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Whitehouse WL, Lo LHY, Kinghorn AB, Shiu SCC, Tanner JA. Structure-Switching Electrochemical Aptasensor for Rapid, Reagentless, and Single-Step Nanomolar Detection of C-Reactive Protein. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3721-3730. [PMID: 38485932 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant and sensitive indicator for sepsis and other life-threatening pathologies, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Currently, clinical turn-around times for established CRP detection methods take between 30 min to hours or even days from centralized laboratories. Here, we report the development of an electrochemical biosensor using redox probe-tagged DNA aptamers, functionalized onto inexpensive, commercially available screen-printed electrodes. Binding-induced conformational switching of the CRP-targeting aptamer induces a specific and selective signal-ON event, which enables single-step and reagentless detection of CRP in as little as 1 min. The aptasensor limit of detection spans approximately 20-60 nM in 50% human serum with dynamic response windows spanning 1-200 or 1-500 nM (R = 0.97/R = 0.98 respectively). The sensor is stable for at least 1 week and can be reused numerous times, as judged from repeated real-time dosing and dose-response assays. By decoupling binding events from the signal induction mechanism, structure-switching electrochemical aptamer-based sensors provide considerable advantages over their adsorption-based counterparts. Our work expands on the retinue of such sensors reported in the literature and is the first instance of structure-switching electrochemical aptamer-based sensors (SS-EABs) for reagentless, voltammetric CRP detection. We hope this study inspires further investigations into the suitability of SS-EABs for diagnostics, which will aid translational R&D toward fully realized devices aimed at point-of-care applications or for broader use by the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Whitehouse
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Louisa H Y Lo
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon C C Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Díaz-Fernández A, de-Los-Santos-Álvarez N, Lobo-Castañón MJ. Capacitive spectroscopy as transduction mechanism for wearable biosensors: opportunities and challenges. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2089-2095. [PMID: 38093115 PMCID: PMC10950950 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors would revolutionize healthcare and personalized medicine by providing individuals with continuous and real-time data about their bodies and environments. Their integration into everyday life has the potential to enhance well-being, improve healthcare outcomes, and offer new opportunities for research. Capacitive sensors technology has great potential to enrich wearable devices, extending their use to more accurate physiological indicators. On the basis of capacitive sensors developed so far to monitor physical parameters, and taking into account the advances in capacitive biosensors, this work discusses the benefits of this type of transduction to design wearables for the monitoring of biomolecules. Moreover, it provides insights into the challenges that must be overcome to take advantage of capacitive transduction in wearable sensors for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Díaz-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemí de-Los-Santos-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lobo-Castañón
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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3
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Cheng Q, Ge Y, Lin B, Zhou L, Mao H, Zhao J. Capacitive Bionic Magnetic Sensors Based on One-Step Biointerface Preparation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6789-6798. [PMID: 38297999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic biomolecule-based bionic magnetic field sensors are anticipated to open up novel pathways for magnetic field detection. The detection range and accuracy of current bionic magnetic field sensors are limited, and little work is based on the capacitive response principle. We successfully developed a biochemical interface with an extralarge target-receptor size ratio, which can be manufactured in a single step for weak magnetic field detection across a wide frequency range, and we used electrochemical capacitance as a magnetic field change conduction strategy. The thickness-controllable nanoscale bovine serum albumin/graphene layer on an indium tin oxide working electrode combines with the one-step preparation method to immobilize the MagR/Cry4 complex. This capacitive bionic magnetic sensor can achieve the detection range of 0-120 mT. This biointerface design strategy obtains the further improvement of the performance of this bionic magnetic field sensor. Furthermore, the biointerface construction and optimization methodology in this proposal has potential applications in the design of other medical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuqing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Bo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Reinikovaite V, Matulevicius M, Elsakova A, Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Luksa A, Jafarov A, Slibinskas R, Ramanavicius A, Baradoke A. Electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy based determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166447. [PMID: 37604377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we are reporting a novel electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS) platform designed for the sensitive and label-free detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus spike protein (anti-rS) in diluted blood serum. The determination of anti-rS is crucial for identification individuals who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus and may have acquired immunity. The rS protein was immobilized on a screen-printed carbon electrode, which was incubated in diluted blood serum containing anti-rS antibodies. Label-free ECS was applied for the determination of interaction between immobilized rS and free-standing anti-rS. Here reported bioanalytical platform demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting anti-rS, achieving a limit of detection of 4.38 nM. This versatile platform could be further enhanced by applying various electrode materials and adapting this platform to detect antibodies against some other proteins. Our findings have significant implications for the development of affordable, scalable biosensing platforms capable to provide rapid and accurate public health screening and monitoring, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Reinikovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Matas Matulevicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexandra Elsakova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maryia Drobysh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Luksa
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ali Jafarov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, 50412 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania
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5
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Algethami FK, Rabti A, Mastouri M, Ben Aoun S, Alqarni LS, Elamin MR, Raouafi N. Sub-femtomolar capacitance-based biosensing of kanamycin using screen-printed electrodes coated with redox-active polymeric films. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:434. [PMID: 37821740 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive capacitance-based biosensor has been developed capable of detecting the kanamycin (KAN) antibiotic at sub-femtomolar levels. The biosensor was constructed using a potential-pulse-assisted method, allowing for the layer-by-layer deposition of a melanin-like polymeric film (MLPF) on an electrode surface modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The MLPF was formed through the electrochemical polymerization of dopamine and the specific kanamycin aptamer. By optimizing the operating parameters, we achieved a label-free detection of kanamycin by monitoring the variation of pseudocapacitive properties of the MLPF-modified electrode using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The developed biosensor demonstrated a wide linear response ranging from 1 fM to 100 pM, with a remarkable limit of detection of 0.3 fM (S/N = 3) for kanamycin. Furthermore, the biosensor was successfully applied to detect kanamycin in milk samples, exhibiting good recovery. These findings highlight the promising potential of the aptasensor for determination of antibiotic residues and ensuring food safety. In conclusion, our ultrasensitive capacitance-based biosensor provides a reliable and efficient method for detecting trace amounts of kanamycin in dairy products. This technology can contribute to safeguarding consumer health and maintaining high food safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal Rabti
- Laboratory of Materials, Treatment, and Analysis (LMTA), National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis (INRAP), Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Lab (LR99ES15), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mastouri
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Lab (LR99ES15), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Ben Aoun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila S Alqarni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Elamin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Lab (LR99ES15), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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6
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Szot-Karpińska K, Kudła P, Orzeł U, Narajczyk M, Jönsson-Niedziółka M, Pałys B, Filipek S, Ebner A, Niedziółka-Jönsson J. Investigation of Peptides for Molecular Recognition of C-Reactive Protein-Theoretical and Experimental Studies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14475-14483. [PMID: 37695838 PMCID: PMC10535004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interactions between C-reactive protein (CRP) and new CRP-binding peptide materials using experimental (biological and physicochemical) methods with the support of theoretical simulations (computational modeling analysis). Three specific CRP-binding peptides (P2, P3, and P9) derived from an M13 bacteriophage have been identified using phage-display technology. The binding efficiency of the peptides exposed on phages toward the CRP protein was demonstrated via biological methods. Fibers of the selected phages/peptides interact differently due to different compositions of amino acid sequences on the exposed peptides, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Numerical and experimental studies consistently showed that the P3 peptide is the best CRP binder. A combination of theoretical and experimental methods demonstrates that identifying the best binder can be performed simply, cheaply, and fast. Such an approach has not been reported previously for peptide screening and demonstrates a new trend in science where calculations can replace or support laborious experimental techniques. Finally, the best CRP binder─the P3 peptide─was used for CRP recognition on silicate-modified indium tin oxide-coated glass electrodes. The obtained electrodes exhibit a wide range of operation (1.0-100 μg mL-1) with a detection limit (LOD = 3σ/S) of 0.34 μg mL-1. Moreover, the dissociation constant Kd of 4.2 ± 0.144 μg mL-1 (35 ± 1.2 nM) was evaluated from the change in the current. The selectivity of the obtained electrode was demonstrated in the presence of three interfering proteins. These results prove that the presented P3 peptide is a potential candidate as a receptor for CRP, which can replace specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szot-Karpińska
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Kudła
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Orzeł
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Department
of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Pałys
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Filipek
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Institute
of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
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7
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Brandão STR, Dos Santos A, Bueno PR, Cilli EM. Designing Quantum Capacitive Peptide Interfaces for Electroanalytical Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13470-13477. [PMID: 37647515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active moieties assembled on metallic interfaces have been shown to follow quantum mechanical rules, where the quantum capacitance of the interface (directly associated with the electronic structure of the redox-active moieties) plays a key role in the electron transfer dynamics of the interface. Modifying these interfaces with biological receptors has significant advantages (simplifying molecular diagnostics methods, reducing size, time, and cost while maintaining high sensitivity), enabling the fabrication of miniaturized electroanalytical devices that can compete with traditional ELISA and RT-PCR benchtop assay methods. Owing to their intrinsic characteristics, the use of peptide-based redox-active moieties is a promising chemical route for modifying metallic surfaces, resulting in a high quantum capacitive signal sensitivity. In the present work, different ferrocene-tagged peptides with a structure of Fc-Glu-XX-XX-Cys-NH2 (XX = serine, phenylalanine, glycine) were used to form self-assembled monolayers on gold. The feasibility of using these interfaces in an electroanalytical assay was verified by detecting the NS1 DENV (Dengue Virus) biomarker to compare the efficiency of peptide structures for biosensing purposes. Parameters such as the formal potential of the interface, normalized electronic density of states (DOS), quantum capacitance, and electron transfer rate constants were obtained for Ser-, Phe-, and Gly-peptides. The Gly-peptide structure presented the highest analytical performance for sensing NS1 with a sensitivity of 5.6% per decade and the lowest LOD (1.4 ng mL-1) and LOQ (2.6 ng mL-1), followed by Phe-peptide, whereas Ser-peptide had the lowest performance. This work demonstrates that the use of peptides to fabricate a self-assembled monolayer as a biosensor component has advantages for low-cost point-of-care diagnostics. It also shows that the performance of the sensing interface depends strongly on how the chemistry of the surface is designed as a whole, not only on the redox-active group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T R Brandão
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Algethami FK, Rabti A, Mastouri M, Abdulkhair BY, Ben Aoun S, Raouafi N. Highly sensitive capacitance-based nitrite sensing using polydopamine/AuNPs-modified screen-printed carbon electrode. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21336-21344. [PMID: 37465569 PMCID: PMC10350640 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03898j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory bodies play a crucial role in establishing limits for food additives to ensure food quality and safety of food products, as excessive usage poses risks to consumers. In the context of processed animal-based foodstuffs, nitrite is commonly utilized as a means to slow down bacterial degradation. In this study, we have successfully leveraged the redox activity of an electrochemically deposited polydopamine (pDA) film onto gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPCE) to develop a sensitive and versatile methodology for the detection of nitrite using redox capacitance spectroscopy. By exploiting the interaction of the AuNPs/pDA electroactive interface with the target nitrite ions, we observed distinct changes in the redox distribution, subsequently leading to modifications in the associated redox capacitance. This alteration enables the successful detection of nitrite, exhibiting a linear response within the concentration range of 10 to 500 μM, with a limit of detection of 1.98 μM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, we applied the developed sensor to analyze nitrite levels in processed meats, yielding good recoveries. These results demonstrate the potential of our approach as a promising method for routine detection of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) P.O. Box 90950 Riyadh 11623 Saudi Arabia @imamu.edu.sa
| | - Amal Rabti
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Lab (LR99ES15), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis Tunisia
- National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis (INRAP), Laboratory of Materials, Treatment, and Analysis (LMTA), Biotechpole Sidi Thabet 2020 Sidi Thabet Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mastouri
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Lab (LR99ES15), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Babiker Y Abdulkhair
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) P.O. Box 90950 Riyadh 11623 Saudi Arabia @imamu.edu.sa
| | - Sami Ben Aoun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University P.O. Box 30002 Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Lab (LR99ES15), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis El Manar 2092 Tunis Tunisia
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9
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Yang HJ, Kim MW, Raju CV, Cho CH, Park TJ, Park JP. Highly sensitive and label-free electrochemical detection of C-reactive protein on a peptide receptor-gold nanoparticle-black phosphorous nanocomposite modified electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115382. [PMID: 37178497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a phylogenetically highly conserved plasma protein found in blood serum, and an enhanced CRP level is indicative of inflammatory conditions such as infection and cancer, among others. In this work, we developed a novel high CRP-affinity peptide-functionalized label-free electrochemical biosensor for the highly sensitive and selective detection of CRP. Throughout biopanning with random peptide libraries, high affinity peptides for CRP was successfully identified, and then a series of synthetic peptide receptor, of which C-terminus was incorporated to gold binding peptide (GBP) as an anchoring motif was covalently immobilized onto gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) tethered polydopamine (PDA)‒black phosphorus (BP) (AuNPs@BP@PDA) nanocomposite electrode. Interaction between the CRP-binding peptide and CRP was confirmed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with various physicochemical and electrochemical analyses. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the proposed peptide-based biosensor detects CRP in the range of 0-0.036 μg/mL with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.7 ng/mL. The developed sensor effectively detects CRP in the real samples of serum and plasma of Crohn's disease patients. Thus, the fabricated peptide-based biosensor has potential applications in clinical diagnosis and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Yang
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chikkili Venkateswara Raju
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwan Cho
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Basic Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Aptamer-functionalized capacitive biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115014. [PMID: 36628826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of aptamers as target recognition elements in label-free biosensing necessitates corresponding transducers that can be used in relevant environments. While popular in many fields, capacitive sensors have seen relatively little, but growing use in conjunction with aptamers for sensing diverse targets. Few reports have shown physiologically relevant sensitivity in laboratory conditions and a cohesive picture on how target capture modifies the measured capacitance has been lacking. In this review, we assess the current state of the field in three areas: small molecule, protein, and cell sensing. We critically analyze the proposed hypotheses on how aptamer-target capture modifies the capacitance, as many mechanistic postulations appear to conflict between published works. As the field matures, we encourage future works to investigate individual aptamer-target interactions and to interrogate the physical mechanisms leading to measured changes in capacitance. To this point, we provide recommendations on best practices for developing aptasensors with a particular focus on considerations for biosensing in clinical settings.
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11
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Kang S, Sharafeldin M, Patrick SC, Chen X, Davis JJ. Ultrafast Biomarker Quantification through Reagentless Capacitive Kinetics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4721-4727. [PMID: 36856747 PMCID: PMC10018454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a facile assessment of binding kinetics at bioreceptive redox-active interfaces as a means of quantifying target proteins. This is achieved by monitoring the redox capacitance (Cr) of a receptor-modified conductive polymer interface under continuous flow. Exemplified with the quantification of C-reactive protein (CRP), capacitance analyses resolve both the association and dissociation regimes in real-time. Significantly, the rate of electrochemical signal change within the association regime is a sensitive function of target concentration, enabling marker assaying down to picomolar levels, comparable to end-point assays, in 15 s. This reagentless proof-of-principle methodology is envisioned to be widely applicable to the facile quantification of a range of other pertinent, clinically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sophie C Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xuanxiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Sakata T, Shiratori R, Nishitani S. Aptamer-Based Glycated Albumin Sensor for Capacitive Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1480-1489. [PMID: 36583969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycated albumin (GA) is a candidate for glycemic indicator to control prediabetes, the half-life of which is about 2 weeks, which is neither too long nor too short, considering that there is no longer any need for daily fingerstick sampling but glucose levels can be controlled in a relatively short term. Its usefulness as a glycemic indicator must be widely recognized by developing a simple and miniaturized GA sensor for point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. In this study, we propose an aptamer-based capacitive electrode for electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS) to specifically detect GA in an enzyme-/antibody-free manner. As a component of the bioelectrical interface between the sample solution and the electrode, a densely packed capacitive polyaryl film coated on a gold electrode contributes to the detection of GA by the ECS method. In addition, the GA aptamer tethered onto the polyaryl-film-coated gold electrode is useful for not only specifically capturing GA but also inducing changes in the concentration of cations released from the cation/GA aptamer complexes by GA/GA aptamer binding. Also, hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coated on the polyaryl film electrode in parallel with the GA aptamer prevents interfering proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) from nonspecifically absorbing on the polyaryl film electrode. Such a GA aptamer-based capacitive electrode produces significant signals of GA against HSA and IgG with the change in GA concentration (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL) detected by the ECS method. This indicates that the ECS method contributes to the evaluation of the GA level, which is based on the rate of glycation of albumin. Thus, a platform based on ECS measurement using the aptamer-based capacitive electrode is useful for protein analysis in an enzyme-/antibody-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Sakata
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Reiko Shiratori
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shoichi Nishitani
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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13
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Lucas Garrote B, Lopes LC, Pinzón EF, Mendonça-Natividade FC, Martins RB, Santos A, Arruda E, Bueno PR. Reagentless Quantum-Rate-Based Electrochemical Signal of Graphene for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Infection Using Nasal Swab Specimens. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2645-2653. [PMID: 36049154 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The quantum-rate model predicts a rate k as a frequency for transporting electrons within molecular structures, which is governed by the ratio between the quantum of conductance G and capacitance Cq, such that k = G/Cq. This frequency, as measured in a single-layer graphene appropriately modified with suitable biological receptors, can be applied as a transducer signal that ranges sensitivities within the attomole for biosensing applications. Here, we applied this label-free and reagentless biosensing transducer signal methodology for the qualitative diagnosis of COVID-19 infections, where this assay methodology was shown to be similar to the gold-standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. The quantum-rate strategy for the diagnosis of COVID-19 was performed by combining the response of the interface for detecting the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus as accessed from nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal patient samples with 80% of sensitivity and 77% of specificity. As a label-free and reagentless biosensing platform, the methodology is decidedly useful for point-of-care and internet-of-things biological assaying technologies, not only because of its real-time ability to measure infections but also because of the capability for miniaturization inherent in reagentless electrochemical methods. This approach effectively permits the rapid development of biological assays for surveillance and control of endemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lucas Garrote
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Laís C Lopes
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Edgar F Pinzón
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Flávia C Mendonça-Natividade
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Martins
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Santos
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 14800-060, Brazil
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14
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Sánchez YP, Santos A, Roberto Bueno P. Quantum rate efficiency of the charge transfer mediated by quantum capacitive states. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Villalonga A, Sánchez A, Vilela D, Mayol B, Martínez-Ruíz P, Villalonga R. Electrochemical aptasensor based on anisotropically modified (Janus-type) gold nanoparticles for determination of C-reactive protein. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:309. [PMID: 35918542 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel Janus nanoparticles based on Au colloids anisotropically modified with polyamidoamine dendrons were prepared though a masking/toposelective modification approach. These nanomaterials were further functionalized with horseradish peroxidase on the dendritic face and provided on the opposite metal surface with a ssDNA aptamer for C-reactive protein (CRP). The resulting nanoparticles were employed as biorecognition/signaling elements to construct an amperometric aptasensor with sandwich-type architecture for the specific detection of this cardiac biomarker. To do this, screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with electrodeposited Au nanoparticles and functionalized with anti-CRP aptamers were used as transduction interface. The aptasensor was employed for the amperometric detection of CRP (working potential: - 200 mV vs pseudo-Ag/AgCl) in the broad range from 10 pg·mL-1 to 1.0 ng·mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.1 pg·mL-1. This electroanalytical device also showed good specificity, reproducibility (RSD = 9.8%, n = 10), and stability and was useful to quantify CRP in reconstituted human serum samples, with a RSD of 13.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Villalonga
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Vilela
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mayol
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez-Ruíz
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Nanosensors and Nanomachines Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Hein R, Beer PD. Halogen bonding and chalcogen bonding mediated sensing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7098-7125. [PMID: 35799814 PMCID: PMC9214886 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-hole interactions, in particular halogen bonding (XB) and chalcogen bonding (ChB), have become indispensable tools in supramolecular chemistry, with wide-ranging applications in crystal engineering, catalysis and materials chemistry as well as anion recognition, transport and sensing. The latter has very rapidly developed in recent years and is becoming a mature research area in its own right. This can be attributed to the numerous advantages sigma-hole interactions imbue in sensor design, in particular high degrees of selectivity, sensitivity and the capability for sensing in aqueous media. Herein, we provide the first detailed overview of all developments in the field of XB and ChB mediated sensing, in particular the detection of anions but also neutral (gaseous) Lewis bases. This includes a wide range of optical colorimetric and luminescent sensors as well as an array of electrochemical sensors, most notably redox-active host systems. In addition, we discuss a range of other sensor designs, including capacitive sensors and chemiresistors, and provide a detailed overview and outlook for future fundamental developments in the field. Importantly the sensing concepts and methodologies described herein for the XB and ChB mediated sensing of anions, are generically applicable for the development of supramolecular receptors and sensors in general, including those for cations and neutral molecules employing a wide array of non-covalent interactions. As such we believe this review to be a useful guide to both the supramolecular and general chemistry community with interests in the fields of host-guest recognition and small molecule sensing. Moreover, we also highlight the need for a broader integration of supramolecular chemistry, analytical chemistry, synthetic chemistry and materials science in the development of the next generation of potent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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17
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Alarcón EVG, Santos A, Bueno PR. Perspective on quantum electrochemistry. A simple method for measuring the electron transfer rate constant. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Patrick SC, Hein R, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Continuous and Polarization-Tuned Redox Capacitive Anion Sensing at Electroactive Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19199-19206. [PMID: 34730337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous, real-time ion sensing is of great value across various environmental and medical scenarios but remains underdeveloped. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of redox capacitance spectroscopy as a sensitive and highly adaptable ion sensing methodology, exemplified by the continuous flow sensing of anions at redox-active halogen bonding ferrocenylisophthalamide self-assembled monolayers. Upon anion binding, the redox distribution of the electroactive interface, and its associated redox capacitance, are reversibly modulated, providing a simple and direct sensory readout. Importantly, the redox capacitance can be monitored at a freely chosen, constant electrode polarization, providing a facile means of tuning both the sensor analytical performance and the anion binding affinity, by up to 1 order of magnitude. In surpassing standard voltammetric methods in terms of analytical performance and adaptability, these findings pave the way for the development of highly sensitive and uniquely tunable ion sensors. More generally, this methodology also serves as a powerful and unprecedented means of simultaneously modulating and monitoring the thermodynamics and kinetics of host-guest interactions at redox-active interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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19
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Advances in aptamer-based sensing assays for C-reactive protein. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:867-884. [PMID: 34581827 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), a non-specific acute-phase indicator of inflammation, has been widely recognized for its value in clinical diagnostic applications. With the advancement of testing technologies, there have been many reports on fast, simple, and reliable methods for CRP testing. Among these, the aptamer-based biosensors are the focus and hotspot of research for achieving high-sensitivity analysis of CRP. This review summarizes the progress of in vitro aptamer screening for CRP and the recent advances in aptamer-based CRP sensor applications, thus developing insight for the new CRP aptasensor design strategy.
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20
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Lopes LC, Bueno PR. Sensing the quantized reactivity of graphene. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1177:338735. [PMID: 34482901 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that the variations measured in the quantum capacitance of single-layer graphene, envisioned here as a conceptual molecular model, depend on the chemical reactivity of the molecule and can be used as an analytical and sensing tool for environmental conditions. The variations are quantized as a function of the environmental changes and can be correlated with chemical reactivity indexes such as chemical hardness and softness. This not only constitutes a proof-of-principle that the chemical reactivity of graphene, as a single molecule, can be determined in situ by measuring the quantum capacitance, but also that these measurements can be used as an analytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís C Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Mei X, Ye D, Zhang F, Di C. Implantable application of polymer‐based biosensors. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dekai Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong‐an Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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22
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Sfragano PS, Moro G, Polo F, Palchetti I. The Role of Peptides in the Design of Electrochemical Biosensors for Clinical Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080246. [PMID: 34436048 PMCID: PMC8391273 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peptides represent a promising class of biorecognition elements that can be coupled to electrochemical transducers. The benefits lie mainly in their stability and selectivity toward a target analyte. Furthermore, they can be synthesized rather easily and modified with specific functional groups, thus making them suitable for the development of novel architectures for biosensing platforms, as well as alternative labelling tools. Peptides have also been proposed as antibiofouling agents. Indeed, biofouling caused by the accumulation of biomolecules on electrode surfaces is one of the major issues and challenges to be addressed in the practical application of electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we summarise trends from the last three years in the design and development of electrochemical biosensors using synthetic peptides. The different roles of peptides in the design of electrochemical biosensors are described. The main procedures of selection and synthesis are discussed. Selected applications in clinical diagnostics are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Severin Sfragano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Giulia Moro
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (G.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Federico Polo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (G.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Pankratova N, Jović M, Pfeifer ME. Electrochemical sensing of blood proteins for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnostics and prognostics: towards a point-of-care application. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17301-17319. [PMID: 34094508 PMCID: PMC8114542 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) being one of the principal causes of death and acquired disability in the world imposes a large burden on the global economy. Mild TBI (mTBI) is particularly challenging to assess due to the frequent lack of well-pronounced post-injury symptoms. However, if left untreated mTBI (especially when repetitive) can lead to serious long-term implications such as cognitive and neuropathological disorders. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging commonly used for TBI diagnostics require well-trained personnel, are costly, difficult to adapt for on-site measurements and are not always reliable in identifying small brain lesions. Thus, there is an increasing demand for sensitive point-of-care (POC) testing tools in order to aid mTBI diagnostics and prediction of long-term effects. Biomarker quantification in body fluids is a promising basis for POC measurements, even though establishing a clinically relevant mTBI biomarker panel remains a challenge. Actually, a minimally invasive, rapid and reliable multianalyte detection device would allow the efficient determination of injury biomarker release kinetics and thus support the preclinical evaluation and clinical validation of a proposed biomarker panel for future decentralized in vitro diagnostics. In this respect electrochemical biosensors have recently attracted great attention and the present article provides a critical study on the electrochemical protocols suggested in the literature for detection of mTBI-relevant protein biomarkers. The authors give an overview of the analytical approaches for transduction element functionalization, review recent technological advances and highlight the key challenges remaining in view of an eventual integration of the proposed concepts into POC diagnostic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Pankratova
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), School of Engineering, Institute of Life Technologies, Diagnostic Systems Research Group Route du Rawil 64 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), School of Engineering, Institute of Life Technologies, Diagnostic Systems Research Group Route du Rawil 64 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Marc E Pfeifer
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), School of Engineering, Institute of Life Technologies, Diagnostic Systems Research Group Route du Rawil 64 1950 Sion Switzerland
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24
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Chen C, Lehr J. Label‐free Selective Detection of Protein Markers in the Picomolar Range via a Convenient Voltammetric Sensing Strategy. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Forensics Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane, Clifton Nottingham NG11 8NS United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Lehr
- Department of Chemistry & Forensics Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane, Clifton Nottingham NG11 8NS United Kingdom
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford 43 Crescent Salford M5 4WT United Kingdom
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25
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Baradoke A, Santos A, Bueno PR, Davis JJ. Introducing polymer conductance in diagnostically relevant transduction. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112705. [PMID: 33166803 PMCID: PMC7581358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that an impedance derived capacitance method is able to cleanly resolve the resonant conductance characteristics of an electrode-confined polymer film. In decorating the film with receptors, this conductance is thereafter modulated by the capturing of specific targets, demonstrated herein with C-reactive protein. This entirely reagentless and single step marker quantification is relevant to the drive of moving assays to a scaleable format requiring minimal user intervention. Relaxation conductance was used to create a new transducer signal concept. This relaxation conductance transducer signal concept was proved to be valid. Conductive redox polymer was used as sensitive function for the new signal concept. C-reactive protein was successfully detected in suitable low concentrations. This transducer principle is equally applicable to any other target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Baradoke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
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26
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Piccoli JP, Soares AC, Oliveira ON, Cilli EM. Nanostructured functional peptide films and their application in C-reactive protein immunosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 138:107692. [PMID: 33291002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peptides with an active redox molecule are incorporated into nanostructured films for electrochemical biosensors with stable and controllable physicochemical properties. In this study, we synthesized three ferrocene (Fc)-containing peptides with the sequence Fc-Glu-(Ala)n-Cys-NH2, which could form self-assembled monolayers on gold and be attached to antibodies. The peptide with two alanines (n = 2) yielded the immunosensor with the highest performance in detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation. Using electrochemical impedance-derived capacitive spectroscopy, the limit of detection was 240 pM with a dynamic range that included clinically relevant CRP concentrations. With a combination of electrochemical methods and polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, we identified the chemical groups involved in the antibody-CRP interaction, and were able to relate the highest performance for the peptide with n = 2 to chain length and efficient packing in the organized films. These strategies to design peptides and methods to fabricate the immunosensors are generic, and can be applied to other types of biosensors, including in low cost platforms for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Piccoli
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos - SP, Brazil
| | - Andrey C Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos - SP, Brazil; Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos - SP, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos - SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 14800-060 Araraquara - SP, Brazil.
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27
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Label-free capacitive assaying of biomarkers for molecular diagnostics. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3879-3893. [PMID: 33106679 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The label-free analysis of biomarkers offers important advantages in developing point-of-care (PoC) biosensors. In contrast to label-based methodologies, such as ELISA, label-free analysis enables direct detection of targets without additional steps and labeled reagents. Nonetheless, label-free approaches require high sensitivity to detect the intrinsic features of a biomarker and low levels of nonspecific signals. Electrochemical capacitance, [Formula: see text], is a feature of electroactive nanoscale films that can be measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. [Formula: see text] is promising as an electrochemical transducing signal for the development of high-sensitivity, reagentless and label-free molecular diagnostic assays. We used a proprietary ferrocene (Fc)-tagged peptide that is able to self-assemble onto gold electrodes (thicknesses <2 nm) to which any biological receptor can be coupled. When coupled with biological receptors (e.g., a monoclonal antibody), [Formula: see text] exhibited by the redox-tagged peptide changes as a function of the target concentration. We provide herein the steps for the qualitative and quantitative detection of dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) biomarker. Detection of NS1 can be used to diagnose dengue virus infection, which causes epidemics each year in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Including the pre-treatment of the electrode surface, the analysis takes ~25 h. This time can be reduced to minutes if the electrode surface is fabricated separately, demonstrating that [Formula: see text] is promising for PoC applications. We hope this protocol will serve as a reference point for researchers and companies that intend to further develop capacitive devices for molecular diagnostic assays.
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28
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Nogueira Pedroza Dias Mello HJ, Bueno PR, Mulato M. Comparing glucose and urea enzymatic electrochemical and optical biosensors based on polyaniline thin films. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4199-4210. [PMID: 32789344 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Analytical sensors that can detect chemical (including biological) analytes are becoming increasingly widespread within the field of analytical chemistry. More than this, in a world tending towards the 'internet-of-things', the miniaturization of such devices is becoming increasingly urgent. Accordingly, electrochemical methods that are simultaneously multiplexable and effective at a miniature scale are receiving much attention. In the present work, we compare the label-free electrochemical response of enzymatic biosensors with the response of their optical counterpart. As a proof-of-concept we compare the electrochemical impedimetric response and the first time described capacitive response of enzymatic biosensors to their optical reflectance response (measured in the visible region using a portable handset spectrophotometer). The target was the detection of glucose and urea. The chemical platform of the sensors was composed of enzymatically functionalized polyaniline thin films. Sensitivity, linearity, and the limit of detection were analyzed for both electrochemical and optical instrumental settings. We found that the impedimetric/capacitive electrochemical setup produced a response that was of a similar quality to the optical response (sensitivities of 10.7 ± 0.7, 7.4 ± 0.7 and 4.3 ± 0.2% per decade for impedimetric, capacitive and optical glucose biosensors, respectively) with a broader linear range (10-4 to 10-1 mol L-1 for both glucose and urea biosensors) and similar limit-of-detection in the range of 1 μmol L-1 within a relevant and practical diagnosis range for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo José Nogueira Pedroza Dias Mello
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - USP, 14040-901, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Rational design of DNA nanostructures for single molecule biosensing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4384. [PMID: 32873796 PMCID: PMC7463249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect low concentrations of biomarkers in patient samples is one of the cornerstones of modern healthcare. In general, biosensing approaches are based on measuring signals resulting from the interaction of a large ensemble of molecules with the sensor. Here, we report a biosensor platform using DNA origami featuring a central cavity with a target-specific DNA aptamer coupled with a nanopore read-out to enable individual biomarker detection. We show that the modulation of the ion current through the nanopore upon the DNA origami translocation strongly depends on the presence of the biomarker in the cavity. We exploit this to generate a biosensing platform with a limit of detection of 3 nM and capable of the detection of human C-reactive protein (CRP) in clinically relevant fluids. Future development of this approach may enable multiplexed biomarker detection by using ribbons of DNA origami with integrated barcoding.
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Impedimetric Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 174:43-91. [PMID: 32313965 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impedimetric aptamer-based biosensors show high potential for handheld devices and point-of-care tests. In this review, we report on recent advances in aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors for applications in biotechnology. We detail on analytes relevant in medical and environmental biotechnology as well as food control, for which aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors were developed. The reviewed biosensors are examined for their performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and real sample validation. Additionally, the benefits and challenges of impedimetric aptasensors are summarized.
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31
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Review on electrochemical sensing strategies for C-reactive protein and cardiac troponin I detection. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kanyong P, Patil AV, Davis JJ. Functional Molecular Interfaces for Impedance-Based Diagnostics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:183-200. [PMID: 32531184 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In seeking to develop and optimize reagentless electroanalytical assays, a consideration of the transducing interface features lies key to any subsequent sensitivity and selectivity. This review briefly summarizes some of the most commonly used receptive interfaces that have been employed within the development of impedimetric molecular sensors. We discuss the use of high surface area carbon, nanoparticles, and a range of bioreceptors that can subsequently be integrated. The review spans the most commonly utilized biorecognition elements, such as antibodies, antibody fragments, aptamers, and nucleic acids, and touches on some novel emerging alternatives such as nanofragments, molecularly imprinted polymers, and bacteriophages. Reference is made to the immobilization chemistries available along with a consideration of both optimal packing density and recognition probe orientation. We also discuss assay-relevant mechanistic details and applications in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Kanyong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom;
| | - Amol V Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom;
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom;
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Yousefi F, Movahedpour A, Shabaninejad Z, Ghasemi Y, Rabbani S, Sobnani-Nasab A, Mohammadi S, Hajimoradi B, Rezaei S, Savardashtaki A, Mazoochi M, Mirzaei H. Electrochemical-Based Biosensors: New Diagnosis Platforms for Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2550-2575. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191024114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the major reasons for mortality throughout the world is cardiovascular diseases.
Therefore, bio-markers of cardiovascular disease are of high importance to diagnose and manage procedure.
Detecting biomarkers provided a promising procedure in developing bio-sensors. Fast, selective,
portable, accurate, inexpensive, and sensitive biomarker sensing instruments will be necessary for
detecting and predicting diseases. One of the cardiac biomarkers may be ordered as C-reactive proteins,
lipoprotein-linked phospho-lipase, troponin I or T, myoglobin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis
factor alpha, LDL and myeloperoxidase. The biomarkers are applied to anticipate cardio-vascular
illnesses. Initial diagnoses of these diseases are possible by several techniques; however, they are laborious
and need costly apparatus. Current researches designed various bio-sensors for resolving the respective
issues. Electrochemical instruments and the proposed bio-sensors are preferred over other
methods due to its inexpensiveness, mobility, reliability, repeatability. The present review comprehensively
dealt with detecting biomarkers of cardiovascular disease through electro-chemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nanotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sobnani-Nasab
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Soheila Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Hajimoradi
- Cardiology Department of Shohaday-e-Tajrish Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Mazoochi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Jiang C, Wang G, Hein R, Liu N, Luo X, Davis JJ. Antifouling Strategies for Selective In Vitro and In Vivo Sensing. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3852-3889. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nianzu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Baradoke A, Hein R, Li X, Davis JJ. Reagentless Redox Capacitive Assaying of C-Reactive Protein at a Polyaniline Interface. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3508-3511. [PMID: 32046485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Methods that enable the sensitive and label-free detection of protein biomarkers are well-positioned to make potentially significant contributions to diagnostics and derived personalized healthcare. In support of this goal, a myriad of (electrochemical) methodologies have been developed; recently, electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy emerged as an impedance-derived approach which, in employing surface-confined redox-transducers, circumvents problems associated with the use of solution-phase redox-probes. Herein, we expand this scope by utilizing phytic acid-doped polyaniline as a novel redox-charging polymer support enabling the reagentless assaying of C-reactive protein in serum with good sensitivity. The construction of the sensory interface via electropolymerization allows facile tuning of the surface coverage and redox (capacitive) properties of the polymers, which, in turn, modulate both assay selectivity, fouling, and sensitivity. Significantly, this methodology is readily extendable to a wide range of electrode materials and analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Baradoke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoxiong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Anions play a vital role in a broad range of environmental, technological, and physiological processes, making their detection/quantification valuable. Electroanalytical sensors offer much to the selective, sensitive, cheap, portable, and real-time analysis of anion presence where suitable combinations of selective (noncovalent) recognition and transduction can be integrated. Spurred on by significant developments in anion supramolecular chemistry, electrochemical anion sensing has received considerable attention in the past two decades. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of all electroanalytical techniques that have been used for this purpose, including voltammetric, impedimetric, capacititive, and potentiometric methods. We will confine our discussion to sensors that are based on synthetic anion receptors with a specific focus on reversible, noncovalent interactions, in particular, hydrogen- and halogen-bonding. Apart from their sensory properties, we will also discuss how electrochemical techniques can be used to study anion recognition processes (e.g., binding constant determination) and will furthermore provide a detailed outlook over future efforts and promising new avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
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Cecchetto J, Santos A, Mondini A, Cilli EM, Bueno PR. Serological point-of-care and label-free capacitive diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 151:111972. [PMID: 31999580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1 DENV) is considered a biomarker for dengue fever in an early stage. A sensitive and rapid assay for distinguishing positive from negative dengue infection samples is imperative for epidemic control and public health in tropical regions because it enables the development of instantaneous updatable databases and effective surveillance systems. Presently, we successfully report, for the first time, the use of the electrochemical capacitive method for the detection of NS1 DENV biomarker in human serum samples. By using a ferrocene-tagged peptide modified surface containing anti-NS1 as the receptor, it was possible to differentiate positive from negative samples with a p < 0.01 in a reagentless and label-free capacitive format. This capacitive assay had a cut-off of 1.36% (confidence interval of 99.99%); it therefore opens new avenues for developing miniature label-free electrochemical devices for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cecchetto
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mondini
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Garrote BL, Santos A, Bueno PR. Perspectives on and Precautions for the Uses of Electric Spectroscopic Methods in Label-free Biosensing Applications. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2216-2227. [PMID: 31394901 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Label-free approaches for molecular diagnostic applications are appealing because of their inherent point-of-care advantages. Nonetheless, technical challenges impose a limit on the use of these methods as will be discussed in this paper. Electrochemical spectroscopic methods, such as impedance and impedance-derived methods, are highly effective in the development of label-free diagnostic assays, but they require careful control of the dynamics of the sensing interface. We herein report the strength and challenges of the current methodologies associated with the applications of impedance and impedance-derived methods by focusing on their principles of operation. We demonstrate that the uses of their potentialities are not based on the know-how of these methods, but on how to combine the spectroscopic features with the required chemical design for the associated sensing interfaces. Predominantly, we illustrate how to use the resistive and capacitive terms of the interface to improve its sensitivity to the target. For instance, with the proper signal amplification strategy, limitations related to target-to-receptor size ratio can be overcome. The target-to-receptor ratio is one of the difficulties that we use as an example to illustrate how the sensing of an electric signal can be improved by controlling the properties of the interface on the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz L. Garrote
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni st, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni st, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista), 55 Prof. Francisco Degni st, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vilian ATE, Kim W, Park B, Oh SY, Kim T, Huh YS, Hwangbo CK, Han YK. Efficient electron-mediated electrochemical biosensor of gold wire for the rapid detection of C-reactive protein: A predictive strategy for heart failure. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111549. [PMID: 31400725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered a promising biomarker for the rapid and high-throughput real-time monitoring of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in unprocessed clinical samples. Implementation of this monitoring would enable various transformative biomedical applications. We have fabricated a highly specific sensor chip to detect CRP with a detection limit of 2.25 fg/mL. The protein was immobilized on top of a gold (Au) wire/polycarbonate (PC) substrate using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxy succinimide-activated 3-mercaptoproponic acid (MPA) as a self-assembled monolayer agent and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a blocking agent. In contrast to the bare PC substrate, the CRP/BSA/anti-CRP/MPA/Au substrate exhibited a considerably high electrochemical signal toward CRP. The influence of the experimental parameters on CRP detection was assessed via various analysis methods, and these parameters were then optimized. The linear dynamic range of the CRP was 5-220 fg/mL for voltammetric and impedance analysis. Morever, the strategy exhibited high selectivity against various potential interfering species and was capable of directly probing trace amounts of the target CRP in human serum with excellent selectivity. The analytical assay based on the CRP/BSA/anti-CRP/MPA/Au substrate could be exploited as a potentially useful tool for detecting CRP in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Ezhil Vilian
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjun Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeYoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Kwon Hwangbo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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Properties of Anti-CA125 antibody layers on screen-printed carbon electrodes modified by gold and platinum nanostructures. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Garrote BL, Fernandes FC, Cilli EM, Bueno PR. Field effect in molecule-gated switches and the role of target-to-receptor size ratio in biosensor sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 127:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang X, Chi KN, Li DL, Deng Y, Ma YC, Xu QQ, Hu R, Yang YH. 2D-porphrinic covalent organic framework-based aptasensor with enhanced photoelectrochemical response for the detection of C-reactive protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 129:64-71. [PMID: 30684856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor based on two-dimensional (2D) porphyrinic covalent organic frameworks (p-COFs) for the label-free detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) is presented. The obtained p-COFs possess high conductivity and an improved stability due to strong and rigid covalent linkages. The introduction of p-COFs hinder the recombination of electrons and holes, decreasing their band gap (Eg), thereby which improved the photocurrent conversion efficiency. Compared with pure porphyrin, p-COFs exhibited enhanced photocurrent intensity. An amplified photocurrent conversion efficiency and enhanced photocurrent results from H2O2, which act as active molecules and electron donors. As an unprecedented application of COFs in PEC bioanalysis, the detection of CRP with a PEC aptasensor is presented. The assembly of a CRP aptamer on the surface of Ag nanoparticles hinders the electron transfer, resulting in the decrease of the photocurrent response. This PEC aptasensor exhibits good analytical performances such as a rapid response, high stability, wide linear range and excellent selectivity, making COFs promising candidates for PEC bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Kuan-Neng Chi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - De-Lei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Yu-Chan Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Quan-Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Rong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Yun-Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
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Hein R, Borissov A, Smith MD, Beer PD, Davis JJ. A halogen-bonding foldamer molecular film for selective reagentless anion sensing in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4849-4852. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel halogen-bonding foldamer molecular film was utilised to achieve anion sensing in pure water via non-faradaic capacitance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | | | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
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Ben Aissa S, Mars A, Catanante G, Marty JL, Raouafi N. Design of a redox-active surface for ultrasensitive redox capacitive aptasensing of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Talanta 2018; 195:525-532. [PMID: 30625578 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the design of a novel label-free aptasensor based on ferrocene and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) for ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk. Given that silicon nanomaterials stand out by their high capacitive power, we used them to develop a novel capacitive transduction system based on electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS). This strategy relies on the changes of the redox capacitance signal owed to the surface-tethered ferrocene film, by performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements without using an external redox probe. The redox capacitance variation was found to correlate well with the increasing concentrations of AFM1 in the linear range from 10 to 500 fmol⋅L-1 with a sensitivity of 0.46 μF*fM-1*cm - 2. Furthermore, the aptasensor allowed to reach very low limits of detection and quantification equal to 4.53 fM and 14.95 fM, respectively. The platform revealed a high selectivity toward the target analyte, and it was applied to quantify very low concentrations of AFM1 in commercial pasteurized milk. Finally, the results of real sample analysis were successfully gauged against those obtained using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Ben Aissa
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Electrochimie (LR99ES15), Sensors and Biosensors Group, Campus Universitaire de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire BAE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex 9, France
| | - Abdelmoneim Mars
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Electrochimie (LR99ES15), Sensors and Biosensors Group, Campus Universitaire de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gaëlle Catanante
- Laboratoire BAE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- Laboratoire BAE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex 9, France.
| | - Noureddine Raouafi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Electrochimie (LR99ES15), Sensors and Biosensors Group, Campus Universitaire de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Soares AC, Soares JC, Rodrigues VC, Follmann HDM, Arantes LMRB, Carvalho AC, Melendez ME, Fregnani JHTG, Reis RM, Carvalho AL, Oliveira ON. Microfluidic-Based Genosensor To Detect Human Papillomavirus (HPV16) for Head and Neck Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36757-36763. [PMID: 30296059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly with HPV16 type, has been increasingly considered as an important etiologic factor in head and neck cancers. Detection of HPV16 is therefore crucial for these types of cancer, but clinical tests are not performed routinely in public health systems owing to the high cost and limitations of the existing tests. In this article, we report on a potentially low-cost genosensor capable of detecting low concentrations of HPV16 in buffer samples and distinguishing, with high accuracy, head and neck cancer cell lines according to their HPV16 status. The genosensor consisted of a microfluidic device that had an active layer of a HPV16 capture DNA probe (cpHPV16) deposited onto a layer-by-layer film of chitosan and chondroitin sulfate. Impedance spectroscopy was the principle of detection utilized, leading to a limit of detection of 10.5 pM for complementary ssDNA HPV16 oligos (ssHPV16). The genosensor was also able to distinguish among HPV16+ and HPV16- cell lines, using the multidimensional projection technique interactive document mapping. Hybridization between the ssHPV16 oligos and cpHPV16 probe was confirmed with polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, where PO2 and amide I and amide II bands from adenine and thymine were monitored. The electrical response could be modeled as resulting from an adsorption process represented in a Freundlich model. Because the fabrication procedures of the microfluidic devices and genosensors and the data collection and analysis can be implemented at low cost, the results presented here amount to a demonstration of possible routine screening for HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Coatrini Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , 13566-590 São Carlos , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Carolina Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , 14784-400 Barretos , Brazil
| | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , 14784-400 Barretos , Brazil
| | | | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , 14784-400 Barretos , Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences , University of Minho , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , 14784-400 Barretos , Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics , University of São Paulo , 13566-590 São Carlos , Brazil
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Wang Z, Liu J, Liu X, Shi X, Dai Z. Photoelectrochemical Approach to Apoptosis Evaluation via Multi-Functional Peptide- and Electrostatic Attraction-Guided Excitonic Response. Anal Chem 2018; 91:830-835. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyin Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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