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Yun L, Cheng C, Yang S, Wang Z, Li M, Zhong QE, Mao L, Liu S, Cheng X, Chen D, Yang F, Zhou Z. Mixing states and secondary formation processes of organic nitrogen-containing single particles in Guangzhou, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:62-73. [PMID: 38135425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) compounds play a significant role in the light absorption of brown carbon and the formation of organic aerosols, however, the mixing state, secondary formation processes, and influencing factors of ON compounds are still unclear. This paper reports on the mixing state of ON-containing particles based on measurements obtained using a high-performance single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in January 2020 in Guangzhou. The ON-containing particles accounted for 21% of the total detected single particles, and the particle count and number fraction of the ON-containing particles were two times higher at night than during the day. The prominent increase in the content of ON-containing particles with the enhancement of NOx mainly occurred at night, and accompanied by high relative humidity and nitrate, which were associated with heterogeneous reactions between organics and gaseous NOx and/or NO3 radical. The synchronous decreases in ON-containing particles and the mass absorption coefficient of water-soluble extracts at 365 nm in the afternoon may be associated with photo-bleaching of the ON species in the particles. In addition, the positive matrix factorization analysis found five factors dominated the formation processes of ON particles, and the nitrate factor (33%) mainly contributed to the production of ON particles at night. The results of this study provide unique insights into the mixing states and secondary formation processes of the ON-containing particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yun
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy Science, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Suxia Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zaihua Wang
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi En Zhong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liyuan Mao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sulin Liu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoya Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Duanying Chen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201200, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Shabtai IA, Wilhelm RC, Schweizer SA, Höschen C, Buckley DH, Lehmann J. Calcium promotes persistent soil organic matter by altering microbial transformation of plant litter. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6609. [PMID: 37857604 PMCID: PMC10587086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) can contribute to soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence by mediating physico-chemical interactions between organic compounds and minerals. Yet, Ca is also crucial for microbial adhesion, potentially affecting colonization of plant and mineral surfaces. The importance of Ca as a mediator of microbe-mineral-organic matter interactions and resulting SOC transformation has been largely overlooked. We incubated 44Ca labeled soils with 13C15N labeled leaf litter to study how Ca affects microbial transformation of litter and formation of mineral associated organic matter. Here we show that Ca additions promote hyphae-forming bacteria, which often specialize in colonizing surfaces, and increase incorporation of litter into microbial biomass and carbon use efficiency by approximately 45% each. Ca additions reduce cumulative CO2 production by 4%, while promoting associations between minerals and microbial byproducts of plant litter. These findings expand the role of Ca in SOC persistence from solely a driver of physico-chemical reactions to a mediator of coupled abiotic-biotic cycling of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar A Shabtai
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Roland C Wilhelm
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Steffen A Schweizer
- Chair of Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Carmen Höschen
- Chair of Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
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Harris E, Diaz-Pines E, Stoll E, Schloter M, Schulz S, Duffner C, Li K, Moore KL, Ingrisch J, Reinthaler D, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Glatzel S, Brüggemann N, Bahn M. Denitrifying pathways dominate nitrous oxide emissions from managed grassland during drought and rewetting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabb7118. [PMID: 33547069 PMCID: PMC7864578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas whose atmospheric growth rate has accelerated over the past decade. Most anthropogenic N2O emissions result from soil N fertilization, which is converted to N2O via oxic nitrification and anoxic denitrification pathways. Drought-affected soils are expected to be well oxygenated; however, using high-resolution isotopic measurements, we found that denitrifying pathways dominated N2O emissions during a severe drought applied to managed grassland. This was due to a reversible, drought-induced enrichment in nitrogen-bearing organic matter on soil microaggregates and suggested a strong role for chemo- or codenitrification. Throughout rewetting, denitrification dominated emissions, despite high variability in fluxes. Total N2O flux and denitrification contribution were significantly higher during rewetting than for control plots at the same soil moisture range. The observed feedbacks between precipitation changes induced by climate change and N2O emission pathways are sufficient to account for the accelerating N2O growth rate observed over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harris
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - E Diaz-Pines
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - E Stoll
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - S Schulz
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Duffner
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - K Li
- Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - K L Moore
- Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J Ingrisch
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Reinthaler
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Zechmeister-Boltenstern
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Glatzel
- Geoecology, Department of Geography and Regional Research, Faculty of Geosciences, Geography, and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - N Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Bahn
- Plant, Soil and Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Gyngard F, Steinhauser ML. Biological explorations with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 2019; 34:1534-1545. [PMID: 34054180 PMCID: PMC8158666 DOI: 10.1039/c9ja00171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of biological processes at the single cell or subcellular level is critical in order to better understand heterogenous cell populations. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) enables multiplexed, quantitative imaging of the elemental composition of a sample surface at high resolution (< 50 nm). Through measurement of two different isotopic variants of any given element, NanoSIMS provides nanoscale isotope ratio measurements. When coupled with stable isotope tracer methods, the measurement of isotope ratios functionally illuminates biochemical pathways at suborganelle resolution. In this review, we describe the practical application of NanoSIMS to study biological processes in organisms ranging from microbes to humans, highlighting experimental applications that have provided insight that is largely unattainable by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gyngard
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Li W, Xu L, Liu X, Zhang J, Lin Y, Yao X, Gao H, Zhang D, Chen J, Wang W, Harrison RM, Zhang X, Shao L, Fu P, Nenes A, Shi Z. Air pollution-aerosol interactions produce more bioavailable iron for ocean ecosystems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601749. [PMID: 28275731 PMCID: PMC5332152 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It has long been hypothesized that acids formed from anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions dissolve iron (Fe) in airborne particles, enhancing the supply of bioavailable Fe to the oceans. However, field observations have yet to provide indisputable evidence to confirm this hypothesis. Single-particle chemical analysis for hundreds of individual atmospheric particles collected over the East China Sea shows that Fe-rich particles from coal combustion and steel industries were coated with thick layers of sulfate after 1 to 2 days of atmospheric residence. The Fe in aged particles was present as a "hotspot" of (insoluble) iron oxides and throughout the acidic sulfate coating in the form of (soluble) Fe sulfate, which increases with degree of aging (thickness of coating). This provides the "smoking gun" for acid iron dissolution, because iron sulfate was not detected in the freshly emitted particles and there is no other source or mechanism of iron sulfate formation in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yangting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longyi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras GR-26504, Greece
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Palea-Pendeli GR-15236, Greece
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Corresponding author.
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