1
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Zhao T, Carroll K, Craven CB, Wawryk NJP, Xing S, Guo J, Li XF, Huan T. HDPairFinder: A data processing platform for hydrogen/deuterium isotopic labeling-based nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in environmental water. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:583-593. [PMID: 37923467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) is a powerful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samples. Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in HPLC-HRMS analysis, identifying all possible H/D-labeled amino chemicals presents a significant challenge in data processing. To address this, we designed a streamlined data processing pipeline that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw HPLC-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency. First, we developed a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotopic effects, which enables reliable pairing of H- and D-labeled peaks. Second, we implemented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation, salt adduction, and natural 13C isotopes. Third, we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed primary and secondary amines to facilitate putative compound annotation. Finally, we integrated these modules into a freely available R program, HDPairFinder.R. The rationale of each module was justified and its performance tested using experimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samples. We further demonstrated the application of HDPairFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants, thus enabling the monitoring of changes of primary and secondary N-compounds in authentic water samples. HDPairFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rapid processing of H/D isotopic methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samples, and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical compounds in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kristin Carroll
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Caley B Craven
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Nicholas J P Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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2
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Hu CW, Chang YJ, Chang WH, Cooke MS, Chen YR, Chao MR. A Novel Adductomics Workflow Incorporating FeatureHunter Software: Rapid Detection of Nucleic Acid Modifications for Studying the Exposome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:75-89. [PMID: 38153287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the physicochemical agents that interact with nucleic acids (NA) may lead to modification of DNA and RNA (i.e., NA modifications), which have been associated with various diseases, including cancer. The emerging field of NA adductomics aims to identify both known and unknown NA modifications, some of which may also be associated with proteins. One of the main challenges for adductomics is the processing of massive and complex data generated by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS). To address this, we have developed a software called "FeatureHunter", which provides the automated extraction, annotation, and classification of different types of key NA modifications based on the MS and MS/MS spectra acquired by HR-MS/MS, using a user-defined feature list. The capability and effectiveness of FeatureHunter was demonstrated by analyzing various NA modifications induced by formaldehyde or chlorambucil in mixtures of calf thymus DNA, yeast RNA and proteins, and by analyzing the NA modifications present in the pooled urines of smokers and nonsmokers. The incorporation of FeatureHunter into the NA adductomics workflow offers a powerful tool for the identification and classification of various types of NA modifications induced by reactive chemicals in complex biological samples, providing a valuable resource for studying the exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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3
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Li Y, Dator RP, Maertens LA, Balbo S, Hecht SS. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Profiling of Urinary Metabolites of N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in the Rat. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:769-781. [PMID: 37017527 PMCID: PMC10429506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and its close analogue 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The currently used biomarker to monitor NNN exposure is urinary total NNN (free NNN plus its N-glucuronide). However, total NNN does not provide information about the extent of metabolic activation of NNN as related to its carcinogenicity. Targeted analysis of the major metabolites of NNN in laboratory animals recently led to the identification of N'-nitrosonornicotine-1N-oxide (NNN-N-oxide), a unique metabolite detected in human urine that is specifically formed from NNN. To further investigate NNN urinary metabolites that hold promise as new biomarkers for monitoring NNN exposure, uptake, and/or metabolic activation, we conducted a comprehensive profiling of NNN metabolites in the urine of F344 rats treated with NNN or [pyridine-d4]NNN. Using our optimized high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based isotope-labeling method, 46 putative metabolites were identified with robust MS evidence. Out of the 46 candidates, all known major NNN metabolites were identified and structurally confirmed by comparing them to their isotopically labeled standards. More importantly, putative metabolites considered to be exclusively formed from NNN were also identified. The two new representative metabolites─4-(methylthio)-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanoic acid (23, MPBA) and N-acetyl-S-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-l-cysteine (24, Py-Pyrrole-Cys-NHAc) ─were identified by comparing them to synthetic standards that were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and HRMS. They are hypothesized to be formed by NNN α-hydroxylation pathways and thus represent the first potential biomarkers to specifically monitor the uptake plus metabolic activation of NNN in tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Romel P. Dator
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Laura A. Maertens
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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4
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Dator RP, Murray KJ, Luedtke MW, Jacobs FC, Kassie F, Nguyen HD, Villalta PW, Balbo S. Identification of Formaldehyde-Induced DNA-RNA Cross-Links in the A/J Mouse Lung Tumorigenesis Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2025-2036. [PMID: 36356054 PMCID: PMC10336729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent lung carcinogen present in tobacco products, and exposure to it is likely one of the factors contributing to the development of lung cancer in cigarette smokers. To exert its carcinogenic effects, NNK must be metabolically activated into highly reactive species generating a wide spectrum of DNA damage. We have identified a new class of DNA adducts, DNA-RNA cross-links found for the first time in NNK-treated mice lung DNA using our improved high-resolution accurate mass segmented full scan data-dependent neutral loss MS3 screening strategy. The levels of these DNA-RNA cross-links were found to be significantly higher in NNK-treated mice compared to the corresponding controls, which is consistent with higher levels of formaldehyde due to NNK metabolism as compared to endogenous levels. We hypothesize that this DNA-RNA cross-linking occurs through reaction with NNK-generated formaldehyde and speculate that this phenomenon has broad implications for NNK-induced carcinogenesis. The structures of these cross-links were characterized using high-resolution LC-MS2 and LC-MS3 accurate mass spectral analysis and comparison to a newly synthesized standard. Taken together, our data demonstrate a previously unknown link between DNA-RNA cross-link adducts and NNK and provide a unique opportunity to further investigate how these novel NNK-derived DNA-RNA cross-links contribute to carcinogenesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romel P. Dator
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kevin J. Murray
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | | | - Foster C. Jacobs
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Hai Dang Nguyen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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5
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Li Y, Hecht SS. Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of N'-Nitrosonornicotine-1 N-oxide in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers and Smokeless Tobacco Users. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1579-1588. [PMID: 36006857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which always occur together and are present exclusively in tobacco products, are classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. While 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) serves as an excellent biomarker for NNK exposure, the currently available biomarker for NNN exposure is urinary "total NNN" (free NNN plus its N-glucuronide). Quantitation of urinary NNN requires extensive precautions to prevent artifactual formation of NNN resulting from nitrosation of nornicotine during analysis. NNN itself can also be formed endogenously by the same nitrosation reaction, which may sometimes cause an overestimation of exposure to preformed NNN. It is thus important to develop an alternative biomarker to specifically reflect NNN metabolic fate and facilitate relevant cancer etiology studies. In this study, we report the first detection of N'-nitrosonornicotine-1N-oxide (NNN-N-oxide) in human urine. Using a highly specific and sensitive MS3 transition-based method, NNN-N-oxide was quantified with a mean level of 8.40 ± 6.04 fmol/mL in the urine of 10 out of 32 cigarette smokers. It occurred in a substantially higher level in the urine of 13 out of 14 smokeless tobacco users, amounting to a mean concentration of 85.2 ± 96.3 fmol/mL urine. No NNN-N-oxide was detected in any of the nonsmoker urine samples analyzed (n = 20). The possible artifactual formation of NNN-N-oxide during sample preparation steps was excluded by experiments using added ammonium sulfamate. The low levels of NNN-N-oxide in the urine of tobacco users indicate that the pyridine N-oxidation pathway represents a minor detoxification pathway of NNN, which further supports the importance of the α-hydroxylation pathway of NNN metabolic activation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Merino C, Casado M, Piña B, Vinaixa M, Ramírez N. Toxicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in early development: A wide-scope metabolomics assay in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:127746. [PMID: 35086039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a carcinogenic and ubiquitous environmental pollutant for which toxic activity has been thoroughly investigated in murine models and human tissues. However, its potential deleterious effects on vertebrate early development are yet poorly understood. In this work, we characterized the impact of NNK exposure during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos, a known alternative model for mammalian toxicity studies. Embryos exposed to different NNK concentrations were monitored for lethality and for the appearance of malformations during the first five days after fertilization. LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics was subsequently performed for a wide-scope assay of NNK-related metabolic alterations. Our results revealed the presence of not only the parental compound, but also of two known NNK metabolites, 4-Hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)-butyric acid (HPBA) and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-N-oxide)-1-butanol (NNAL-N-oxide) in exposed embryos likely resulting from active CYP450-mediated α-hydroxylation and NNK detoxification pathways, respectively. This was paralleled by a disruption in purine and pyrimidine metabolisms and the activation of the base excision repair pathway. Our results confirm NNK as a harmful embryonic agent and demonstrate zebrafish embryos to be a suitable early development model to monitor NNK toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Merino
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamí Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vinaixa
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Noelia Ramírez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Dator R, Villalta PW, Thomson N, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK, Stepanov I, Warth B, Balbo S. Metabolomics Profiles of Smokers from Two Ethnic Groups with Differing Lung Cancer Risk. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2087-2098. [PMID: 32293874 PMCID: PMC7434657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
African
American (AA) smokers are at a higher risk of developing
lung cancer compared to whites. The variations in the metabolism of
nicotine and tobacco-derived carcinogens in these groups were reported
previously with the levels of nicotine metabolites and carcinogen-derived
metabolites measured using targeted approaches. While useful, these
targeted strategies are not able to detect global metabolic changes
for use in predicting the detrimental effects of tobacco use and ultimately
lung cancer susceptibility among smokers. To address this limitation,
we have performed global untargeted metabolomics profiling in urine
of AA and white smokers to characterize the pattern of metabolites,
identify differentially regulated pathways, and correlate these profiles
with the observed variations in lung cancer risk between these two
populations. Urine samples from AA (n = 30) and white
(n = 30) smokers were used for metabolomics analysis
acquired in both positive and negative electrospray ionization modes.
LC-MS data were uploaded onto the cloud-based XCMS online (http://xcmsonline.scripps.edu) platform for retention time correction, alignment, feature detection,
annotation, statistical analysis, data visualization, and automated
systems biology pathway analysis. The latter identified global differences
in the metabolic pathways in the two groups including the metabolism
of carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and nicotine.
Significant differences in the nicotine degradation pathway (cotinine
glucuronidation) in the two groups were observed and confirmed using
a targeted LC-MS/MS approach. These results are consistent with previous
studies demonstrating AA smokers with lower glucuronidation capacity
compared to whites. Furthermore, the d-glucuronate degradation
pathway was found to be significantly different between the two populations,
with lower amounts of the putative metabolites detected in AA compared
to whites. We hypothesize that the differential regulation of the d-glucuronate degradation pathway is a consequence of the variations
in the glucuronidation capacity observed in the two groups. Other
pathways including the metabolism of amino acids, nucleic acids, and
fatty acids were also identified, however, the biological relevance
and implications of these differences across ethnic groups need further
investigation. Overall, the applied metabolomics approach revealed
global differences in the metabolic networks and endogenous metabolites
in AA and whites, which could be used and validated as a new potential
panel of biomarkers that could be used to predict lung cancer susceptibility
among smokers in population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romel Dator
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicole Thomson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraβe 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Guo S, Leng J, Tan Y, Price NE, Wang Y. Quantification of DNA Lesions Induced by 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in Mammalian Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:708-717. [PMID: 30714728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of DNA adducts in carcinogen-exposed cells provides the information about the frequency of formation and the rate of removal of DNA lesions in vivo, which yields insights into the initial events of mutagenesis. Metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its reduction product 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), leads to pyridyloxobutylation and pyridylhydroxybutylation of DNA. In this study, we employed a highly robust nanoflow liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-nESI-MS/MS) coupled with the isotope-dilution method for simultaneous quantification of O6-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-hydroxylbut-1-yl]-2'-deoxyguanosine ( O6-PHBdG) and O2- and O4-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-hydroxylbut-1-yl]-thymidine ( O2-PHBdT and O4-PHBdT). Cultured mammalian cells were exposed to a model pyridylhydroxybutylating agent, 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNALOAc), followed by DNA extraction, enzymatic digestion, and sample enrichment prior to nLC-nESI-MS/MS quantification. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that O4-PHBdT is quantifiable in cellular DNA and naked DNA upon NNALOAc exposure. We also show that nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery may counteract the formation of O2-PHBdT and O4-PHBdT, and O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) may be responsible for the repair of O6-PHBdG and O4-PHBdT in mammalian cells. Together, our study provides new knowledge about the occurrence and repair of NNAL-induced DNA lesions in mammalian cells.
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9
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Mateva R, Georgieva A, Iliev I, Toshkova R, Pajpanova T. Antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects of myosmine on erythroleukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1603082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rada Mateva
- Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Georgieva
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Iliev
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reneta Toshkova
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tamara Pajpanova
- Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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