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Nov P, Zheng C, Wang D, Sou S, Touch S, Kouy S, Ni P, Kou Q, Li Y, Prasai A, Fu W, Du K, Li J. Causal association between metabolites and upper gastrointestinal tumors: A Mendelian randomization study. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:212. [PMID: 39370813 PMCID: PMC11450430 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tumors, notably gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC), are significant global health concerns due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. However, only a limited number of metabolites have been identified as biomarkers for these cancers. To explore the association between metabolites and UGI tumors, the present study conducted a comprehensive two‑sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available genetic data. In the present study, the causal relationships were examined between 1,400 metabolites and UGI cancer using methods such as inverse variance weighting and weighted medians, along with sensitivity analyses for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Functional experiments were conducted to validate the MR results. The analysis identified 57 metabolites associated with EC and 58 with GC. Key metabolites included fructosyllysine [EC: Odds ratio (OR)=1.450, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.087‑1.934, P=0.011; GC: OR=1.728, 95% CI=1.202‑2.483, P=0.003], 2'‑deoxyuridine to cytidine ratio (EC: OR=1.464, 95% CI=1.111‑1.929, P=0.007; GC: OR=1.464, 95% CI=1.094‑1.957, P=0.010) and carnitine to protonylcarnitine (C3) ratio (EC: OR=0.655, 95% CI=0.499‑0.861, P=0.002; GC: OR=0.664, 95% CI=0.486‑0.906, P=0.010). Notably, fructosyllysine levels and the 2'‑deoxyuridine to cytidine ratio were identified as risk factors for both EC and GC, while the C3 ratio served as a protective factor. Functional experiments demonstrated that fructosyllysine and the 2'‑deoxyuridine to cytidine ratio promoted the proliferation of EC and GC cells, whereas carnitine inhibited their proliferation. In conclusion, the present findings provide insights into the causal factors and biomarkers associated with UGI tumors, which may be instrumental in guiding targeted dietary and pharmacological interventions, thereby contributing to the prevention and treatment of UGI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkhun Nov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Duanyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Syphanna Sou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Oncology, Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital of University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh 120110, Cambodia
| | - Socheat Touch
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Oncology, Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital of University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh 120110, Cambodia
| | - Samnang Kouy
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Oncology, Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital of University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh 120110, Cambodia
| | - Peizan Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Qianzi Kou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Arzoo Prasai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Kunpeng Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Jiqiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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Steiner K, Bermel W, Soong R, Lysak DH, Jenne A, Downey K, Wolff WW, Costa PM, Ronda K, Moxley-Paquette V, Pellizzari J, Simpson AJ. A simple 1H ( 12C/ 13C) filtered experiment to quantify and trace isotope enrichment in complex environmental and biological samples. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 361:107653. [PMID: 38471414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based 13C tracing has broad applications across medical and environmental research. As many biological and environmental samples are heterogeneous, they experience considerable spectral overlap and relatively low signal. Here a 1D 1H-12C/13C is introduced that uses "in-phase/opposite-phase" encoding to simultaneously detect and discriminate both protons attached to 12C and 13C at full 1H sensitivity in every scan. Unlike traditional approaches that focus on the 12C/13C satellite ratios in a 1H spectrum, this approach creates separate sub-spectra for the 12C and 13C bound protons. These spectra can be used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of complex samples with significant spectral overlap. Due to the presence of the 13C dipole, faster relaxation of the 1H-13C pairs results in slight underestimation compared to the 1H-12C pairs. However, this is easily compensated for, by collecting an additional reference spectrum, from which the absolute percentage of 13C can be calculated by difference. When combined with the result, 12C and 13C percent enrichment in both 1H-12C and 1H-13C fractions are obtained. As the approach uses isotope filtered 1H NMR for detection, it retains nearly the same sensitivity as a standard 1H spectrum. Here, a proof-of-concept is performed using simple mixtures of 12C and 13C glucose, followed by suspended algal cells with varying 12C /13C ratios representing a complex mixture. The results consistently return 12C/13C ratios that deviate less than 1 % on average from the expected. Finally, the sequence was used to monitor and quantify 13C% enrichment in Daphnia magna neonates which were fed a 13C diet over 1 week. The approach helped reveal how the organisms utilized the 12C lipids they are born with vs. the 13C lipids they assimilate from their diet during growth. Given the experiments simplicity, versatility, and sensitivity, we anticipate it should find broad application in a wide range of tracer studies, such as fluxomics, with applications spanning various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Steiner
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, Ettlingen 76275, Germany
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Amy Jenne
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - William W Wolff
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Peter M Costa
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kiera Ronda
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Vincent Moxley-Paquette
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jacob Pellizzari
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Zhang G, Cullen Q, Berishaj M, Deh K, Kim N, Keshari KR. [6,6'- 2 H 2 ] fructose as a deuterium metabolic imaging probe in liver cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4989. [PMID: 37336778 PMCID: PMC10585608 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection of HCC, although current methods are limited in their ability to characterize liver lesions. Most recently, deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for the imaging of metabolism in vivo. Here, we assess the metabolic flux of [6,6'-2 H2 ] fructose in cell cultures and in subcutaneous mouse models at 9.4 T. We compare these rates with the most widely used DMI probe, [6,6'-2 H2 ] glucose, exploring the possibility of developing 2 H fructose to overcome the limitations of glucose as a novel DMI probe for detecting liver tumors. Comparison of the in vitro metabolic rates implies their similar glycolytic metabolism in the TCA cycle due to comparable production rates of 2 H glutamate/glutamine (glx) for the two precursors, but overall higher glycolytic metabolism from 2 H glucose because of a higher production rate of 2 H lactate. In vivo kinetic studies suggest that HDO can serve as a robust reporter for the consumption of the precursors in liver tumors. As fructose is predominantly metabolized in the liver, deuterated water (HDO) produced from 2 H fructose is probably less contaminated from whole-body metabolism in comparison with glucose. Moreover, in studies of the normal liver, 2 H fructose is readily converted to 2 H glx, enabling the characterization of 2 H fructose kinetics. This overcomes a major limitation of previous 2 H glucose studies in the liver, which were unable to confidently discern metabolic flux due to overlapped signals of 2 H glucose and its metabolic product, 2 H glycogen. This suggests a unique role for 2 H fructose metabolism in HCC and the normal liver, making it a useful approach for assessing liver-related diseases and the progression to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Marjan Berishaj
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel Kim
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, New York, USA
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Wang KC, Lerche MH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Jensen PR. Formate Metabolism in Shigella flexneri and Its Effect on HeLa Cells at Different Stages during the Infectious Process. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0063122. [PMID: 37042762 PMCID: PMC10269805 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00631-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis caused by Shigella is one of the most important foodborne illnesses in global health, but little is known about the metabolic cross talk between this bacterial pathogen and its host cells during the different stages of the infection process. A detailed understanding of the metabolism can potentially lead to new drug targets remedying the pressing problem of antibiotic resistance. Here, we use stable isotope-resolved metabolomics as an unbiased and fast method to investigate how Shigella metabolizes 13C-glucose in three different environments: inside the host cells, adhering to the host cells, and alone in suspension. We find that especially formate metabolism by bacteria is sensitive to these different environments. The role of formate in pathogen metabolism is sparsely described in the literature compared to the roles of acetate and butyrate. However, its metabolic pathway is regarded as a potential drug target due to its production in microorganisms and its absence in humans. Our study provides new knowledge about the regulatory effect of formate. Bacterial metabolism of formate is pH dependent when studied alone in culture medium, whereas this effect is less pronounced when the bacteria adhere to the host cells. Once the bacteria are inside the host cells, we find that formate accumulation is reduced. Formate also affects the host cells resulting in a reduced infection rate. This was correlated to an increased immune response. Thus, intriguingly formate plays a double role in pathogenesis by increasing the virulence of Shigella and at the same time stimulating the immune response of the host. IMPORTANCE Bacterial infection is a pressing societal concern due to development of resistance toward known antibiotics. Central carbon metabolism has been suggested as a potential new target for drug development, but metabolic changes upon infection remain incompletely understood. Here, we used a cellular infection model to study how the bacterial pathogen Shigella adapts its metabolism depending on the environment starting from the extracellular medium until Shigella successfully invaded and proliferated inside host cells. The mixed-acid fermentation of Shigella was the major metabolic pathway during the infectious process, and the glucose-derived metabolite formate surprisingly played a divergent role in the pathogen and in the host cell. Our data show reduced infection rate when both host cells and bacteria were treated with formate, which correlated with an upregulated immune response in the host cells. The formate metabolism in Shigella thus potentially provides a route toward alternative treatment strategies for Shigella prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Chuan Wang
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Hauge Lerche
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Rose Jensen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Deng H, Gao Y, Trappetti V, Hertig D, Karatkevich D, Losmanova T, Urzi C, Ge H, Geest GA, Bruggmann R, Djonov V, Nuoffer JM, Vermathen P, Zamboni N, Riether C, Ochsenbein A, Peng RW, Kocher GJ, Schmid RA, Dorn P, Marti TM. Targeting lactate dehydrogenase B-dependent mitochondrial metabolism affects tumor initiating cells and inhibits tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer by inducing mtDNA damage. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:445. [PMID: 35877003 PMCID: PMC9314287 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Once considered a waste product of anaerobic cellular metabolism, lactate has been identified as a critical regulator of tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. The putative primary function of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) is to catalyze the conversion of lactate to pyruvate; however, its role in regulating metabolism during tumorigenesis is largely unknown. To determine whether LDHB plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, we performed 2D and 3D in vitro experiments, utilized a conventional xenograft tumor model, and developed a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which we combined an LDHB deletion allele with an inducible model of lung adenocarcinoma driven by the concomitant loss of p53 (also known as Trp53) and expression of oncogenic KRAS (G12D) (KP). Here, we show that epithelial-like, tumor-initiating NSCLC cells feature oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype that is regulated by LDHB-mediated lactate metabolism. We show that silencing of LDHB induces persistent mitochondrial DNA damage, decreases mitochondrial respiratory complex activity and OXPHOS, resulting in reduced levels of mitochondria-dependent metabolites, e.g., TCA intermediates, amino acids, and nucleotides. Inhibition of LDHB dramatically reduced the survival of tumor-initiating cells and sphere formation in vitro, which can be partially restored by nucleotide supplementation. In addition, LDHB silencing reduced tumor initiation and growth of xenograft tumors. Furthermore, we report for the first time that homozygous deletion of LDHB significantly reduced lung tumorigenesis upon the concomitant loss of Tp53 and expression of oncogenic KRAS without considerably affecting the animal's health status, thereby identifying LDHB as a potential target for NSCLC therapy. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that LDHB is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism, especially nucleotide metabolism, demonstrating that LDHB is crucial for the survival and proliferation of NSCLC tumor-initiating cells and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Deng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Damian Hertig
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darya Karatkevich
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Urzi
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huixiang Ge
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Adriaan Geest
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Remy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Ochsenbein
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Jan Kocher
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Frahm AB, Hill D, Katsikis S, Andreassen T, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Bathen TF, Moestue SA, Jensen PR, Lerche MH. Classification and biomarker identification of prostate tissue from TRAMP mice with hyperpolarized 13C-SIRA. Talanta 2021; 235:122812. [PMID: 34517669 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C isotope resolved spectroscopy boosts NMR signal intensity, which improves signal detection and allows metabolic fluxes to be analyzed. Such hyperpolarized flux data may offer new approaches to tissue classification and biomarker identification that could be translated in vivo. Here we used hyperpolarized stable isotope resolved analysis (SIRA) to measure metabolite specific 13C isotopic enrichments in the central carbon metabolism of mouse prostate. Prostate and tumor tissue samples were acquired from transgenic adenocarcinomas of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Before euthanasia, mice were injected with [U-13C]glucose intraperitoneally (i.p.). Polar metabolite extracts were prepared, and hyperpolarized 1D-13C NMR spectra were obtained from normal prostate (n = 19) and cancer tissue (n = 19) samples. Binary classification and feature analysis was performed to make a separation model and to investigate differences between samples originating from normal and cancerous prostate tissue, respectively. Hyperpolarized experiments were carried out according to a standardized protocol, which showed a high repeatability (CV = 15%) and an average linewidth in the 1D-13C NMR spectra of 2 ± 0.5 Hz. The resolution of the hyperpolarized 1D-13C spectra was high with little signal overlap in the carbonyl region and metabolite identification was easily accomplished. A discrimination with 95% success rate could be made between samples originating from TRAMP mice prostate and tumor tissue based on isotopomers from uniquely identified metabolites. Hyperpolarized 13C-SIRA allowed detailed metabolic information to be obtained from tissue specimens. The positional information of 13C isotopic enrichments lead to easily interpreted features responsible for high predictive classification of tissue types. This analytical approach has matured, and the robust experimental protocols currently available allow systematic tracking of metabolite flux ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Frahm
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Deborah Hill
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sotirios Katsikis
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siver Andreas Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Pernille Rose Jensen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Hauge Lerche
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Huang S, Guo Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhou T, You W, Pan K, Li W. A systematic review of metabolomic profiling of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 17:181-198. [PMID: 32296585 PMCID: PMC7142846 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, predominantly gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC), are malignant tumor types with high morbidity and mortality rates. Accumulating studies have focused on metabolomic profiling of UGI cancers in recent years. In this systematic review, we have provided a collective summary of previous findings on metabolites and metabolomic profiling associated with GC and EC. Methods: A systematic search of three databases (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) for molecular epidemiologic studies on the metabolomic profiles of GC and EC was conducted. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included articles. Results: A total of 52 original studies were included for review. A number of metabolites were differentially distributed between GC and EC cases and non-cases, including those involved in glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and protein and lipid metabolism. Lactic acid, glucose, citrate, and fumaric acid were among the most frequently reported metabolites of cellular respiration while glutamine, glutamate, and valine were among the most commonly reported amino acids. The lipid metabolites identified previously included saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids, aldehydes, and ketones. However, the key findings across studies to date have been inconsistent, potentially due to limited sample sizes and the majority being hospital-based case-control analyses lacking an independent replication group. Conclusions: Studies on metabolomics have thus far provided insights into etiological factors and biomarkers for UGI cancers, supporting the potential of applying metabolomic profiling in cancer prevention and management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Weicheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Kaifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical Research, Beijing 100142, China
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8
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Raja G, Jung Y, Jung SH, Kim TJ. 1H-NMR-based metabolomics for cancer targeting and metabolic engineering –A review. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Reed MAC, Roberts J, Gierth P, Kupče Ē, Günther UL. Quantitative Isotopomer Rates in Real-Time Metabolism of Cells Determined by NMR Methods. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2207-2211. [PMID: 30990951 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tracer-based metabolism is becoming increasingly important for studying metabolic mechanisms in cells. NMR spectroscopy offers several approaches to measure label incorporation in metabolites, including 13 C- and 1 H-detected spectra. The latter are generally more sensitive, but quantification depends on the proton-carbon 1 JCH coupling constant, which varies significantly between different metabolites. It is therefore not possible to have one experiment optimised for all metabolites, and quantification of 1 H-edited spectra such as HSQCs requires precise knowledge of coupling constants. Increasing interest in tracer-based and metabolic flux analysis requires robust analyses with reasonably small acquisition times. Herein, we compare 13 C-filtered and 13 C-edited methods for quantification and show the applicability of the methods for real-time NMR spectroscopy of cancer-cell metabolism, in which label incorporations are subject to constant flux. We find an approach using a double filter to be most suitable and sufficiently robust to reliably obtain 13 C incorporations from difference spectra. This is demonstrated for JJN3 multiple myeloma cells processing glucose over 24 h. The proposed method is equally well suited for calculating the level of label incorporation in labelled cell extracts in the context of metabolic flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A C Reed
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter Gierth
- Bruker (UK) Limited, Banner Lane, Coventry, CV4 9GH, UK
| | - Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker (UK) Limited, Banner Lane, Coventry, CV4 9GH, UK
| | - Ulrich L Günther
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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10
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Lane D, Skinner TE, Gershenzon NI, Bermel W, Soong R, Dutta Majumdar R, Liaghati Mobarhan Y, Schmidt S, Heumann H, Monette M, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. Assessing the potential of quantitative 2D HSQC NMR in 13C enriched living organisms. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2019; 73:31-42. [PMID: 30600417 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-018-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has great potential to interpret the biochemical response of organisms to their environment, thus making it an essential tool in understanding toxic mechanisms. However, magnetic susceptibility distortions lead to 1D NMR spectra of living organisms with lines that are too broad to identify and quantify metabolites, necessitating the use of 2D 1H-13C Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) as a primary tool. While quantitative 2D HSQC is well established, to our knowledge it has yet to be applied in vivo. This study represents a simple pilot study that compares two of the most popular quantitative 2D HSQC approaches to determine if quantitative results can be directly obtained in vivo in isotopically enriched Daphnia magna (water flea). The results show the perfect-HSQC experiment performs very well in vivo, but the decoupling scheme used is critical for accurate quantitation. An improved decoupling approach derived using optimal control theory is presented here that improves the accuracy of metabolite concentrations that can be extracted in vivo down to micromolar concentrations. When combined with 2D Electronic Reference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC) protocols, the protocol allows for the direct extraction of in vivo metabolite concentrations without the use of internal standards that can be detrimental to living organisms. Extracting absolute metabolic concentrations in vivo is an important first step and should, for example, be important for the parameterization as well as the validation of metabolic flux models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lane
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Thomas E Skinner
- Department of Physics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45735, USA
| | - Naum I Gershenzon
- Department of Physics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45735, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rudraksha Dutta Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Bruker Ltd., 2800 Highpoint Drive, Milton, ON, L9T 6P4, Canada
| | - Yalda Liaghati Mobarhan
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | | | | | - Martine Monette
- Bruker Ltd., 2800 Highpoint Drive, Milton, ON, L9T 6P4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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11
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Dong Y, Eskandari R, Ray C, Granlund KL, Santos-Cunha LD, Miloushev VZ, Tee SS, Jeong S, Aras O, Chen YB, Cheng EH, Hsieh JJ, Keshari KR. Hyperpolarized MRI Visualizes Warburg Effects and Predicts Treatment Response to mTOR Inhibitors in Patient-Derived ccRCC Xenograft Models. Cancer Res 2018; 79:242-250. [PMID: 30459151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-changing tumor microenvironment constantly challenges individual cancer cells to balance supply and demand, presenting tumor vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities. Everolimus and temsirolimus are inhibitors of mTOR (mTORi) approved for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, treatment outcome varies greatly among patients. Accordingly, administration of mTORi in mRCC is diminishing, which could potentially result in missing timely delivery of effective treatment for select patients. Here, we implemented a clinically applicable, integrated platform encompassing a single dose of [1-13C] pyruvate to visualize the in vivo effect of mTORi on the conversion of pyruvate to lactate using hyperpolarized MRI. A striking difference that predicts treatment benefit was demonstrated using two preclinical models derived from patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who exhibited primary resistance to VEGFRi and quickly succumbed to their diseases within 6 months after the diagnosis of metastasis without receiving mTORi. Our findings suggest that hyperpolarized MRI could be further developed to personalize kidney cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI as a tool for accurately assessing the clinical success of mTOR inhibition in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chelsea Ray
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristin L Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lidia Dos Santos-Cunha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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12
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An adapted isotope dilution 1H- 13C heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (ID-HSQC) for rapid and accurate quantification of endogenous and exogenous plasma glucose. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6705-6711. [PMID: 30054692 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of methods, such as enzymatic methods, LC-MS, and LC-MS/MS, are currently available for the concentration determination of plasma glucose in studies of diabetes, obesity, exercise, etc. However, these methods rarely discriminate endogenous and exogenous glucose in plasma. A novel NMR strategy for discriminative quantification of the endogenous and exogenous glucose in plasma has been developed using an adapted isotope dilution 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (ID-HSQC) with uniformly 13C-labeled glucose as a tracer of exogenous glucose. This method takes advantage of the distinct 1H-13C chemical shifts of the hemiacetal group of the α-D-glucopyranose and makes use of the 13C-13C one-bond J-coupling (1JCC) in uniformly 13C-labeled glucose to differentiate the 1H-13C HSQC signal of labeled glucose from that of its natural counterpart when data are acquired in high-resolution mode. The molar ratio between the endogenous and exogenous plasma glucose can then be calculated from the peak intensities of the natural and labeled glucose. The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated using a series of standard mixtures of natural and uniformly 13C-labeled glucose with varied but known concentrations. Application of this method is demonstrated for the quantification of endogenous and exogenous glucose in plasma derived from healthy and diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. The results nicely agree with our previous LC-MS/MS results. Considering the natural abundance of 13C isotope at the level of 1.1% in endogenous glucose, comparable peak intensities of quantitatively measurable signals derived from natural and labeled glucose imply that the ID-HSQC can tolerate a significantly high ratio of isotope dilution, with labeled/natural glucose at ~ 1%. We expect that the ID-HSQC method can serve as an alternative approach to the biomedical or clinical studies of glucose metabolism.
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13
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Salamanca-Cardona L, Shah H, Poot AJ, Correa FM, Di Gialleonardo V, Lui H, Miloushev VZ, Granlund KL, Tee SS, Cross JR, Thompson CB, Keshari KR. In Vivo Imaging of Glutamine Metabolism to the Oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglutarate in IDH1/2 Mutant Tumors. Cell Metab 2017; 26:830-841.e3. [PMID: 29056515 PMCID: PMC5718944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is a signature biomarker in various cancers, where it accumulates as a result of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). The metabolic source of 2-HG, in a wide variety of cancers, dictates both its generation and also potential therapeutic strategies, but this remains difficult to access in vivo. Here, utilizing patient-derived chondrosarcoma cells harboring endogenous mutations in IDH1 and IDH2, we report that 2-HG can be rapidly generated from glutamine in vitro. Then, using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (HP-MRI), we demonstrate that in vivo HP [1-13C] glutamine can be used to non-invasively measure glutamine-derived HP 2-HG production. This can be readily modulated utilizing a selective IDH1 inhibitor, opening the door to targeting glutamine-derived 2-HG therapeutically. Rapid rates of HP 2-HG generation in vivo further demonstrate that, in a context-dependent manner, glutamine can be a primary carbon source for 2-HG production in mutant IDH tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Salamanca-Cardona
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alex J Poot
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fabian M Correa
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valentina Di Gialleonardo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hui Lui
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristin L Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sui S Tee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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14
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Di Gialleonardo V, Aldeborgh HN, Miloushev V, Folkers KM, Granlund K, Tap WD, Lewis JS, Weber WA, Keshari KR. Multinuclear NMR and MRI Reveal an Early Metabolic Response to mTOR Inhibition in Sarcoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3113-3120. [PMID: 28386017 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers predicting rapalog responses in sarcomas where PI3K and mTOR are often hyperactivated could improve the suitable recruitment of responsive patients to clinical trials. PI3K/mTOR pathway activation drives energy production by regulating anaerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, suggesting a route toward a monitoring strategy. In this study, we took a multimodality approach to evaluate the phenotypic effects and metabolic changes that occur with inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Its central role in regulating glycolysis in human sarcomas was evaluated by short- and long-term rapamycin treatment in sarcoma cell lines. We observed an overall decrease in lactate production in vitro, followed by cell growth inhibition. In vivo, we observed a similar quantitative reduction in lactate production as monitored by hyperpolarized MRI, also followed by tumor size changes. This noninvasive imaging method could distinguish reduced cell proliferation from induction of cell death. Our results illustrate the use of hyperpolarized MRI as a sensitive technique to monitor drug-induced perturbation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in sarcomas. Cancer Res; 77(11); 3113-20. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Gialleonardo
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hannah N Aldeborgh
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vesselin Miloushev
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kelly M Folkers
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristin Granlund
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William D Tap
- Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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