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Xiao C, Wang N, Zhao Y, Liu X, Li H, Huang A, Wang L, Lou X, Gao B, Shao N. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus via Fiber-Optic and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Based Aptasensors. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38785705 PMCID: PMC11117632 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of rapid detection tools for viruses is vital for the prevention of pandemics and biothreats. Aptamers that target inactivated viruses are attractive for sensors due to their improved biosafety. Here, we evaluated a DNA aptamer (named as 6.9) that specifically binds to the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus with a low dissociation constant (KD = 9.6 nM) for the first time. Based on aptamer 6.9, we developed a fiber-optic evanescent wave (FOEW) biosensor. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and the Cy5.5-tagged short complementary strand competitively bound with the aptamer immobilized on the surface of the sensor. The detection of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus was realized within six minutes with a limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 740 fg/mL. We also developed an electrochemical impedance aptasensor which exhibited an LOD of 5.1 fg/mL and high specificity. We further demonstrated that the LODs of the FOEW and electrochemical impedance aptasensors were, respectively, more than 1000 and 100,000 times lower than those of commercial colloidal gold test strips. We foresee that the facile aptamer isolation process and sensor design can be easily extended for the detection of other inactivated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China; (N.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Aixue Huang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Xinhui Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China; (N.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Bo Gao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Ningsheng Shao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (C.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (A.H.); (L.W.)
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Priyanka, Mohan B, Poonia E, Kumar S, Virender, Singh C, Xiong J, Liu X, Pombeiro AJL, Singh G. COVID-19 Virus Structural Details: Optical and Electrochemical Detection. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:479-500. [PMID: 37382834 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The increasing viral species have ruined people's health and the world's economy. Therefore, it is urgent to design bio-responsive materials to provide a vast platform for detecting a different family's passive or active virus. One can design a reactive functional unit for that moiety based on the particular bio-active moieties in viruses. Nanomaterials as optical and electrochemical biosensors have enabled better tools and devices to develop rapid virus detection. Various material science platforms are available for real-time monitoring and detecting COVID-19 and other viral loads. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of nanomaterials in developing the tools for optical and electrochemical sensing COVID-19. In addition, nanomaterials used to detect other human viruses have been studied, providing insights for developing COVID-19 sensing materials. The basic strategies for nanomaterials develop as virus sensors, fabrications, and detection performances are studied. Moreover, the new methods to enhance the virus sensing properties are discussed to provide a gateway for virus detection in variant forms. The study will provide systematic information and working of virus sensors. In addition, the deep discussion of structural properties and signal changes will offer a new gate for researchers to develop new virus sensors for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. RoviscoPais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ekta Poonia
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Virender
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Jichuan Xiong
- Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. RoviscoPais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Nazari-Vanani R, Negahdary M. Recent advances in electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors for the detection of pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117850. [PMID: 38081349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pathogenic microorganisms have caused significant mortality rates and antibiotic resistance and triggered exorbitant healthcare costs. These pathogens often have high transmission rates within human populations. Rapid diagnosis is crucial in controlling and reducing the spread of pathogenic infections. The diagnostic methods currently used against individuals infected with these pathogens include relying on outward symptoms, immunological-based and, some biomolecular ones, which mainly have limitations such as diagnostic errors, time-consuming processes, and high-cost platforms. Electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors have emerged as promising diagnostic tools for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective pathogen detection. These bio-electrochemical platforms have been optimized for diagnostic purposes by incorporating advanced materials (mainly nanomaterials), biomolecular technologies, and innovative designs. This review classifies electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors developed between 2021 and 2023 based on their use of different nanomaterials, such as gold-based, carbon-based, and others that employed other innovative assemblies without the use of nanomaterials. Inspecting the diagnostic features of various sensing platforms against pathogenic analytes can identify research gaps and open new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Nazari-Vanani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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4
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Ferreira LMC, Reis IF, Martins PR, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF, Camargo JR, Janegitz BC, Vicentini FC. Using low-cost disposable immunosensor based on flexible PET screen-printed electrode modified with carbon black and gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. TALANTA OPEN 2023; 7:100201. [PMID: 36959870 PMCID: PMC9998283 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To help meet the global demand for reliable and inexpensive COVID-19 testing and environmental analysis of SARS-CoV-2, the present work reports the development and application of a highly efficient disposable electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical and environmental matrices. The sensor developed is composed of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) array which was constructed using conductive carbon ink printed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate made from disposable soft drink bottles. The recognition site (Spike S1 Antibody (anti-SP Ab)) was covalently immobilized on the working electrode surface, which was effectively modified with carbon black (CB) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The immunosensing material was subjected to a multi-technique characterization analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental analysis via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical characterization of the electrode surface and analytical measurements were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The immunosensor was easily applied for the conduct of rapid diagnoses or accurate quantitative environmental analyses by setting the incubation period to 10 min or 120 min. Under optimized conditions, the biosensor presented limits of detection (LODs) of 101 fg mL-1 and 46.2 fg mL-1 for 10 min and 120 min incubation periods, respectively; in addition, the sensor was successfully applied for SARS-CoV-2 detection and quantification in clinical and environmental samples. Considering the costs of all the raw materials required for manufacturing 200 units of the AuNP-CB/PET-SPE immunosensor, the production cost per unit is 0.29 USD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M C Ferreira
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela F Reis
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Martins
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança, Goiania, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio F Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jessica R Camargo
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil
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5
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Yang LF, Ling M, Kacherovsky N, Pun SH. Aptamers 101: aptamer discovery and in vitro applications in biosensors and separations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4961-4978. [PMID: 37206388 PMCID: PMC10189874 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that bind and recognize targets much like antibodies. Recently, aptamers have garnered increased interest due to their unique properties, including inexpensive production, simple chemical modification, and long-term stability. At the same time, aptamers possess similar binding affinity and specificity as their protein counterpart. In this review, we discuss the aptamer discovery process as well as aptamer applications to biosensors and separations. In the discovery section, we describe the major steps of the library selection process for aptamers, called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). We highlight common approaches and emerging strategies in SELEX, from starting library selection to aptamer-target binding characterization. In the applications section, we first evaluate recently developed aptamer biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection, including electrochemical aptamer-based sensors and lateral flow assays. Then we discuss aptamer-based separations for partitioning different molecules or cell types, especially for purifying T cell subsets for therapeutic applications. Overall, aptamers are promising biomolecular tools and the aptamer field is primed for expansion in biosensing and cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy F Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Melissa Ling
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Nataly Kacherovsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
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6
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Laleh S, Ibarlucea B, Stadtmüller M, Cuniberti G, Medina-Sánchez M. Portable microfluidic impedance biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115362. [PMID: 37300901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics as the one we are currently facing, where fast-spreading viruses present a threat to humanity, call for simple and reliable methods to perform early diagnosis, enabling detection of very low pathogen loads even before symptoms start showing in the host. So far, standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most reliable method for doing so, but it is rather slow and needs specialized reagents and trained personnel to operate it. Additionally, it is expensive and not easily accessible. Therefore, developing miniaturized and portable sensors which perform early detection of pathogens with high reliability is necessary to not only prevent the spreading of the disease but also to monitor the effectiveness of the developed vaccines and the appearance of new pathogenic variants. Thus, in this work we develop a sensitive microfluidic impedance biosensor for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2, towards a mobile point-of-care (POC) platform. The operational parameters are optimized with the aid of design-of-experiment (DoE), for an accurate detection of the viral antigens using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We perform the biodetection of buffer samples spiked with fM concentration levels and validate the biosensor in a clinical context of relevance by analyzing 15 real patient samples up to a Ct value (cycle threshold) of 27. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of the developed platform using different settings, including a small portable potentiostat, using multiple channels for self-validation, as well as with single biosensors for a smartphone-based readout. This work contributes to the rapid and reliable diagnostics of COVID-19 and can be extended to other infectious diseases, allowing the monitoring of viral load in vaccinated and unvaccinated people to anticipate a potential relapse of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Laleh
- Micro- and NanoBiomedical Engineering Group (MNBE), Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany; Chair of Micro- and NanoSystems, Center for Molecular Bioengineering (B CUBE), Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Micro- and NanoBiomedical Engineering Group (MNBE), Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany; Chair of Micro- and NanoSystems, Center for Molecular Bioengineering (B CUBE), Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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7
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Karuppaiah G, Vashist A, Nair M, Veerapandian M, Manickam P. Emerging trends in point-of-care biosensing strategies for molecular architectures and antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS: X 2023; 13:100324. [PMID: 36844889 PMCID: PMC9941073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a viral pandemic then ravaged many countries worldwide. In the recent years, point-of-care (POC) biosensors combined with state-of-the-art bioreceptors, and transducing systems enabled the development of novel diagnostic tools for rapid and reliable detection of biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2. The present review thoroughly summarises and discusses various biosensing strategies developed for probing SARS-CoV-2 molecular architectures (viral genome, S Protein, M protein, E protein, N protein and non-structural proteins) and antibodies as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19. This review discusses the various structural components of SARS-CoV-2, their binding regions and the bioreceptors used for recognizing the structural components. The various types of clinical specimens investigated for rapid and POC detection of SARS-CoV-2 is also highlighted. The importance of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in improving the biosensor performance for real-time and reagent-free monitoring the biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 is also summarized. This review also encompasses existing practical challenges and prospects for developing new POC biosensors for clinical monitoring of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Vashist
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Murugan Veerapandian
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Li Y, Xue J, Yu R, Chen S, Deng X, Chen A, Qiu J. PdPtRu trimetallic nanozymes and application to electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive SARS-COV-2 antigen detection. Talanta 2023; 260:124604. [PMID: 37141825 PMCID: PMC10148716 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a ternary PdPtRu nanodendrite as novel trimetallic nanozyme was reported, which possessed excellent peroxidase-like activity as well as electro-catalytic activity on account of the synergistic effect between the three metals. Based on the excellent electro-catalytic activity of trimetallic PdPtRu nanozyme toward the reduction of H2O2, the trimetallic nanozyme was applied to construct a brief electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-COV-2 antigen detection. Concretely, trimetallic PdPtRu nanodendrite was used to modify electrode surface, which not only generated high reduction current of H2O2 for signal amplification, but also provided massive active sites for capture antibody (Ab1) immobilization to construct immunosensor. In the presence of target SARS-COV-2 antigen, SiO2 nanosphere labeled detection antibody (Ab2) composites were introduced on the electrode surface according sandwich immuno-reaction. Due to the inhibitory effect of SiO2 nanosphere on the current signal, the current signal was decreased with the increasing target SARS-COV-2 antigen concentration. As a result, the proposed electrochemical immunosensor presented sensitive detection of SARS-COV-2 antigen with linear range from 1.0 pg/mL to 1.0 μg/mL and limit of detection down to 51.74 fg/mL. The proposed immunosensor provide a brief but sensitive antigen detection tool for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Xue
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Health Management Department, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563006, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Siling Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Anyi Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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9
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Sen P, Zhang Z, Li P, Adhikari BR, Guo T, Gu J, MacIntosh AR, van der Kuur C, Li Y, Soleymani L. Integrating Water Purification with Electrochemical Aptamer Sensing for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1558-1567. [PMID: 36926840 PMCID: PMC10042147 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater analysis of pathogens, particularly SARS-CoV-2, is instrumental in tracking and monitoring infectious diseases in a population. This method can be used to generate early warnings regarding the onset of an infectious disease and predict the associated infection trends. Currently, wastewater analysis of SARS-CoV-2 is almost exclusively performed using polymerase chain reaction for the amplification-based detection of viral RNA at centralized laboratories. Despite the development of several biosensing technologies offering point-of-care solutions for analyzing SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples, these remain elusive for wastewater analysis due to the low levels of the virus and the interference caused by the wastewater matrix. Herein, we integrate an aptamer-based electrochemical chip with a filtration, purification, and extraction (FPE) system for developing an alternate in-field solution for wastewater analysis. The sensing chip employs a dimeric aptamer, which is universally applicable to the wild-type, alpha, delta, and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that the aptamer is stable in the wastewater matrix (diluted to 50%) and its binding affinity is not significantly impacted. The sensing chip demonstrates a limit of detection of 1000 copies/L (1 copy/mL), enabled by the amplification provided by the FPE system. This allows the integrated system to detect trace amounts of the virus in native wastewater and categorize the amount of contamination into trace (<10 copies/mL), medium (10-1000 copies/mL), or high (>1000 copies/mL) levels, providing a viable wastewater analysis solution for in-field use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sen
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Phoebe Li
- Department of Physics, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Bal Ram Adhikari
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Forsee Instruments, Ltd.,
Hamilton L8P0A1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | | | | | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease
Research, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease
Research, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
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10
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Zambry NS, Awang MS, Beh KK, Hamzah HH, Bustami Y, Obande GA, Khalid MF, Ozsoz M, Manaf AA, Aziah I. A label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor used a printed circuit board gold electrode (PCBGE) to detect SARS-CoV-2 without amplification. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1622-1636. [PMID: 36786757 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) motivates continuous efforts to develop robust and accurate diagnostic tests to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Detection of viral nucleic acids provides the highest sensitivity and selectivity for diagnosing early and asymptomatic infection because the human immune system may not be active at this stage. Therefore, this work aims to develop a label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection using a printed circuit board-based gold substrate (PCBGE). The developed sensor used the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) gene as a biomarker. The DNA sensor-based PCBGE was fabricated by self-assembling a thiolated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe onto an Au surface, which performed as the working electrode (WE). The Au surface was then treated with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) before detecting the target N gene to produce a well-oriented arrangement of the immobilized ssDNA chains. The successful fabrication of the biosensor was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The DNA biosensor performances were evaluated using a synthetic SARS-CoV-2 genome and 20 clinical RNA samples from healthy and infected individuals through EIS. The developed DNA biosensor can detect as low as 1 copy per μL of the N gene within 5 minutes with a LOD of 0.50 μM. Interestingly, the proposed DNA sensor could distinguish the expression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 without any amplification technique. We believe that the proposed DNA sensor platform is a promising point-of-care (POC) device for COVID-19 viral infection since it offers a rapid detection time with a simple design and workflow detection system, as well as an affordable diagnostic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Syafirah Zambry
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Syafiq Awang
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Level 1, Block C, No. 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Khi Khim Beh
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Level 1, Block C, No. 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Hairul Hisham Hamzah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Yazmin Bustami
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Godwin Attah Obande
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Fazli Khalid
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Level 1, Block C, No. 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Ismail Aziah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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11
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Williamson P, Piskunen P, Ijäs H, Butterworth A, Linko V, Corrigan DK. Signal Amplification in Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Using Target-Capturing DNA Origami Tiles. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1471-1480. [PMID: 36914224 PMCID: PMC10152479 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical DNA (e-DNA) biosensors are feasible tools for disease monitoring, with their ability to translate hybridization events between a desired nucleic acid target and a functionalized transducer, into recordable electrical signals. Such an approach provides a powerful method of sample analysis, with a strong potential to generate a rapid time to result in response to low analyte concentrations. Here, we report a strategy for the amplification of electrochemical signals associated with DNA hybridization, by harnessing the programmability of the DNA origami method to construct a sandwich assay to boost charge transfer resistance (RCT) associated with target detection. This allowed for an improvement in the sensor limit of detection by two orders of magnitude compared to a conventional label-free e-DNA biosensor design and linearity for target concentrations between 10 pM and 1 nM without the requirement for probe labeling or enzymatic support. Additionally, this sensor design proved capable of achieving a high degree of strand selectivity in a challenging DNA-rich environment. This approach serves as a practical method for addressing strict sensitivity requirements necessary for a low-cost point-of-care device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Petteri Piskunen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Heini Ijäs
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.,Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Butterworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.,LIBER Center of Excellence, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Damion K Corrigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, United Kingdom.,Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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12
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Negahdary M, Hirata MH, Sakata SK, Ciconelli RM, Bastos GM, Borges JB, Thurow HS, Junior ATS, Sampaio MF, Guimarães LB, Maeda BS, Angnes L. Sandwich-like electrochemical aptasensing of heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70): Application in diagnosis/prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1242:340716. [PMID: 36657883 PMCID: PMC9729787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this research, by using aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (aptamer-AuNPs) and a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Acropora-like gold (ALG) nanostructure, a sandwich-like system provided for sensitive detection of heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70), which applied as a functional biomarker in diagnosis/prognosis of COVID-19. Initially, the surface of the GCE was improved with rGO and ALG nanostructures, respectively. Then, an aptamer sequence as the first part of the bioreceptor was covalently bound on the surface of the GCE/rGO/ALG nanostructures. After adding the analyte, the second part of the bioreceptor (aptamer-AuNPs) was immobilized on the electrode surface to improve the diagnostic performance. The designed aptasensor detected HSP70 in a wide linear range, from 5 pg mL-1 to 75 ng mL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼2 pg mL-1. The aptasensor was stable for 3 weeks and applicable in detecting 40 real plasma samples of COVID-19 patients. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 85%, respectively, compared with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil,Corresponding author
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange Kazumi Sakata
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, National Commission of Nuclear Energy (IPEN/CNEN - SP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Medeiros Bastos
- Research and Education Division, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bassani Borges
- Research and Education Division, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Strelow Thurow
- Research and Education Division, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alceu Totti Silveira Junior
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferraz Sampaio
- Research and Education Division, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Sussumu Maeda
- Research and Education Division, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil,Corresponding author
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13
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Ong V, Soleimani A, Amirghasemi F, Khazaee Nejad S, Abdelmonem M, Razaviyayn M, Hosseinzadeh P, Comai L, Mousavi MPS. Impedimetric Sensing: An Emerging Tool for Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020204. [PMID: 36831970 PMCID: PMC9953732 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a pressing need for the development of sensitive and low-cost point-of-care sensors for disease diagnosis. The current standard of care for COVID-19 is quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This method is sensitive, but takes time, effort, and requires specialized equipment and reagents to be performed correctly. This make it unsuitable for widespread, rapid testing and causes poor individual and policy decision-making. Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are a widely used alternative that provide results quickly but have low sensitivity and are prone to false negatives, particularly in cases with lower viral burden. Electrochemical sensors have shown much promise in filling this technology gap, and impedance spectroscopy specifically has exciting potential in rapid screening of COVID-19. Due to the data-rich nature of impedance measurements performed at different frequencies, this method lends itself to machine-leaning (ML) algorithms for further data processing. This review summarizes the current state of impedance spectroscopy-based point-of-care sensors for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article also suggests future directions to address the technology's current limitations to move forward in this current pandemic and prepare for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ong
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Farbod Amirghasemi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sina Khazaee Nejad
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mona Abdelmonem
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Meisam Razaviyayn
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Knight Campus Center Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maral P. S. Mousavi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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14
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Li D, Sun C, Mei X, Yang L. Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116878. [PMID: 36506266 PMCID: PMC9728015 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of COVID-19, widely available tests are in great demand. Naked-eye SARS-CoV-2 test kits have recently been developed as home tests, but their sensitivity and accuracy are sometimes limited. Smartphones can convert various signals into digital information, potentially improving the sensitivity and accuracy of these home tests. Herein, we summarize smartphone-based detections for SARS-CoV-2. Optical detections of non-nucleic acids using various sensors and portable imaging systems, as well as nucleic acid analyses based on LAMP, CRISP, CATCH, and biosensors are discussed. Furthermore, different electrochemical detections were compared. We show results obtained using relatively complex equipment, complicated programming procedures, or custom smartphone apps, and describe methods for obtaining information with only simple setups and free software on smartphones. Then, the combined costs of typical smartphone-based detections are evaluated. Finally, the prospect of improving smartphone-based strategies to achieve broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detection is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cai Sun
- AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-Engine Co, Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Corresponding author
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Corresponding author
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15
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Testing of Diamond Electrodes as Biosensor for Antibody-Based Detection of Immunoglobulin Protein with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Mol Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/c8040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To control the increasing virus pandemics, virus detection methods are essential. Today’s standard virus detections methods are fast (immune assays) or precise (PCR). A method that is both fast and precise would enable more efficient mitigation measures and better life comfort. According to recent papers, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has proven to detect viruses fast and precise. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) was used as a high-performance electrode material in these works. The aim of this work was to perform an initial test of BDD-based EIS for biosensing. As an easily available standard biomaterial, human immunoglobulin G (IgG) was used as analyte. Niobium plates were coated via hot-filament activated chemical vapor deposition with polycrystalline diamond, and doped with boron for electrical conductivity. An anti-human IgG antibody was immobilised on the BDD electrodes as a biosensing component. Four different analyte concentrations up to 1.1 µg per litre were tested. During EIS measurements, both impedance over frequency curves and Nyquist plot demonstrated no clear sign of a change of the charge transfer resistance. Thus, no positive statement about a successful biosensing could be made so far. It is assumed that these issues need to be investigated and improved, including the relation of BDD electrode size to electrolyte volume, termination of the BDD electrodes (H, O) for a successful functionalisation and EIS frequency range. The work will be continued concerning these improvement issues in order to finally use virus materials as analyte.
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16
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Adeel M, Asif K, Alshabouna F, Canzonieri V, Rahman MM, Ansari SA, Güder F, Rizzolio F, Daniele S. Label-free electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on carbon cloth sputtered gold nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2022; 12:100256. [PMID: 36187906 PMCID: PMC9508700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or the (COVID-19) disease, has become a threat to worldwide biosecurity. Therefore, early diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial to combat the ongoing infection spread. In this study we propose a flexible aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for the rapid, label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP). A platform made of a porous and flexible carbon cloth, coated with gold nanoparticles, to increase the conductivity and electrochemical performance of the material, was assembled with a thiol functionalized DNA aptamer via S-Au bonds, for the selective recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 SP. The various steps for the sensor preparation were followed by using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed platform displayed good mechanical stability, revealing negligible changes on voltammetric responses to bending at various angles. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 SP was performed by DPV and chronopotentiometry (CP), exploiting the changes of the electrical signals due the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox probe, when SARS-CoV-2 SP binds to the aptamer immobilized on the electrode surface. Current density, in DPV, and square root of the transition time, in CP, varied linearly with the log[ SARS-CoV-2 SP], providing lower limits of detection (LOD) of 0.11 ng/mL and 37.8 ng/mL, respectively. The sensor displayed good selectivity, repeatability, and was tested in diluted human saliva, spiked with different SARS-CoV-2 SP concentrations, providing LODs of 0.167 ng/mL and 46.2 ng/mL for DPV and CP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123, Venezia, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kanwal Asif
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123, Venezia, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Fahad Alshabouna
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Sajid Ali Ansari
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P. O. Box 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123, Venezia, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123, Venezia, Italy
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17
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Ma X, Xu J, Zhou F, Ye J, Yang D, Wang H, Wang P, Li M. Recent advances in PCR-free nucleic acid detection for SARS-COV-2. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:999358. [PMID: 36277389 PMCID: PMC9585218 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.999358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), fast, accurate, and economic detection of viral infection has become crucial for stopping the spread. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of viral nucleic acids has been the gold standard method for SARS-COV-2 detection, which, however, generally requires sophisticated facilities and laboratory space, and is time consuming. This review presents recent advances in PCR-free nucleic acid detection methods for SARS-CoV-2, including emerging methods of isothermal amplification, nucleic acid enzymes, electrochemistry and CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hua Wang
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Pengfei Wang, ; Min Li,
| | - Pengfei Wang
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Pengfei Wang, ; Min Li,
| | - Min Li
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Pengfei Wang, ; Min Li,
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18
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Antiochia R. Electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection: Voltametric or impedimetric transduction? Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108190. [PMID: 35738049 PMCID: PMC9188450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, electrochemical biosensors have shown several advantages including accuracy, low cost, possibility of miniaturization and portability, which make them an interesting testing method for rapid point-of-care (POC) detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing the detection of both viral RNA and viral antigens. Herein, we reviewed advancements in electrochemical biosensing platforms towards the detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on voltametric and impedimetric transduction modes, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Acedo P. An electrochemical membrane-based aptasensor for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 receptor-binding domain. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2022; 598:153867. [PMID: 35669218 PMCID: PMC9158412 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an electrochemical membrane-based aptasensor for the determination of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2-RBD). For this purpose, the nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide membrane (NPAOM) was first fabricated electrochemically. The NPAOM was then functionalized with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (NPAOM-Si-SH). After that, the NPAOM-Si-SH was decorated with gold nanoparticles by using gold ion and sodium borohydride. The NPAOM-Si-S-Aunano was then attached to the surface of the working electrode of a laser-engraved graphene electrode (LEGE). Subsequently, the LEGE/NPAOM-Si-S-Aunano was fixed inside a flow cell that was made by using a three-dimensional (3D) printer, and then thiolated aptamer was transferred into the flow cell using a pump. The electrochemical behavior of the LEGE/NPAOM-Si-S-Aunano-Aptamer was studied using square wave voltammetry (SWV) in the presence of potassium ferrocyanide as a redox probe. The response of the LEGE/NPAOM-Si-S-Aunano-Aptamer to the different concentrations of the SARS-CoV-2-RBD in human saliva sample was investigated in the concentration range of 2.5-40.0 ng/mL. The limit of the detection was found to be 0.8 ng/mL. The LEGE/NPAOM-Si-S-Aunano-Aptamer showed good selectivity to 5.0 ng/mL of SARS-CoV-2-RBD in the presence of five times of the interfering agents like hemagglutinin and neuraminidase as the influenza A virus major surface glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Acedo
- Electronic Technology Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
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20
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Yang LF, Kacherovsky N, Liang J, Salipante SJ, Pun SH. SCORe: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant RBD-Binding DNA Aptamer for Multiplexed Rapid Detection and Pseudovirus Neutralization. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12683-12690. [PMID: 35972202 PMCID: PMC9397568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern emerged, including the Omicron variant, which has enhanced infectivity and immune invasion. Many antibodies and aptamers that bind the spike (S) of previous strains of SARS-CoV-2 either do not bind or bind with low affinity to Omicron S. In this study, we report a high-affinity SARS-CoV-2 Omicron RBD-binding aptamer (SCORe) that binds Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 RBD with nanomolar KD1. We employ aptamers SCORe.50 and SNAP4.74 in a multiplexed lateral flow assay (LFA) to distinguish between Omicron and wild-type S at concentrations as low as 100 pM. Finally, we show that SCORe.50 and its dimerized form SCOReD can neutralize Omicron S-pseudotyped virus infection of ACE2-overexpressing cells by >70%. SCORe therefore has potential applications in COVID-19 rapid diagnostics as well as in viral neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy F. Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nataly Kacherovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Joey Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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21
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Progress in Electrochemical Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus for COVID-19 Management. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and early diagnosis of lethal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important issue considering global human health, economy, education, and other activities. The advancement of understanding of the chemistry/biochemistry and the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the development of low-cost, efficient, and reliable methods for COVID-19 diagnosis over “gold standard” real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) due to its several limitations. This led to the development of electrochemical sensors/biosensors for rapid, fast, and low-cost detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the patient’s biological fluids by detecting the components of the virus, including structural proteins (antigens), nucleic acid, and antibodies created after COVID-19 infection. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art research progress of electrochemical biosensors for COVID-19 diagnosis. They include the detection of spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, whole virus, nucleic acid, and antibodies. The review also outlines the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, different detection methods, and design strategies of electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 biosensors by highlighting the current challenges and future perspectives.
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22
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A Review on Potential Electrochemical Point-of-Care Tests Targeting Pandemic Infectious Disease Detection: COVID-19 as a Reference. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) of infectious diseases is crucial for diminishing the pandemic miseries. To fight the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), numerous interesting electrochemical point-of-care (POC) tests have been evolved to rapidly identify the causal organism SARS-CoV-2 virus, its nucleic acid and antigens, and antibodies of the patients. Many of those electrochemical biosensors are impressive in terms of miniaturization, mass production, ease of use, and speed of test, and they could be recommended for future applications in pandemic-like circumstances. On the other hand, self-diagnosis, sensitivity, specificity, surface chemistry, electrochemical components, device configuration, portability, small analyzers, and other features of the tests can yet be improved. Therefore, this report reviews the developmental trend of electrochemical POC tests (i.e., test platforms and features) reported for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 and correlates any significant advancements with relevant references. POCTs incorporating microfluidic/plastic chips, paper devices, nanomaterial-aided platforms, smartphone integration, self-diagnosis, and epidemiological reporting attributes are also surfed to help with future pandemic preparedness. This review especially screens the low-cost and easily affordable setups so that management of pandemic disease becomes faster and easier. Overall, the review is a wide-ranging package for finding appropriate strategies of electrochemical POCT targeting pandemic infectious disease detection.
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23
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Kuramitz H. Electrochemical analysis based on bioaffinity. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:831-832. [PMID: 35618948 PMCID: PMC9135573 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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An Aptamer-Functionalised Schottky-Field Effect Transistor for the Detection of Proteins. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050347. [PMID: 35624648 PMCID: PMC9138399 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has highlighted the need for a flexible sensing system that can quickly and accurately determine the presence of biomarkers associated with the disease. This sensing system also needs to be easily adaptable to incorporate both novel diseases as well as changes in the existing ones. Here we report the feasibility of using a simple, low-cost silicon field-effect transistor functionalised with aptamers and designed to attach to the spike protein of SARS-CoV2. It is shown that a linear response can be obtained in a concentration range of 100 fM to 10 pM. Furthermore, by using a larger range of source-drain potentials compared with other FET based sensors, it is possible to look at a wider range of device parameters to optimise the response.
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Tang T, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Recent Progress on Highly Selective and Sensitive Electrochemical Aptamer-based Sensors. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022; 38:866-878. [PMID: 35530120 PMCID: PMC9069955 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective, sensitive, and stable biosensors are essential for the molecular level understanding of many physiological activities and diseases. Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor is an appealing platform for measurement in biological system, attributing to the combined advantages of high selectivity of the aptamer and high sensitivity of electrochemical analysis. This review summarizes the latest development of E-AB sensors, focuses on the modification strategies used in the fabrication of sensors and the sensing strategies for analytes of different sizes in biological system, and then looks forward to the challenges and prospects of the future development of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Tang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yinghuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
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