1
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Ju H, Cheng L, Li M, Mei K, He S, Jia C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Electrical Profiling of Peptides and Proteins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401877. [PMID: 38639403 PMCID: PMC11267281 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the application of single-molecule electrical analysis platforms in studying proteins and peptides. These advanced analysis methods have the potential for deep investigation of enzymatic working mechanisms and accurate monitoring of dynamic changes in protein configurations, which are often challenging to achieve in ensemble measurements. In this work, the prominent research progress in peptide and protein-related studies are surveyed using electronic devices with single-molecule/single-event sensitivity, including single-molecule junctions, single-molecule field-effect transistors, and nanopores. In particular, the successful commercial application of nanopores in DNA sequencing has made it one of the most promising techniques in protein sequencing at the single-molecule level. From single peptides to protein complexes, the correlation between their electrical characteristics, structures, and biological functions is gradually being established. This enables to distinguish different molecular configurations of these biomacromolecules through real-time electrical monitoring of their life activities, significantly improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying various life processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Suhang He
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
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2
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Shirinichi F, Ibrahim T, Rodriguez M, Sun H. Assembling the best of two worlds: Biomolecule‐polymer nanoparticles via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Shirinichi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Mia Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering University of New Haven West Haven Connecticut USA
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3
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Santi S, Biondi B, Cardena R, Bisello A, Schiesari R, Tomelleri S, Crisma M, Formaggio F. Helical versus Flat Bis-Ferrocenyl End-Capped Peptides: The Influence of the Molecular Skeleton on Redox Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:6128. [PMID: 36144860 PMCID: PMC9503075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that peptide conjugates with a pendant ferrocenyl (Fc) have been widely investigated, bis-ferrocenyl end-capped peptides are rarely synthetized. In this paper, in addition to the full characterization of the Fc-CO-[L-Dap(Boc)]n-NH-Fc series, we report a comparison of the three series of bis-ferrocenyl homopeptides synthesized to date, to gain insights into the influence of α-amino isobutyric (Aib), 2,3-diamino propionic (Dap) and Cα,β-didehydroalanine (ΔAla) amino acids on the peptide secondary structure and on the ferrocene redox properties. The results obtained by 2D NMR analysis and X-ray crystal structures, and further supported by electrochemical data, evidence different behaviors depending on the nature of the amino acid; that is, the formation of 310-helices or fully extended (2.05-helix) structures. In these foldamers, the orientation of the carbonyl groups in the peptide helix yields a macrodipole with the positive pole on the N-terminal amino acid and the negative pole on the C-terminal amino acid, so that oxidation of the Fc moieties takes place more or less easily depending on the orientation of the macrodipole moment as the peptide chain grows. Conversely, the fully extended conformation adopted by ΔAla flat peptides neither generates a macrodipole nor affects Fc oxidation. The utilization as electrochemical and optical (Circular Dichroism) probes of the two terminal Fc groups, bound to the same peptide chain, makes it possible to study the end-to-end effects of the positive charges produced by single and double oxidations, and to evidence the presence "exciton-coupled" CD among the two intramolecularly interacting Fc groups of the L-Dap(Boc) series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Tomelleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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4
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Kohn EM, Shirley DJ, Hinds NM, Fry HC, Caputo GA. Peptide‐assisted
supramolecular polymerization of the anionic porphyrin
meso‐tetra
(
4‐sulfonatophenyl
)porphine. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Kohn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
- Bantivoglio Honors College Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - David J. Shirley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Nicole M. Hinds
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - H. Christopher Fry
- Argonne National Laboratory Center for Nanoscale Materials Lemont Illinois USA
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
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5
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Gatto E, Toniolo C, Venanzi M. Peptide Self-Assembled Nanostructures: From Models to Therapeutic Peptides. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030466. [PMID: 35159810 PMCID: PMC8838750 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly is the most suitable approach to obtaining peptide-based materials on the nano- and mesoscopic scales. Applications span from peptide drugs for personalized therapy to light harvesting and electron conductive media for solar energy production and bioelectronics, respectively. In this study, we will discuss the self-assembly of selected model and bioactive peptides, in particular reviewing our recent work on the formation of peptide architectures of nano- and mesoscopic size in solution and on solid substrates. The hierarchical and cooperative characters of peptide self-assembly will be highlighted, focusing on the structural and dynamical properties of the peptide building blocks and on the nature of the intermolecular interactions driving the aggregation phenomena in a given environment. These results will pave the way for the understanding of the still-debated mechanism of action of an antimicrobial peptide (trichogin GA IV) and the pharmacokinetic properties of a peptide drug (semaglutide) currently in use for the therapy of type-II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gatto
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- PEPSA-LAB, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-4468
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6
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Pei LQ, Horsley JR, Seng JW, Liu X, Yeoh YQ, Yu MX, Wu XH, Abell AD, Zheng JF, Zhou XS, Yu J, Jin S. Mechanically Induced Switching between Two Discrete Conductance States: A Potential Single-Molecule Variable Resistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57646-57653. [PMID: 34797047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of solid-state single-molecule switches with high on-off conductance ratios has been proposed to advance conventional technology in areas such as molecular electronics. Herein, we employed the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) technique to modulate conductance in single-molecule junctions using mechanically induced stretching. Compound 1a possesses two dihydrobenzothiophene (DHBT) anchoring groups at the opposite ends linked with rigid alkyne side arms to form a gold-molecule-gold junction, while 1b contains 4-pyridine-anchoring groups. The incorporation of ferrocene into the backbone of each compound allows rotational freedom to the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings to give two distinct conductance states (high and low) for each. Various control experiments and suspended junction compression/retraction measurements indicate that these high- and low-conductance plateaus are the results of conformational changes within the junctions (extended and folded states) brought about by mechanically induced stretching. A high-low switching factor of 42 was achieved for 1a, whereas an exceptional conductance ratio in excess of 2 orders of magnitude (205) was observed for 1b. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest experimental on-off conductance switching ratio for a single-molecule junction exploiting the mechanically induced STM-BJ method. Computational studies indicated that the two disparate conductance states observed for 1a and 1b result from mechanically induced conformational changes due to an interplay between conductance and the dihedral angles associated with the electrode-molecule interfaces. Our study reveals the structure-function relationship that determines conductance in such flexible and dynamic systems and promotes the development of a single-molecule variable resistor with high on-off switching factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - John R Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jing-Wen Seng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yuan Qi Yeoh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ming-Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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7
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Velichko EN, Nepomnyashchaya EK, Baranov MA, Skvortsov AN, Pleshakov IV, Dong G. Aggregation Properties of Albumin in Interacting with Magnetic Fluids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10734. [PMID: 34639075 PMCID: PMC8509288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, interactions of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with serum albumin biomolecules in aqueous solutions were considered. The studies were conducted with the laser correlation spectroscopy and optical analysis of dehydrated films. It was shown that the addition of magnetite to an albumin solution at low concentrations of up to 10-6 g/L led to the formation of aggregates with sizes of up to 300 nm in the liquid phase and an increase in the number of spiral structures in the dehydrated films, which indicated an increase in their stability. With a further increase in the magnetite concentration in the solution (from 10-4 g/L), the magnetic particles stuck together and to albumin, thus forming aggregates with sizes larger than 1000 nm. At the same time, the formation of morphological structures in molecular films was disturbed, and a characteristic decrease in their stability occurred. Most stable films were formed at low concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (less than 10-4 g/L) when small albumin-magnetic nanoparticle aggregates were formed. These results are important for characterizing the interaction processes of biomolecules with magnetic nanoparticles and can be useful for predicting the stability of biomolecular films with the inclusion of magnetite particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N. Velichko
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elina K. Nepomnyashchaya
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maksim A. Baranov
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Skvortsov
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Ge Dong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Li X, Sun W, Qin X, Xie Y, Liu N, Luo X, Wang Y, Chen X. An interesting possibility of forming special hole stepping stones with high-stacking aromatic rings in proteins: three-π five-electron and four-π seven-electron resonance bindings. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26672-26682. [PMID: 35479969 PMCID: PMC9037495 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range hole transfer of proteins plays an important role in many biological processes of living organisms. Therefore, it is highly useful to examine the possible hole stepping stones, which can facilitate hole transfer in proteins. However, the structures of stepping stones are diverse because of the complexity of the protein structures. In the present work, we proposed a series of special stepping stones, which are instantaneously formed by three and four packing aromatic side chains of amino acids to capture a hole, corresponding to three-π five-electron (π:π∴π↔π∴π:π) and four-π seven-electron (π:π∴π:π↔π:π:π∴π) resonance bindings with appropriate binding energies. The aromatic amino acids include histidine (His), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp). The formations of these special stepping stones can effectively reduce the local ionization potential of the high π-stacking region to efficiently capture the migration hole. The quick formations and separations of them promote the efficient hole transfer in proteins. More interestingly, we revealed that a hole cannot delocalize over infinite aromatic rings along the high π-π packing structure at the same time and the micro-surroundings of proteins can modulate the formations of π:π∴π↔π∴π:π and π:π∴π:π↔π:π:π∴π bindings. These results may contribute a new avenue to better understand the potential hole transfer pathway in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Weichao Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Xin Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Nian Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
- National-Municipal Joint Engineering Laboratory for Chemical Process Intensification and Reaction, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
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9
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Santi S, Bisello A, Cardena R, Tomelleri S, Schiesari R, Biondi B, Crisma M, Formaggio F. Flat, C α,β -Didehydroalanine Foldamers with Ferrocene Pendants: Assessing the Role of α-Peptide Dipolar Moments. Chempluschem 2021; 86:723-730. [PMID: 33825347 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The foldamer field is continuously expanding as it allows to produce molecules endowed with 3D-structures and functions never observed in nature. We synthesized flat foldamers based on the natural, but non-coded, Cα,β -didehydroalanine α-amino acid, and covalently linked to them two ferrocene (Fc) moieties, as redox probes. These conjugates retain the flat and extended conformation of the 2.05 -helix, both in solution and in the crystal state (X-ray diffraction). Cyclic voltammetry measurements agree with the adoption of the 2.05 -helix, characterized by a negligible dipole moment. Thus, elongated α-peptide stretches of this type are insulators rather than charge conductors, the latter being constituted by peptide α-helices. Also, our homo-tetrapeptide has a N-to-C length of about 18.2 Å, almost double than that (9.7 Å) of an α-helical α-tetrapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Tomelleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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10
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Zhang L, Lu JR, Waigh TA. Electronics of peptide- and protein-based biomaterials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 287:102319. [PMID: 33248339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biologically inspired peptide- and protein-based materials are at the forefront of organic bioelectronics research due to their inherent conduction properties and excellent biocompatibility. Peptides have the advantages of structural simplicity and ease of synthesis providing credible prospects for mass production, whereas naturally expressed proteins offer inspiration with many examples of high performance evolutionary optimised bioelectronics properties. We review recent advances in the fundamental conduction mechanisms, experimental techniques and exemplar applications for the bioelectronics of self-assembling peptides and proteins. Diverse charge transfer processes, such as tunnelling, hopping and coupled transfer, are found in naturally occurring biological systems with peptides and proteins as the predominant building blocks to enable conduction in biology. Both theory and experiments allow detailed investigation of bioelectronic properties in order to design functionalized peptide- and protein-based biomaterials, e.g. to create biocompatible aqueous electrodes. We also highlight the design of bioelectronics devices based on peptides/proteins including field-effect transistors, piezoelectric energy harvesters and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J R Lu
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - T A Waigh
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Photon Science Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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11
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Chen X, Yeoh YQ, He Y, Zhou C, Horsley JR, Abell AD, Yu J, Guo X. Unravelling Structural Dynamics within a Photoswitchable Single Peptide: A Step Towards Multimodal Bioinspired Nanodevices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22554-22562. [PMID: 32851761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the protein structures have been elucidated under equilibrium conditions. The aim herein is to provide a better understanding of the dynamic behavior inherent to proteins by fabricating a label-free nanodevice comprising a single-peptide junction to measure real-time conductance, from which their structural dynamic behavior can be inferred. This device contains an azobenzene photoswitch for interconversion between a well-defined cis, and disordered trans isomer. Real-time conductance measurements revealed three distinct states for each isomer, with molecular dynamics simulations showing each state corresponds to a specific range of hydrogen bond lengths within the cis isomer, and specific dihedral angles in the trans isomer. These insights into the structural dynamic behavior of peptides may rationally extend to proteins. Also demonstrated is the capacity to modulate conductance which advances the design and development of bioinspired electronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiani Chen
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Qi Yeoh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yanbin He
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Pharmaceutical Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - John R Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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12
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Wörner S, Leier J, Michenfelder NC, Unterreiner A, Wagenknecht H. Directed Electron Transfer in Flavin Peptides with Oligoproline-Type Helical Conformation as Models for Flavin-Functional Proteins. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:1264-1269. [PMID: 33318882 PMCID: PMC7729625 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To mimic the charge separation in functional proteins we studied flavin-modified peptides as models. They were synthesized as oligoprolines that typically form a polyproline type-II helix, because this secondary structure supports the electron transfer properties. We placed the flavin as photoexcitable chromophore and electron acceptor at the N-terminus. Tryptophans were placed as electron donors to direct the electron transfer over 0-3 intervening prolines. Spectroscopic studies revealed competitive photophysical pathways. The reference peptide without tryptophan shows dominant non-specific ET dynamics, leading to an ion pair formation, whereas peptides with tryptophans have weak non-specific ET and intensified directed electron transfer. By different excitation wavelengths, we can conclude that the corresponding ion pair state of flavin within the peptide environment has to be energetically located between the S1 and S4 states, whereas the directed electron transfer to tryptophan occurs directly from the S1 state. These photochemical results have fundamental significance for proteins with flavin as redoxactive cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Wörner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Julia Leier
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Nadine C. Michenfelder
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Andreas‐Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Hans‐Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
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13
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Wang F, Li Y, Yu L, Zhu J, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Amphiphilic mPEG-Modified Oligo-Phenylalanine Nanoparticles Chemoenzymatically Synthesized via Papain. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30336-30347. [PMID: 33251469 PMCID: PMC7689955 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic mPEG-modified peptide nanoparticles were developed from oligo-phenylalanine (OPhe) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via papain. Tyndall effects indicate that OPhe NPs are amphiphobic. Addition of protein perturbants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and urea, in the dispersion solution of OPhe NPs can significantly reduce the R h,m value of NPs, from approximately 749.2 nm to about 200 nm. Therefore, the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding play major roles in maintaining the aggregation of OPhe NPs. Using the "grafting to" method, the methoxypolyethylene-modified OPhe NPs (mPEG-g-OPhe NPs) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectrum of OPhe NPs and mPEG-g-OPhe NPs demonstrate that the secondary structures of these NPs are mainly β-type. mPEG-g-OPhe NPs can self-aggregate into spherical micelles both in water and cyclohexane. Increasing the chain length of the mPEG moiety, the critical micellar concentrations of mPEG-g-OPhe NPs increased in water but decreased in cyclohexane. The light stability, thermal stability, hydrolysis stability, and encapsulation stability of curcumin were significantly promoted by encapsulation in the micelles formed by mPEG-g-OPhe NPs. The protective effects regularly varied with the variations in the mPEG chain length of mPEG-g-OPhe NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School
of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Youhua Li
- School
of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School
of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinwen Zhu
- School
of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology
and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology
and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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14
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Chen X, Yeoh YQ, He Y, Zhou C, Horsley JR, Abell AD, Yu J, Guo X. Unravelling Structural Dynamics within a Photoswitchable Single Peptide: A Step Towards Multimodal Bioinspired Nanodevices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiani Chen
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Qi Yeoh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Yanbin He
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
- Pharmaceutical Department Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - John R. Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) School of Physical Sciences The University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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15
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Wu XH, Chen F, Yan F, Pei LQ, Hou R, Horsley JR, Abell AD, Zhou XS, Yu J, Li DF, Jin S, Mao BW. Constructing Dual-Molecule Junctions to Probe Intermolecular Crosstalk. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30584-30590. [PMID: 32538608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling charge transport across multiple parallel molecules are fundamental to the creation of innovative functional electronic components, as future molecular devices will likely be multimolecular. The smallest possible molecular ensemble to address this challenge is a dual-molecule junction device, which has potential to unravel the effects of intermolecular crosstalk on electronic transport at the molecular level that cannot be elucidated using either conventional single-molecule or self-assembled monolayer (SAM) techniques. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) dual-molecule junction device, which utilizes noncovalent interactions and allows for direct comparison to the conventional STM single-molecule device. STM-break junction (BJ) measurements reveal a decrease in conductance of 10% per molecule from the dual-molecule to the single-molecule junction device. Quantum transport simulations indicate that this decrease is attributable to intermolecular crosstalk (i.e., intermolecular π-π interactions), with possible contributions from substrate-mediated coupling (i.e., molecule-electrode). This study provides the first experimental evidence to interpret intermolecular crosstalk in electronic transport at the STM-BJ level and translates the experimental observations into meaningful molecular information to enhance our fundamental knowledge of this subject matter. This approach is pertinent to the design and development of future multimolecular electronic components and also to other dual-molecular systems where such crosstalk is mediated by various noncovalent intermolecular interactions (e.g., electrostatic and hydrogen bonding).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - John R Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Dong-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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16
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Zuliani C, Formaggio F, Scipionato L, Toniolo C, Antonello S, Maran F. Insights into the Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer through Conformationally Constrained Peptides. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Zuliani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
- Ozo Innovations Ltd, Unit 29 Chancerygate Business Centre Langford Ln Kidlington OX5 1FQ UK
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laura Scipionato
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova 1, Via Marzolo 35131 Padova Italy
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17
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Yu J, Horsley JR, Abell AD. Unravelling electron transfer in peptide-cation complexes: a model for mimicking redox centres in proteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8409-8417. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We provide evidence that bound zinc promotes electron transfer in a peptide by changing the electronic properties of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
| | - John R. Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
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18
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Guo C, Yu J, Horsley JR, Sheves M, Cahen D, Abell AD. Backbone-Constrained Peptides: Temperature and Secondary Structure Affect Solid-State Electron Transport. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10951-10958. [PMID: 31777245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary sequence and secondary structure of a peptide are crucial to charge migration, not only in solution (electron transfer, ET), but also in the solid-state (electron transport, ETp). Hence, understanding the charge migration mechanisms is fundamental to the development of biomolecular devices and sensors. We report studies on four Aib-containing helical peptide analogues: two acyclic linear peptides with one and two electron-rich alkene-based side chains, respectively, and two peptides that are further rigidified into a macrocycle by a side bridge constraint, containing one or no alkene. ETp was investigated across Au/peptide/Au junctions, between 80 and 340 K in combination with the molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The results reveal that the helical structure of the peptide and electron-rich side chain both facilitate the ETp. As temperature increases, the loss of helical structure, change of monolayer tilt angle, and increase of thermally activated fluctuations affect the conductance of peptides. Specifically, room temperature conductance across the peptide monolayers correlates well with previously observed ET rate constants, where an interplay between backbone rigidity and electron-rich side chains was revealed. Our findings provide new means to manipulate electronic transport across solid-state peptide junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunlan Guo
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - John R Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
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19
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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