1
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Prentice BM. Imaging with mass spectrometry: Which ionization technique is best? JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e5016. [PMID: 38625003 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry (MS) to acquire molecular images of biological tissues and other substrates has developed into an indispensable analytical tool over the past 25 years. Imaging mass spectrometry technologies are widely used today to study the in situ spatial distributions for a variety of analytes. Early MS images were acquired using secondary ion mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. Researchers have also designed and developed other ionization techniques in recent years to probe surfaces and generate MS images, including desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), nanoDESI, laser ablation electrospray ionization, and infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization. Investigators now have a plethora of ionization techniques to select from when performing imaging mass spectrometry experiments. This brief perspective will highlight the utility and relative figures of merit of these techniques within the context of their use in imaging mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boone M Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Grgic A, Nagornov KO, Kozhinov AN, Michael JA, Anthony IG, Tsybin YO, Heeren RM, Ellis SR. Ultrahigh-Mass Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging with an Orbitrap Externally Coupled to a High-Performance Data Acquisition System. Anal Chem 2024; 96:794-801. [PMID: 38127459 PMCID: PMC10794996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical tool that enables molecular sample analysis while simultaneously providing the spatial context of hundreds or even thousands of analytes. However, because of the lack of a separation step prior to ionization and the immense diversity of biomolecules, such as lipids, including numerous isobaric species, the coupling of ultrahigh mass resolution (UHR) with MSI presents one way in which this complexity can be resolved at the spectrum level. Until now, UHR MSI platforms have been restricted to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of an Orbitrap-based UHR MSI platform to reach over 1,000,000 mass resolution in a lipid mass range (600-950 Da). Externally coupling the Orbitrap Q Exactive HF with the high-performance data acquisition system FTMS Booster X2 provided access to the unreduced data in the form of full-profile absorption-mode FT mass spectra. In addition, it allowed us to increase the time-domain transient length from 0.5 to 10 s, providing improvement in the mass resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and mass accuracy. The resulting UHR performance generates high-quality MALDI MSI images and simplifies the identification of lipids. Collectively, these improvements resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in annotations, demonstrating the advantages of this UHR imaging platform for spatial lipidomics using MALDI-MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Grgic
- The
Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht
University, 6229-ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jesse A. Michael
- Molecular
Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Ian G.M. Anthony
- The
Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht
University, 6229-ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ron M.A. Heeren
- The
Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht
University, 6229-ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Shane R. Ellis
- The
Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht
University, 6229-ER Maastricht, Netherlands
- Molecular
Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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3
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Pade LR, Stepler KE, Portero EP, DeLaney K, Nemes P. Biological mass spectrometry enables spatiotemporal 'omics: From tissues to cells to organelles. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:106-138. [PMID: 36647247 PMCID: PMC10668589 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes unfold across broad spatial and temporal dimensions, and measurement of the underlying molecular world is essential to their understanding. Interdisciplinary efforts advanced mass spectrometry (MS) into a tour de force for assessing virtually all levels of the molecular architecture, some in exquisite detection sensitivity and scalability in space-time. In this review, we offer vignettes of milestones in technology innovations that ushered sample collection and processing, chemical separation, ionization, and 'omics analyses to progressively finer resolutions in the realms of tissue biopsies and limited cell populations, single cells, and subcellular organelles. Also highlighted are methodologies that empowered the acquisition and analysis of multidimensional MS data sets to reveal proteomes, peptidomes, and metabolomes in ever-deepening coverage in these limited and dynamic specimens. In pursuit of richer knowledge of biological processes, we discuss efforts pioneering the integration of orthogonal approaches from molecular and functional studies, both within and beyond MS. With established and emerging community-wide efforts ensuring scientific rigor and reproducibility, spatiotemporal MS emerged as an exciting and powerful resource to study biological systems in space-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R. Pade
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Kaitlyn E. Stepler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Erika P. Portero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
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4
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Sun X, Xia Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Zheng F, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhao C, Lu X, Xu G. Deep Characterization of Serum Metabolome Based on the Segment-Optimized Spectral-Stitching Direct-Infusion Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Approach. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37406615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct-infusion Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DI-FTICR MS) shows great promise for metabolomic analysis due to ultrahigh mass accuracy and resolution. However, most of the DI-FTICR MS approaches focused on high-throughput metabolomics analysis at the expense of sensitivity and resolution and the potential for metabolome characterization has not been fully explored. Here, we proposed a novel deep characterization approach of serum metabolome using a segment-optimized spectral-stitching DI-FTICR MS method integrated with high-confidence and database-independent formula assignments. With varied acquisition parameters for each segment, a highly efficient acquisition was achieved for the whole mass range with sub-ppm mass accuracy. In a pooled human serum sample, thousands of features were assigned with unambiguous formulas and possible candidates based on highly accurate mass measurements. Furthermore, a reaction network was used to select confidently unique formulas from possible candidates, which was constructed by unambiguous formulas and possible candidates connected by the formula differences resulting from biochemical and MS transformation. Compared with full-range and conventional segment acquisition, 8- and 1.2-fold increases in observed features were achieved, respectively. Assignment accuracy was 93-94% for both a standard mixture containing 190 metabolites and a spiked serum sample with the root mean square mass error of 0.15-0.16 ppm. In total, 3534 unequivocal neutral molecular formulas were assigned in the pooled serum sample, 35% of which are contained in the HMDB. This method offers great enhancement in the deep characterization of serum metabolome by DI-FTICR MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yueyi Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122 Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Fujian Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Zaifang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqiong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
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5
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Guo X, Wang X, Tian C, Dai J, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Development of mass spectrometry imaging techniques and its latest applications. Talanta 2023; 264:124721. [PMID: 37271004 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a novel molecular imaging technology that collects molecular information from the surface of samples in situ. The spatial distribution and relative content of various compounds can be visualized simultaneously with high spatial resolution. The prominent advantages of MSI promote the active development of ionization technology and its broader applications in diverse fields. This article first gives a brief introduction to the vital parts of the processes during MSI. On this basis, provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant MS-based imaging techniques from their mechanisms, pros and cons, and applications. In addition, a critical issue in MSI, matrix effects is also discussed. Then, the representative applications of MSI in biological, forensic, and environmental fields in the past 5 years have been summarized, with a focus on various types of analytes (e.g., proteins, lipids, polymers, etc.) Finally, the challenges and further perspectives of MSI are proposed and concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China
| | - Caiyan Tian
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Aliben Science and Technology Company Limited, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | | | - Yixiang Duan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, PR China; Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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6
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Sueur M, Maillard JF, Lacroix-Andrivet O, Rüger CP, Giusti P, Lavanant H, Afonso C. PyC2MC: An Open-Source Software Solution for Visualization and Treatment of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:617-626. [PMID: 37016836 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Complex molecular mixtures are encountered in almost all research disciplines, such as biomedical 'omics, petroleomics, and environmental sciences. State-of-the-art characterization of sample materials related to these fields, deploying high-end instrumentation, allows for gathering large quantities of molecular composition data. One established technological platform is ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, e.g., Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS). However, the huge amounts of data acquired in FT-MS often result in tedious data treatment and visualization. FT-MS analysis of complex matrices can easily lead to single mass spectra with more than 10,000 attributed unique molecular formulas. Sophisticated software solutions to conduct these treatment and visualization attempts from commercial and noncommercial origins exist. However, existing applications have distinct drawbacks, such as focusing on only one type of graphic representation, being unable to handle large data sets, or not being publicly available. In this respect, we developed a software, within the international complex matrices molecular characterization joint lab (IC2MC), named "python tools for complex matrices molecular characterization" (PyC2MC). This piece of software will be open-source and free to use. PyC2MC is written under python 3.9.7 and relies on well-known libraries such as pandas, NumPy, or SciPy. It is provided with a graphical user interface developed under PyQt5. The two options for execution, (1) a user-friendly route with a prepacked executable file or (2) running the main python script through a Python interpreter, ensure a high applicability but also an open characteristic for further development by the community. Both are available on the GitHub platform (https://github.com/iC2MC/PyC2MC_viewer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Sueur
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Julien F Maillard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Oscar Lacroix-Andrivet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- TotalEnergies OneTech R&D, Centre de Recherche de Solaize (CRES), Chemin du canal, BP 22, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, Department Life, Light & Matter (LL&M), University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
- TotalEnergies OneTech R&D, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Hélène Lavanant
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
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7
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Calabrese V, Schmitz-Afonso I, Riah-Anglet W, Trinsoutrot-Gattin I, Pawlak B, Afonso C. Direct introduction MALDI FTICR MS based on dried droplet deposition applied to non-targeted metabolomics on Pisum Sativum root exudates. Talanta 2023; 253:123901. [PMID: 36088848 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolomic approaches based on direct introduction (DI) through a soft ionization source are nowadays used for large-scale analysis and wide cover-up of metabolites in complex matrices. When coupled with ultra-high-resolution Fourier-Transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR MS), DI is generally performed through electrospray (ESI), which, despite the great analytical throughput, can suffer of matrix effects due to residual salts or charge competitors. In alternative, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) coupled with FTICR MS offers relatively high salt tolerance but it is mainly used for imaging of small molecule within biological tissues. In this study, we report a systematic evaluation on the performance of direct introduction ESI and MALDI coupled with FTICR MS applied to the analysis of root exudates (RE), a complex mixture of metabolites released from plant root tips and containing a relatively high salt concentration. Classic dried droplet deposition followed by screening of best matrices and ratio allowed the selection of high ranked conditions for non-targeted metabolomics on RE. Optimization of MALDI parameters led to improved reproducibility and precision. A RE desalted sample was used for comparison on ionization efficiency of the two sources and ion enhancement at high salinity was highlighted in MALDI by spiking desalted solution with inorganic salts. Application of a true lyophilized RE sample exhibited the complementarity of the two sources and the ability of MALDI in the detection of undisclosed metabolites suffering of matrix effects in ESI mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Calabrese
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France.
| | - Wassila Riah-Anglet
- UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, Rouen Team, 76134 Mont-Saint Aignan, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin
- UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, Rouen Team, 76134 Mont-Saint Aignan, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Barbara Pawlak
- Laboratoire GlycoMEV UR 4358, Université de Rouen Normandie, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
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8
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Pereira I, Ramalho RRF, Maciel LIL, de Aguiar DVA, Trindade Y, da Cruz GF, Vianna AM, Júnior IM, Lima GDS, Vaz BG. Directly Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Organic Compounds on Mineral Rock Surfaces by DESI and LAESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13691-13699. [PMID: 36154021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a new application of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometry imaging to assess the spatial location of organic compounds, both polar and nonpolar, directly from rock surfaces. Three carbonaceous rocks collected from an aquatic environment and a berea sandstone subjected to a small-scale oil recovery experiment were analyzed by DESI and LAESI. No rock pretreatment was required before DESI and LAESI analyses. DESI detected and spatially mapped several fatty acids and a disaccharide on the surfaces of carbonaceous rocks, and various nitrogenated and oxygenated compounds on the surfaces of berea sandstone. In contrast, LAESI using a 3.4 μm infrared laser beam was able to detect and map hydrocarbons on the surfaces of all rock samples. Both techniques can be combined to analyze polar and nonpolar compounds. DESI can be used first to detect polar compounds, as it does not destroy the rock surface, and LAESI can then be used to analyze nonpolar analytes, as it destroys a layer of the sample surface. Both techniques have the potential to be used in several scientific areas involving rocks and minerals, such as in the analysis of industry-derived contaminants in aquatic sediments or in small-scale rock-fluid interaction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Ruver R F Ramalho
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Lanaia I L Maciel
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Yan Trindade
- Science and Technology Center, North Fluminense State University "Darcy Ribeiro", Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27910-970, Brazil
| | - Georgiana F da Cruz
- Science and Technology Center, North Fluminense State University "Darcy Ribeiro", Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27910-970, Brazil
| | | | - Iris M Júnior
- CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Gesiane da S Lima
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
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9
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Gao SQ, Zhao JH, Guan Y, Tang YS, Li Y, Liu LY. Mass Spectrometry Imaging technology in metabolomics: a systematic review. Biomed Chromatogr 2022:e5494. [PMID: 36044038 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful label-free analysis technique that can provide simultaneous spatial distribution of multiple compounds in a single experiment. By combining the sensitive and rapid screening of high-throughput mass spectrometry with spatial chemical information, metabolite analysis and morphological characteristics are presented in a single image. MSI can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolic profiles and it can provide visual analysis of spatial distribution information of complex biological and microbial systems. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization, laser ablation electrospray ionization and desorption electrospray ionization are commonly used in MSI. Here, we summarize and compare these three technologies, as well as the applications and prospects of MSI in metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Shu Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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10
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Vandergrift GW, Kew W, Lukowski JK, Bhattacharjee A, Liyu AV, Shank EA, Paša-Tolić L, Prabhakaran V, Anderton CR. Imaging and Direct Sampling Capabilities of Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization with Absorption-Mode 21 Tesla Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3629-3636. [PMID: 35167251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, a powerful ambient sampling and imaging technique, is herein coupled as an isolated source with 21 Tesla (21T) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS). Absorption-mode data, enabled by an external data acquisition system, is applied for improved mass resolution, accuracy, and dynamic range without compromising spectral acquisition rates. Isotopic fine structure (IFS) information is obtained from the ambient sampling of living Bacillus and Fusarium species, allowing for high confidence in molecular annotations with a resolution >830 k (at m/z 825). Tandem mass spectrometry experiments for biological samples are shown to retain the IFS in addition to gained fragmentation information, providing a further degree of annotation confidence from ambient analyses. Rat brain was imaged by nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) 21T FTICR MS in ∼5 h using 768 ms transients, producing over 800 molecular annotations using the METASPACE platform and low-parts-per-billion mass accuracy at a spatial resolution of ∼25 × 180 μm. Finally, nano-DESI 21T FTICR MS imaging is demonstrated to reveal images corresponding to the IFS, as well as hundreds of additional molecular features (including demonstrated differences as low as 8.96 mDa) that are otherwise undetected by a more conventional imaging methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Vandergrift
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - William Kew
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jessica K Lukowski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Arunima Bhattacharjee
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrey V Liyu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Shank
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,The Gene & Linda Voil and School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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11
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Ferey J, Larroque M, Schmitz-Afonso I, Le Maître J, Sgarbura O, Carrere S, Quenet F, Bouyssiere B, Enjalbal C, Mounicou S, Afonso C. Imaging Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of oxaliplatin derivatives in human tissue sections. Talanta 2022; 237:122915. [PMID: 34736651 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mass Spectrometry Imaging is an effective technology that allows to determine the in-situ distribution of endogen and/or exogen small molecules. It is a rapidly emerging approach for visualizing drugs and their metabolites within biological tissues. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) coupled to high resolving power analyzer (e.g. TOF) was already investigated for metallodrug localization and metabolization studies, but was proved to suffer from a lack of sensitivity and resolution, leading to poor coverage and assignment. To counter these technological limitations, the use of ultra-high resolving power analyzer such as Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FTICR) could be revealed as a technique of choice. The high field FTICR MS provides ultra-high resolving power and mass accuracy that allows exhaustive molecule coverage and non-ambiguous molecular formula assignments. Platinum derivatives, such as oxaliplatin, are widely used as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. The assessment of their intake, distribution and metabolism within the organs is important to know the risks associated with their use. In this study, MALDI FTICR MSI analyses were performed to better understand the penetration and metabolization of platinum derivatives in ovaries of women treated by Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal metastasis of colorectal or appendicular origin. Twelve ovary sections, from six ovary samples in six women donors, before and after treatment, were analyzed with 120 μm spatial resolution. For the first time, the high resolving power (220,000 at m/z 457) and sub-ppm accuracy (<1 ppm) of the FTICR combined with an Isotopic Fine Structure study enabled to distinguish two Pt-isobaric species derived from oxaliplatin in biological tissues. One of these, which is unknown, was specifically localized at the contour of the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Ferey
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France; UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Larroque
- Unité de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France.
| | - Johann Le Maître
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Olivia Sgarbura
- Service Chirurgie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Carrere
- Service Chirurgie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - François Quenet
- Service Chirurgie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Brice Bouyssiere
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, Hélioparc, 64053, Pau, France
| | | | - Sandra Mounicou
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254, Hélioparc, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
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12
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Samarah LZ, Vertes A, Anderton CR. Single-Cell Metabolomics with Rapid Determination of Chemical Formulas from Isotopic Fine Structures. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2437:61-75. [PMID: 34902140 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2030-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic measurements can provide functional readouts of cellular states and phenotypes. Here, we present a protocol for single-cell metabolomics that permits direct untargeted detection of a broad number of metabolites under ambient conditions, without the need for sample processing, and with high confidence in the discovery and identification of the molecular formulas for detected metabolites. This protocol describes combining fiber-based laser ablation electrospray ionization (f-LAESI) with a 21 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (21T-FTICR-MS) to obtain high confidence molecular formula information about detected metabolites. The f-LAESI source utilizes mid-infrared laser ablation through a sharp optical fiber tip, affording direct ambient analysis of cells without the need for sample processing. Using the 21T-FTICR-MS as a mass analyzer enabled measurement of the isotopic fine structure (IFS) for numerous metabolites simultaneously from single cells, and the IFSs were in turn computationally processed to rapidly determine the corresponding elemental compositions. This metabolomics technique complements other single cell omics measurement methods, helping to resolve complex molecular interactions that take place within cells unattainable from single cell transcriptomic and proteomics methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Z Samarah
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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13
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Peak learning of mass spectrometry imaging data using artificial neural networks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5544. [PMID: 34545087 PMCID: PMC8452737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technology that holds potential for improving, biomarker discovery, metabolomics research, pharmaceutical applications and clinical diagnosis. Despite many solutions being developed, the large data size and high dimensional nature of MSI, especially 3D datasets, still pose computational and memory complexities that hinder accurate identification of biologically relevant molecular patterns. Moreover, the subjectivity in the selection of parameters for conventional pre-processing approaches can lead to bias. Therefore, we assess if a probabilistic generative model based on a fully connected variational autoencoder can be used for unsupervised analysis and peak learning of MSI data to uncover hidden structures. The resulting msiPL method learns and visualizes the underlying non-linear spectral manifold, revealing biologically relevant clusters of tissue anatomy in a mouse kidney and tumor heterogeneity in human prostatectomy tissue, colorectal carcinoma, and glioblastoma mouse model, with identification of underlying m/z peaks. The method is applied for the analysis of MSI datasets ranging from 3.3 to 78.9 GB, without prior pre-processing and peak picking, and acquired using different mass spectrometers at different centers.
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14
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Taylor MJ, Liyu A, Vertes A, Anderton CR. Ambient Single-Cell Analysis and Native Tissue Imaging Using Laser-Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Increased Spatial Resolution. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2490-2494. [PMID: 34374553 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) is an emerging method that has the potential to transform the field of metabolomics. This is in part due to LAESI-MS being an ambient ionization method that requires minimal sample preparation and uses (endogenous) water for in situ analysis. This application note details the employment of the "LAESI microscope" source to perform spatially resolved MS analysis of cells and MS imaging (MSI) of tissues at high spatial resolution. This source configuration utilizes a long-working-distance reflective objective that permits both visualization of the sample and a smaller LAESI laser beam profile than conventional LAESI setups. Here, we analyzed 200 single cells of Allium cepa (red onion) and imaged Fittonia argyroneura (nerve plant) in high spatial resolution using this source coupled to a Fourier transform mass spectrometer for high-mass-resolution and high-mass-accuracy metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Taylor
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andrey Liyu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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15
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Ding X, Liu K, Shi Z. LASER DESORPTION/ABLATION POSTIONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:566-605. [PMID: 32770707 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lasers have long been used in the field of mass spectrometric analysis for characterization of condensed matter. However, emission of neutrals upon laser irradiation surpasses the number of ions. Typically, only one in about one million analytes ejected by laser desorption/ablation is ionized, which has fueled the quest for postionization methods enabling ionization of desorbed neutrals to enhance mass spectrometric detection schemes. The development of postionization techniques can be an endeavor that integrates multiple disciplines involving photon energy transfer, electrochemistry, gas discharge, etc. The combination of lasers of different parameters and diverse ion sources has made laser desorption/ablation postionization (LD/API) a growing and lively research community, including two-step laser mass spectrometry, laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and those coupled to ambient mass spectrometry. These hyphenated techniques have shown potentials in bioanalytical applications, with major inroads to be made in simultaneous location and quantification of pharmaceuticals, toxins, and metabolites in complex biomatrixes. This review is intended to provide a timely comprehensive view of the broadening bioanalytical applications of disparate LD/API techniques. We also have attempted to discuss these applications according to the classifications based on the postionization methods and to encapsulate the latest achievements in the field of LD/API by highlighting some of the very best reports in the 21st century. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zhenyan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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16
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Zemaitis KJ, Izydorczak AM, Thompson AC, Wood TD. Streamlined Multimodal DESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging on a Singular Dual-Source FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040253. [PMID: 33923908 PMCID: PMC8073082 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of biological specimens by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has had a profound influence in the various forms of spatial-omics over the past two decades including applications for the identification of clinical biomarker analysis; the metabolic fingerprinting of disease states; treatment with therapeutics; and the profiling of lipids, peptides and proteins. No singular approach is able to globally map all biomolecular classes simultaneously. This led to the development of many complementary multimodal imaging approaches to solve analytical problems: fusing multiple ionization techniques, imaging microscopy or spectroscopy, or local extractions into robust multimodal imaging methods. However, each fusion typically requires the melding of analytical information from multiple commercial platforms, and the tandem utilization of multiple commercial or third-party software platforms—even in some cases requiring computer coding. Herein, we report the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in tandem with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging in the positive ion mode on a singular commercial orthogonal dual-source Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) instrument for the complementary detection of multiple analyte classes by MSI from tissue. The DESI source was 3D printed and the commercial Bruker Daltonics software suite was used to generate mass spectrometry images in tandem with the commercial MALDI source. This approach allows for the generation of multiple modes of mass spectrometry images without the need for third-party software and a customizable platform for ambient ionization imaging. Highlighted is the streamlined workflow needed to obtain phospholipid profiles, as well as increased depth of coverage of both annotated phospholipid, cardiolipin, and ganglioside species from rat brain with both high spatial and mass resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Zemaitis
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (K.J.Z.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Alexandra M. Izydorczak
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (K.J.Z.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Alexis C. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Park Hall, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Troy D. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (K.J.Z.); (A.M.I.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Taylor M, Lukowski JK, Anderton CR. Spatially Resolved Mass Spectrometry at the Single Cell: Recent Innovations in Proteomics and Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:872-894. [PMID: 33656885 PMCID: PMC8033567 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are composed of heterogeneous populations of cells that intercommunicate to form a functional living tissue. Biological function varies greatly across populations of cells, as each single cell has a unique transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome that translates to functional differences within single species and across kingdoms. Over the past decade, substantial advancements in our ability to characterize omic profiles on a single cell level have occurred, including in multiple spectroscopic and mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques. Of these technologies, spatially resolved mass spectrometry approaches, including mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), have shown the most progress for single cell proteomics and metabolomics. For example, reporter-based methods using heavy metal tags have allowed for targeted MS investigation of the proteome at the subcellular level, and development of technologies such as laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) now mean that dynamic metabolomics can be performed in situ. In this Perspective, we showcase advancements in single cell spatial metabolomics and proteomics over the past decade and highlight important aspects related to high-throughput screening, data analysis, and more which are vital to the success of achieving proteomic and metabolomic profiling at the single cell scale. Finally, using this broad literature summary, we provide a perspective on how the next decade may unfold in the area of single cell MS-based proteomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
J. Taylor
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jessica K. Lukowski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Christopher R. Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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18
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Optical Microscopy-Guided Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry: Ambient Single Cell Metabolomics with Increased Confidence in Molecular Identification. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040200. [PMID: 33801673 PMCID: PMC8065410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell analysis is a field of increasing interest as new tools are continually being developed to understand intercellular differences within large cell populations. Laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) is an emerging technique for single cell metabolomics. Over the years, it has been validated that this ionization technique is advantageous for probing the molecular content of individual cells in situ. Here, we report the integration of a microscope into the optical train of the LAESI source to allow for visually informed ambient in situ single cell analysis. Additionally, we have coupled this ‘LAESI microscope’ to a drift-tube ion mobility mass spectrometer to enable separation of isobaric species and allow for the determination of ion collision cross sections in conjunction with accurate mass measurements. This combined information helps provide higher confidence for structural assignment of molecules ablated from single cells. Here, we show that this system enables the analysis of the metabolite content of Allium cepa epidermal cells with high confidence structural identification together with their spatial locations within a tissue.
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Müller MA, Kompauer M, Strupat K, Heiles S, Spengler B. Implementation of a High-Repetition-Rate Laser in an AP-SMALDI MSI System for Enhanced Measurement Performance. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:465-472. [PMID: 33370109 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging is a promising tool in the life sciences for obtaining spatial and chemical information from complex biological samples. State-of-the-art setups combine high mass resolution and high mass accuracy with high lateral resolution, offering untargeted insights into biochemical processes on the single-cell length scale. Despite recent technological breakthroughs, the sensitivity and acquisition speed of many setups are often in competition with achievable pixel resolutions below 25 μm. New measurement modes were developed by implementing a high-repetition-rate laser into an AP-SMALDI10 ion source, coupled to an orbital trapping mass spectrometer. These new MSI modes allow for a modular use of the new setup. We demonstrate that the system allows single cell features to be visualized in mouse brain tissue sections at a pixel resolution of 5 μm and an imaging speed of 18 pixels/s. Furthermore, the analytical sensitivity was improved in another measurement mode by applying multiple pulses of a highly focused laser beam over larger square pixels ≥25 μm edge length, increasing ion signal intensities up to 20-fold on tissue and decreasing the limit of detection by 1 order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Müller
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mario Kompauer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Strupat
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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20
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Agtuca BJ, Stopka SA, Evans S, Samarah L, Liu Y, Xu D, Stacey MG, Koppenaal DW, Paša-Tolić L, Anderton CR, Vertes A, Stacey G. Metabolomic profiling of wild-type and mutant soybean root nodules using laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals altered metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1937-1958. [PMID: 32410239 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between soybean and Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a complex process. To document the changes in plant metabolism as a result of symbiosis, we utilized laser ablation electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) for in situ metabolic profiling of wild-type nodules, nodules infected with a B. japonicum nifH mutant unable to fix nitrogen, nodules doubly infected by both strains, and nodules formed on plants mutated in the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (sacpd-c) gene, which were previously shown to have an altered nodule ultrastructure. The results showed that the relative abundance of fatty acids, purines, and lipids was significantly changed in response to the symbiosis. The nifH mutant nodules had elevated levels of jasmonic acid, correlating with signs of nitrogen deprivation. Nodules resulting from the mixed inoculant displayed similar, overlapping metabolic distributions within the sectors of effective (fix+ ) and ineffective (nifH mutant, fix- ) endosymbionts. These data are inconsistent with the notion that plant sanctioning is cell autonomous. Nodules lacking sacpd-c displayed an elevation of soyasaponins and organic acids in the central necrotic regions. The present study demonstrates the utility of LAESI-MS for high-throughput screening of plant phenotypes. Overall, nodules disrupted in the symbiosis were elevated in metabolites related to plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly J Agtuca
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sterling Evans
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Laith Samarah
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Informatics Institute and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Minviluz G Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - David W Koppenaal
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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WANG YF, LU HY, ZHANG H, CHEN HW. Recent Progress on Tissue Analysis by Mass Spectrometry without Sample Pretreatment. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Kumar R, Ghosh M, Kumar S, Prasad M. Single Cell Metabolomics: A Future Tool to Unmask Cellular Heterogeneity and Virus-Host Interaction in Context of Emerging Viral Diseases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1152. [PMID: 32582094 PMCID: PMC7286130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral emergence is an unpredictable but obvious event, particularly in the era of climate change and globalization. Efficient management of viral outbreaks depends on pre-existing knowledge and alertness. The potential hotspots of viral emergence often remain neglected and the information related to them is insufficient, particularly for emerging viruses. Viral replication and transmission rely upon usurping the host metabolic machineries. So altered host metabolic pathways can be exploited for containment of these viruses. Metabolomics provides the insight for tracing out such checkpoints. Consequently introspection of metabolic alteration at virus-host interface has evolved as prime area in current virology research. Chromatographic separation followed by mass spectrometry has been used as the predominant analytical platform in bulk of the analyses followed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fluorescence based techniques. Although valuable information regarding viral replication and modulation of host metabolic pathways have been extracted but ambiguity often superseded the real events due to population effect over the infected cells. Exploration of cellular heterogeneity and differentiation of infected cells from the nearby healthy ones has become essential. Single cell metabolomics (SCM) emerges as necessity to explore such minute details. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) coupled with several soft ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI), laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), matrix-free laser desorption ionization (LDI) have evolved as the best suited platforms for SCM analyses. The potential of SCM has already been exploited to resolve several biological conundrums. Thus SCM is knocking at the door of virus-host interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
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Samarah LZ, Tran TH, Stacey G, Vertes A. In Vivo Chemical Analysis of Plant Sap from the Xylem and Single Parenchymal Cells by Capillary Microsampling Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7299-7306. [PMID: 32343130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In plants, long-distance transport of chemicals from source to sink takes place through the transfer of sap inside complex trafficking systems. Access to this information provides insight into the physiological responses that result from the interactions between the organism and its environment. In vivo analysis offers minimal perturbation to the physiology of the organism, thus providing information that represents the native physiological state more accurately. Here we describe capillary microsampling with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the in vivo analysis of xylem sap directly from plants. Initially, fast MS profiling was performed by ESI from the whole sap exuding from wounds of living plants in their native environment. This sap, however, originated from the xylem and phloem and included the cytosol of damaged cells. Combining capillary microsampling with ESI-MS enabled targeted sampling of the xylem sap and single parenchymal cells in the pith, thereby differentiating their chemical compositions. With this method we analyzed soybean plants infected by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and uninfected plants to investigate the effects of symbiosis on chemical transport through the sap. Infected plants exhibited higher abundances for certain nitrogen-containing metabolites in their sap, namely allantoin, allantoic acid, hydroxymethylglutamate, and methylene glutamate, compared to uninfected plants. Using capillary microsampling, we localized these compounds to the xylem, which indicated their transport from the roots to the upper parts of the plant. Differences between metabolite levels in sap from the infected and uninfected plants indicated that the transport of nitrogen-containing and other metabolites is regulated depending on the source of nitrogen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Z Samarah
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Tina H Tran
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
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Samarah LZ, Khattar R, Tran TH, Stopka SA, Brantner CA, Parlanti P, Veličković D, Shaw JB, Agtuca BJ, Stacey G, Paša-Tolić L, Tolić N, Anderton CR, Vertes A. Single-Cell Metabolic Profiling: Metabolite Formulas from Isotopic Fine Structures in Heterogeneous Plant Cell Populations. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7289-7298. [PMID: 32314907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the metabolic heterogeneity in cell populations requires the analysis of single cells. Most current methods in single-cell analysis rely on cell manipulation, potentially altering the abundance of metabolites in individual cells. A small sample volume and the chemical diversity of metabolites are additional challenges in single-cell metabolomics. Here, we describe the combination of fiber-based laser ablation electrospray ionization (f-LAESI) with 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21TFTICR-MS) for in situ single-cell metabolic profiling in plant tissue. Single plant cells infected by bacteria were selected and sampled directly from the tissue without cell manipulation through mid-infrared ablation with a fine optical fiber tip for ionization by f-LAESI. Ultrahigh performance 21T-FTICR-MS enabled the simultaneous capture of isotopic fine structures (IFSs) for 47 known and 11 unknown compounds, thus elucidating their elemental compositions from single cells and providing information on metabolic heterogeneity in the cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Z Samarah
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Rikkita Khattar
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Tina H Tran
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Christine A Brantner
- Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Paola Parlanti
- Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Dušan Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jared B Shaw
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Beverly J Agtuca
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nikola Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 20052, United States
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25
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Bowman AP, Blakney GT, Hendrickson CL, Ellis SR, Heeren RMA, Smith DF. Ultra-High Mass Resolving Power, Mass Accuracy, and Dynamic Range MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging by 21-T FT-ICR MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3133-3142. [PMID: 31955581 PMCID: PMC7031845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Detailed characterization
of complex biological surfaces by matrix-assisted
laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)
requires instrumentation that is capable of high mass resolving power,
mass accuracy, and dynamic range. Fourier transform ion cyclotron
resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) offers the highest mass spectral
performance for MALDI MSI experiments, and often reveals molecular
features that are unresolved on lower performance instrumentation.
Higher magnetic field strength improves all performance characteristics
of FT-ICR; mass resolving power improves linearly, while mass accuracy
and dynamic range improve quadratically with magnetic field strength.
Here, MALDI MSI at 21T is demonstrated for the first time: mass resolving
power in excess of 1 600 000 (at m/z 400), root-mean-square mass measurement accuracy below
100 ppb, and dynamic range per pixel over 500:1 were obtained from
the direct analysis of biological tissue sections. Molecular features
with m/z differences as small as
1.79 mDa were resolved and identified with high mass accuracy. These
features allow for the separation and identification of lipids to
the underlying structures of tissues. The unique molecular detail,
accuracy, sensitivity, and dynamic range combined in a 21T MALDI FT-ICR
MSI experiment enable researchers to visualize molecular structures
in complex tissues that have remained hidden until now. The instrument
described allows for future innovative, such as high-end studies to
unravel the complexity of biological, geological, and engineered organic
material surfaces with an unsurpassed detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Bowman
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) , Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50 , Maastricht 6629ER , The Netherlands
| | - Greg T Blakney
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) , Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50 , Maastricht 6629ER , The Netherlands
| | - Christopher L Hendrickson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310-4005 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftain Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) , Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50 , Maastricht 6629ER , The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) , Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50 , Maastricht 6629ER , The Netherlands
| | - Donald F Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310-4005 , United States
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Tortorella S, Tiberi P, Bowman AP, Claes BSR, Ščupáková K, Heeren RMA, Ellis SR, Cruciani G. LipostarMSI: Comprehensive, Vendor-Neutral Software for Visualization, Data Analysis, and Automated Molecular Identification in Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:155-163. [PMID: 32881505 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) is an established and powerful MS technique that enables molecular mapping of tissues and cells finding widespread applications in academic, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. As both the applications and MSI technology have undergone rapid growth and improvement, the challenges associated both with analyzing large datasets and identifying the many detected molecular species have become apparent. The lack of readily available and comprehensive software covering all necessary data analysis steps has further compounded this challenge. To address this issue we developed LipostarMSI, comprehensive and vendor-neutral software for targeted and untargeted MSI data analysis. Through user-friendly implementation of image visualization and co-registration, univariate and multivariate image and spectral analysis, and for the first time, advanced lipid, metabolite, and drug metabolite (MetID) automated identification, LipostarMSI effectively streamlines biochemical interpretation of the data. Here, we introduce LipostarMSI and case studies demonstrating the versatility and many capabilities of the software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tortorella
- Molecular Horizon Srl, Via Montelino 30, 06084 Bettona, Perugia, Italy
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tiberi
- Molecular Discovery Ltd., Centennial Park, WD6 3FG Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Bowman
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Britt S R Claes
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klára Ščupáková
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Angerer TB, Velickovic D, Nicora CD, Kyle JE, Graham DJ, Anderton C, Gamble LJ. Exploiting the Semidestructive Nature of Gas Cluster Ion Beam Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Simultaneous Localization and Confident Lipid Annotations. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15073-15080. [PMID: 31659904 PMCID: PMC7430256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipids have been recognized as key players in cell signaling and disease. Information on their location and distribution within a biological system, under varying conditions, is necessary to understand the contributions of different lipid species to an altered phenotype. Imaging mass spectrometry techniques, such as time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), are capable of revealing global lipid distributions in tissues in an untargeted fashion. However, to confidently identify the species present in a sample, orthogonal analyses like tandem MS (MS/MS) are often required. This can be accomplished by bulk sample analysis with liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS, which can provide confident lipid identifications, at the expense of losing location-specific information. Here, using planarian flatworms as a model system, we demonstrate that imaging gas cluster ion beam (GCIB)-ToF-SIMS has the unique capability to simultaneously detect, identify, and image lipid species with subcellular resolution in tissue sections. The parallel detection of both, intact lipids and their respective fragments, allows for unique identification of some species without the need of performing an additional orthogonal MS/MS analysis. This was accomplished by correlating intact lipid and associated fragment SIMS images. The lipid assignments, respective fragment identities, and locations gathered from ToF-SIMS data were confirmed via LC-MS/MS on lipid extracts and ultrahigh mass resolution MALDI-MS imaging. Together, these data show that the semidestructive nature of ToF-SIMS can be utilized advantageously to enable both confident molecular annotations and to determine the locations of species within a biological sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B. Angerer
- NESACBIO, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Dusan Velickovic
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354
| | - Jennifer E. Kyle
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354
| | - Daniel J. Graham
- NESACBIO, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Christopher Anderton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354
| | - Lara J. Gamble
- NESACBIO, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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28
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Iyer K, Marsh BM, Capek GO, Schrader RL, Tichy S, Cooks RG. Ion Manipulation in Open Air Using 3D-Printed Electrodes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2584-2593. [PMID: 31713174 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization techniques provide a way to sample materials via creation of ions in the air. However, transferring and focusing of these ions is typically done in the reduced pressure environment of the mass spectrometer. Spray-based ambient ionization sources require relatively large distances between the source and mass spectrometer inlet for effective desolvation, resulting in a small fraction of the ions being collected. To increase the efficiency of ion transfer from atmosphere to vacuum, 3D-printed focusing devices made of conductive carbon nanotube doped polymers have been designed and evaluated for ion focusing in air. Three main classes of electrodes are considered: (i) conic section electrodes (conical, ellipsoidal, and cylindrical), (ii) simple conductive and non-conductive apertures, and (iii) electrodes with complex geometries (straight, chicane, and curved). Simulations of ion trajectories performed using the statistical diffusion simulation (SDS) model in SIMION showed a measure of agreement with experiment. Cross-sectional images of ion beams were captured using an ion detecting charge-coupled device (IonCCD). After optimization, the best arrangements of electrodes were coupled to an Agilent Ultivo triple quadrupole to record mass spectra. Observations suggest that electrode geometry strongly influences ion trajectories in air. Non-conductive electrodes also assisted in focusing, due to charge buildup from ion deposition. We also observed minimal spreading of the ion packet after exiting the focusing electrodes indicating that atmospheric collisions do not reduce collimation of the beam. The study suggests that high pressures need not be viewed as a hindrance to ion transport, but as a potentially useful force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brett M Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Grace O Capek
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Robert L Schrader
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shane Tichy
- Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA.
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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29
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Li X, Peng T, Mu L, Hu X. Phytotoxicity induced by engineered nanomaterials as explored by metabolomics: Perspectives and challenges. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109602. [PMID: 31493589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the wide applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in various fields, the ecotoxicology of ENMs has attracted much attention. The traditional plant physiological activity (e.g., reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes) are limited in that they probe one specific process of nanotoxicity, which may result in the loss of understanding of other important biological reactions. Metabolites, which are downstream of gene and protein expression, are directly related to biological phenomena. Metabolomics is an easily performed and efficient tool for solving the aforementioned problems because it involves the comprehensive exploration of metabolic profiles. To understand the roles of metabolomics in phytotoxicity, the analytical methods for metabolomics should be organized and discussed. Moreover, the dominant metabolites and metabolic pathways are similar in different plants, which determines the universal applicability of metabolomics analysis. The analysis of regulated metabolism will globally and scientifically help determine the ecotoxicology that is induced by ENMs. In the past several years, great developments in nanotoxicology have been achieved using metabolomics. However, many knowledge gaps remain, such as the relationships between biological responses that are induced by ENMs and the regulation of metabolism (e.g., carbohydrate, energy, amino acid, lipid and secondary metabolism). The phytotoxicity that is induced by ENMs has been explored by metabolomics, which is still in its infancy. The detrimental and defence mechanisms of plants in their response to ENMs at the level of metabolomics also deserve much attention. In addition, owing to the regulation of metabolism in plants by ENMs affected by multiple factors, it is meaningful to uniformly identify the key influencing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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