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Le MUT, Park JH, Son JG, Shon HK, Joh S, Chung CG, Cho JH, Pirkl A, Lee SB, Lee TG. Monitoring lipid alterations in Drosophila heads in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2024; 149:846-858. [PMID: 38167886 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lipid alterations in the brain are well-documented in disease and aging, but our understanding of their pathogenic implications remains incomplete. Recent technological advances in assessing lipid profiles have enabled us to intricately examine the spatiotemporal variations in lipid compositions within the complex brain characterized by diverse cell types and intricate neural networks. In this study, we coupled time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Drosophila model, for the first time, to elucidate changes in the lipid landscape and investigate their potential role in the disease process, serving as a methodological and analytical complement to our prior approach that utilized matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The expansion of G4C2 repeats in the C9orf72 gene is the most prevalent genetic factor in ALS. Our findings indicate that expressing these repeats in fly brains elevates the levels of fatty acids, diacylglycerols, and ceramides during the early stages (day 5) of disease progression, preceding motor dysfunction. Using RNAi-based genetic screening targeting lipid regulators, we found that reducing fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) and Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) alleviates the retinal degeneration caused by G4C2 repeat expression and also markedly restores the G4C2-dependent alterations in lipid profiles. Significantly, the expression of FATP1 and ACBP is upregulated in G4C2-expressing flies, suggesting their contribution to lipid dysregulation. Collectively, our novel use of ToF-SIMS with the ALS Drosophila model, alongside methodological and analytical improvements, successfully identifies crucial lipids and related genetic factors in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Uyen Thi Le
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyang Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Gyeong Son
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Kyung Shon
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunho Joh
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alexander Pirkl
- IonTOF Technologies GmbH, Helsenbergstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Bio-imaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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2
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Barut I, Fletcher JS. Cell and tissue imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Biointerphases 2023; 18:061202. [PMID: 38108477 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This Tutorial focuses on the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry for the analysis of cellular and tissue samples. The Tutorial aims to cover the considerations in sample preparation analytical set up and some specific aspects of data interpretation associated with such analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Barut
- Department of Pharmacy, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
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3
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Jia F, Zhao X, Zhao Y. Advancements in ToF-SIMS imaging for life sciences. Front Chem 2023; 11:1237408. [PMID: 37693171 PMCID: PMC10483116 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1237408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 2 decades, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has gained significant prominence as a powerful imaging technique in the field of life sciences. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth overview of recent advancements in ToF-SIMS instrument technology and its applications in metabolomics, lipidomics, and single-cell analysis. We highlight the use of ToF-SIMS imaging for studying lipid distribution, composition, and interactions in cells and tissues, and discuss its application in metabolomics, including the analysis of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we review recent progress in single-cell analysis using ToF-SIMS, focusing on sample preparation techniques, in situ investigation for subcellular distribution of drugs, and interactions between drug molecules and biological targets. The high spatial resolution and potential for multimodal analysis of ToF-SIMS make it a promising tool for unraveling the complex molecular landscape of biological systems. We also discuss future prospects and potential advancements of ToF-SIMS in the research of life sciences, with the expectation of a significant impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Jia
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Liu J, Hu W, Han Y, Nie H. Recent advances in mass spectrometry imaging of single cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04774-9. [PMID: 37269305 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a sensitive, specific, label-free imaging analysis technique that can simultaneously obtain the spatial distribution, relative content, and structural information of hundreds of biomolecules in cells and tissues, such as lipids, small drug molecules, peptides, proteins, and other compounds. The study of molecular mapping of single cells can reveal major scientific issues such as the activity pattern of living organisms, disease pathogenesis, drug-targeted therapy, and cellular heterogeneity. Applying MSI technology to the molecular mapping of single cells can provide new insights and ideas for the study of single-cell metabolomics. This review aims to provide an informative resource for those in the MSI community who are interested in single-cell imaging. Particularly, we discuss advances in imaging schemes and sample preparation, instrumentation improvements, data processing and analysis, and 3D MSI over the past few years that have allowed MSI to emerge as a powerful technique in the molecular imaging of single cells. Also, we highlight some of the most cutting-edge studies in single-cell MSI, demonstrating the future potential of single-cell MSI. Visualizing molecular distribution at the single-cell or even sub-cellular level can provide us with richer cell information, which strongly contributes to advancing research fields such as biomedicine, life sciences, pharmacodynamic testing, and metabolomics. At the end of the review, we summarize the current development of single-cell MSI technology and look into the future of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Analytical Instrumental Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Analytical Instrumental Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yehua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Honggang Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Analytical Instrumental Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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5
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Saunders KDG, Lewis HM, Beste DJ, Cexus O, Bailey MJ. Spatial single cell metabolomics: Current challenges and future developments. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102327. [PMID: 37224735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single cell metabolomics is a rapidly advancing field of bio-analytical chemistry which aims to observe cellular biology with the greatest detail possible. Mass spectrometry imaging and selective cell sampling (e.g. using nanocapillaries) are two common approaches within the field. Recent achievements such as observation of cell-cell interactions, lipids determining cell states and rapid phenotypic identification demonstrate the efficacy of these approaches and the momentum of the field. However, single cell metabolomics can only continue with the same impetus if the universal challenges to the field are met, such as the lack of strategies for standardisation and quantification, and lack of specificity/sensitivity. Mass spectrometry imaging and selective cell sampling come with unique advantages and challenges which, in many cases are complementary to each other. We propose here that the challenges specific to each approach could be ameliorated with collaboration between the two communities driving these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly-May Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Dany Jv Beste
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Olivier Cexus
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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6
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Philipsen MH, Ranjbari E, Gu C, Ewing AG. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Shows Modafinil, A Student Study Drug, Changes the Lipid Composition of the Fly Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai H. Philipsen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Elias Ranjbari
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemigården 4 41296 Göteborg Sweden
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Philipsen MH, Ranjbari E, Gu C, Ewing AG. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Shows Modafinil, A Student Study Drug, Changes the Lipid Composition of the Fly Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17378-17382. [PMID: 34041832 PMCID: PMC8361715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Modafinil, a widely used psychoactive drug, has been shown to exert a positive impact on cognition and is used to treat sleep disorders and hyperactivity. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric imaging, we studied the changes of brain lipids of Drosophila melanogaster induced by modafinil to gain insight into the functional mechanism of modafinil in the brain. We found that upon modafinil treatment, the abundance of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species in the central brain of Drosophila is significantly decreased, whereas the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol in the brains show significant enhancement compared to the control flies. The alteration of brain lipids caused by modafinil is consistent with previous studies about cognition-related drugs and offers a plausible mechanism regarding the action of modafinil in the brain as well as a potential target for the treatment of certain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H. Philipsen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GöteborgSweden
| | - Elias Ranjbari
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GöteborgSweden
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GöteborgSweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GöteborgSweden
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8
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Combined electrochemistry and mass spectrometry imaging to interrogate the mechanism of action of modafinil, a cognition-enhancing drug, at the cellular and sub-cellular level. QRB DISCOVERY 2021. [PMID: 37529675 PMCID: PMC10392688 DOI: 10.1017/qrd.2021.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractModafinil is a mild psychostimulant-like drug enhancing wakefulness, improving attention and developing performance in various cognitive tasks, but its mechanism of action is not completely understood. This is the first combination of amperometry, electrochemical cytometry and mass spectrometry to interrogate the mechanism of action of a drug, here modafinil, at cellular and sub-cellular level. We employed single-cell amperometry (SCA) and intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (IVIEC) to investigate the alterations in exocytotic release and vesicular catecholamine storage following modafinil treatment. The SCA results reveal that modafinil slows down the exocytosis process so that, the number of catecholamines released per exocytotic event is enhanced in the modafinil-treated cells. Also, IVIEC results offer an upregulation effect of modafinil on the vesicular catecholamine storage. Mass spectrometry imaging by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) illustrates that treatment with modafinil reduces the cylindrical-shaped phosphatidylcholine at the cellular membrane, while the high curvature lipids with conical structures such as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol are elevated after modafinil treatment. Combining the results obtained by SCA, IVIEC and ToF-SIMS suggests that modafinil-treated cells release a larger portion of their vesicular content at least in part by changing the lipid composition of the cell membrane, suggesting regulation of cognition.
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9
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Zhang Y, Chen D, Du M, Ma L, Li P, Qin R, Yang J, Yin Z, Wu X, Xu H. Insights into the degradation and toxicity difference mechanism of neonicotinoid pesticides in honeybees by mass spectrometry imaging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145170. [PMID: 33607427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees are essential for the pollination of a wide variety of crops and flowering plants, whereas they are confronting decline around the world due to the overuse of pesticides, especially neonicotinoids. The mechanism behind the negative impacts of neonicotinoids on honeybees has attracted considerable interest, yet it remains unknown due to the limited insights into the spatiotemporal distribution of pesticides in honeybees. Herein, we demonstrated the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for the spatiotemporal visualization of neonicotinoids, such as N-nitroguanidine (dinotefuran) and N-cyanoamidine (acetamiprid) compounds, administered by oral application or direct contact, in the whole-body section of honeybees. The MSI results revealed that both dinotefuran and acetamiprid can quickly penetrate various biological barriers and distribute within the whole-body section of honeybees, but acetamiprid can be degraded much faster than dinotefuran. The degradation rate of acetamiprid is significantly decreased when piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is applied, whereas that of dinotefuran remains almost unchanged. These two factors might contribute to the fact that dinotefuran affords a higher toxicity to honeybees than acetamiprid. Moreover, the toxicity and degradation rate of acetamiprid can be affected by co-application with tebuconazole. Taken together, the results presented here indicate that the discrepant toxicity between dinotefuran and acetamiprid does not lie in the difference in their penetration of various biological barriers of honeybees, but in the degradation rate of neonicotinoid pesticides within honeybee tissues. Moreover, new perspectives are given to better understand the causes of the current decline in honeybee populations posed by insecticides, providing guidelines for the precise use of conventional agrochemicals and the rational design of novel pesticide candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingyi Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianlian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Run Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaru Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xinzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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10
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Aref M, Ranjbari E, Romiani A, Ewing AG. Intracellular injection of phospholipids directly alters exocytosis and the fraction of chemical release in chromaffin cells as measured by nano-electrochemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11869-11876. [PMID: 34123212 PMCID: PMC8162797 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03683h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a nano-injection method, we introduced phospholipids having different intrinsic geometries into single secretory cells and used single cell amperometry (SCA) and intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (IVIEC) with nanotip electrodes to monitor the effects of intracellular incubation on the exocytosis process and vesicular storage. Combining tools, this work provides new information to understand the impact of intracellular membrane lipid engineering on exocytotic release, vesicular content and fraction of chemical release. We also assessed the effect of membrane lipid alteration on catecholamine storage of isolated vesicles by implementing another amperometric technique, vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC), outside the cell. Exocytosis analysis reveals that the intracellular nano-injection of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine decreases the number of released catecholamines, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine shows the opposite effect. These observations support the emerging hypothesis that lipid curvature results in membrane remodeling through secretory pathways, and also provide new evidence for a critical role of the lipid localization in modulating the release process. Interestingly, the IVIEC data imply that total vesicular content is also affected by in situ supplementation of the cells with some lipids, while, the corresponding VIEC results show that the neurotransmitter content in isolated vesicles is not affected by altering the vesicle membrane lipids. This suggests that the intervention of phospholipids inside the cell has its effect on the cellular machinery for vesicle release rather than vesicle structure, and leads to the somewhat surprising conclusion that modulating release has a direct effect on vesicle structure, which is likely due to the vesicles opening and closing again during exocytosis. These findings could lead to a novel regulatory mechanism for the exocytotic or synaptic strength based on lipid heterogeneity across the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Aref
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Elias Ranjbari
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Armaghan Romiani
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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11
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Sämfors S, Fletcher JS. Lipid Diversity in Cells and Tissue Using Imaging SIMS. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:249-271. [PMID: 32212820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of biomolecules with many roles within cells and tissue. As targets for study, they present several challenges. They are difficult to label, as many labels lack the specificity to the many different lipid species or the labels maybe larger than the lipids themselves, thus severely perturbing the natural chemical environment. Mass spectrometry provides exceptional specificity and is often used to examine lipid extracts from different samples. However, spatial information is lost during extraction. Of the different imaging mass spectrometry methods available, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is unique in its ability to analyze very small features, with probe sizes <50 nm available. It also offers high surface sensitivity and 3D imaging capability on a subcellular scale. This article reviews the current capabilities and some remaining challenges associated with imaging the diverse lipids present in cell and tissue samples. We show how the technique has moved beyond show-and-tell, proof-of-principle analysis and is now being used to address real biological challenges. These include imaging the microenvironment of cancer tumors, probing the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, or tracking the lipid composition through bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sämfors
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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12
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Philipsen MH, Phan NTN, Fletcher JS, Ewing AG. Interplay between Cocaine, Drug Removal, and Methylphenidate Reversal on Phospholipid Alterations in Drosophila Brain Determined by Imaging Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:806-813. [PMID: 32045198 PMCID: PMC7077924 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine dependence displays a broad impairment in cognitive performance including attention, learning, and memory. To obtain a better understanding of the action of cocaine in the nervous system, and the relation between phospholipids and memory, we have investigated whether phospholipids recover in the brain following cocaine removal using the fly model, Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, the effects of methylphenidate, a substitute medication for cocaine dependence, on fly brain lipids after cocaine abuse are also determined to see if it can rescue the lipid changes caused by cocaine. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry with a (CO2)6000+ gas cluster ion beam was used to detect intact phospholipids. We show that cocaine has persistent effects, both increasing and decreasing the levels of specific phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols. These changes remain after cocaine withdrawal and are not rescued by methylphenidate. Cocaine is again shown to generally increase the levels of phosphatidylcholines in the fly brain; however, after drug withdrawal, the abundance of these lipids returns to the original level and methylphenidate treatment of the flies following cocaine exposure enhances the reversal of the lipid level reducing them below the original control. The study provides insight into the molecular effects of cocaine and methylphenidate on brain lipids. We suggest that phosphatidylcholines could be a potential target for the treatment of cocaine abuse as well as be a significant hallmark of cognition and memory loss with cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Hoang Philipsen
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Platform, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nhu T. N. Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Platform, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Stephen Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Platform, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Platform, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Plasticity in exocytosis revealed through the effects of repetitive stimuli affect the content of nanometer vesicles and the fraction of transmitter released. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21409-21415. [PMID: 31570594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910859116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques with disk and nano-tip electrodes, together with calcium imaging, were used to examine the effect of short-interval repetitive stimuli on both exocytosis and vesicular content in a model cell line. We show that the number of events decreases markedly with repeated stimuli suggesting a depletion of exocytosis machinery. However, repetitive stimuli induce a more stable fusion pore, leading to an increased amount of neurotransmitter release. In contrast, the total neurotransmitter content inside the vesicles decreases after repetitive stimuli, resulting in a higher average release fraction from each event. We suggest a possible mechanism regarding a link between activity-induced plasticity and fraction of release.
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14
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Secondary‐Ion Mass Spectrometry Images Cardiolipins and Phosphatidylethanolamines at the Subcellular Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Tian H, Sparvero LJ, Blenkinsopp P, Amoscato AA, Watkins SC, Bayır H, Kagan VE, Winograd N. Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry Images Cardiolipins and Phosphatidylethanolamines at the Subcellular Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3156-3161. [PMID: 30680861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Millions of diverse molecules constituting the lipidome act as important signals within cells. Of these, cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) participate in apoptosis and ferroptosis, respectively. Their subcellular distribution is largely unknown. Imaging mass spectrometry is capable of deciphering the spatial distribution of multiple lipids at subcellular levels. Here we report the development of a unique 70 keV gas-cluster ion beam that consists of (CO2 )n + (n>10 000) projectiles. Coupled with direct current beam buncher-time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry, it is optimized for sensitivity towards high-mass species (up to m/z 3000) at high spatial resolution (1 μm). In combination with immunohistochemistry, phospholipids, including PE and CL, have been assessed in subcellular compartments of mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and rat brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 209 Chemistry Bldg., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Paul Blenkinsopp
- Ionoptika Ltd., Unit B6, Millbrook Cl, Chandler's Ford, Eastleigh, SO53 4BZ, UK
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 209 Chemistry Bldg., University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, Radiation Oncology, Critical Care Medicine, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 209 Chemistry Bldg., University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow Medical State University, Russia
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 209 Chemistry Bldg., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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16
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Yoon S, Lee TG. Biological tissue sample preparation for time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:24. [PMID: 30467706 PMCID: PMC6153193 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging is an analytical technique rapidly expanding in use in biological studies. This technique is based on high spatial resolution (50-100 nm), high surface sensitivity (1-2 nm top-layer), and statistical analytic power. In mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), sample preparation is a crucial step to maintaining the natural state of the biomolecules and providing accurate spatial information. However, a number of problems associated with temperature changes in tissue samples such as loss of original distribution due to undesired molecular migration during the sample preparation or reduced ionization efficiency make it difficult to accurately perform MSI. Although frozen hydrate analysis is the ideal sample preparation method to eliminate the effects of temperature, this approach is hindered by mechanical limitations. Alternatively, an adhesive-tape-supported mounting and freeze-drying preparation has been proposed. This paper provides a concise review of the sample preparation procedures, a review of current issues, and proposes efficacious solutions for ToF-SIMS imaging in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Yoon
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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17
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Schaepe K, Bhandari DR, Werner J, Henss A, Pirkl A, Kleine-Boymann M, Rohnke M, Wenisch S, Neumann E, Janek J, Spengler B. Imaging of Lipids in Native Human Bone Sections Using TOF-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Atmospheric Pressure Scanning Microprobe Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry, and Orbitrap-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8856-8864. [PMID: 29944823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for high-resolution label-free molecular imaging of human bone tissue. To preserve the lipid content and the heterogeneous structure of osseous tissue, 4 μm thick human bone sections were prepared via cryoembedding and tape-assisted cryosectioning, circumventing the application of organic solvents and a decalcification step. A protocol for comparative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) on the same section was established for initial analysis with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) at a lateral resolution of 10 μm to <500 nm, followed by atmospheric pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-SMALDI) Orbitrap MSI at a lateral resolution of 10 μm. This procedure ultimately enabled MSI of lipids, providing the lateral localization of major lipid classes such as glycero-, glycerophospho-, and sphingolipids. Additionally, the applicability of the recently emerged Orbitrap-TOF-SIMS hybrid system was exemplarily examined and compared to the before-mentioned MSI methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janina Werner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences , Small Animal Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Frankfurter Strasse 98 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | | | - Alexander Pirkl
- IONTOF GmbH , Heisenbergstrasse 15 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | | | | | - Sabine Wenisch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences , Small Animal Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Frankfurter Strasse 98 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Justus Liebig University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic , Benekestrasse 2-8 , 61231 Bad Nauheim , Germany
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18
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Mohammadi AS, Li X, Ewing AG. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Suggests That Cisplatin Affects Exocytotic Release by Alteration of Cell Membrane Lipids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8509-8516. [PMID: 29912552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging to investigate the effect of cisplatin, the first member of the platinum-based anticancer drugs, on the membrane lipid composition of model cells to see if lipid changes might be involved in the changes in exocytosis observed. Platinum-based anticancer drugs have been reported to affect neurotransmitter release resulting in what is called the "chemobrain"; however, the mechanism for the influence is not yet understood. TOF-SIMS imaging was carried out using a high energy 40 keV (CO2)6000+ gas cluster ion beam with improved sensitivity for intact lipids in biological samples. Principal components analysis showed that cisplatin treatment of PC12 cells significantly affects the abundance of different lipids and their derivatives, particularly phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, which are diminished. Treatment of cells with 2 μM and 100 μM cisplatin showed similar effects on induced lipid changes. Lipid content alterations caused by cisplatin treatment at the cell surface are associated with the molecular and bimolecular signaling pathways of cisplatin-induced apoptosis of cells. We suggest that lipid alterations measured by TOF-SIMS are involved, at least in part, in the regulation of exocytosis by cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden.,National Center for Imaging Mass Spectrometry , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Xianchan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden.,National Center for Imaging Mass Spectrometry , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
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19
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Philipsen MH, Phan NTN, Fletcher JS, Malmberg P, Ewing AG. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Shows Cocaine and Methylphenidate Have Opposite Effects on Major Lipids in Drosophila Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1462-1468. [PMID: 29508991 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to study the effects of cocaine versus methylphenidate administration on both the localization and abundance of lipids in Drosophila melanogaster brain. A J105 ToF-SIMS with a 40 keV gas cluster primary ion source enabled us to probe molecular ions of biomolecules on the fly with a spatial resolution of ∼3 μm, giving us unique insights into the effect of these drugs on molecular lipids in the nervous system. Significant changes in phospholipid composition were observed in the central brain for both. Principal components image analysis revealed that changes occurred mainly for phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols. When the lipid changes caused by cocaine were compared with those induced by methylphenidate, it was shown that these drugs exert opposite effects on the brain lipid structure. We speculate that this might relate to the molecular mechanism of cognition and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H. Philipsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Go:IMS, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Nhu T. N. Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Go:IMS, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Goettingen University Medical Center, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - John S. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Go:IMS, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Go:IMS, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Go:IMS, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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20
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Winograd N. Gas Cluster Ion Beams for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:29-48. [PMID: 29490191 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gas cluster ion beams (GCIBs) provide new opportunities for bioimaging and molecular depth profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). These beams, consisting of clusters containing thousands of particles, initiate desorption of target molecules with high yield and minimal fragmentation. This review emphasizes the unique opportunities for implementing these sources, especially for bioimaging applications. Theoretical aspects of the cluster ion/solid interaction are developed to maximize conditions for successful mass spectrometry. In addition, the history of how GCIBs have become practical laboratory tools is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the versatility of these sources, as size, kinetic energy, and chemical composition can be varied easily to maximize lateral resolution, hopefully to less than 1 micron, and to maximize ionization efficiency. Recent examples of bioimaging applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
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21
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Schmitz F, Pierozan P, Biasibetti-Brendler H, Ferreira FS, Dos Santos Petry F, Trindade VMT, Pessoa-Pureur R, Wyse ATS. Methylphenidate disrupts cytoskeletal homeostasis and reduces membrane-associated lipid content in juvenile rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:693-704. [PMID: 29288365 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although methylphenidate (MPH) is ubiquitously prescribed to children and adolescents, the consequences of chronic utilization of this psychostimulant are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of MPH on cytoskeletal homeostasis and lipid content in rat hippocampus. Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 44th day of age. Results showed that MPH provoked hypophosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and reduced its immunocontent. Middle and high molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF-M, NF-H) were hypophosphorylated by MPH on KSP repeat tail domains, while NFL, NFM and NFH immunocontents were not altered. MPH increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) immunocontents. MPH also decreased the total content of ganglioside and phospholipid, as well as the main brain gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, and GD1b) and the major brain phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine). Total cholesterol content was also reduced in the hippocampi of juvenile rats treated with MPH. These results provide evidence that disruptions of cytoskeletal and lipid homeostasis in hippocampus of juvenile rats are triggers by chronic MPH treatment and present a new basis for understanding the effects and consequences associated with chronic use of this psychostimulant during the development of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos Petry
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Treis Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório do Citoesqueleto, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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22
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Chemical imaging of aggressive basal cell carcinoma using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Biointerphases 2018; 13:03B402. [PMID: 29329503 DOI: 10.1116/1.5016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of basal cell carcinoma samples, removed by Mohs micrographic surgery and pathologically identified as having an aggressive subtype, have been analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The SIMS analysis employed a gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) to increase the sensitivity of the technique for the detection of intact lipid species. The GCIB also allowed these intact molecular signals to be maintained while surface contamination and delocalized chemicals were removed from the upper tissue surface. Distinct mass spectral signals were detected from different regions of the tissue (epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, scar tissue, and cancerous tissue) allowing mass spectral pathology to be performed. The cancerous regions of the tissue showed a particular increase in sphingomyelin signals that were detected in both positive and negative ion mode along with increased specific phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol signals observed in negative ion mode. Samples containing mixed more and less aggressive tumor regions showed increased phosphatidylcholine lipid content in the less aggressive areas similar to a punch biopsy sample of a nonaggressive nodular lesion.
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23
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Phan NTN, Munem M, Ewing AG, Fletcher JS. MS/MS analysis and imaging of lipids across Drosophila brain using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3923-3932. [PMID: 28389914 PMCID: PMC5437193 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant biomolecules performing central roles to maintain proper functioning of cells and biological bodies. Due to their highly complex composition, it is critical to obtain information of lipid structures in order to identify particular lipids which are relevant for a biological process or metabolic pathway under study. Among currently available molecular identification techniques, MS/MS in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging has been of high interest in the bioanalytical community as it allows visualization of intact molecules in biological samples as well as elucidation of their chemical structures. However, there have been few applications using SIMS and MS/MS owing to instrumental challenges for this capability. We performed MS and MS/MS imaging to study the lipid structures of Drosophila brain using the J105 and 40-keV Ar4000+ gas cluster ion source, with the novelty being the use of MS/MS SIMS analysis of intact lipids in the fly brain. Glycerophospholipids were identified by MS/MS profiling. MS/MS was also used to characterize diglyceride fragment ions and to identify them as triacylglyceride fragments. Moreover, MS/MS imaging offers a unique possibility for detailed elucidation of biomolecular distribution with high accuracy based on the ion images of its fragments. This is particularly useful in the presence of interferences which disturb the interpretation of biomolecular localization. MS/MS was performed during time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis of Drosophila melongaster (fruit fly) to elucidate the structure and origin of different chemical species in the brain including a range of different phospholipid classes (PC, PI, PE) and di- and triacylglycerides (DAG & TAG) species where reference MS/MS spectra provided a potential means of discriminating between the isobaric [M-OH]+ ion of DAGs and the [M-RCO]+ ion of TAGs. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu T N Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marwa Munem
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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24
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Do TD, Comi TJ, Dunham SJB, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Single Cell Profiling Using Ionic Liquid Matrix-Enhanced Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry for Neuronal Cell Type Differentiation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3078-3086. [PMID: 28194949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput single cell profiling method has been developed for matrix-enhanced-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ME-SIMS) to investigate the lipid profiles of neuronal cells. Populations of cells are dispersed onto the substrate, their locations determined using optical microscopy, and the cell locations used to guide the acquisition of SIMS spectra from the cells. Up to 2,000 cells can be assayed in one experiment at a rate of 6 s per cell. Multiple saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and their fragments are detected and verified with tandem mass spectrometry from individual cells when ionic liquids are employed as a matrix. Optically guided single cell profiling with ME-SIMS is suitable for a range of cell sizes, from Aplysia californica neurons larger than 75 μm to 7-μm rat cerebellar neurons. ME-SIMS analysis followed by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding of peaks in the lipid molecular mass range (m/z 700-850) distinguishes several cell types from the rat central nervous system, largely based on the relative proportions of four dominant lipids, PC(32:0), PC(34:1), PC(36:1), and PC(38:5). Furthermore, subpopulations within each cell type are tentatively classified consistent with their endogenous lipid ratios. The results illustrate the efficacy of a new approach to classify single cell populations and subpopulations using SIMS profiling of lipid and metabolite contents. These methods are broadly applicable for high throughput single cell chemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh D Do
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Troy J Comi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sage J B Dunham
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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25
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu B, Wu K, Thevuthasan S, Baer DR, Zhu Z, Yu XY, Wang F. In Situ Mass Spectrometric Monitoring of the Dynamic Electrochemical Process at the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface: a SIMS Approach. Anal Chem 2016; 89:960-965. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Kui Wu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Mohammadi AS, Phan NTN, Fletcher JS, Ewing AG. Intact lipid imaging of mouse brain samples: MALDI, nanoparticle-laser desorption ionization, and 40 keV argon cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6857-68. [PMID: 27549796 PMCID: PMC5012256 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the capability of nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (NP-LDI MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS, and gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry (GCIB SIMS) to provide maximum information available in lipid analysis and imaging of mouse brain tissue. The use of Au nanoparticles deposited as a matrix for NP-LDI MS is compared to MALDI and SIMS analysis of mouse brain tissue and allows selective detection and imaging of groups of lipid molecular ion species localizing in the white matter differently from those observed using conventional MALDI with improved imaging potential. We demonstrate that high-energy (40 keV) GCIB SIMS can act as a semi-soft ionization method to extend the useful mass range of SIMS imaging to analyze and image intact lipids in biological samples, closing the gap between conventional SIMS and MALDI techniques. The GCIB SIMS allowed the detection of more intact lipid compounds in the mouse brain compared to MALDI with regular organic matrices. The 40 keV GCIB SIMS also produced peaks observed in the NP-LDI analysis, and these peaks were strongly enhanced in intensity by exposure of the sample to trifluororacetic acid (TFA) vapor prior to analysis. These MS techniques for imaging of different types of lipids create a potential overlap and cross point that can enhance the information for imaging lipids in biological tissue sections. Schematic of mass spectral imaging of a mouse brain tissue using GCIB-SIMS and MALDI techniques ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,National Center Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nhu T N Phan
- National Center Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- National Center Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,National Center Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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27
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Phan NTN, Mohammadi AS, Dowlatshahi Pour M, Ewing AG. Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Drosophila Brain Using Matrix Sublimation versus Modification with Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1734-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu T. N. Phan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Dowlatshahi Pour
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Center
Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Kemivägen
10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Körsgen M, Pelster A, Vens-Cappell S, Roling O, Arlinghaus HF. Molecular ME-ToF-SIMS yield as a function of DHB matrix layer thicknesses obtained from brain sections coated by sublimation/deposition techniques. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Körsgen
- Physikalisches Institut; Wilhelm Klemm Str. 10 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Andreas Pelster
- Physikalisches Institut; Wilhelm Klemm Str. 10 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Simeon Vens-Cappell
- Institute for Hygiene; University of Münster; Robert-Koch-Str. 41 Münster 48149 Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF); University of Münster; Domagkstr. 3 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Oliver Roling
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Center for Soft Nanoscience and Graduate School of Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstr. 40 Münster 48149 Germany
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