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Wu H, Li X, Fu G, Xu P, Fan C, Shen L, Yang G, Wen C, Liu W. Ultrasensitive Detection of Dimethylamine Gas for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease Using CeO 2-Coated Ti 3C 2T x MXene/Carbon Nanofibers. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39291403 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neurological disorder, with dimethylamine (DMA) recognized as a crucial breath biomarker, particularly at the parts per billion (ppb) level. Detecting DMA gas at this level, especially at room temperature and high humidity, remains a formidable challenge. This study presents an ultrasensitive chemiresistor DMA gas sensor, leveraging the CeO2-coated Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon nanofiber (CeO2/MXene/C NFs) heterostructure to enhance dimethylamine sensing. The high conductivity of MXene, combined with C-Ti-O bonds and a sp2 hybridized hexagonal carbon structure, increases surface active sites. The presence of Ce3+ promotes the formation of surface-active oxygen species, while the MXene-CeO2 heterojunction broadens the electron depletion layer. Theoretical calculations reveal that the highest adsorption energy for DMA gas is at the Ce top site, explaining the sensor's satisfactory sensitivity, rapid response and recovery process, low detection limit (5 ppb), and high selectivity at room temperature. The Ce3+/Ce4+ dynamic self-refresh mechanism, involving surface hydroxyl elimination, enhances the sensor's performance under high-humid conditions. Clinical breath tests demonstrate the sensor's ability to distinguish between healthy individuals and Parkinson's disease patients, paving the way for developing next-generation sensors for early diagnosis of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Xueguo Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Guohui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Chonggui Fan
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Changming Wen
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering, Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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2
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Liu X, Chen Q, Xu S, Wu J, Zhao J, He Z, Pan A, Wu J. A Prototype of Graphene E-Nose for Exhaled Breath Detection and Label-Free Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401695. [PMID: 38965802 PMCID: PMC11425842 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP), a common microanaerobic bacteria that lives in the human mouth and stomach, is reported to infect ≈50% of the global population. The current diagnostic methods for HP are either invasive, time-consuming, or harmful. Therefore, a noninvasive and label-free HP diagnostic method needs to be developed urgently. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is composited with different metal-based materials to construct a graphene-based electronic nose (e-nose), which exhibits excellent sensitivity and cross-reactive response to several gases in exhaled breath (EB). Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that four typical types of gases in EB can be well discriminated. Additionally, the potential of the e-nose in label-free detection of HP infection is demonstrated through the measurement and analysis of EB samples. Furthermore, a prototype of an e-nose device is designed and constructed for automatic EB detection and HP diagnosis. The accuracy of the prototype machine integrated with the graphene-based e-nose can reach 92% and 91% in the training and validation sets, respectively. These results demonstrate that the highly sensitive graphene-based e-nose has great potential for the label-free diagnosis of HP and may become a novel tool for non-invasive disease screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic‐based DiagnosticsInstitute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Qiaofen Chen
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic‐based DiagnosticsInstitute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Will‐think Sensing Technology Co., LTDHangzhou310030China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic‐based DiagnosticsInstitute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic‐based DiagnosticsInstitute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic‐based DiagnosticsInstitute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
| | - Aiwu Pan
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310003China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic‐based DiagnosticsInstitute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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3
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Fan C, Yang J, Mehrez JAA, Zhang Y, Quan W, Wu J, Liu X, Zeng M, Hu N, Wang T, Tian B, Fan X, Yang Z. Mesoporous and Encapsulated In 2O 3/Ti 3C 2T x Schottky Heterojunctions for Rapid and ppb-Level NO 2 Detection at Room Temperature. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2372-2382. [PMID: 38401047 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of toxic gases at room temperature is highly desired in health protection but presents grand challenges in the sensing materials reported so far. Here, we present a gas sensor based on novel zero dimensional (0D)/two dimensional (2D) indium oxide (In2O3)/titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) Schottky heterostructures with a high surface area and rich oxygen vacancies for parts per billion (ppb) level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detection at room temperature. The In2O3/Ti3C2Tx gas sensor exhibits a fast response time (4 s), good response (193.45% to 250 ppb NO2), high selectivity, and excellent cycling stability. The rich surface oxygen vacancies play the role of active sites for the adsorption of NO2 molecules, and the Schottky junctions effectively adjust the charge-transfer behavior through the conduction tunnel in the sensing material. Furthermore, In2O3 nanoparticles almost fully cover the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets which can avoid the oxidation of Ti3C2Tx, thus contributing to the good cycling stability of the sensing materials. This work sheds light on the sensing mechanism of heterojunction nanostructures and provides an efficient pathway to construct high-performance gas sensors through the rational design of active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jaafar Abdul-Aziz Mehrez
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Nantao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bing Tian
- Digital Grid Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Fan
- Digital Grid Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Sun Y, Lu X, Huang Y, Wang G. Microwave-Solvothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous CeO 2/CNCs Nanocomposite for Enhanced Room Temperature NO 2 Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:812. [PMID: 38786769 PMCID: PMC11124451 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensors are pivotal in upholding environmental integrity and human health, necessitating heightened sensitivity and exceptional selectivity. Despite the prevalent use of metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) for NO2 detection, extant solutions exhibit shortcomings in meeting practical application criteria, specifically in response, selectivity, and operational temperatures. Here, we successfully employed a facile microwave-solvothermal method to synthesize a mesoporous CeO2/CNCs nanocomposite. This methodology entails the rapid and comprehensive dispersion of CeO2 nanoparticles onto helical carbon nanocoils (CNCs), resulting in augmented electronic conductivity and an abundance of active sites within the composite. Consequently, the gas-sensing sensitivity of the nanocomposite at room temperature experienced a notable enhancement. Moreover, the presence of cerium oxide and the conversion of Ce3+ and Ce4+ ions facilitated the generation of oxygen vacancies in the composites, thereby further amplifying the sensing performance. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that the nanocomposite exhibited an approximate 9-fold increase in response to 50 ppm NO2 in comparison to pure CNCs at room temperature. Additionally, the CeO2/CNCs sensor displayed remarkable selectivity towards NO2 when exposed to gases such as NH3, CO, SO2, CO2, and C2H5OH. This straightforward microwave-solvothermal method presents an appealing strategy for the research and development of intelligent sensors based on CNCs nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Sun
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanchen Huang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (X.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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5
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Zhao H, Li J, She X, Chen Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Du A, Tang C, Zou C, Zhou Y. Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Bimetallic Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanosphere-Functionalized Electrospun ZnFe 2O 4 Nanofibers for Chemiresistive Breath Acetone Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2183-2193. [PMID: 38588327 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective acetone detection is of great significance in the fields of environmental protection, industrial production, and individual health monitoring from exhaled breath. To achieve this goal, bimetallic Au@Pt core-shell nanospheres (BNSs) functionalized-electrospun ZnFe2O4 nanofibers (ZFO NFs) are prepared in this work. Compared to pure NFs-650 analogue, the ZFO NFs/BNSs-2 sensor exhibits a stronger mean response (3.32 vs 1.84), quicker response/recovery speeds (33 s/28 s vs 54 s/42 s), and lower operating temperature (188 vs 273 °C) toward 0.5 ppm acetone. Note that an experimental detection limit of 30 ppb is achieved, which ranks among the best cases reported thus far. Besides the demonstrated excellent repeatability, humidity-enhanced response, and long-term stability, the selectivity toward acetone is remarkably improved after BNSs functionalization. Through material characterizations and DFT calculations, all these improvements could be attributed to the boosted oxygen vacancies and abundant Schottky junctions between ZFO NFs and BNSs, and the synergistic catalytic effect of BNSs. This work offers an alternative strategy to realize selective subppm acetone under high-humidity conditions catering for the future requirements of noninvasive breath diabetes diagnosis in the field of individual healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng She
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre of Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre of Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Cheng Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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6
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Wu S, Zhou Q, Ju W, Wang Y, Yong Y, Liu X, Hou J, Zhao Z. First-principles investigation on the sensitivity of germanene/graphene heterostructure toward methane gas. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2186156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wu
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiao Zhou
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
- Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Wang
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Yong
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Zhao
- College of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Bandgap engineering approach for designing CuO/Mn 3O 4/CeO 2 heterojunction as a novel photocatalyst for AOP-assisted degradation of Malachite green dye. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3009. [PMID: 36810633 PMCID: PMC9944963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A ternary nanohybrid CuO/Mn3O4/CeO2 was developed in the present work using a co-precipitation-assisted hydrothermal method. The designed photocatalyst's structural, morphology, elemental composition, electronic states of elements, and optical properties were studied using corresponding analytical techniques. Results from PXRD, TEM/HRTEM, XPS, EDAX, and PL showed that the desired nanostructure had formed. Using Tauc's energy band gap plot, it was determined that the nanostructures band gap was ~ 2.44 eV, which showed the band margins of the various moieties, CeO2, Mn3O4, and CuO, had modified. Thus, improved redox conditions led to a substantial decrease in the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs, which was further explained by a PL study in that charge separation plays a key role. Under exposure to visible light irradiation for 60 min, it was revealed that the photocatalyst achieved 98.98% of photodegradation efficiency for malachite green (MG) dye. The process of photodegradation proceeded according to a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic model with an excellent rate of reaction of 0.07295 min-1 with R2 = 0.99144. The impacts of different reaction variables, inorganic salts, and water matrices were investigated. This research seeks to create a ternary nanohybrid photocatalyst with high photostability, visible spectrum activity, and reusability up to four cycles.
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Hussain A, Zhang X, Shi Y, Bushira FA, Barkae TH, Ji K, Guan Y, Chen W, Xu G. Generation of Oxygen Vacancies in Metal-Organic Framework-Derived One-Dimensional Ni 0.4Fe 2.6O 4 Nanorice Heterojunctions for ppb-Level Diethylamine Gas Sensing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1747-1754. [PMID: 36592382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal sensing materials due to their distinctive morphologies, high surface area, and simple calcination to remove sacrificial MOF scaffolds. Oxygen vacancies (Ovs) can be efficiently generated by the thermal annealing of metal oxides in an inert atmosphere. Herein, MIL-53-based Fe and Fe/Ni-MOFs nanorices (NRs) were first prepared by using a solvothermal method, and then one-dimensional (1D) Fe2O3 and Ni0.4Fe2.6O4 NRs were derived from the MOFs after calcination at 350 °C in an air and argon (Ar) atmosphere, respectively. It was found that Ar-annealed Ni0.4Fe2.6O4 NRs have higher Ovs concentrations (82.11%) and smaller NRs (24.3 nm) than air-annealed NRs (65.68% & 31.5 nm). Beneficially, among the synthesized NRs, the Ar-Ni0.4Fe2.6O4 NRs show a higher sensitivity to diethylamine (DEA) (Ra/Rg = 23 @ 5 ppm, 175 °C), low detection limit (Ra/Rg = 1.2 @ 200 ppb), wide dynamic response (Ra/Rg = 93.5@ 30 ppm), high stability (30 days), and faster response/recovery time (4 s/38 s). Moreover, the 1D nanostructure containing heterostructures offers excellent sensing selectivity and a wide detection range from 200 ppb to 30 ppm in the presence of DEA. The outstanding gas sensing behavior can be attributable to synergistic impact, structural advantages, high concentration of Ovs, and the heterojunction interface, which can have profound effects on gas sensor performance. This study provides a unique technique for constructing high-performance gas sensors for ppb-level DEA detection and the formation of Ovs in metal oxides without the need for any additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-Ku, Yokohama226-8502, Japan
| | - Fuad Abduro Bushira
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
| | - Tesfaye Hailemariam Barkae
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi541004, China
| | - Yiran Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi541004, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
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Ma Z, Sun J, Bu M, Xiu K, Wang Z, Gao L. Oxygen Plasma-Assisted Defect Engineering of Graphene Nanocomposites with Ultrasmall Co 3O 4 Nanocrystals for Monitoring Toxic Nitrogen Dioxide at Room Temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7290-7299. [PMID: 35642555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional adjustment of graphene with metal oxide can in fact progress the affectability of graphene-based gas sensors. However, it could be a huge challenge to upgrade the detecting execution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors at room temperature. The ultrasmall size of nanocrystals (NCs) and copious defects are two key variables for moving forward gas detecting execution. Herein, we provide an effective strategy that the hydrothermal reaction is combined with room-temperature oxygen plasma treatment to prepare Co3O4 NCs and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanohybrids (Co3O4-RGO). Among all of Co3O4-RGO nanohybrids, Co3O4-RGO-60 W exhibits the most superior NO2 sensing properties and achieves the low-concentration detection of NO2. The sensitivity of Co3O4-RGO-60 W to 20 ppm NO2 at room temperature is the highest (72.36%). The excellent sensing properties can mainly depend on the change in the microstructure of Co3O4-RGO. Compared with Co3O4-RGO, Co3O4-RGO-60 W with oxygen plasma treatment shows more favorable properties for NO2 adsorption, including the smaller size of Co3O4 NCs, larger specific surface area, pore size, and more oxygen vacancies (OVs). Especially, OVs make the surface of NCs have a unique chemical state, which can increase active sites and improve the adsorption property of NO2. Besides, the agreeable impact of the p-p heterojunction (Co3O4 and RGO) and the doping of N molecule contribute to the improved NO2 detecting properties. It is demonstrated that the Co3O4-RGO-60 W sensor is expected to monitor NO2 at room temperature sensitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Ma
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Sun
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Bu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Kunhao Xiu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Ziying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lingxiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
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10
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Lykhach Y, Johánek V, Neitzel A, Skála T, Tsud N, Beranová K, Mysliveček J, Brummel O, Libuda J. Redox-mediated C-C bond scission in alcohols adsorbed on CeO 2-xthin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:194002. [PMID: 35108686 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition mechanisms of ethanol and ethylene glycol on well-ordered stoichiometric CeO2(111) and partially reduced CeO2-x(111) films were investigated by means of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, resonant photoemission spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption. Both alcohols partially deprotonate upon adsorption at 150 K and subsequent annealing yielding stable ethoxy and ethylenedioxy species. The C-C bond scission in both ethoxy and ethylenedioxy species on stoichiometric CeO2(111) involves formation of acetaldehyde-like intermediates and yields CO and CO2accompanied by desorption of acetaldehyde, H2O, and H2. This decomposition pathway leads to the formation of oxygen vacancies. In the presence of oxygen vacancies, C-O bond scission in ethoxy species yields C2H4. In contrast, C-C bond scission in ethylenedioxy species on the partially reduced CeO2-x(111) is favored with respect to C-O bond scission and yields methanol, formaldehyde, and CO accompanied by the desorption of H2O and H2. Still, scission of C-O bonds on both sides of the ethylenedioxy species yields minor amounts of accompanying C2H4and C2H2. C-O bond scission is coupled with a partial recovery of the lattice oxygen in competition with its removal in the form of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslava Lykhach
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktor Johánek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Armin Neitzel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomáš Skála
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya Tsud
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Beranová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mysliveček
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Shanmugam P, Pushparaj K, Sundaramurthy A, Sivalingam Y. Investigation of UV light enhanced gas adsorption properties of CeO2 Nanoparticles by Scanning Kelvin Probe system. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Sang Y, Cao X, Ding G, Guo Z, Xue Y, Li G, Yu R. Constructing oxygen vacancy-enriched Fe 2O 3@NiO heterojunctions for highly efficient electrocatalytic alkaline water splitting. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01309b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen vacancy-enriched Fe2O3@NiO heterojunctions assembled by nanoparticles and nanosheets can be used as a highly efficient and stable dual-function electrocatalyst to achieve efficient all-water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, The Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xi Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, The Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Gaofei Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, The Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, The Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Xue
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, The Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Guohong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, The Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Runhan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, The Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
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13
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G. C. SS, Alkanad K, Alnaggar G, Al-Zaqri N, Bajiri MA, B. T, Dhileepan MD, Neppolian B, K. LN. Surface defect-engineered CeO2−x by ultrasound treatment for superior photocatalytic H2 production and water treatment. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01940f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We designed a CeO2−x photocatalyst under the influence of low-frequency ultrasonic waves to generate surface oxygen vacancies for efficient photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Shekar G. C.
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Khaled Alkanad
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Gubran Alnaggar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Bajiri
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, India
| | - Thejaswini B.
- PG Department of Physics, St. Philomena's College, University of Mysore, Bannimantap, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - M. D. Dhileepan
- Energy and Environmental Remediation Lab, SRM-Research Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Bernaurdshaw Neppolian
- Energy and Environmental Remediation Lab, SRM-Research Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Lokanath N. K.
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, India
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14
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Wang H, Ma J, Zhang J, Feng Y, Vijjapu MT, Yuvaraja S, Surya SG, Salama KN, Dong C, Wang Y, Kuang Q, Tshabalala ZP, Motaung DE, Liu X, Yang J, Fu H, Yang X, An X, Zhou S, Zi B, Liu Q, Urso M, Zhang B, Akande AA, Prasad AK, Hung CM, Van Duy N, Hoa ND, Wu K, Zhang C, Kumar R, Kumar M, Kim Y, Wu J, Wu Z, Yang X, Vanalakar SA, Luo J, Kan H, Li M, Jang HW, Orlandi MO, Mirzaei A, Kim HW, Kim SS, Uddin ASMI, Wang J, Xia Y, Wongchoosuk C, Nag A, Mukhopadhyay S, Saxena N, Kumar P, Do JS, Lee JH, Hong S, Jeong Y, Jung G, Shin W, Park J, Bruzzi M, Zhu C, Gerald RE, Huang J. Gas sensing materials roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33. [PMID: 33794513 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensor technology is widely utilized in various areas ranging from home security, environment and air pollution, to industrial production. It also hold great promise in non-invasive exhaled breath detection and an essential device in future internet of things. The past decade has witnessed giant advance in both fundamental research and industrial development of gas sensors, yet current efforts are being explored to achieve better selectivity, higher sensitivity and lower power consumption. The sensing layer in gas sensors have attracted dominant attention in the past research. In addition to the conventional metal oxide semiconductors, emerging nanocomposites and graphene-like two-dimensional materials also have drawn considerable research interest. This inspires us to organize this comprehensive 2020 gas sensing materials roadmap to discuss the current status, state-of-the-art progress, and present and future challenges in various materials that is potentially useful for gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mani Teja Vijjapu
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Yuvaraja
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep G Surya
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengjun Dong
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yude Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zamaswazi P Tshabalala
- Department of Physics, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - David E Motaung
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300, South Africa
- Department of Physics, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Fu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhong An
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoye Zi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingju Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Mario Urso
- IMM-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Ettore Majorana', Università di Catania, via S Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800#, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - A A Akande
- Department of Physics, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Advanced Internet of Things, CSIR NextGen Enterprises and Institutions, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Arun K Prasad
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, India
| | - Chu Manh Hung
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), No 1-Dai Co Viet Str. Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Duy
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), No 1-Dai Co Viet Str. Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Hoa
- International Training Institute for Materials Science (ITIMS), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), No 1-Dai Co Viet Str. Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kaidi Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, People's Republic of China
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, India
| | - Youngjun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - S A Vanalakar
- Department of Physics, Karmaveer Hire Arts, Science, Commerce and Education College, Gargoti 416-009, India
| | - Jingting Luo
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Kan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcelo Ornaghi Orlandi
- Department of of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara - SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Ali Mirzaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - A S M Iftekhar Uddin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Metropolitan University, Bateshwar, Sylhet-3103, Bangladesh
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xia
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chatchawal Wongchoosuk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Anindya Nag
- DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Nupur Saxena
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Samba, Jammu, J&K-181143, India
| | - Pragati Kumar
- Department of Nanosciences and Materials, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Samba, Jammu, J & K -181143, India
| | - Jing-Shan Do
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 41170, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuweon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mara Bruzzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Unviersity of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO65409, United States of America
| | - Rex E Gerald
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO65409, United States of America
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO65409, United States of America
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15
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Celik E, Ma Y, Brezesinski T, Elm MT. Ordered mesoporous metal oxides for electrochemical applications: correlation between structure, electrical properties and device performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10706-10735. [PMID: 33978649 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous metal oxides with a high specific surface area, tailored porosity and engineered interfaces are promising materials for electrochemical applications. In particular, the method of evaporation-induced self-assembly allows the formation of nanocrystalline films of controlled thickness on polar substrates. In general, mesoporous materials have the advantage of benefiting from a unique combination of structural, chemical and physical properties. This Perspective article addresses the structural characteristics and the electrical (charge-transport) properties of mesoporous metal oxides and how these affect their application in energy storage, catalysis and gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdogan Celik
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Yanjiao Ma
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Torsten Brezesinski
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Matthias T Elm
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany. and Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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16
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Uekawa N. Synthesis of Defect and Valence State Tuned Metal Oxide Nanoparticles with Colloid Chemical Solution Process: Control of Optical and Electrical Characteristics. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Uekawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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17
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Du Y, Xue J, Sun X, Wu D, Liu X, Ju H, Yang L, Wei Q. Oxygen Vacancy-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Strategy Using Luminol Thermally Encapsulated in Apoferritin as a Transducer for Biomarker Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8472-8479. [PMID: 32438803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies (OVs) enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing strategy using luminol thermally encapsulated in apoferritin (Lum@apoFt) as an efficient transducer was investigated for ultrasensitive biomarker detection. By applying the oxygen-defect engineering (ODE) strategy, the OVs enriched cobalt-iron oxide (r-CoFe2O4) was fabricated as the sensing substrate to boost the electron mobility and catalyze the generation of superoxide anion radical (O2•-) for signal amplification. It should be noted that r-CoFe2O4 with higher OVs density dramatically accelerated the ECL reaction between O2•- and luminol anionic radicals, achieving 6.5-fold stronger ECL output than CoFe2O4 with no or low OVs density. Moreover, facile encapsulation of approximate 412 luminol molecules in a single apoFt cavity was first realized by an efficient thermal-induction method. The obtained Lum@apoFt complexes exhibited well-maintained ECL efficiency and excellent biocompatibility for biological modifications. On this basis, a biosensor was developed for early diagnostics of squamous cell carcinomas by detecting its representative biomarker named cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1), from which excellent linearity was achieved in 0.5 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.14 pg/mL. This work not only put forward a novel idea of creating OVs enriched sensing interface with excellent signal-amplification function but also proposes a facile and robust methodology to design apoFt-based transducers for developing more practical nanoscale biosensors in early diagnostics of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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18
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Ayodhya D, Veerabhadram G. Green synthesis of garlic extract stabilized Ag@CeO2 composites for photocatalytic and sonocatalytic degradation of mixed dyes and antimicrobial studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Tian Z, Bai H, Li Y, Liu W, Li J, Kong Q, Xi G. Gas-Sensing Activity of Amorphous Copper Oxide Porous Nanosheets. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:80-86. [PMID: 31988843 PMCID: PMC6966994 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the gas-sensing properties of copper oxide porous nanosheets in amorphous and highly crystalline states were comparatively investigated on the premise of almost the same specific surface area, morphology and size. Unexpectedly, the results show that amorphous copper oxide porous nanosheets have much better gas sensing properties than highly crystalline copper oxide to a serious of volatile organic compounds, and the lowest detection limit (LOD) of the amorphous copper oxide porous nanosheets to methanal is even up to 10 ppb. By contrast, the LOD of the highly crystalline copper oxide porous nanosheets to methanal is 95 ppb. Experiments prove that the oxygen vacancies contained in the amorphous copper oxide porous nanosheets play a key role in improving gas sensitivity, which greatly improve the chemical activity of the materials, especially for the adsorption of molecules containing oxygen-groups such as methanal and oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tian
- School of the Environment and Safety engineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013P. R. China
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineNo. 11, Ronghua South RoadBeijing
| | - Hua Bai
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineNo. 11, Ronghua South RoadBeijing
| | - Yahui Li
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineNo. 11, Ronghua South RoadBeijing
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineNo. 11, Ronghua South RoadBeijing
| | - Junfang Li
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineNo. 11, Ronghua South RoadBeijing
| | - Qinghong Kong
- School of the Environment and Safety engineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013P. R. China
| | - Guangcheng Xi
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product SafetyChinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineNo. 11, Ronghua South RoadBeijing
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DNA-scaffold copper nanoclusters integrated into a cerium(III)-triggered Fenton-like reaction for the fluorometric and colorimetric enzymatic determination of glucose. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:862. [PMID: 31792614 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A fluorometric and colorimetric method are described for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose by integrating copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) into a Fenton-like reaction. The mechanism mainly depends on the fast formation of long-strand DNA-templated CuNCs with strong red fluorescence (with excitation/emission maxima at 340/640 nm) in the absence of H2O2. The DNA can be cleaved into short-oligonucleotide fragments by hydroxy radicals as formed in the Ce(III)-triggered Fenton-like reaction in the presence of H2O2. As a result, short-strand DNA loses the ability as a template for the formation of CuNCs. This leads to a decrease of fluorescence. The colorimetric assay, in turn, is based on the oxidation of colorless Ce(III) ions to the distinctly yellow Ce(IV) ions (with an absorption maximum at 400 nm) by H2O2. Compared with those assays based on the use of enzyme mimics, this method does not require any chromogenic substrates such as ABTS and TMB. Based on the dual-signal readout platform, we successfully achieved the detection of H2O2 and glucose. LODs are as low as 0.266 μM and 2.92 μM. The methods were applied to the sensitive determination of glucose by using glucose oxidase (GOx) which catalyzes the oxidization of glucose to produce H2O2. The practical application was demonstrated by determination of glucose in human serum, with apparent recoveries of 98.4-101.9% and 99.1-105.6%, respectively. The concentration of glucose ranges from 1 to 500 μM and 50 to 600 μM based on the dual-signal readout platform, respectively. This fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode strategy will pave a new avenue for constructing effective assays for H2O2-related analytes in biochemical and clinical applications. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of a fluorometric and colorimetric dual-readout strategy for the sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. The assay has been designed by integrating copper nanoclusters into a Ce(III)-triggered Fenton-like reaction.
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Gao X, Shen Y, Ma Y, Wu S, Zhou Z. Theoretical Insights into Two-Dimensional IV–V Compounds: Photocatalysts for the Overall Water Splitting and Nanoelectronic Applications. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12053-12068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Shen
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shengyao Wu
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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22
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Guo W, Zhao B, Zhou Q, He Y, Wang Z, Radacsi N. Fe-Doped ZnO/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite with Synergic Enhanced Gas Sensing Performance for the Effective Detection of Formaldehyde. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10252-10262. [PMID: 31460117 PMCID: PMC6648138 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of Fe-doped ZnO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites for gas sensing applications via a one-pot hydrothermal process. A wide range of characterization techniques were used to confirm the successful fabrication of the nanocomposite material and to determine the surface area, the structural and morphological properties, the chemical composition, and the purity of the samples, such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The gas sensing performance to formaldehyde was studied thoroughly in a temperature-controlled test chamber. Compared to that of the bare ZnO and ZnO/rGO nanocomposites, the as-prepared 5 atom % Fe-doped ZnO/rGO nanocomposites presented significantly enhanced gas sensing performance to formaldehyde at relatively low temperatures. Whereas most formaldehyde sensors operate at 150 °C and can detect as low as 100 ppm concentrations, the presented sensor can detect 5 ppm formaldehyde at 120 °C. Its fast response-recovery time, high stability, and high selectivity make it an ideal sensor; however, it can exhibit degenerative gas sensing performance at elevated relative humidity. The enhanced gas sensing mechanism was explained as the synergic effect of rGO and Fe doping. The results demonstrate that Fe doping and decorating the nanocomposite with rGO are promising approaches for achieving a superior gas sensing performance for the development of ZnO gas sensors for the detection of formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College
of Environment and Resources, Chongqing
Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bangyu Zhao
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College
of Environment and Resources, Chongqing
Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qilin Zhou
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College
of Environment and Resources, Chongqing
Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youzhou He
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College
of Environment and Resources, Chongqing
Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- Department
of Quantum and Energy Materials, International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School
of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United
Kingdom
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23
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Elger AK, Baranyai J, Hofmann K, Hess C. Direct Operando Spectroscopic Observation of Oxygen Vacancies in Working Ceria-Based Gas Sensors. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1497-1501. [PMID: 31117364 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-oxide semiconductors are of great interest for gas-sensing applications. We provide new insights into the mode of operation of ceria-based gas sensors during ethanol gas sensing using combined operando Raman-gas-phase FTIR spectroscopy. Visible Raman spectroscopy is employed to monitor the presence of oxygen vacancies in ceria via F2g mode softening, while simultaneously recorded FTIR spectra capture the gas-phase composition. Such an experimental approach allowing the direct observation of oxygen vacancies in metal-oxide gas sensors has not been reported in the literature. By systematically varying the gas atmosphere and temperature, we can relate the sensor response to the spectroscopic signals, enabling us to obtain new fundamental insight into the functioning of metal-oxide semiconductor gas sensors, as well as their differences from heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Elger
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julian Baranyai
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hofmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Hess
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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24
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Singh RD, Koli PB, Jagdale BS, Patil AV. Effect of firing temperature on structural and electrical parameters of synthesized CeO2 thick films. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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25
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Wang Z, Han T, Fei T, Liu S, Zhang T. Investigation of Microstructure Effect on NO 2 Sensors Based on SnO 2 Nanoparticles/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41773-41783. [PMID: 30419750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The microstructures of metal oxide-modified reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are expected to significantly affect room-temperature (RT) gas sensing properties, where the microstructures are dependent on the synthesis methods. Herein, we demonstrate the effect of microstructures on RT NO2 sensing properties by taking typical SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) embellished RGO (SnO2 NPs-RGO) hybrids as examples. The samples were synthesized by growing SnO2 NPs on RGO through hydrothermal reduction (SnO2 NPs-RGO-PR), which display the advantages such as high reactivity of the SnO2 surface with NO2, more oxygen vacancies (OV) and chemisorbed oxygen (OC), close contact between SnO2 NPs and RGO, and large surface area, compared to the samples prepared by one-pot hydrothermal synthesis from Sn4+ and GO (SnO2 NPs-RGO-IS), and the assembly of SnO2 NPs on RGO (SnO2 NPs-RGO-SA). As expected, the SnO2 NPs-RGO-PR-based sensor presents high sensitivity towards 5 ppm NO2 (65.5%), but 35.0% for the SnO2 NPs-RGO-IS-based sensor and 32.8% for the SnO2 NPs-RGO-SA-based sensor at RT. Meanwhile, the corresponding response time and recovery time calculated by achieving 90% of the current change of the SnO2 NPs-RGO-PR-based sensor for exposure to NO2 is 12 s and to air is 17 s, respectively, whereas 74/42 s for the SnO2 NPs-RGO-IS-based sensor and 77/90 s for the SnO2 NPs-RGO-SA-based sensor. The results can prove the tailoring sensing behavior of the gas sensor according to different structures of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
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26
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Raza Naqvi ST, Shirinfar B, Majeed S, Najam-ul-Haq M, Hussain D, Iqbal T, Ahmed N. Synthesis, design and sensing applications of nanostructured ceria-based materials. Analyst 2018; 143:5610-5628. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerium-based materials possess redox properties due to the presence of dual valence states of Ce3+ and Ce4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Tayyab Raza Naqvi
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Bahauddin Zakariya University
- Multan 60800
- Pakistan
| | | | - Saadat Majeed
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Bahauddin Zakariya University
- Multan 60800
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Bahauddin Zakariya University
- Multan 60800
- Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Bahauddin Zakariya University
- Multan 60800
- Pakistan
| | - Tanyia Iqbal
- Division of Analytical Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Bahauddin Zakariya University
- Multan 60800
- Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences
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