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Lozon C, Cornet A, Reculusa S, Garrigue P, Kuhn A, Salinas G. Chemically-Driven Autonomous Janus Electromagnets as Magnetotactic Swimmers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408198. [PMID: 38924323 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
An electromagnet is a particular device that takes advantage of electrical currents to produce concentrated magnetic fields. The most well-known example is a conventional solenoid, having the form of an elongated coil and creating a strong magnetic field through its center when it is connected to a current source. Spontaneous redox reactions located at opposite ends of an anisotropic Janus swimmer can effectively mimic a standard power source, due to their ability to wirelessly generate a local electric current. Herein, we propose the coupling of thermodynamically spontaneous redox reactions occurring at the extremities of a hybrid Mg/Pt Janus swimmer with a solenoidal geometry to generate significant magnetic fields. These chemically driven electromagnets spontaneously transform the redox-induced electric current into a magnetic field with a strength in the range of μT upon contact with an acidic medium. Such on-board magnetization allows them to perform compass-like rotational motion and magnetotactic displacement in the presence of external magnetic field gradients, without the need of using ferromagnetic materials for the swimmer design. The torque force experienced by the swimmer is proportional to the internal redox current, and by varying the composition of the solution, it is possible to fine-tune its angular velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Lozon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Cornet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Stephane Reculusa
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
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2
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Becton M, Hou J, Zhao Y, Wang X. Dynamic Clustering and Scaling Behavior of Active Particles under Confinement. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:144. [PMID: 38251109 PMCID: PMC10819351 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A systematic investigation of the dynamic clustering behavior of active particles under confinement, including the effects of both particle density and active driving force, is presented based on a hybrid coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. First, a series of scaling laws are derived with power relationships for the dynamic clustering time as a function of both particle density and active driving force. Notably, the average number of clusters N¯ assembled from active particles in the simulation system exhibits a scaling relationship with clustering time t described by N¯∝t-m. Simultaneously, the scaling behavior of the average cluster size S¯ is characterized by S¯∝tm. Our findings reveal the presence of up to four distinct dynamic regions concerning clustering over time, with transitions contingent upon the particle density within the system. Furthermore, as the active driving force increases, the aggregation behavior also accelerates, while an increase in density of active particles induces alterations in the dynamic procession of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Becton
- School of ECAM, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Jixin Hou
- School of ECAM, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- School of ECAM, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
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3
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Wang Y, Qin B, Gao S, Wang X, Zhang H, Wu Z. Recent advancements in Mg-based micromotors for biomedical and environmental applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11483-11495. [PMID: 38054245 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02339g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micro/nanomotors have attracted considerable attention due to their promising potential in the field of biomedicine. Despite their great potential, major micromotors require chemical fuels or complex devices to generate external physical fields for propulsion. Therefore, for future practical medical and environmental applications, Mg-based micromotors that exhibit water-powered movement and thus eliminate the need for toxic fuels, and that display optimal biocompatibility and biodegradability, are attracting attention. In this review, we summarized the recent microarchitectural design of Mg-based micromotors for biomedical applications. We also highlight the mechanism for realizing their water-powered motility. Furthermore, recent biomedical and environmental applications of Mg-based micromotors are introduced. We envision that advanced Mg-based micromotors will have a profound impact in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Boyu Qin
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Sihan Gao
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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4
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Nedyalkova M, Russo G, Loche P, Lattuada M. Revealing the Formation Dynamics of Janus Polymer Particles: Insights from Experiments and Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7453-7463. [PMID: 38033045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Seeded emulsion polymerization is one of the best-known methods for preparing polymer particles with a controlled size, composition, and shape. It first requires the preparation of seed particles, which are then swollen with additional monomer (the same as the one used for the seed or a different one), to either increase the seed's size or change its morphology. The use of surfactants plays a central role in guaranteeing the required colloidal stability and contributing to the final shape and structure of the particles by lowering the interfacial energy between the polymer of the seed and the added monomer. We here study the polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of polystyrene seed particles at various surfactant concentrations in the presence and absence of a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate). We first show experimentally that the morphology of the colloidal particles can be tuned from Janus to core-shell, depending on the presence or absence of surfactant on the seeds particles' surface. Furthermore, using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the mechanism and behavior of the surfactants during the first stages of the polymerization process. We use a newly developed approach based on contact statistical analysis to confirm the critical role played by the organization of surfactant molecules on the surface of the seed particles in dictating the final particle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Nedyalkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Russo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Philip Loche
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, IMX, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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5
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Song YR, Song ZW, Wu JK, Li ZY, Gu XF, Wang C, Wang L, Liang JG. Focus on the performance enhancement of micro/nanomotor-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115686. [PMID: 37729810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) emerge as a vital candidate for biosensing due to its nano-size structure, high surface-to-area ratio, directional mobility, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization, therefore being able to detect objects with high efficiency, precision, and selectivity. The driving mode, nanostructure, materials property, preparation technique, and biosensing applications have been thoroughly discussed in publications. To promote the MNMs-based biosensors from in vitro to in vivo, it is necessary to give a comprehensive discussion from the perspective of sensing performances enhancement. However, until now, there is few reviews dedicated to the systematic discussion on the multiple performance enhancement schemes and the current challenges of MNMs-based biosensors. Bearing it in mind and based on our research experience in this field, we summarized the enhancement methods for biosensing properties such as sensitivity, selectivity, detection time, biocompatibility, simplify system operation, and environmental availability. We hope that this review provides the readers with fundamental understanding on performance enhancement schemes for MNMs-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Song
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zi-Wei Song
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jia-Kang Wu
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhe-Yi Li
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Gu
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute (LSMRI), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jun-Ge Liang
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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6
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Dutta S, Noh S, Gual RS, Chen X, Pané S, Nelson BJ, Choi H. Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:41. [PMID: 38032424 PMCID: PMC10689718 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental remediation. Metal-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion, favorable biocompatibility, and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media, efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility. A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion, utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen bubbles. This novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery applications. In addition, understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and performance. Its propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic micromotor. Here we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable micromotors. Furthermore, we describe the controlled degradation, efficient in vivo drug delivery, and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical applications. Moreover, we discuss micromotors' efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental pollutants. Finally, we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dutta
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Noh
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Roger Sanchis Gual
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiangzhong Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Wang Q, Yang S, Zhang L. Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing: Toward Intelligent Platform. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38032461 PMCID: PMC10689342 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse functionalities. Researchers are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems, enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to achieve. Over the past decade of development, significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots, employing various coordinated control and sensing approaches. This review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots, robot behavior, microrobotic manipulation, and robot-environment interactions. Providing recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing, we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments, translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shihao Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Wang H, Jing Y, Yu J, Ma B, Sui M, Zhu Y, Dai L, Yu S, Li M, Wang L. Micro/nanorobots for remediation of water resources and aquatic life. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1312074. [PMID: 38026904 PMCID: PMC10666170 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1312074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, global water scarcity is becoming a pressing issue, and the discharge of various pollutants leads to the biological pollution of water bodies, which further leads to the poisoning of living organisms. Consequently, traditional water treatment methods are proving inadequate in addressing the growing demands of various industries. As an effective and eco-friendly water treatment method, micro/nanorobots is making significant advancements. Based on researches conducted between 2019 and 2023 in the field of water pollution using micro/nanorobots, this paper comprehensively reviews the development of micro/nanorobots in water pollution control from multiple perspectives, including propulsion methods, decontamination mechanisms, experimental techniques, and water monitoring. Furthermore, this paper highlights current challenges and provides insights into the future development of the industry, providing guidance on biological water pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yizhan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiuzheng Yu
- Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Engineering Laboratory of Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Field, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingyang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lizhou Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shimin Yu
- College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Lu X, Bao J, Wei Y, Zhang S, Liu W, Wu J. Emerging Roles of Microrobots for Enhancing the Sensitivity of Biosensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2902. [PMID: 37947746 PMCID: PMC10650336 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing needs of point-of-care testing in clinical diagnosis and daily health monitoring, numerous cutting-edge techniques have emerged to upgrade current portable biosensors with higher sensitivity, smaller size, and better intelligence. In particular, due to the controlled locomotion characteristics in the micro/nano scale, microrobots can effectively enhance the sensitivity of biosensors by disrupting conventional passive diffusion into an active enrichment during the test. In addition, microrobots are ideal to create biosensors with functions of on-demand delivery, transportation, and multi-objective detections with the capability of actively controlled motion. In this review, five types of portable biosensors and their integration with microrobots are critically introduced. Microrobots can enhance the detection signal in fluorescence intensity and surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection via the active enrichment. The existence and quantity of detection substances also affect the motion state of microrobots for the locomotion-based detection. In addition, microrobots realize the indirect detection of the bio-molecules by functionalizing their surfaces in the electrochemical current and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detections. We pay a special focus on the roles of microrobots with active locomotion to enhance the detection performance of portable sensors. At last, perspectives and future trends of microrobots in biosensing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (J.B.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.)
- Biomedical Engineering Fusion Laboratory, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jinhui Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (J.B.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.)
- Biomedical Engineering Fusion Laboratory, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (J.B.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.)
- Biomedical Engineering Fusion Laboratory, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (J.B.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
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Cui H, Pan W, Li T, Shen X, Chang Y, Pang W, Duan X. Rapid purification and enrichment of viral particles using self-propelled micromotors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17105-17112. [PMID: 37850316 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02812g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus infections remain one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current gold standard approach for diagnosing pathogens requires access to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology. However, separation and enrichment of the targets from complex and diluted samples remains a major challenge. In this work, we proposed a micromotor-based sample preparation concept for the efficient separation and concentration of target viral particles before PCR. The micromotors are functionalized with antibodies with a 3D polymer linker and are capable of self-propulsion by the catalytic generation of oxygen bubbles for selective and positive virus enrichment. This strategy significantly improves the enrichment efficiency and recovery rate of virus (up to 80% at 104 tu mL-1 in a 1 mL volume within just 6 min) without external mixing equipment. The method allows the Ct value in regular PCR tests to appear 6-7 cycles earlier and a detection limit of 1 tu mL-1 for the target virus from swap samples. A point-of-need test kit is designed based on the micromotors which can be readily applied to pretreat a large volume of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Tiechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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11
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Jiang L, Liu X, Zhao D, Guo J, Ma X, Wang Y. Intelligent sensing based on active micro/nanomotors. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8897-8915. [PMID: 37667977 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In the microscopic world, synthetic micro/nanomotors (MNMs) can convert a variety of energy sources into driving forces to help humans perform a number of complex tasks with greater ease and efficiency. These tiny machines have attracted tremendous attention in the field of drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery, in vivo sampling, and environmental management. By modifying their surface materials and functionalizing them with bioactive agents, these MNMs can also be transformed into dynamic micro/nano-biosensors that can detect biomolecules in real-time with high sensitivity. The extensive range of operations and uses combined with their minuscule size have opened up new avenues for tackling intricate analytical difficulties. Here, in this review, various driving methods are briefly introduced, followed by a focus on intelligent detection techniques based on MNMs. And we discuss the distinctive advantages, current issues, and challenges associated with MNM-based intelligent detection. It is believed that the future advancements of MNMs will greatly impact the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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12
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Han Y, Kim H. Fabrication of Versatile Janus Microparticles through Geometry and Surface Chemistry Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13695-13704. [PMID: 37708347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic Janus particles typically comprise two distinct hemispheres with spatially dispersed physicochemical properties. The anisotropic structure and physicochemical properties of Janus particles can be exploited for various applications. However, their preparation typically requires complex and sophisticated processes and expensive equipment to control the formation of different structures and chemical compositions. Herein, a simple synthetic approach for the facile fabrication of versatile Janus particles with efficient control of the Janus ratio and wettability based on particle fixation at a three-phase interface and photopolymerization is reported. Agarose gel and surfactant are used to control the surface-coated boundaries of the Janus particles through the equilibrium of a floating microparticle at the fluid interface. poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) coating on polystyrene-based microparticles allows easy control of the chemical functionality of the particle surfaces. Depending on the particle morphology and wettability, the interfacial behavior between two immiscible liquids can be adjusted, which allows the stabilization of Pickering emulsions that encapsulate independent oil droplets in water or vice versa. This facile approach has the potential to enable more efficient mass production of Janus particles and their use in various applications, such as biomedical and environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Zheng L, Hart N, Zeng Y. Micro-/nanoscale robotics for chemical and biological sensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3741-3767. [PMID: 37496448 PMCID: PMC10530003 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00404j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of micro-/nanorobotics has attracted extensive interest from a variety of research communities and witnessed enormous progress in a broad array of applications ranging from basic research to global healthcare and to environmental remediation and protection. In particular, micro-/nanoscale robots provide an enabling platform for the development of next-generation chemical and biological sensing modalities, owing to their unique advantages as programmable, self-sustainable, and/or autonomous mobile carriers to accommodate and promote physical and chemical processes. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art development in this area and share our perspective in the future trend. This review starts with a general introduction of micro-/nanorobotics and the commonly used methods for propulsion of micro-/nanorobots in solution, along with the commonly used methods in their fabrication. Next, we comprehensively summarize the current status of the micro/nanorobotic research in relevance to chemical and biological sensing (e.g., motion-based sensing, optical sensing, and electrochemical sensing). Following that, we provide an overview of the primary challenges currently faced in the micro-/nanorobotic research. Finally, we conclude this review by providing our perspective detailing the future application of soft robotics in chemical and biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Nathan Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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Cai L, Xu D, Zhang Z, Li N, Zhao Y. Tailoring Functional Micromotors for Sensing. RESEARCH 2023; 6:0044. [PMID: 37040517 PMCID: PMC10078326 DOI: 10.34133/research.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors are identified as a promising candidate in the field of sensing benefiting from their capacity of autonomous movement. Here, a review on the development of tailoring micromotors for sensing is presented, covering from their propulsion mechanisms and sensing strategies to applications. First, we concisely summarize the propulsion mechanism of micromotors involving fuel-based propulsion and fuel-free propulsion introducing their principles. Then, emphasis is laid to the sensing stratagems of the micromotors including speed-based sensing strategy, fluorescence-based sensing strategy, and other strategies. We listed typical examples of different sensing stratagems. After that, we introduce the applications of micromotors in sensing fields including environmental science, food safety, and biomedical fields. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of the micromotors tailored for sensing. We believe that this comprehensive review can help readers to catch the research frontiers in the field of sensing and thus to burst out new ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zeyou Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
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15
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Popescu MN, Gáspár S. Analyte Sensing with Catalytic Micromotors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:45. [PMID: 36671880 PMCID: PMC9856142 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic micromotors can be used to detect molecules of interest in several ways. The straightforward approach is to use such motors as sensors of their "fuel" (i.e., of the species consumed for self-propulsion). Another way is in the detection of species which are not fuel but still modulate the catalytic processes facilitating self-propulsion. Both of these require analysis of the motion of the micromotors because the speed (or the diffusion coefficient) of the micromotors is the analytical signal. Alternatively, catalytic micromotors can be used as the means to enhance mass transport, and thus increase the probability of specific recognition events in the sample. This latter approach is based on "classic" (e.g., electrochemical) analytical signals and does not require an analysis of the motion of the micromotors. Together with a discussion of the current limitations faced by sensing concepts based on the speed (or diffusion coefficient) of catalytic micromotors, we review the findings of the studies devoted to the analytical performances of catalytic micromotor sensors. We conclude that the qualitative (rather than quantitative) analysis of small samples, in resource poor environments, is the most promising niche for the catalytic micromotors in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail N. Popescu
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1065, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Szilveszter Gáspár
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
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Liu T, Xie L, Price CAH, Liu J, He Q, Kong B. Controlled propulsion of micro/nanomotors: operational mechanisms, motion manipulation and potential biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:10083-10119. [PMID: 36416191 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by natural mobile microorganisms, researchers have developed micro/nanomotors (MNMs) that can autonomously move by transducing different kinds of energies into kinetic energy. The rapid development of MNMs has created tremendous opportunities for biomedical fields including diagnostics, therapeutics, and theranostics. Although the great progress has been made in MNM research, at a fundamental level, the accepted propulsion mechanisms are still a controversial matter. In practical applications such as precision nanomedicine, the precise control of the motion, including the speed and directionality, of MNMs is also important, which makes advanced motion manipulation desirable. Very recently, diverse MNMs with different propulsion strategies, morphologies, sizes, porosities and chemical structures have been fabricated and applied for various uses. Herein, we thoroughly summarize the physical principles behind propulsion strategies, as well as the recent advances in motion manipulation methods and relevant biomedical applications of these MNMs. The current challenges in MNM research are also discussed. We hope this review can provide a bird's eye overview of the MNM research and inspire researchers to create novel and more powerful MNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. .,DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Cameron-Alexander Hurd Price
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Jian Liu
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK. .,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. .,Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
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Dan J, Shi S, Sun H, Su Z, Liang Y, Wang J, Zhang W. Micro/nanomotor technology: the new era for food safety control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2032-2052. [PMID: 36094420 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food poisoning caused by eating contaminated food remains a threat to global public health. Making the situation even worse is the aggravated global environmental pollution, which poses a major threat to the safety of agricultural resources. Food adulteration has been rampant owing to negligent national food safety regulations. The speed at which contaminated food is detected and disposed of determines the extent to which consumers' lives are safeguarded and agricultural economic losses are prevented. Micro/nanomotors offer a high-speed mobile loading platform that substantially increases the chemical reaction rates and, accordingly, exhibit great potential as alternatives to conventional detection and degradation techniques. This review summarizes the propulsion modes applicable to micro/nanomotors in food systems and the advantages of using micro/nanomotors, highlighting examples of their potential use in recent years for the detection and removal of food contaminants. Micro/nanomotors are an emerging technology for food applications that is moving toward mass production, simple preparation, and important functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zehui Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanmin Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Fang D, Tang S, Wu Z, Chen C, Wan M, Mao C, Zhou M. Electrochemical sensor based on micromotor technology for detection of Ox-LDL in whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114682. [PMID: 36115124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Detecting the concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in whole blood is of great significance for monitoring the development of atherosclerosis. In order to simplify the complex processing steps of blood sample before the detection, an electrochemical sensor based on micromotor technology was designed, which was called magnesium (Mg)-Fe3O4@ prussian blue (PB)@ antibody of Ox-LDL (Ab)@ bovine serum albumin (BSA). The active capture of Ox-LDL in whole blood can be realized by the help of the movement of Mg microsphere with the driving force of H2. Then the captured Ox-LDL was collected on the surface of the magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) by self-made funnel device, and the content of Ox-LDL was detected by electrochemical workstation in the way of chronoamperometry (i-t). Due to the application of micromotor, the electrochemical sensor proposed in this study had good detection efficiency for Ox-LDL in whole blood with range from 1 × 10-2 μg/mL to 10 μg/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) towards Ox-LDL was 9.80 × 10-4 μg/mL. The electrochemical sensor based on micromotor technology provides a rapid, effective, and sensitive method for the detection of Ox-LDL in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Shuwan Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chenglong Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Quantitative Analysis of Drag Force for Task-Specific Micromachine at Low Reynolds Numbers. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071134. [PMID: 35888951 PMCID: PMC9317653 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors have spread widely in order to meet the needs of new applications, including cell operation, drug delivery, biosensing, precise surgery and environmental decontamination, due to their small size, low energy consumption and large propelling power, especially the newly designed multifunctional micromotors that combine many extra shape features in one device. Features such as rod-like receptors, dendritic biosensors and ball-like catalyzing enzymes are added to the outer surface of the tubular micromotor during fabrication to perform their special mission. However, the structural optimization of motion performance is still unclear. The main factor restricting the motion performance of the micromotors is the drag forces. The complex geometry of a micromotor makes its dynamic behavior more complicated in a fluid environment. This study aimed to design the optimum structure of tubular micromotors with minimum drag forces and obtain the magnitude of drag forces considering both the internal and external fluids of the micromotors. By using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 18.0 (ANSYS), the drag force and the drag coefficient of different conical micromotors were calculated. Moreover, the influence of the Reynolds numbers Re, the semi-cone angle δ and the ratios ξ and η on the drag coefficient was analyzed. The results show the drag force monotonically increased with Reynolds numbers Re and the ratio η. The extreme point of the drag curve is reached when the semi-cone angle δ is 8° and the ratio ξ is 3.846. This work provides theoretical support and guidance for optimizing the design and development of conical micromotors.
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Yuan S, Wang J, Xiang Y, Zheng S, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhu X, Zhang Y. Shedding Light on Luminescent Janus Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Photoluminescence and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200020. [PMID: 35429137 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent Janus nanoparticles refer to a special category of Janus-based nanomaterials that not only exhibit dual-asymmetric surface nature but also attractive optical properties. The introduction of luminescence has endowed conventional Janus nanoparticles with many alluring light-responsive functionalities and broadens their applications in imaging, sensing, nanomotors, photo-based therapy, etc. The past few decades have witnessed significant achievements in this field. This review first summarizes well-established strategies to design and prepare luminescent Janus nanoparticles and then discusses optical properties of luminescent Janus nanoparticles based on downconversion and upconversion photoluminescence mechanisms. Various emerging applications of luminescent Janus nanoparticles are also introduced. Finally, opportunities and future challenges are highlighted with respect to the development of next-generation luminescent Janus nanoparticles with diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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21
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Li H, Li Y, Liu J, He Q, Wu Y. Asymmetric colloidal motors: from dissymmetric nanoarchitectural fabrication to efficient propulsion strategy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7444-7459. [PMID: 35546337 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Janus colloidal motors (JCMs) are versatile anisotropic particles that can effectively move autonomously based on their asymmetric structures, providing unlimited possibilities for various tasks. Developing novel JCMs with controllable size, engineered nanostructure and functionalized surface properties has always been a challenge for chemists. This review summarizes the recent progress in synthesized JCMs in terms of their fabrication method, propulsion strategy, and biomedical applications. The design options, construction methods, and typical examples of JCMs are presented. Common propulsion mechanisms of JCMs are reviewed, as well as the approaches to control their motion under complex microscopic conditions based on symmetry-breaking strategies. The precisely controlled motion enables JCMs to be used in biomedicine, environmental remediation, analytical sensing and nanoengineering. Finally, perspectives on future research and development are presented. Through ingenious design and multi-functionality, new JCM-based technologies could address more and more special needs in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 XiDaZhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 XiDaZhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 XiDaZhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 XiDaZhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 XiDaZhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
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22
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Zhang X, Ge Y, Liu M, Pei Y, He P, Song W, Zhang S. DNA-Au Janus Nanoparticles for In Situ SERS Detection and Targeted Chemo-photodynamic Synergistic Therapy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7823-7832. [PMID: 35603574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer theranostics is of great significance in the personalized therapy. In this work, stable Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) containing PEG and two kinds of DNAs were prepared by means of "click chemistry". In response to ATP or acid condition, the prepared JNPs could form Au NP dimers, which facilitate in situ SERS detection and SERS imaging analysis of cancer cells due to the formation of "hot spots" in the nanogap between the Au NP dimers. A detection limit of 2.3 × 10-9 M was obtained for ATP. As for a pH sensor, the SERS signals increased with the decrease of pH value from 8.0 to 4.0. In situ monitoring of ATP or acid condition in cancer cells by SERS can improve the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis. Moreover, drugs and photosensitizers loaded on the other side of JNPs led to the chemotherapy/photodynamic therapy synergistic antitumor effect, which was verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Given the excellent performance in SERS detection and cancer therapy, the developed JNPs hold considerable potential in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Ge
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Yujiao Pei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Peng He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Weiling Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong; and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
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Fiorito S, Soni N, Silvestri N, Brescia R, Gavilán H, Conteh JS, Mai BT, Pellegrino T. Fe 3 O 4 @Au@Cu 2-x S Heterostructures Designed for Tri-Modal Therapy: Photo- Magnetic Hyperthermia and 64 Cu Radio-Insertion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200174. [PMID: 35294104 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, the synthesis and proof of exploitation of three-material inorganic heterostructures made of iron oxide-gold-copper sulfide (Fe3 O4 @Au@Cu2-x S) are reported. Starting with Fe3 O4 -Au dumbbell heterostructure as seeds, a third Cu2-x S domain is selectively grown on the Au domain. The as-synthesized trimers are transferred to water by a two-step ligand exchange procedure exploiting thiol-polyethylene glycol to coordinate Au and Cu2-x S surfaces and polycatechol-polyethylene glycol to bind the Fe3 O4 surface. The saline stable trimers possess multi-functional properties: the Fe3 O4 domain, of appropriate size and crystallinity, guarantees optimal heating losses in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) under magnetic field conditions of clinical use. These trimers have indeed record values of specific adsorption rate among the inorganic-heterostructures so far reported. The presence of Au and Cu2-x S domains ensures a large adsorption which falls in the first near-infrared (NIR) biological window and is here exploited, under laser excitation at 808 nm, to produce photo-thermal heat alone or in combination with MHT obtained from the Fe3 O4 domain. Finally, an intercalation protocol with radioactive 64 Cu ions is developed on the Cu2-x S domain, reaching high radiochemical yield and specific activity making the Fe3 O4 @Au@Cu2-x S trimers suitable as carriers for 64 Cu in internal radiotherapy (iRT) and traceable by positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fiorito
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Nisarg Soni
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Niccolo' Silvestri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Helena Gavilán
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - John S Conteh
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Binh T Mai
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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An immunoassay based on nanomotor-assisted electrochemical response for the detection of immunoglobulin. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:47. [PMID: 34988714 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An immunoassay strategy has been developed based on nanomotor-assisted electrochemical measurements for simple and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin (IgG). The self-propelled Fe3O4@SiO2/Pt nanomotors were designed to label primary antibodies IgG (nanomotor-label) for the "on-the-fly" binding of the immune-protein. The core shell Au@Ag nanocubes (Au@Ag NCs) were used as labels of secondary antibodies (Au@Ag NCs-Ab2) to amplify electrochemical signal related to antigen concentration derived from the oxidation of Ag. The self-propelled nanomotors autonomously move in the solution to cruise and capture IgG and Au@Ag NCs-Ab2, resulting in the self-assembly of sandwich immune-complex. Finally, the immune-complex with magnetism can be transferred and modified on the electrode for the detection of IgG via differential pulse voltammetry. The self-propelled motion of the nanomotor-label obviates common procedures for the self-assembly of sandwich immunosensors to achieve satisfactory analysis results. With advantages of automation and miniaturization, the strategy based on self-propelled nanomotor-labels explores an effective method for the simple and sensitive detection of immune-protein in biosensing.
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Qiu J, Nguyen QN, Lyu Z, Wang Q, Xia Y. Bimetallic Janus Nanocrystals: Syntheses and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2102591. [PMID: 34648198 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Janus nanocrystals have received considerable interest in recent years owing to their unique properties and niche applications. The side-by-side distribution of two distinct metals provides a flexible platform for tailoring the optical and catalytic properties of nanocrystals. First, a brief introduction to the structural features of bimetallic Janus nanocrystals, followed by an extensive discussion of the synthetic approaches, is given. The strategies and experimental controls for achieving the Janus structure, as well as the mechanistic understandings, are specifically discussed. Then, a number of intriguing properties and applications enabled by the Janus nanocrystals are highlighted. Finally, this article is concluded with future directions and outlooks with respect to both syntheses and applications of this new class of functional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Quynh N Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zhiheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Qiuxiang Wang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Jurado-Sánchez B, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM, Escarpa A. Janus particles and motors: unrivaled devices for mastering (bio)sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:416. [PMID: 34757512 PMCID: PMC8579181 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Janus particles are a unique type of materials combining two different functionalities in a single unit. This allows the combination of different analytical properties leading to new analytical capabilities, i.e., enhanced fluid mixing to increase sensitivity with targeting capturing abilities and unique advantages in terms of multi-functionality and versatility of modification, use, and operation both in static and dynamic modes. The aim of this conceptual review is to cover recent (over the last 5 years) advances in the use of Janus microparticles and micromotors in (bio)-sensing. First, the role of different materials and synthetic routes in the performance of Janus particles are described. In a second main section, electrochemical and optical biosensing based on Janus particles and motors are covered, including in vivo and in vitro methodologies as the next biosensing generation. Current challenges and future perspectives are provided in the conclusions section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
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Lu X, Wei Y, Ou H, Zhao C, Shi L, Liu W. Universal Control for Micromotor Swarms with a Hybrid Sonoelectrode. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104516. [PMID: 34608753 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enabled by active motion of microrobots, conventional biological detection and chemical analyses limited by passive diffusion can be significantly enhanced with fast testing speed and unique sensitiveness. However, controlled release and precise enrichment of microrobot swarms are still difficult to accomplish and thus prohibit them away from practical applications. Here, an efficient and versatile strategy utilizing a needle-shaped hybrid sonoelectrode to disperse and aggregate distinct micromotors is presented, remarkably accelerating mass transfer and enhancing the signal intensity. Hydrogen bubbles generated at the tip of charged electrode can oscillate as actuated by the acoustic field, creating intensified vortexes to disperse micromotors spontaneously. Via removing the attached bubble, the sonoelectrode serving as solid needle isolator is capable of collecting micromotors in a large scale with acoustic streaming in the working reservoir at higher ultrasound frequency. Numerical calculation reveals the streaming profiles with/without microbubbles, and manipulations on classic spherical and tubular micromotor models confirm that the acoustic-powered prototype device is effective for controlling different swarming behaviors in microfluidic channels. Overall, the proposed hybrid sonoelectrode offers a universal and rapid strategy to tailor micromotor swarm behaviors, advancing intelligent microrobots to be featured with active enrichment and compatible for next-generation sensitive portable detection microsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Huan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Lukai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
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Zhang K, Ren Y, Jiang T, Jiang H. Flexible fabrication of lipophilic-hydrophilic micromotors by off-chip photopolymerization of three-phase immiscible flow induced Janus droplet templates. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1182:338955. [PMID: 34602209 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-propelled microparticles are promising for lots of applications ranging from analytical detection to water treatment. Herein, we present an effective approach to fabricate lipophilic-hydrophilic micromotors via the photocuring of three-phase immiscible flow induced droplet templates. In the microfluidic system, two immiscible inner fluids, the lipophilic 1, 6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), and the hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), are simultaneously injected into a theta-shaped cylindrical capillary from two separate inlets, and they are emulsified into Janus drops when encountering the outer immiscible silicone oil. Because of the immiscible feature of droplet templates, off-chip photopolymerization strategy has been used, which can significantly decrease the blocking chance of microdevice. And also, the lipophilic-hydrophilic structure of droplets is convenient for the loading of cargos with different characteristics. More importantly, the size and configuration of droplet templates can be flexibly regulated by changing the flow rates of three different phases. Accordingly, multifunctional micromotors can be fabricated by adding different nanoparticles and materials into the HDDA or PEGDA phase first and then photocuring the droplets. Taking the bubble-propelled micromotors for example, we prepare microswimmers by loading Ag, TiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles into the PEGDA phase. The swimming behaviors of micromotors in H2O2 solution are systematically investigated, finding that the proportion of PEGDA phase and the concentration of H2O2 both positively affect the moving speed. Furthermore, the applicability of motor particles on water treatment is successfully demonstrated by using neutral red solution as the model pollutant. And the micromotors can be recycled using magnets after the catalytic degradation process. Therefore, this micromotor generation technique and this kind of micromotor can be attractive for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China.
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China.
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Salinas G, Tieriekhov K, Garrigue P, Sojic N, Bouffier L, Kuhn A. Lorentz Force-Driven Autonomous Janus Swimmers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12708-12714. [PMID: 34343427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous swimmers have been intensively studied in recent years due to their numerous potential applications in many areas ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. Their motion is based either on different self-propulsion mechanisms or on the use of various external stimuli. Herein, the synergy between the ion flux around self-electrophoretic Mg/Pt Janus swimmers and an external magnetic field is proposed as an efficient alternative mechanism to power swimmers on the basis of the resulting Lorentz force. A strong magnetohydrodynamic effect is observed due to the orthogonal combination of magnetic field and spontaneous ionic currents, leading to an increase of the swimmer speed by up to 2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the trajectory of the self-propelled swimmers can be controlled by the orientation of the magnetic field, due to the presence of an additional torque force caused by a horizontal cation flux along the swimmer edges, resulting in predictable clockwise or anticlockwise motion. In addition, this effect is independent of the swimmer size, since a similar type of rotational motion is observed for macro- and microscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | | | - Patrick Garrigue
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, F-33607 Pessac, France
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Liu Q, Meng S, Zheng T, Liu Y, Ma X, Feng H. Alkaline-Driven Liquid Metal Janus Micromotor with a Coating Material-Dependent Propulsion Mechanism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35897-35904. [PMID: 34296849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors have achieved huge progress in driving power divergence and accurate maneuver manipulations in the last two decades. However, there are still several obstacles to the potential biomedical applications, with respect to their biotoxicity and biocompatibility. Gallium- and indium-based liquid metal (LM) alloys are outstanding candidates for solving these issues due to their good biocompatibility and low biotoxicity. Hereby, we fabricate LM Janus micromotors (LMJMs) through ultrasonically dispersing GaInSn LM into microparticles and sputtering different materials as demanded to tune their moving performance. These LMJMs can move in alkaline solution due to the reaction between Ga and NaOH. There are two driving mechanisms when sputtering materials are metallic or nonmetallic. One is self-electrophoresis when sputtering materials are metallic, and the other one is self-diffusiophoresis when sputtering materials are nonmetallic. Our LMJMs can flip between those two modes by varying the deposited materials. The self-electrophoresis-driven LMJMs' moving speed is much faster than the self-diffusiophoresis-driven LMJMs' speed. The reason is that the former occurs galvanic corrosion reaction, while the latter is correlated to chemical corrosion reaction. The switching of the driving mechanism of the LMJMs can be used to fit into different biochemical application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuaishuai Meng
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital & Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yaming Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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Shivalkar S, Gautam PK, Chaudhary S, Samanta SK, Sahoo AK. Recent development of autonomously driven micro/nanobots for efficient treatment of polluted water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111750. [PMID: 33434762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Autonomously propelled micro/nanobots are one of the most advanced and integrated structures which have been fascinated researchers owing to its exceptional property that enables them to be carried out user-defined tasks more precisely even on an atomic scale. The unique architecture and engineering aspects of these manmade tiny devices make them viable options for widespread biomedical applications. Moreover, recent development in this line of interest demonstrated that micro/nanobots would be very promising for the water treatment as these can efficiently absorb or degrade the toxic chemicals from the polluted water based on their tunable surface chemistry. These auto propelled micro/nanobots catalytically degrade toxic pollutants into non-hazardous compounds more rapidly and effectively. Thus, for the last few decades, nanobots mediated water treatment gaining huge popularity due to its ease of operation and scope of guided motion that could be monitored by various external fields and stimuli. Also, these are economical, energy-saving, and suitable for large scale water treatment, particularly required for industrial effluents. However, the efficacy of these bots hugely relies on its design, characteristic of materials, properties of the medium, types of fuel, and surface functional groups. Minute variation for one of these things may lead to a change in its performance and hinders its dynamics of propulsion. It is deemed that nanobots might be a smart choice for using these as the new generation devices for treating industrial effluents before discharging it in the water bodies, which is a major concern for human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shivalkar
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Devghat, Prayagraj, UP, 211015, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Gautam
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Devghat, Prayagraj, UP, 211015, India
| | - Shrutika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, 226026, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Devghat, Prayagraj, UP, 211015, India.
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Devghat, Prayagraj, UP, 211015, India.
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Liu X, Wang Y, Gao Y, Song Y. Gas-propelled biosensors for quantitative analysis. Analyst 2021; 146:1115-1126. [PMID: 33459312 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gas-propelled biosensors display a simple gas-based signal amplification with quantitative detection features based on the target recognition event in combination with gas propulsion. Due to the liquid-gas conversion, the gas not only pushes the ink bar forward in the microchannel, but also serves as the power to propel the micromotors in the liquid. Thus, this continuous motion leads to a shift in distances which is associated with the target amount. Therefore, gas-propelled biosensors provide a visual quantification based on distance or speed signals without the need for expensive instruments. In this review, we focus on current developments in gas-propelled biosensors for quantitative analysis. First, we list the types of gas utilized as actuators in biosensors. Second, we review the representative gas-propelled biosensors, including the propulsion mechanisms and fabrication methods. Moreover, gas-propelled quantification based on distance and speed is summarized. Finally, we cover applications and provide a future perspective of gas-propelled biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Liu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Xu P, Yu Y, Li T, Chen H, Wang Q, Wang M, Wan M, Mao C. Near-infrared-driven fluorescent nanomotors for detection of circulating tumor cells in whole blood. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1129:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xu H, Medina‐Sánchez M, Schmidt OG. Magnetic Micromotors for Multiple Motile Sperm Cells Capture, Transport, and Enzymatic Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15029-15037. [PMID: 32392393 PMCID: PMC7496921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An integrated system combining a magnetically-driven micromotor and a synthetized protein-based hyaluronic acid (HA) microflake is presented for the in situ selection and transport of multiple motile sperm cells (ca. 50). The system appeals for targeted sperm delivery in the reproductive system to assist fertilization or to deliver drugs. The binding mechanism between the HA microflake and sperm relies on the interactions between HA and the corresponding sperm HA receptors. Once sperm are captured within the HA microflake, the assembly is trapped and transported by a magnetically-driven helical microcarrier. The trapping of the sperm-microflake occurs by a local vortex induced by the microcarrier during rotation-translation under a rotating magnetic field. After transport, the microflake is enzymatically hydrolyzed by local proteases, allowing sperm to escape and finally reach the target location. This cargo-delivery system represents a new concept to transport not only multiple motile sperm but also other actively moving biological cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xu
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Mariana Medina‐Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative NanosciencesLeibniz IFW DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN)TU ChemnitzRosenbergstraße 609126ChemnitzGermany
- School of ScienceTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
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Salinas G, Dauphin AL, Voci S, Bouffier L, Sojic N, Kuhn A. Asymmetry controlled dynamic behavior of autonomous chemiluminescent Janus microswimmers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7438-7443. [PMID: 34123025 PMCID: PMC8159428 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetrically modified Janus microparticles are presented as autonomous light emitting swimmers. The localized dissolution of hybrid magnesium/polymer objects allows combining chemiluminescence with the spontaneous production of H2 bubbles, and thus generating directed motion. These light-emitting microswimmers are synthesized by using a straightforward methodology based on bipolar electromilling, followed by indirect bipolar electrodeposition of an electrophoretic paint. An optimization of the experimental parameters enables in the first step the formation of well-defined isotropic or anisotropic Mg microparticles. Subsequently, they are asymmetrically modified by wireless deposition of an anodic paint. The degree of asymmetry of the resulting Janus particles can be fine-tuned, leading to a controlled directional motion due to anisotropic gas formation. This autonomous motion is coupled with the emission of bright orange light when Ru(bpy)32+ and S2O82− are present in the solution as chemiluminescent reagents. The light emission is based on an original process of interfacial redox-induced chemiluminescence, thus allowing an easy visualization of the swimmer trajectories. Asymmetrically modified Janus microparticles are presented as autonomous light emitting swimmers with shape-controlled trajectories.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alice L Dauphin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Silvia Voci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
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36
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Xu H, Medina‐Sánchez M, Schmidt OG. Magnetic Micromotors for Multiple Motile Sperm Cells Capture, Transport, and Enzymatic Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Mariana Medina‐Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN) TU Chemnitz Rosenbergstraße 6 09126 Chemnitz Germany
- School of Science TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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37
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Salinas G, Dauphin AL, Colin C, Villani E, Arbault S, Bouffier L, Kuhn A. Chemo‐ and Magnetotaxis of Self‐Propelled Light‐Emitting Chemo‐electronic Swimmers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alice L. Dauphin
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Camille Colin
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Elena Villani
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
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38
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Salinas G, Dauphin AL, Colin C, Villani E, Arbault S, Bouffier L, Kuhn A. Chemo‐ and Magnetotaxis of Self‐Propelled Light‐Emitting Chemo‐electronic Swimmers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7508-7513. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alice L. Dauphin
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Camille Colin
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Elena Villani
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. BordeauxCNRS UMR 5255Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP 33607 Pessac France
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39
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Wei G, Yan Z, Tian J, Zhao G, Guang S, Xu H. Efficient Polymer Pendant Approach toward High Stable Organic Fluorophore for Sensing Ultratrace Hg 2+ with Improved Biological Compatibility and Cell Permeability. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3293-3301. [PMID: 31973517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient method to eliminate the aggregation effect of organic photoelectric sensing materials and to improve biological compatibility and cell permeability as well was developed by hanging organic fluorophores on a polymer chain, for example, fluorescein fluorophores had been controllably hung on polyacrylamide main chains with a 1:2 stoichiometric ratio by a simple copolymerization strategy. The results showed that introduction of water-soluble bioactive polyacrylamide main chains into fluorescein fluorophores via covalent bonds could effectively improve their optical stability by deteriorating π-π stack and charge-transfer interactions among different fluorophores. More importantly, the resultant materials possessed low toxicity and excellent cell permeability ten times larger than their precursor fluorescein fluorophore, which made it express an especially turn-on fluorescent response to ultratrace Hg2+ both in aqueous and living cells by forming stable 5-member-ring complexes with Hg2+ with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and a low detection limit of 4.0 × 10-10 mol·L-1. This work provides promising insight into constructing some practical sensing materials for environmentally-friendly biological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Zhengquan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , China
| | - Jiachan Tian
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement & College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Shanyi Guang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement & College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Hongyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
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Abstract
This chapter deals with the advancement of nanomaterial-based sensors in the last 10 years. The use of different types of nanomaterials, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metallic nanoparticles, was described, highlighting that graphene represents a rising star in the plethora of nanomaterials. Among the different transducers, the chapter describes the electrochemical and optical (bio)sensors, being the most promising devices. The use of materials at the nanodimension scale provides several improvements in terms of analytical features including sensitivity, rapidity of response, selectivity, and robustness, demonstrating the huge advantage of using the nanomaterials over the micromaterials in the development of smart and high-performant analytical tools.
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41
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Kong L, Rosli NF, Chia HL, Guan J, Pumera M. Self-Propelled Autonomous Mg/Pt Janus Micromotor Interaction with Human Cells. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Nur Farhanah Rosli
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hui Ling Chia
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center of Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
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42
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Pacheco M, López MÁ, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Self-propelled micromachines for analytical sensing: a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6561-6573. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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43
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Huang L, Sun DW, Pu H, Wei Q. Development of Nanozymes for Food Quality and Safety Detection: Principles and Recent Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1496-1513. [PMID: 33336906 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The public concerns about agrifood safety call for innovative and reformative analytical techniques to meet the inspection requirements of high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Enzyme-mimetic nanomaterials or nanozymes, which combine enzyme-like properties with nanoscale features, emerge as an excellent tool for quality and safety detection in the agrifood sector, due to not only their robust capacity in detection but also their attraction in future-oriented exploitations. However, in-depth understanding about the fundamental principles of nanozymes for food quality and safety detection remains limited, which makes their applications largely empirical. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, designs, and applications of nanozyme-based detection technique in the agrifood industry. The discussion mainly involves three mimicking types, that is, peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase-like nanozymes, capable of detecting major agrifood analytes. The current principles and strategies are classified and then discussed in details through discriminating the roles of nanozymes in diverse detection platforms. Thereafter, recent applications of nanozymes in detecting various endogenous ingredients and exogenous contaminants in foods are reviewed, and the outlook of profound developments are explained. Evidenced by the increasing publications, nanozyme-based detection techniques are narrowing the gap to practical-oriented food analytical methods, while some challenges in optimization of nanozymes, diversification of recognition-to-signal manners, and sustainability of methodology need to conquer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunjie Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Univ. College Dublin, Natl. Univ. of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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44
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Russell SM, Alba-Patiño A, Borges M, de la Rica R. Multifunctional motion-to-color janus transducers for the rapid detection of sepsis biomarkers in whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111346. [PMID: 31158795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Self-propelled particles are revolutionizing sensing applications thanks to a unique motion-based signal generation mechanism in which biorecognition reactions are detected as changes in the velocity of the colloids. Here a new family of self-propelled multifunctional Janus particles is introduced that enables detecting changes in particle motion colorimetrically. The particles consist of an iron oxide core that provides color and magnetism, and a Janus coating that provides biospecific recognition and locomotive properties. In this approach, biomolecular interactions trigger changes in particle motion that are detected as variations in color when spotted on a piece of paper. These variations in color are then read and quantified with a custom-made smartphone app. The high surface area and magnetism of the particles makes them ideal building blocks for developing biosensors because they allow for the rapid capture of a target molecule and the removal of non-specific interactions. Biosensors engineered with the proposed multifunctional particles were able to detect the sepsis biomarker procalcitonin at clinically relevant concentrations within 13 min in whole blood, which is faster than other approaches requiring hour-long incubation steps under controlled conditions to detect the same biomarker in purified serum. The short assay time along with the point-of-need design makes these biosensors suitable for stratifying patients according to their sepsis risk level during triage independently of resource constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Russell
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, S Building, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07021, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alejandra Alba-Patiño
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, S Building, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07021, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marcio Borges
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, S Building, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Rica
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, S Building, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07021, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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45
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Ye Y, Luan J, Wang M, Chen Y, Wilson DA, Peng F, Tu Y. Fabrication of Self‐Propelled Micro‐ and Nanomotors Based on Janus Structures. Chemistry 2019; 25:8663-8680. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug, Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug, Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 P.R. China
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University of Nijmegen Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug, Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 P.R. China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University of Nijmegen Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug, Screening Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 P.R. China
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46
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Ge H, Chen X, Liu W, Lu X, Gu Z. Metal‐Based Transient Micromotors: From Principle to Environmental and Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2348-2356. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Ge
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Department State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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47
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Kong L, Rohaizad N, Nasir MZM, Guan J, Pumera M. Micromotor-Assisted Human Serum Glucose Biosensing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5660-5666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nasuha Rohaizad
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Zafir Mohamad Nasir
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center of Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
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48
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Su YY, Zhang MJ, Wang W, Deng CF, Peng J, Liu Z, Faraj Y, Ju XJ, Xie R, Chu LY. Bubble-Propelled Hierarchical Porous Micromotors from Evolved Double Emulsions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao-Jie Zhang
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Fu Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yousef Faraj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Vong CI, Chan KF, Wu WKK, Kwong TNY, Lo NWS, Ip M, Wong SH, Sung JJY, Chiu PWY, Zhang L. Real-time tracking of fluorescent magnetic spore-based microrobots for remote detection of C. diff toxins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9650. [PMID: 30746470 PMCID: PMC6357761 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, direct, and low-cost method for detecting bacterial toxins associated with common gastrointestinal diseases remains a great challenge despite numerous studies and clinical assays. Motion-based detection through tracking the emerging micro- and nanorobots has shown great potential in chemo- and biosensing due to accelerated "chemistry on the move". Here, we described the use of fluorescent magnetic spore-based microrobots (FMSMs) as a highly efficient mobile sensing platform for the detection of toxins secreted by Clostridium difficile (C. diff) that were present in patients' stool. These microrobots were synthesized rapidly and inexpensively by the direct deposition of magnetic nanoparticles and the subsequent encapsulation of sensing probes on the porous natural spores. Because of the cooperation effect of natural spore, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and functionalized carbon nanodots, selective fluorescence detection of the prepared FMSMs is demonstrated in C. diff bacterial supernatant and even in actual clinical stool samples from infectious patients within tens of minutes, suggesting rapid response and good selectivity and sensitivity of FMSMs toward C. diff toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lidong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Ian Vong
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Fung Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William K. K. Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas N. Y. Kwong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Norman W. S. Lo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph J. Y. Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip W. Y. Chiu
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
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50
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Ying Y, Pumera M. Micro/Nanomotors for Water Purification. Chemistry 2018; 25:106-121. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ying
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 16628 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 16628 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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