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Sohrabi Y, Rahimian F, Yousefinejad S, Aliasghari F, Soleimani E. Microextraction techniques for occupational biological monitoring: Basic principles, current applications and future perspectives. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5883. [PMID: 38712625 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The application of green microextraction techniques (METs) is constantly being developed in different areas including pharmaceutical, forensic, food and environmental analysis. However, they are less used in biological monitoring of workers in occupational settings. Developing valid extraction methods and analytical techniques for the determination of occupational indicators plays a critical role in the management of workers' exposure to chemicals in workplaces. Microextraction techniques have become increasingly important because they are inexpensive, robust and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review and interpret the applications of METs and novel sorbents and liquids in biological monitoring. Future perspectives and occupational indicators that METs have not yet been developed for are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Sohrabi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimian
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Yousefinejad
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Aliasghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Soleimani
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H, Gionfriddo E. Evolution of Green Sample Preparation: Fostering a Sustainable Tomorrow in Analytical Sciences. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7840-7863. [PMID: 38687329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- H Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - E Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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Javadian S, Saraji M, Shahvar A. Combination of online hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction with smartphone-based sensing for in situ formaldehyde assay in fabric and wastewater samples. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:329. [PMID: 38743300 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A miniaturized analytical methodology was introduced based on the combination of a direct and online hollow fiber microextraction method with smartphone color detection. The method was used for the determination of formaldehyde (target analyte) in fabric and wastewater samples. In this regard, two reagents including ammonium acetate buffer and acetylacetone were added to the formaldehyde samples to create a colored compound. The colored compound was extracted from the sample by using the hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction method, the extracted phase was not taken out of the extraction box and was directly transferred into a specially designed detection cell, and a smartphone was applied for in-situ color sensing and data readout. This combination gathered the advantages of both state-of-the-art microextraction techniques and smartphone sensing. Formaldehyde, as a carcinogenic compound widely used in paint and clothing industries, was selected as a model test. Factors affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, including the type of organic solvents, reagent concentration, salt, pH, stirring speed, reaction temperature, and extraction time. The linear region of the method under optimal conditions was 40-1500 µg L-1 for wastewater samples and 0.3-11.2 mg kg-1 for fabrics. The limit of detection and limit of qualification were 13 and 40 µg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations for concentrations of 100 and 1000 µg L-1 were 6% and 4%, respectively. To evaluate the application of the method for real samples, types of fabric and two samples of oil refinery wastewater were selected. The relative recovery in real samples was 84-98%. The results of the analytical parameters of the method show that the developed method can be used as an efficient method to determine formaldehyde in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Javadian
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ali Shahvar
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Fabris AL, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Øiestad EL, Rossi GN, Hallak JEC, Dos Santos RG, Costa JL, Yonamine M. Solvent-free parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction for drugs of abuse in plasma samples using LC-MS/MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1301:342387. [PMID: 38553114 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) is a 96-well plate setup variant of liquid-phase microextraction. Basic or acidic analytes are extracted in neutral form from the sample, through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into aqueous acceptor. PALME is already considered a green extraction technique, but in the current conceptual work, we sought to make it even greener by replacing the use of organic solvents with essential oils (EO). PALME was combined with LC-MS/MS for analysis of plasma samples and multiple drugs of abuse with toxicological relevance (amphetamines, phenethylamines, synthetic cathinones, designer benzodiazepines, ayahuasca alkaloids, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ketamine). RESULTS Fourteen EO were compared to organic solvents frequently used in PALME. The EO termed smart & sassy yielded the best analyte recovery for all drugs studied and was thus selected as SLM. Then, factorial screening and Box-Behnken were employed to optimize the technique. The extraction time, concentration of base, sample volume, and percentage of trioctylamine significantly impacted analyte recovery. The optimum values were defined as 120 min, 10 mmol/L of NaOH, 150 μL, and 0%, respectively. Once optimized, validation parameters were 1-100 ng mL-1 as linear range, accuracy ±16.4%, precision >83%, 1 ng mL-1 as limit of quantitation, 0.1-0.75 ng mL-1 as limit of detection, matrix effect <20%, and recovery 20-106%. Additionally, EO purchased from different production batches were tested and achieved acceptable reproducibility. Data were in compliance with requirements set by internationally accepted validation guidelines and the applicability of the technique was proven using authentic samples. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, the use of an EO provided a solvent-free sample preparation technique suited to extract different classes of drugs of abuse from plasma samples, dismissing the use of hazardous organic solvents. The method also provided excellent sample clean-up, thus being a simple and efficient tool for toxicological applications that is in agreement with the principles of sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Fabris
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4459 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giordano Novak Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Cecílio Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Translational Medicine, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Costa
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Fathi AA, Farajzadeh MA, Shahedi A, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Houshyar J, Jouyban A. Development of a hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction method using tissue culture oil for the extraction of free metoprolol from plasma samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1237:124089. [PMID: 38547699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a method known as a hollow fiber-liquid-phase microextraction was employed to extract and concentrate free metoprolol from plasma samples. The extracted analyte was subsequently determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector. Several parameters, including hollow fiber length, sonication time, extraction temperature, and salt addition, were investigated and optimized to enhance extraction efficiency. After extracting the analyte under optimum conditions from plasma samples, the enrichment factor and extraction recovery were 50 and 86 %, respectively. Moreover, the method exhibited detection and quantification limits of 0.41 and 1.30 ng mL-1, respectively. The analysis of real samples demonstrated satisfactory relative recoveries in the range of 91-99 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Fathi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ali Shahedi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jalil Houshyar
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Grau J, Chabowska A, Werner J, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Fabjanowicz M, Jatkowska N, Chisvert A, Płotka-Wasylka J. Deep eutectic solvents with solid supports used in microextraction processes applied for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Talanta 2024; 268:125338. [PMID: 37931567 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The determination of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has become one of the biggest challenges in Analytical Chemistry. Due to the low concentration of these compounds in different kinds of samples, it becomes necessary to employ efficient sample preparation methods and sensitive measurement techniques to achieve low limits of detection. This issue becomes even more struggling when the principles of the Green Analytical Chemistry are added to the equation, since finding an efficient sample preparation method with low damaging properties for health and environment may become laborious. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been proposed as the most promising green kind of solvents, but also with excellent analytical properties due to the possibility of custom preparation with different components to modify their polarity, viscosity or aromaticity among others. However, conventional extraction techniques using DESs as extraction solvents may not be enough to overcome challenges in analysing trace levels of EDCs. In this sense, combination of DESs with solid supports could be seen as a potential solution to this issue allowing, in different ways, to determine lower concentrations of EDCs. In that aim, the main purpose of this review is the study of the different strategies with solid supports used along with DESs to perform the determination of EDCs, comparing their advantages and drawbacks against conventional DES-based extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Grau
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aneta Chabowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Werner
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fabjanowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Jatkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Research Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Xiong J, Tian L, Shen X, Huang C. Comparison of the applicability of electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction for extraction of non-polar basic drugs from different biological samples: Using clozapine as the model analyte. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300745. [PMID: 38356226 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and comparing the applicability of electromembrane extraction (EME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is crucial for selecting an appropriate microextraction approach. In this work, EME and LPME based on supported liquid membranes were compared using biological samples, including whole blood, urine, saliva, and liver tissue. After optimization, efficient EME and LPME of clozapine from four biological samples were achieved. EME provided higher recovery and faster mass transfer for blood and liver tissue than LPME. These advantages were attributed to the electric field disrupting clozapine binding to interfering substances. For urine and saliva, EME demonstrated similar recoveries while achieving faster mass transfer rates. Finally, efficient EME and LPME were validated and evaluated combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The coefficient of determination of all methods was greater than 0.999, and all methods showed acceptable reproducibility (≤14%), accuracy (90%-110%), and matrix effect (85%-112%). For liver and blood with high viscosity and complex matrices, EME-LC-MS/MS provided better sensitivity than LPME-LC-MS/MS. The above results indicated that both EME and LPME could be used to isolate non-polar basic drugs from different biological samples, although EME demonstrated higher recovery rates for liver tissue and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxin Tian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chormey DS, Zaman BT, Kustanto TB, Erarpat Bodur S, Bodur S, Er EÖ, Bakırdere S. Deep eutectic solvents for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Talanta 2024; 268:125340. [PMID: 37948953 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The harmful effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to humans and other organisms in the environment have been well established over the years, and more studies are ongoing to classify other chemicals that have the potential to alter or disrupt the regular function of the endocrine system. In addition to toxicological studies, analytical detection systems are progressively being improved to facilitate accurate determination of EDCs in biological, environmental and food samples. Recent microextraction methods have focused on the use of green chemicals that are safe for analytical applications, and present very low or no toxicity upon disposal. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as one of the viable alternatives to the conventional hazardous solvents, and their unique properties make them very useful in different applications. Notably, the use of renewable sources to prepare DESs leads to highly biodegradable products that mitigate negative ecological impacts. This review presents an overview of both organic and inorganic EDCs and their ramifications on human health. It also presents the fundamental principles of liquid phase and solid phase microextraction methods, and gives a comprehensive account of the use of DESs for the determination of EDCs in various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dotse Selali Chormey
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye; Neutec Pharmaceutical, Yıldız Technical University Teknopark, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Buse Tuğba Zaman
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Tülay Borahan Kustanto
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye; Neutec Pharmaceutical, Yıldız Technical University Teknopark, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sezin Erarpat Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye; İstinye University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 34010, İstanbul, Turkiye; İstinye University, Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, 34010, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Elif Özturk Er
- İstanbul Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34469, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, İstanbul, Turkiye; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, 06670, Çankaya, 06670, Ankara, Turkiye.
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9
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Schüller M, Lucic I, Øiestad ÅML, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Øiestad EL. High-throughput quantification of emerging "nitazene" benzimidazole opioid analogs by microextraction and UHPLC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:787-796. [PMID: 37700512 PMCID: PMC10714918 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole opioids, often referred to as nitazenes, represent a subgroup of new psychoactive substances with a recent increase in fatal overdoses in the USA and Europe. With a variety of analogs emerging on the illicit drug market, forensic laboratories are challenged to identify these potent drugs. We here present a simple quantitative approach for the determination of nine nitazene analogs, namely, clonitazene, etodesnitazene, etonitazene, etonitazepyne, flunitazene, isotonitazene, metodesnitazene, metonitazene and protonitazene in whole blood using liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction in a 96-well format and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Green and efficient sample preparation was accomplished by liquid-phase microextraction in a 96-well format and resulted in high extraction yields for all analytes (>81%). Here, blood diluted with buffer (1:1, %v) was extracted from a donor compartment across a thin organic liquid membrane and into an aqueous acceptor solution. The acceptor solution was collected and directly injected into the analysis platform. Chromatographic separation was accomplished with a biphenyl column, allowing for a baseline separation of the structural isomers isotonitazene and protonitazene before detection by multiple reaction monitoring. Validation was performed according to Scientific Working Group of Forensic Toxicology guidelines. The calibration range was from 0.5 to 50 nM (except for protonitazene and clonitazene from 0.1 nM) with good linearity and limits of detection down to 0.01 nM. An AGREEprep assessment was performed to evaluate sample preparation greenness, with a final score of 0.71. Nitazenes represent a current threat to public health, and analytical methods that cover a wide range of these analogs are limited. Here, the described method may assist in the detection of nitazenes in whole blood and prevent these substances from being missed in postmortem investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schüller
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Ivana Lucic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Åse Marit Leere Øiestad
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4459 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4459 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
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Kamal El-Deen A, Abdallah N, Elmansi H, Belal F, Magdy G. Applications of deep eutectic solvents in microextraction and chromatographic separation techniques: Latest developments, challenges, and prospects. Talanta 2023; 265:124813. [PMID: 37321162 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently sparked considerable attention in a variety of scientific and technological fields. The unique properties of DESs include biodegradability, easy preparation, low cost, and tuneability, rendering them a new and prospective alternative to hazardous solvents. Analytical chemistry is one of the most appealing fields where DESs proved to be applicable in either sample preparation or chromatographic separation. This review summarizes the new horizons dedicated to the application of DESs in microextraction and chromatographic separation. The utilization of DESs in microextraction, in chromatography as mobile phase additives, and in chromatographic material preparation processes is outlined. The enhancements in chromatographic performance achieved using DESs and any potential explanations deduced from the experimental findings were primarily discussed. An additional brief discussion on DESs preparation, characterization, and properties is addressed in this work. Finally, current challenges and future trends are also presented, supplying evidence for distinct possibilities regarding new research approaches involving DESs. This review can represent a guide and stimulate further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Kamal El-Deen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nora Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Galal Magdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33511, Egypt
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Schüller M, McQuade TAP, Bergh MSS, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Øiestad EL. Determination of tryptamine analogs in whole blood by 96-well electromembrane extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Sartore DM, Vargas Medina DA, Bocelli MD, Jordan-Sinisterra M, Santos-Neto ÁJ, Lanças FM. Modern automated microextraction procedures for bioanalytical, environmental, and food analyses. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300215. [PMID: 37232209 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation frequently is considered the most critical stage of the analytical workflow. It affects the analytical throughput and costs; moreover, it is the primary source of error and possible sample contamination. To increase efficiency, productivity, and reliability, while minimizing costs and environmental impacts, miniaturization and automation of sample preparation are necessary. Nowadays, several types of liquid-phase and solid-phase microextractions are available, as well as different automatization strategies. Thus, this review summarizes recent developments in automated microextractions coupled with liquid chromatography, from 2016 to 2022. Therefore, outstanding technologies and their main outcomes, as well as miniaturization and automation of sample preparation, are critically analyzed. Focus is given to main microextraction automation strategies, such as flow techniques, robotic systems, and column-switching approaches, reviewing their applications to the determination of small organic molecules in biological, environmental, and food/beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Sartore
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Deyber A Vargas Medina
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcio D Bocelli
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Jordan-Sinisterra
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Álvaro J Santos-Neto
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Lanças
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Development of polypropylene membranes grafted with nanocellulose to analyze organic pollutants in environmental waters using miniaturized passive samplers based on liquid-phase microextraction. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Armstrong DW, Wolosker H, Zheng Y. Detection and analysis of chiral molecules as disease biomarkers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:355-373. [PMID: 37117811 PMCID: PMC10175202 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The chirality of small metabolic molecules is important in controlling physiological processes and indicating the health status of humans. Abnormal enantiomeric ratios of chiral molecules in biofluids and tissues occur in many diseases, including cancers and kidney and brain diseases. Thus, chiral small molecules are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, adverse drug-effect monitoring, pharmacodynamic studies and personalized medicine. However, it remains difficult to achieve cost-effective and reliable analysis of small chiral molecules in clinical procedures, in part owing to their large variety and low concentration. In this Review, we describe current and emerging techniques that detect and quantify small-molecule enantiomers and their biological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoran Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zilong Wu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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15
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Darvishnejad F, Raoof JB, Ghani M, Ojani R. Keggin type phosphotungstic acid intercalated copper-chromium-layered double hydroxide reinforced porous hollow fiber as a sorbent for hollow fiber solid phase microextraction of selected chlorophenols besides their quantification via high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1697:463993. [PMID: 37084695 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a copper-chromium-layered double hydroxide (Cu/Cr-LDH) was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The Cu/Cr-LDH was intercalated to the Keggin-type polyoxometalate (H3PW12O40). The modified LDH accommodated in the pores of hollow fiber (HF), to prepare the extracting device for the HF-solid phase microextraction method (HF-SPME). The method was used for the extraction of 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6- trichlorophenol from tap water, river water, and tea sample. The extracted target analytes were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. The figures of merit of the method such as, linear dynamic ranges (LDRs), limit of detections (LODs) and, limit of quantifications (LOQs), were determined based on the obtained optimum condition. Based on the results, the LDR was between 1 and 500 μg L - 1 and r2 higher than 0.9960. The LODs and LOQs were obtained in the ranges of 0.28-0.36 µg L - 1 and 0.92-1.1 µg L - 1, respectively. The relative standard deviations ((RSDs% for inter-and intra-day) of the method for the extraction of target analytes were calculated in two different concentrations of (2 and 10 μg L - 1) and (5 and 10 μg L - 1) between 3.70% - 5.30% and 3.50% - 5.70%-respectively. The enrichment factors were obtained between 57 and 61. In order to investigate the accuracy of the method, also the relative recovery was obtained, between 93 and 105%. Finally, the proposed method was used for the extraction of the selected analytes in different water and tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Darvishnejad
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Jahan Bakhsh Raoof
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Milad Ghani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Reza Ojani
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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16
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Lorenzo-Parodi N, Kaziur-Cegla W, Gjelstad A, Schmidt TC. Liquid-phase microextraction of aromatic amines: hollow fiber-liquid-phase microextraction and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction comparison. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1765-1776. [PMID: 36820909 PMCID: PMC9992073 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines (AA) are carcinogenic compounds that can enter the human body through many sources, one of the most important being tobacco smoke. They are excreted with the urine, from which they can be extracted and measured. To that end, hollow fiber-liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) were optimized for the analysis of representative aromatic amines, as alternatives to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Relevant extraction parameters, namely organic solvent, extraction time, agitation speed, and acceptor solution pH, were studied, and the two optimized techniques-HF-LPME: dihexyl ether, 45 min, 250 rpm, and pH 1; PALME: undecane, 20 min, 250 rpm and pH 1-were compared. Comparison of the optimized methods showed that significantly higher recoveries could be obtained with PALME than with HF-LPME. Therefore, PALME was further validated. The results were successful for nine different AA, with regression coefficients (R2) of at least 0.991, limits of detection (LOD) of 45-75 ng/L, and repeatability and peak area relative standard deviations (RSD) below 20%. Furthermore, two urine samples from smokers were measured as proof of concept, and 2-methylaniline was successfully quantified in one of them. These results show that PALME is a great green alternative to LLE. Not only does it use much smaller volumes of toxic organic solvents, and sample-enabling the study of samples with limited available volumes-but it is also less time consuming and labor intensive, and it can be automated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Kaziur-Cegla
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid Gjelstad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany. .,Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany. .,IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, Simas RC, Chaves AR. ELECTROMEMBRANE EXTRACTION (EME): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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18
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Ocaña-González JA, Aranda-Merino N, Pérez-Bernal JL, Ramos-Payán M. Solid supports and supported liquid membranes for different liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction configurations. A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463825. [PMID: 36731330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane microextraction (EME) can be considered as two of the most popular techniques in sample treatment today. Both techniques can be configurated as membrane-assisted techniques to carry out the extraction. These supports provide the required geometry and stability on the contact surface between two phases (donor and acceptor) and improve the reproducibility of sample treatment techniques. These solid support pore space, once is filled with organic solvents, act as a selective barrier acting as a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The SLM nature is a fundamental parameter, and its selection is critical to carry out successful extractions. There are numerous SLMs that have been successfully employed in a wide variety of application fields. The latter is due to the specificity of the selected organic solvents, which allows the extraction of compounds of a very different nature. In the last decade, solid supports and SLM have evolved towards "green" and environmentally friendly materials and solvents. In this review, solid supports implemented in LPME and EME will be discussed and summarized, as well as their applications. Moreover, the advances and modifications of the solid supports and the SLMs to improve the extraction efficiencies, recoveries and enrichment factors are discussed. Hollow fiber and flat membranes, including microfluidic systems, will be considered depending on the technique, configuration, or device used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Ocaña-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Noemí Aranda-Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Bernal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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19
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Ryšavá L, Dorazilová J, Dvořák M, Sedláček P, Vojtová L, Kubáň P. Fully soluble polymeric foams for in-vial dried blood spot collection and analysis of acidic drugs by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1241:340793. [PMID: 36657868 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric foams tailor-made of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and carboxymethylcellulose/oxidized 6-carboxycellulose (CMC07/OC) composite were proposed as suitable sorbents for the collection and analysis of dried blood spots (DBSs). The PVP and CMC07/OC foams were easy to prepare, enabled collection of minute volumes of capillary blood, and blood drying at ambient temperature. The resulting foams were prepared as small porous discs with uniform dimensions (approx. 6 × 3 mm) and were fully soluble in aqueous solutions. The DBSs were formed in standard capillary electrophoresis (CE) vials fitted with the soluble foam discs and enabled the direct in-vial DBS processing and at-line analysis by CE. The DBSs were pretreated with a simple process, which involved a complete dissolution of the foam disc in an acidic solution and a simultaneous hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in one step. The complete solubility of the foam disc with the DBS served for a quantitative transfer of all blood components into the eluate and a nearly exhaustive HF-LPME of target analytes, whereas the blood matrix and the polymeric foam components were efficiently retained by the organic solvent impregnated in the walls of the HF. The suitability of the PVP and CMC07/OC foams for the collection and the direct analysis of DBSs was demonstrated by the HF-LPME/CE determination of model acidic drugs (warfarin, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac) at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Repeatability of the analytical method was better than 8.1% (RSD), extraction recoveries ranged from 70 to 99% (for PVP foam), calibration curves were linear over two orders of magnitude (R2 higher than 0.9991), and limits of detection were less than 44 μg/L (for concentrations in undiluted capillary blood). The soluble polymeric foams exhibited non-significant variations in analyte concentrations for DBSs prepared from blood samples with different hematocrit levels and for aged DBSs (less than 9.2%), moreover, they outperformed standard DBS sampling devices in terms of sample pretreatment time and extraction recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Ryšavá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dorazilová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Advanced Biomaterials, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedláček
- Institute of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucy Vojtová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Advanced Biomaterials, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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de Paula Meirelles G, Fabris AL, Ferreira Dos Santos K, Costa JL, Yonamine M. Green Analytical Toxicology for the Determination of Cocaine Metabolites. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 46:965-978. [PMID: 35022727 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil is the third largest contributor to Green Analytical Chemistry, and there is significant participation of toxicologists in the development and improvement of environmental techniques. Currently, toxicologists have their own strategies and guidelines to promote the reduction/replacement or elimination of solvents, reduce the impacts of derivatization and save time, among other objectives, due to the peculiarities of toxicological analysis. Thus, this review aims to propose the concept of Green Analytical Toxicology and conduct a discussion about its relevance and applications specifically in forensic toxicology, using the microextraction methods developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Paula Meirelles
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - André Luis Fabris
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Karina Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Costa
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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21
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Membrane-based inverted liquid–liquid extraction of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples: evaluation, merits, and demerits. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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Merib J. High-throughput platforms for microextraction techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-022-04504-7. [PMID: 36598538 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The proposal of high-throughput platforms in microextraction-based approaches is important to offer sustainable and efficient tools in analytical chemistry. Particularly, automated configurations exhibit enormous potential because they provide accurate and precise results in addition to less analyst intervention. Recently, significant achievements have been obtained in proposing affordable platforms for microextraction techniques capable of being integrated with different analytical instrumentations. Considering the evolution of these approaches, this article describes innovative high-throughput platforms that have recently been proposed for the analysis of varied matrices, with special attention to laboratory-made devices. Additionally, some challenges, opportunities, and trends regarding these experimental workflows are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias Merib
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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23
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Hammadi S, Millán-Santiago J, Latrous El Atarche L, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Octanol-supported wooden tips as sustainable devices in microextraction: a closer view of the influence of wood matrix. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Crucello J, de Oliveira AM, Sampaio NMFM, Hantao LW. Miniaturized systems for gas chromatography: Developments in sample preparation and instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Kannouma RE, Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Mansour FR. Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid extraction; the barriers and the enablers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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On-chip electromembrane extraction of some polar acidic drugs in plasma samples by the development of an active and efficient polymeric support of liquid membrane based on electrospinning process. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Ullah N, Tuzen M. A New Trend and Future Perspectives of the Miniaturization of Conventional Extraction Methods for Elemental Analysis in Different Real Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36197714 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2128635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is one of the viable procedures to be used before analysis to enhance sensitivity and reduce the matrix effect. The current review is mainly emphasized the latest outcome and applications of microextraction techniques based on the miniaturization of the classical conventional methods based on liquid-phase and solid-phase extraction for the quantitative elemental analysis in different real samples. The limitation of the conventional sample preparation methods (liquid and solid phase extraction) has been overcome by developing a new way of reducing size as compared with the conventional system through the miniaturization approach. Miniaturization of the sample preparation techniques has received extensive attention due to its extraction at microlevels, speedy, economical, eco-friendly, and high extraction capability. The growing demand for speedy, economically feasible, and environmentally sound analytical approaches is the main intention to upgrade the conventional procedures apply for sample preparation in environmental investigation. A growing trend of research has been perceived to quantify the trace for elemental analysis in different natures of real samples. This review also recapitulates the current futuristic scenarios for the green and economically viable procedure with special overemphasis and concentrates on eco-friendly miniaturized sample-preparation techniques such as liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This review also emphasizes the latest progress and applications of the LPME and SPME approach and their future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ullah
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Research Institute, Center for Environment and Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Jin M, Wang X, Russel M, Shan J. Towards the rapid detection of multiple antibiotics in eggs by Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with hollow fiber micro-extraction. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Hollow Fibre-Supported Liquid Membrane for the Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Egg Samples. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3918970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a three-phase hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane (HF-SLM) technique incorporated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) was developed for the extraction, clean-up, and determination of fifteen sulfonamide residues in chicken egg samples. The residues were extracted from the 5 mL sample solution of pH 2.5 into a thin layer of organic phase (1-octanol with 10% TOPO) immobilised in hollow fibre pores and then back-extracted into approximately 6 μL of aqueous phase (pH 13) located in the lumen of the hollow fibre. After extraction, 6 μL of the acceptor phase was injected into an HPLC instrument for subsequent analysis. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values ranged from 0.8–7.9 μg·kg−1 and from 2.4–21.0 μg·kg−1, respectively, linearity in the range of 5 1 000 μg·kg−1, and intra- and inter-day precision (%RSD) values at three concentration levels (50, 100, and 500 μg·L−1) ranged from 6.2–15.7%, 7.3–15.0%, and 7.3–14.6%; and 6.4–17.4%, 4.3–16.2%, and 8.3–16.5%, respectively, were obtained. The accuracy of the method, expressed as percentage recovery, was in the range of 71.0–98.7%, with corresponding %RSD (n = 6) values ranging from 1.9–9.9% being obtained. The developed method provided enrichment factors in the range of 17.1 to 541.4. The applicability of the proposed method was also evaluated by analysing egg samples, which were randomly collected from local supermarkets located in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The results obtained revealed that the developed method has the potential to be used as an alternative method for the determination of sulfonamide residues in egg and related complex samples.
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30
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Shang Q, Liu H, Mei H, Huang C, Shen X. Multi-extraction system with identical supported semi-liquid membrane: Enhanced stability for coextraction of acidic and basic drugs. Talanta 2022; 246:123485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Jalili V, Ghanbari Kakavandi M, Ghiasvand A, Barkhordari A. Microextraction techniques for sampling and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls: A comprehensive review. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Ezoddin M, Naraki K, Abdi K, Kakavandi NR, Ghazi-Khansari M, Javadi MS, Pirooznia N. Deep eutectic solvent as acceptor phase in three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction for determination of pyrethroid insecticides from environmental water samples prior to HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5461. [PMID: 35862241 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a deep eutectic solvent as acceptor phase was applied in three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (DES-HF-LPME) for the microextraction of two pyrethroids (Permethrin as well as deltamethrin) from environmental water samples prior to HPLC-UV. The deep eutectic solvent was synthesized of tetrabutylammonium bromide/decanoic acid (ratio of 1:2) as an acceptor phase, and 1-decanol was applied as a supported liquid membrane. Some main variables affecting the extraction recoveries, comprising the types/content of extraction solvent and acceptor phase, stirring speed, sample phase pH, and extraction time, were checked out and became optimal. In optimum circumstances, the detection limits and limits of quantitation determined were 0.09-0.12 μgL-1 and 0.29-0.39 μgL-1 for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively. The enrichment factors were 627 and 613, while the relative standard deviations (RSD%, n=5) were calculated to be 4.8% and 5.7%, for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively. The created technique was satisfyingly assessed to ascertain the two pyrethroid poisons (permethrin and deltamethrin) in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ezoddin
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Rahimi Kakavandi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Seyed Javadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Pirooznia
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Overview of Different Modes and Applications of Liquid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid phase-based microextraction techniques (LPµETs) have attracted great attention from the scientific community since their invention and implementation mainly due to their high efficiency, low solvent and sample amount, enhanced selectivity and precision, and good reproducibility for a wide range of analytes. This review explores the different possibilities and applications of LPμETs including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and single-drop microextraction (SDME), highlighting its two main approaches, direct immersion-SDME and headspace-SDME, hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in its two- and three-phase device modes using the donor–acceptor interactions, and electro membrane extraction (EME). Currently, these LPμETs are used in very different areas of interest, from the environment to food and beverages, pharmaceutical, clinical, and forensic analysis. Several important potential applications of each technique will be reported, highlighting its advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, the use of alternative and efficient “green” extraction solvents including nanostructured supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs)) will be discussed.
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Shang Q, Mei H, Huang C, Shen X. Fundamentals, operations and applications of electromembrane extraction: An overview of reviews. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Azooz EA, Al-Wani HSA, Gburi MS, Al-Muhanna EHB. Recent modified air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction applications for medicines and organic compounds in various samples: A review. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (AALLME) is a procedure for sample preparation that has high recoveries and high preconcentration factors while using a small amount of extractants. This procedure has gained widespread acceptance among scientists due to a variety of advantages, including its easiness, being cheap, green, and available in most laboratories. The current review has focused on the analysis of medicines and organic compounds using various modes of AALLME. The use of various extractants and support factors were developed in many modes of AALLME. A review of literature revealed that the procedure is used as a powerful and efficient approach for extracting medicals and organic compounds. This review explained 12 different types of AALLME methods. The findings on the modifications of AALLME modes that have been published are summarized. Future directions are also being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebaa Adnan Azooz
- Chemistry Department, The Gifted Students’ School in Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education , Al-Najaf , Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University , Najaf , Iraq
| | | | - Muna Shakir Gburi
- Chemistry Department, The Gifted Students’ School in Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education , Al-Najaf , Iraq
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Green Extraction Techniques as Advanced Sample Preparation Approaches in Biological, Food, and Environmental Matrices: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092953. [PMID: 35566315 PMCID: PMC9101692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Green extraction techniques (GreETs) emerged in the last decade as greener and sustainable alternatives to classical sample preparation procedures aiming to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of analytical methods, simultaneously reducing the deleterious side effects of classical extraction techniques (CETs) for both the operator and the environment. The implementation of improved processes that overcome the main constraints of classical methods in terms of efficiency and ability to minimize or eliminate the use and generation of harmful substances will promote more efficient use of energy and resources in close association with the principles supporting the concept of green chemistry. The current review aims to update the state of the art of some cutting-edge GreETs developed and implemented in recent years focusing on the improvement of the main analytical features, practical aspects, and relevant applications in the biological, food, and environmental fields. Approaches to improve and accelerate the extraction efficiency and to lower solvent consumption, including sorbent-based techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and fabric-phase sorbent extraction (FPSE), and solvent-based techniques (μQuEChERS; micro quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), in addition to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE), are highlighted.
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Gu YX, Yan TC, Yue ZX, Liu FM, Cao J, Ye LH. Recent developments and applications in the microextraction and separation technology of harmful substances in a complex matrix. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Andruch V, Varfalvyová A, Halko R, Jatkowska N, Płotka-Wasylka J. Application of deep eutectic solvents in bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Shi N, Bu X, Zhang M, Wang B, Xu X, Shi X, Hussain D, Xu X, Chen D. Current Sample Preparation Methodologies for Determination of Catecholamines and Their Metabolites. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092702. [PMID: 35566052 PMCID: PMC9099465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamines (CAs) and their metabolites play significant roles in many physiological processes. Changes in CAs concentration in vivo can serve as potential indicators for the diagnosis of several diseases such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Thus, the accurate quantification of CAs and their metabolites in biological samples is quite important and has attracted great research interest. However, due to their extremely low concentrations and numerous co-existing biological interferences, direct analysis of these endogenous compounds often suffers from severe difficulties. Employing suitable sample preparation techniques before instrument detection to enrich the target analytes and remove the interferences is a practicable and straightforward approach. To date, many sample preparation techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) have been utilized to extract CAs and their metabolites from various biological samples. More recently, several modern techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME), dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE), and chemical derivatizations have also been used with certain advanced features of automation and miniaturization. There are no review articles with the emphasis on sample preparations for the determination of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological samples. Thus, this review aims to summarize recent progress and advances from 2015 to 2021, with emphasis on the sample preparation techniques combined with separation-based detection methods such capillary electrophoresis (CE) or liquid chromatography (LC) with various detectors. The current review manuscript would be helpful for the researchers with their research interests in diagnostic analysis and biological systems to choose suitable sample pretreatment and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shi
- Physics Diagnostic Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
| | - Xinmiao Bu
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.B.); (M.Z.); (B.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Manyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.B.); (M.Z.); (B.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.B.); (M.Z.); (B.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xinli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.B.); (M.Z.); (B.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xuezhong Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (X.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.B.); (M.Z.); (B.W.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (X.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.B.); (M.Z.); (B.W.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (X.X.); (D.C.)
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Carasek E, Morés L, Huelsmann RD. Disposable pipette extraction: A critical review of concepts, applications, and directions. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Miková B, Dvořák M, Ryšavá L, Malá Z, Gebauer P, Kubáň P. At-line coupling of hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction to capillary electrophoresis for trace determination of acidic drugs in complex samples. Talanta 2022; 238:123068. [PMID: 34808568 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis of complex samples is demonstrated by the at-line coupling of hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) to capillary electrophoresis (CE). The hyphenation of the preparative and the analytical technique is achieved through a 3D-printed microextraction device with an HF located in a sample vial of a commercial CE instrument. The internal geometry of the device guides the CE separation capillary into the HF and the CE injection of the HF-LPME extract is performed directly from the HF lumen. The 3D-printing process ensures uniform dimensions of the devices, their constant position inside the sample vial, and excellent repeatability of the HF-LPME as well as the CE injection. The devices are cheap (∼0.01 €) and disposable, thus eliminating any possible sample-carryover, moreover, the at-line CE analysis of the extract is performed fully autonomously with no need for operator's intervention. The developed HF-LPME/CE-UV method is applied to the determination of acidic drugs in dried blood spot and wastewater samples and is characterized by excellent repeatability (RSD, 0.6-9.6%), linearity (r2, 0.9991-0.9999), enrichment (EF, 29-97), sensitivity (LOD, 0.2-3.4 μg/L), and sample throughput (7 samples/h). A further improvement of selected characteristics of the analytical method is achieved by the at-line coupling of HF-LPME to capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The HF-LPME/ITP-ESI-MS system facilitates enhanced selectivity, matrix-free analytical signals, and up to 34-fold better sensitivity due to the use of ESI-MS detection and additional on-capillary ITP preconcentration of the HF-LPME extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Miková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ryšavá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Successive liquid-phase microextraction of acidic and basic analytes. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339335. [PMID: 35057942 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Practical biological and environmental samples always contain both acidic and basic substances, and the samples are always precious. Thus, separation of analytes with different nature from the same sample was of great significance. Successive liquid phase microextraction (sLPME) of acidic and basic analytes under optimal extraction conditions was therefore proposed for the first time. The concept of sLPME was proved by using three acidic analytes (naproxen, flurbiprofen and diclofenac) and three basic analytes (haloperidol, fluoxetine and sertraline) as model analytes, and using polypropylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 4000 (PPG4000) as SLM. The recoveries of all target analytes by sLPME were similar to that by individual LPME due to good affinity of PPG4000 to both acidic and basic analytes. Under optimal extraction conditions, the recoveries for all analytes by sLPME from urine samples were in the range of 62%-95%. Moreover, combined with LC-MS/MS, such sLPME approach was also evaluated with urine samples. The matrix effect of sLPME-LC-MS/MS at different levels for all analytes ranged from -14.1%-13.2%. The linear ranges with R2 > 0.996 were 5-1000 ng mL-1 for basic analytes, and 20-1000 ng mL-1 for acidic analytes except diclofenac (1-1000 ng mL-1). The repeatability and accuracy at four levels were in the range of 3%-10% and 86%-120%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) were found to be 0.07-0.49 ng mL-1 and 0.25-1.63 ng mL-1, respectively. Finally, the strategy for constructing a sLPME system was further confirmed with urine, plasma and saliva using another two versatile SLM solvents possessing high affinity to both acidic and basic analytes. Successive LPME enabled separation of acidic and basic analytes from the same sample under optimum extraction conditions for all target analytes. Thus, we believe that the sLPME system will become a potent platform for forensic toxicology analysis, food science, environmental analysis and epidemiology study.
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Hoseininezhad-Namin MS, Rahimpour E, Ozkan SA, Jouyban A. An overview on nanostructure-modified supported liquid membranes for the electromembrane extraction method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:212-221. [PMID: 34988579 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01833g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) is an extraction method on the micro scale, in which charged compounds are extracted from a donor phase (sample solution) into an acceptor phase via a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing a water-immiscible organic solvent. To enhance the extraction efficiency and selectivity in this method, some studies have focused on the modification of the SLM, and thus many strategies have been reported for this purpose. One of these techniques is the introduction of nanomaterials in the SLM structure, which can enhance the extraction efficiency. In the current study, the different nanostructures used for SLM modification in the EME method are reviewed. Furthermore, the related analytical parameters of the developed techniques are classified and tabulated. It is hoped that this review will motivate further research in this field using other nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Saleh Hoseininezhad-Namin
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sibel Aysil Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO BOX: 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Deep eutectic solvents in liquid-phase microextraction: Contribution to green chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Application of Extraction and Determination Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents in Different Types of Environmental Samples. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Water sources are an indispensable resource for human survival. Monitoring the pollution status of the surrounding environment is necessary to protect water sources. Research on the environmental matrix of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has expanded rapidly because of their high extraction efficiency for various target analytes, controllable synthesis, and versatile structure. Following the synthesis of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs), their application in aqueous matrices broadened greatly. The present review conducted a survey on the pollutant extraction methods based DESs in environmental matrices from two aspects, application methods and matrix types; discussed the potential risk of DESs to the environment and future development trends; and provided some references for researchers to choose DES-based extraction methods for environmental research.
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Membrane-based liquid-phase microextraction of basic pharmaceuticals - A study on the optimal extraction window. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1664:462769. [PMID: 34998024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present paper defines the optimal extraction window (OEW) for three-phase membrane-based liquid-phase microextraction (MP-LPME) in terms of analyte polarity (log P), and anchors this to existing theories for equilibrium partitioning and kinetics. Using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as supported liquid membranes (SLM), we investigated how the OEW was affected by ionic-, hydrogen bond and π-π interactions between the SLM and analyte. Eleven basic model analytes in the range -0.4 < log P < 5.0 were extracted by MB-LPME in a 96-well format. Extraction was performed from 250 µL standard solution in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) into 50 µL of 10 mM HCl acceptor solution (pH 2.0) with mixtures of coumarin, camphor, DL-menthol, and thymol, with and without the ionic carrier di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP), as the SLM. The OEW with pure DES was in the range 2 < log P < 5, and low SLM aromaticity was favorable for the extraction of non-polar analytes. Here, extraction recoveries up to 98% were obtained. Upon addition of DEHP to the SLMs, the OEW shifted to the range -0.5 < log P < 2, and a combination of 5% DEHP and moderate aromaticity resulted in extraction recoveries up to 80% for the polar analytes. Extraction with ionic carrier was inefficient for the non-polar analytes, due to excessive trapping in the SLM. The results from our study show that LPME performs optimally in a relatively narrow log P-window of ≈ 2-3 units and that the OEW is primarily affected by ionic carrier and aromaticity.
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Chen L, Wang J, Xu T, Feng X, Huang C, Shen X. Recent sample pretreatment methods for determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114364. [PMID: 34543943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (FLU), sertraline (SER), paroxetine (PAR), fluvoxamine (FLV) and citalopram (CIT) have been the first treatment drugs for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Quantitative analysis of SSRIs in biological samples is extremely needed in public health and clinical practice. During the analysis, sample pretreatment is an important step that can obtain an accurate quantitative analysis of SSRIs in the complex samples. The present paper discussed the recent development of sample preparation methods for SSRI analysis. Traditional sample preparation techniques such as liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE), which have been widely used in the separation of SSRIs in biological samples, were extensively presented. Moreover, the new sample preparation techniques including liquid phase microextraction (LPME), solid phase microextraction (SPME), electromembrane extraction (EME) and other miniaturized extraction techniques, which are becoming highly popular in SSRI analysis, were also critically reviewed. In this review, both the advantages and disadvantages of these sample pretreatment methods were addressed. As a summary, we prospected the challenges and promising directions for the future of sample pretreatment methods in SSRI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tyllis Xu
- Shanghai American School, 258 Jinfeng Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201107, China; Wuhan Egaotech Company Lmt., 9F, Building 3, Science and Technolge new energy Base, East Lake High-Tech District, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xinrui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Sensitive determination of illicit drugs in wastewater using enrichment bag-based liquid-phase microextraction and liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462684. [PMID: 34875518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To concentrate trace level of analytes in complex wastewater, sample preparation is necessary prior to instrumental analysis. In this work, an enrichment bag-based liquid-phase microextraction (EB-LPME) system was therefore proposed for the first time to isolate and enrich the illicit drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ketamine, codeine and fentanyl) from wastewater. Under the optimum EB-LPME conditions, the recoveries of the model illicit drugs were 40-93% with enrichment factors up to 93. The optimized EB-LPME was compared to hollow fiber-LPME (HF-LPME) in terms of the thickness of the supported liquid membrane (SLM), the effective SLM area, extraction recovery and mass transfer flux. Compared with HF-LPME, EB-LPME possesses larger effective SLM area, and provided higher extraction recovery. In addition, EB-LPME provided larger mass transfer flux than HF-LPME, which was mainly due to the differences in SLM thickness. Therefore, SLM thickness was identified as the main mass transfer flux-determining factor experimentally. The matrix effect of EB-LPME was evaluated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and excellent sample clean-up was confirmed. Subsequently, EB-LPME-LC-MS/MS was validated with satisfactory results, and the detection of limit of the proposed method was in the range of 0.3-8.7 ng/L. Finally, with standard addition method, EB-LPME-LC-MS/MS was successfully applied for the determination of the model drugs in a local hospital wastewater from Wuhan, China. This study clearly showed that EB-LPME displayed great potential as an efficient sample preparation method for isolation and enrichment of the drugs/pollutants from complex environmental samples for wastewater-based epidemiology in the near future.
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