of Internal Medicine; Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Dongguk University; Goyang 401-773 Si Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Research Institute; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Gu Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Pusan National University; Pusan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundations Laboratories for Peptide Biology; Salk Institute; La Jolla CA 92037
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42
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Zhou S, Hu Y, DeSantos-Garcia JL, Mechref Y. Quantitation of permethylated N-glycans through multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:596-603. [PMID: 25698222 PMCID: PMC4514032 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The important biological roles of glycans and their implications in disease development and progression have created a demand for the development of sensitive quantitative glycomics methods. Quantitation of glycans existing at low abundance is still analytically challenging. In this study, an N-linked glycans quantitation method using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) on a triple quadrupole instrument was developed. Optimum normalized collision energy (CE) for both sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan was determined to be 30%, whereas it was found to be 35% for either fucosylated or sialylated N-glycans. The optimum CE for mannose and complex type N-glycan was determined to be 35%. Additionally, the use of three transitions was shown to facilitate reliable quantitation. A total of 88 N-glycan compositions in human blood serum were quantified using this MRM approach. Reliable detection and quantitation of these glycans was achieved when the equivalence of 0.005 μL of blood serum was analyzed. Accordingly, N-glycans down to the 100th of a μL level can be reliably quantified in pooled human blood serum, spanning a dynamic concentration range of three orders of magnitude. MRM was also effectively utilized to quantitatively compare the expression of N-glycans derived from brain-targeting breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231BR) and metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Thus, the described MRM method of permethylated N-glycan enables a rapid and reliable identification and quantitation of glycans derived from glycoproteins purified or present in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
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43
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Ahn YH, Kim JY, Yoo JS. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins combined with enrichment methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:148-65. [PMID: 24889823 PMCID: PMC4340049 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a core technology for high sensitive and high-throughput analysis of the enriched glycoproteome in aspects of quantitative assays as well as qualitative profiling of glycoproteins. Because it has been widely recognized that aberrant glycosylation in a glycoprotein may involve in progression of a certain disease, the development of efficient analysis tool for the aberrant glycoproteins is very important for deep understanding about pathological function of the glycoprotein and new biomarker development. This review first describes the protein glycosylation-targeting enrichment technologies mainly employing solid-phase extraction methods such as hydrizide-capturing, lectin-specific capturing, and affinity separation techniques based on porous graphitized carbon, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, or immobilized boronic acid. Second, MS-based quantitative analysis strategies coupled with the protein glycosylation-targeting enrichment technologies, by using a label-free MS, stable isotope-labeling, or targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS, are summarized with recent published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hee Ahn
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongwon-Gun, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongwon-Gun, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongwon-Gun, 363-883, Republic of Korea
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44
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Michael C, Rizzi AM. Quantitative isomer-specific N-glycan fingerprinting using isotope coded labeling and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with graphitic carbon stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:88-95. [PMID: 25638265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycan reductive isotope labeling (GRIL) using (12)C6-/(13)C6-aniline as labeling reagent is reported with the aim of quantitative N-glycan fingerprinting. Porous graphitized carbon (PGC) as stationary phase in capillary scale HPLC coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer was applied for the determination of labeled N-glycans released from glycoproteins. The main benefit of using stable isotope-coding in the context of comparative glycomics lies in the improved accuracy and precision of the quantitative analysis in combined samples and in the potential of correcting for structure-dependent incomplete enzymatic release of oligosaccharides when comparing identical target proteins. The method was validated with respect to mobile phase parameters, reproducibility, accuracy, linearity and limit of detection/quantification (LOD/LOQ) using test glycoproteins. It is shown that the developed method is capable of determining relative amounts of N-glycans (including isomers) comparing two samples in one single HPLC-MS run. The analytical potential and usefulness of GRIL in combination with PGC-ESI-TOF-MS is demonstrated comparing glycosylation in human monoclonal antibodies produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and hybridoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Michael
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas M Rizzi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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45
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Hu Y, Zhou S, Yu CY, Tang H, Mechref Y. Automated annotation and quantitation of glycans by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis using the MultiGlycan-ESI computational tool. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:135-42. [PMID: 25462374 PMCID: PMC4516131 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is currently considered to be a conventional glycomics analysis strategy due to the high sensitivity and ability to handle complex biological samples. Interpretation of LC/MS data is a major bottleneck in high-throughput glycomics LC/MS-based analysis. The complexity of LC/MS data associated with biological samples prompts the needs to develop computational tools capable of facilitating automated data annotation and quantitation. METHODS An LC/MS-based automated data annotation and quantitation software, MultiGlycan-ESI, was developed and utilized for glycan quantitation. Data generated by the software from LC/MS analysis of permethylated N-glycans derived from fetuin were initially validated by manual integration to assess the performance of the software. The performance of MultiGlycan-ESI was then assessed for the quantitation of permethylated fetuin N-glycans analyzed at different concentrations or spiked with permethylated N-glycans derived from human blood serum. RESULTS The relative abundance differences between data generated by the software and those generated by manual integration were less than 5%, indicating the reliability of MultiGlycan-ESI in quantitation of permethylated glycans analyzed by LC/MS. Automated quantitation resulted in a linear relationship for all six N-glycans derived from 50 ng to 400 ng fetuin with correlation coefficients (R(2) ) greater than 0.93. Spiking of permethylated fetuin N-glycans at different concentrations in permethylated N-glycan samples derived from a 0.02 μL of HBS also exhibited linear agreement with R(2) values greater than 0.9. CONCLUSIONS With a variety of options, including mass accuracy, merged adducts, and filtering criteria, MultiGlycan-ESI allows automated annotation and quantitation of LC/ESI-MS N-glycan data. The software allows the reliable quantitation of glycan LC/MS data. The software is reliable for automated glycan quantitation, thus facilitating rapid and reliable high-throughput glycomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Chuan-Yih Yu
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Haixu Tang
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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46
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Razinkov VI, Treuheit MJ, Becker GW. Accelerated formulation development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and mAb-based modalities: review of methods and tools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:468-83. [PMID: 25576149 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114565593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody-based modalities are in development today than ever before, and a faster and more accurate drug discovery process will ensure that the number of candidates coming to the biopharmaceutical pipeline will increase in the future. The process of drug product development and, specifically, formulation development is a critical bottleneck on the way from candidate selection to fully commercialized medicines. This article reviews the latest advances in methods of formulation screening, which allow not only the high-throughput selection of the most suitable formulation but also the prediction of stability properties under manufacturing and long-term storage conditions. We describe how the combination of automation technologies and high-throughput assays creates the opportunity to streamline the formulation development process starting from early preformulation screening through to commercial formulation development. The application of quality by design (QbD) concepts and modern statistical tools are also shown here to be very effective in accelerated formulation development of both typical antibodies and complex modalities derived from them.
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Millán Martín S, Delporte C, Farrell A, Navas Iglesias N, McLoughlin N, Bones J. Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation using stable isotope labelling and UPLC-fluorescence-MS. Analyst 2015; 140:1442-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02345e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A twoplex method using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope analogies of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) is described for LC-fluorescence-MS based quantitative and comparative analysis of N-glycans present on monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Millán Martín
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Amy Farrell
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Natalia Navas Iglesias
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Biomedical Research Institute
- University of Granada
- 18071 Granada
| | - Niaobh McLoughlin
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory
- NIBRT – The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training
- Dublin
- Ireland
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48
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Zhao MZ, Tie C, Zhang YW, Deng Y, Zhang FT, Zhou YL, Zhang XX. Deuterated hydrazino-s-triazine as highly-efficient labelling reagent for glycan relative quantification analysis using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative stable-isotope relative quantification strategy for N-glycans was achieved using self-designed non-reductive hydrazino-s-triazine deuterated derivative as labelling reagent combined with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Yan Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Fang-Ting Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Ying-Lin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Xin-Xiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
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49
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High-Throughput Analysis and Automation for Glycomics Studies. Chromatographia 2014; 78:321-333. [PMID: 25814696 PMCID: PMC4363487 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review covers advances in analytical technologies for high-throughput (HTP) glycomics. Our focus is on structural studies of glycoprotein glycosylation to support biopharmaceutical realization and the discovery of glycan biomarkers for human disease. For biopharmaceuticals, there is increasing use of glycomics in Quality by Design studies to help optimize glycan profiles of drugs with a view to improving their clinical performance. Glycomics is also used in comparability studies to ensure consistency of glycosylation both throughout product development and between biosimilars and innovator drugs. In clinical studies there is as well an expanding interest in the use of glycomics—for example in Genome Wide Association Studies—to follow changes in glycosylation patterns of biological tissues and fluids with the progress of certain diseases. These include cancers, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory conditions. Despite rising activity in this field, there are significant challenges in performing large scale glycomics studies. The requirement is accurate identification and quantitation of individual glycan structures. However, glycoconjugate samples are often very complex and heterogeneous and contain many diverse branched glycan structures. In this article we cover HTP sample preparation and derivatization methods, sample purification, robotization, optimized glycan profiling by UHPLC, MS and multiplexed CE, as well as hyphenated techniques and automated data analysis tools. Throughout, we summarize the advantages and challenges with each of these technologies. The issues considered include reliability of the methods for glycan identification and quantitation, sample throughput, labor intensity, and affordability for large sample numbers.
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Zhou H, Warren PG, Froehlich JW, Lee RS. Dual modifications strategy to quantify neutral and sialylated N-glycans simultaneously by MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6277-84. [PMID: 24766348 PMCID: PMC4082391 DOI: 10.1021/ac500298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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Differences
in ionization efficiency among neutral and sialylated
glycans prevent direct quantitative comparison by their respective
mass spectrometric signals. To overcome this challenge, we developed
an integrated chemical strategy, Dual Reactions for Analytical Glycomics
(DRAG), to quantitatively compare neutral and sialylated glycans simultaneously
by MALDI-MS. Initially, two glycan samples to be compared undergo
reductive amination with 2-aminobenzoic acid and 2-13[C6]-aminobenzoic acid, respectively. The different isotope-incorporated
glycans are then combined and subjected to the methylamidation of
the sialic acid residues in one mixture, homogenizing the ionization
responses for all neutral and sialylated glycans. By this approach,
the expression change of relevant glycans between two samples is proportional
to the ratios of doublet signals with a static 6 Da mass difference
in MALDI-MS and the change in relative abundance of any glycan within
samples can also be determined. The strategy was chemically validated
using well-characterized N-glycans from bovine fetuin and IgG from
human serum. By comparing the N-glycomes from a first morning (AM)
versus an afternoon (PM) urine sample obtained from a single donor,
we further demonstrated the ability of DRAG strategy to measure subtle
quantitative differences in numerous urinary N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology and The Proteomics Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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