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Lee G, Kim SJ, Park JK. Bioprinted Multi-Composition Array Mimicking Tumor Microenvironments to Evaluate Drug Efficacy with Multivariable Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303716. [PMID: 38830208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Current organ-on-a-chip technologies confront limitations in effectively recapitulating the intricate in vivo microenvironments and accommodating diverse experimental conditions on a single device. Here, a novel approach for constructing a multi-composition tumor array on a single microfluidic device, mimicking complex transport phenomena within tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and allowing for simultaneous evaluation of drug efficacy across 12 distinct conditions is presented. The TME array formed by bioprinting on a microfluidic substrate consists of 36 individual TME models, each characterized by one of three different compositions and tested under four varying drug concentrations. Notably, the TME model exhibits precise compartmentalization, fostering the development of self-organized vascular endothelial barriers surrounding breast cancer spheroids affecting substance transport. Multivariable screening and analysis of diverse conditions, including model complexity, replicates, and drug concentrations, within a single microfluidic platform, highlight the synergistic potential of integrating bioprinting with microfluidics to evaluate drug responses across diverse TME conditions comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihyun Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jee Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for Nanocentury, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lavik E, Minasian L. Bioconjugates for Cancer Prevention: Opportunities for Impact. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1148-1153. [PMID: 39116257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer prevention encompasses both screening strategies to find cancers early when they are likely to be most treatable and prevention and interception strategies to reduce the risk of developing cancers. Bioconjugates, here defined broadly as materials and molecules that have synthetic and biological components, have roles to play across the cancer-prevention spectrum. In particular, bioconjugates may be developed as affordable, accessible, and effective screening strategies or as novel vaccines and drugs to reduce one's risk of developing cancers. Developmental programs are available for taking novel technologies and evaluating them for clinical use in cancer screening and prevention. While a variety of different challenges exist in implementing cancer-prevention interventions, a thoughtful approach to bioconjugates could improve the delivery and acceptability of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Lavik
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Lori Minasian
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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3
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Žmudová Z, Šanderová Z, Liegertová M, Vinopal S, Herma R, Sušický L, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Malý J. Biodistribution and toxicity assessment of methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimers in 2D and 3D cell cultures of human cancer cells and zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15477. [PMID: 37726330 PMCID: PMC10509138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The consideration of human and environmental exposure to dendrimers, including cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, and cell and tissue accumulation, is essential due to their significant potential for various biomedical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution and toxicity of a novel methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimer, a potential mitochondria-targeting vector for cancer therapeutics, in 2D and 3D cancer cell cultures and zebrafish embryos. We assessed its cytotoxicity (via MTT, ATP, and Spheroid growth inhibition assays) and cellular biodistribution. The dendrimer cytotoxicity was higher in cancer cells, likely due to its specific targeting to the mitochondrial compartment. In vivo studies using zebrafish demonstrated dendrimer distribution within the vascular and gastrointestinal systems, indicating a biodistribution profile that may be beneficial for systemic therapeutic delivery strategies. The methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimer shows promise for applications in cancer cell delivery, but additional studies are required to confirm these findings using alternative labelling methods and more physiologically relevant models. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the potential of carbosilane dendrimers as vectors for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Žmudová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šanderová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Vinopal
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Herma
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Sušický
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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4
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Kim J, Kim J, Park HJ, Jeon EJ, Cho SW. A microfluidic platform for simulating stem cell migration using in vivo-like gradients of stem cell mobilizer. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-023-1390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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5
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Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Mazio C, Netti PA. Capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of tumor stroma for on-chip optimization of microenvironmental targeting nanomedicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:25-43. [PMID: 36305728 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cells grow in a complex microenvironment that plays a key role in cancer progression. The "dynamic reciprocity" existing between cancer cells and their microenvironment is involved in cancer differentiation, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug response. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between cancer cells and their surrounding tissue (i.e., tumor stroma) and how this interplay affects the disease progression is fundamental to design and validate novel nanotherapeutic approaches. As an important regulator of tumor progression, metastasis and therapy resistance, the extracellular matrix of tumors, the acellular component of the tumor microenvironment, has been identified as very promising target of anticancer treatment, revolutionizing the traditional therapeutic paradigm that sees the neoplastic cells as the preferential objective to fight cancer. To design and to validate such a target therapy, advanced 3D preclinical models are necessary to correctly mimic the complex, dynamic and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. In addition, the recent advancement in microfluidic technology allows fine-tuning and controlling microenvironmental parameters in tissue-on-chip devices in order to emulate the in vivo conditions. In this review, after a brief description of the origin of tumor microenvironment heterogeneity, some examples of nanomedicine approaches targeting the tumor microenvironment have been reported. Further, how advanced 3D bioengineered tumor models coupled with a microfluidic device can improve the design and testing of anti-cancer nanomedicine targeting the tumor microenvironment has been discussed. We highlight that the presence of a dynamic extracellular matrix, able to capture the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumor stroma, is an indispensable requisite for tumor-on-chip model and nanomedicine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Palacio-Castañeda V, Oude Egberink R, Sait A, Andrée L, Sala BM, Hassani Besheli N, Oosterwijk E, Nilvebrant J, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Brock R, Verdurmen WPR. Mimicking the Biology of Engineered Protein and mRNA Nanoparticle Delivery Using a Versatile Microfluidic Platform. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111944. [PMID: 34834361 PMCID: PMC8624409 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the delivery of next-generation macromolecular drugs, such as engineered proteins and mRNA-containing nanoparticles, there is an increasing push towards the use of physiologically relevant disease models that incorporate human cells and do not face ethical dilemmas associated with animal use. Here, we illustrate the versatility and ease of use of a microfluidic platform for studying drug delivery using high-resolution microscopy in 3D. Using this microfluidic platform, we successfully demonstrate the specific targeting of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) on cells overexpressing the protein in a tumor-mimicking chip system using affibodies, with CAIX-negative cells and non-binding affibodies as controls. Furthermore, we demonstrate this system’s feasibility for testing mRNA-containing biomaterials designed to regenerate bone defects. To this end, peptide- and lipid-based mRNA formulations were successfully mixed with colloidal gelatin in microfluidic devices, while translational activity was studied by the expression of a green fluorescent protein. This microfluidic platform enables the testing of mRNA delivery from colloidal biomaterials of relatively high densities, which represents a first important step towards a bone-on-a-chip platform. Collectively, by illustrating the ease of adaptation of our microfluidic platform towards use in distinct applications, we show that our microfluidic chip represents a powerful and flexible way to investigate drug delivery in 3D disease-mimicking culture systems that recapitulate key parameters associated with in vivo drug application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (R.O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Rik Oude Egberink
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (R.O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Arbaaz Sait
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (R.O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Lea Andrée
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (L.A.); (N.H.B.); (S.C.G.L.)
| | - Benedetta Maria Sala
- Division of Protein Engineering, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.M.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Negar Hassani Besheli
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (L.A.); (N.H.B.); (S.C.G.L.)
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26/28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Division of Protein Engineering, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.M.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (L.A.); (N.H.B.); (S.C.G.L.)
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (R.O.E.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (W.P.R.V.)
| | - Wouter P. R. Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (R.O.E.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (W.P.R.V.)
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7
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Qiu Y, Wang N, Guo T, Liu S, Tang X, Zhong Z, Chen Q, Wu H, Li X, Wang J, Zhang S, Ou Y, Wang B, Ma K, Gu W, Cao J, Chen H, Duan Y. Establishment of a 3D model of tumor-driven angiogenesis to study the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs on pericyte recruitment. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6064-6085. [PMID: 34136892 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as a well-vascularized tumor, has attracted increasing attention in antiangiogenic therapies. Notably, emerging studies reveal that the long-term administration of antiangiogenic drugs induces hypoxia in tumors. Pericytes, which play a vital role in vascular stabilization and maturation, have been documented to be associated with antiangiogenic drug-induced tumor hypoxia. However, the role of antiangiogenic agents in regulating pericyte behavior still remains elusive. In this study, by using immunostaining analysis, we first demonstrated that tumors obtained from HCC patients were highly angiogenic, in which vessels were irregularly covered by pericytes. Therefore, we established a new 3D model of tumor-driven angiogenesis by culturing endothelial cells, pericytes, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with microcarriers in order to investigate the effects and mechanisms exerted by antiangiogenic agents on pericyte recruitment during tumor angiogenesis. Interestingly, microcarriers, as supporting matrices, enhanced the interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), promoted malignancy of tumor cells and increased tumor angiogenesis within the 3D model, as determined by qRT-PCR and immunostaining. More importantly, we showed that zoledronic acid (ZA) reversed the inhibited pericyte recruitment, which was induced by sorafenib (Sora) treatment, through fostering the expression and activation of ErbB1/ErbB2 and PDGFR-β in pericytes, in both an in vitro 3D model and an in vivo xenograft HCC mouse model. Hence, our model provides a more pathophysiologically relevant platform for the assessment of therapeutic effects of antiangiogenic compounds and identification of novel pharmacological targets, which might efficiently improve the benefits of antiangiogenic treatment for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Qiu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xianglian Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhong
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xiajing Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Ou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Bailin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P. R. China
| | - Keqiang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800, P. R. China
| | - Weili Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Palacio-Castañeda V, Dumas S, Albrecht P, Wijgers TJ, Descroix S, Verdurmen WPR. A Hybrid In Silico and Tumor-on-a-Chip Approach to Model Targeted Protein Behavior in 3D Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102461. [PMID: 34070171 PMCID: PMC8158470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Engineered proteins possess a great therapeutic potential, but the development of such therapies is impeded during preclinical studies by the lack of in vitro models that accurately simulate the human physiology. Animal models, on the other hand, also have difficulties predicting human responses, and are ethically concerning. In this study, we employed a hybrid approach where we combined mathematical modeling with 3D in vitro models that mimic aspects of the tumor microenvironment, in order to simulate the delivery of therapeutic proteins targeting cancer cells and to predict the biological activity. By cross-comparing simulated and experimental data from 3D models, we were able to correctly predict the best dose needed to deliver toxic proteins specifically to tumor cells, while leaving the surrounding non-tumor cells untouched. This study shows the potential of combining computational approaches with novel in vitro models to advance the development of protein therapeutics. Abstract To rationally improve targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, new methods combining in silico and physiologically relevant in vitro models are needed. This study combines mathematical modeling with 3D in vitro co-culture models to study the delivery of engineered proteins, called designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), in biomimetic tumor microenvironments containing fibroblasts and tumor cells overexpressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) or human epithelial growth factor receptor (HER2). In multicellular tumor spheroids, we observed strong binding-site barriers in combination with low apparent diffusion coefficients of 1 µm2·s−1 and 2 µm2 ·s−1 for EpCAM- and HER2-binding DARPin, respectively. Contrasting this, in a tumor-on-a-chip model for investigating delivery in real-time, transport was characterized by hindered diffusion as a consequence of the lower local tumor cell density. Finally, simulations of the diffusion of an EpCAM-targeting DARPin fused to a fragment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, which specifically kills tumor cells while leaving fibroblasts untouched, correctly predicted the need for concentrations of 10 nM or higher for extensive tumor cell killing on-chip, whereas in 2D models picomolar concentrations were sufficient. These results illustrate the power of combining in vitro models with mathematical modeling to study and predict the protein activity in complex 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Simon Dumas
- Physico-Chemistry Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Thijmen J. Wijgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Physico-Chemistry Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Wouter P. R. Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.P.-C.); (P.A.); (T.J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-24-3614263
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9
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Riss T, Trask OJ. Factors to consider when interrogating 3D culture models with plate readers or automated microscopes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:238-256. [PMID: 33564998 PMCID: PMC7946695 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Along with the increased use of more physiologically relevant three-dimensional cell culture models comes the responsibility of researchers to validate new assay methods that measure events in structures that are physically larger and more complex compared to monolayers of cells. It should not be assumed that assays designed using monolayers of cells will work for cells cultured as larger three-dimensional masses. The size and barriers for penetration of molecules through the layers of cells result in a different microenvironment for the cells in the outer layer compared to the center of three-dimensional structures. Diffusion rates for nutrients and oxygen may limit metabolic activity which is often measured as a marker for cell viability. For assays that lyse cells, the penetration of reagents to achieve uniform cell lysis must be considered. For live cell fluorescent imaging assays, the diffusion of fluorescent probes and penetration of photons of light for probe excitation and fluorescent emission must be considered. This review will provide an overview of factors to consider when implementing assays to interrogate three dimensional cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Riss
- Promega Corporation, Cell Health, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Fitchburg, WI, 53711, USA.
| | - O Joseph Trask
- PerkinElmer Inc., Life Sciences and Technology, 940 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
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10
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Amirghasemi F, Adjei-Sowah E, Pockaj BA, Nikkhah M. Microengineered 3D Tumor Models for Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery in Female-Related Cancers. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1943-1972. [PMID: 33403451 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The burden of cancer continues to increase in society and negatively impacts the lives of numerous patients. Due to the high cost of current treatment strategies, there is a crucial unmet need to develop inexpensive preclinical platforms to accelerate the process of anti-cancer drug discovery to improve outcomes in cancer patients, most especially in female patients. Many current methods employ expensive animal models which not only present ethical concerns but also do not often accurately predict human physiology and the outcomes of anti-cancer drug responsiveness. Conventional treatment approaches for cancer generally include systemic therapy after a surgical procedure. Although this treatment technique is effective, the outcome is not always positive due to various complex factors such as intratumor heterogeneity and confounding factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Patients who develop metastatic disease still have poor prognosis. To that end, recent efforts have attempted to use 3D microengineered platforms to enhance the predictive power and efficacy of anti-cancer drug screening, ultimately to develop personalized therapies. Fascinating features of microengineered assays, such as microfluidics, have led to the advancement in the development of the tumor-on-chip technology platforms, which have shown tremendous potential for meaningful and physiologically relevant anti-cancer drug discovery and screening. Three dimensional microscale models provide unprecedented ability to unveil the biological complexities of cancer and shed light into the mechanism of anti-cancer drug resistance in a timely and resource efficient manner. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of microengineered tumor models for anti-cancer drug discovery and screening in female-related cancers. We specifically focus on female-related cancers to draw attention to the various approaches being taken to improve the survival rate of women diagnosed with cancers caused by sex disparities. We also briefly discuss other cancer types like colon adenocarcinomas and glioblastoma due to their high rate of occurrence in females, as well as the high likelihood of sex-biased mutations which complicate current treatment strategies for women. We highlight recent advances in the development of 3D microscale platforms including 3D tumor spheroids, microfluidic platforms as well as bioprinted models, and discuss how they have been utilized to address major challenges in the process of drug discovery, such as chemoresistance, intratumor heterogeneity, drug toxicity, etc. We also present the potential of these platform technologies for use in high-throughput drug screening approaches as a replacements of conventional assays. Within each section, we will provide our perspectives on advantages of the discussed platform technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Amirghasemi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Barbara A Pockaj
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA. .,Biodesign Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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11
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Daunys S, Janonienė A, Januškevičienė I, Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. 3D Tumor Spheroid Models for In Vitro Therapeutic Screening of Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:243-270. [PMID: 33543463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of compounds and nanoparticles is most often determined in the cell monolayer. However, three-dimensional (3D) systems, such as tumor spheroids, are more representing the natural tumor microenvironment. They have been shown to have higher invasiveness and resistance to cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy compared to cells growing in 2D monolayer. Furthermore, to improve the prediction of clinical efficacy of drugs, in the past decades, even more sophisticated systems, such as multicellular 3D cultures, closely representing natural tumor microenvironment have been developed. Those cultures are formed from either cell lines or patient-derived tumor cells. Such models are very attractive and could improve the selection of tested materials for clinical trials avoiding unnecessary expensive tests in vivo. The microenvironment in tumor spheroids is different, and those differences or the interaction between several cell populations may contribute to different tumor response to the treatment. Also, different types of nanoparticles may have different behavior in 3D models, depending on their nature, physicochemical properties, the presence of targeting ligands on the surface, etc. Therefore, it is very important to understand in which cases which type of tumor spheroid is more suitable for testing specific types of nanoparticles, which conditions should be used, and which analytical method should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Daunys
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Janonienė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Januškevičienė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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12
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Shi Y, Cai Y, Cao Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. Recent advances in microfluidic technology and applications for anti-cancer drug screening. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Influence of ClearT and ClearT2 Agitation Conditions in the Fluorescence Imaging of 3D Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010266. [PMID: 33383886 PMCID: PMC7796078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3D tumor spheroids have arisen in the last years as potent tools for the in vitro screening of novel anticancer therapeutics. Nevertheless, to increase the reproducibility and predictability of the data originated from the spheroids it is still necessary to develop or optimize the techniques used for spheroids’ physical and biomolecular characterization. Fluorescence microscopy, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), is a tool commonly used by researchers to characterize spheroids structure and the antitumoral effect of novel therapeutics. However, its application in spheroids’ analysis is hindered by the limited light penetration in thick samples. For this purpose, optical clearing solutions have been explored to increase the spheroids’ transparency by reducing the light scattering. In this study, the influence of agitation conditions (i.e., static, horizontal agitation, and rotatory agitation) on the ClearT and ClearT2 methods’ clearing efficacy and tumor spheroids’ imaging by CLSM was characterized. The obtained results demonstrate that the ClearT method results in the improved imaging of the spheroids interior, whereas the ClearT2 resulted in an increased propidium iodide mean fluorescence intensity as well as a higher signal depth in the Z-axis. Additionally, for both methods, the best clearing results were obtained for the spheroids treated under the rotatory agitation. In general, this work provides new insights on the ClearT and ClearT2 clearing methodologies and their utilization for improving the reproducibility of the data obtained through the CLSM, such as the analysis of the cell death in response to therapeutics administration.
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Ultrastructural Features of Gold Nanoparticles Interaction with HepG2 and HEK293 Cells in Monolayer and Spheroids. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102040. [PMID: 33081137 PMCID: PMC7650816 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Use of multicellular spheroids in studies of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased in the last decade, however details of NPs interaction with spheroids are poorly known. We synthesized AuNPs (12.0 ± 0.1 nm in diameter, transmission electron microscopy (TEM data) and covered them with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). Values of hydrodynamic diameter were 17.4 ± 0.4; 35.9 ± 0.5 and ±125.9 ± 2.8 nm for AuNPs, AuBSA-NPs and AuPEI-NPs, and Z-potential (net charge) values were −33.6 ± 2.0; −35.7 ± 1.8 and 39.9 ± 1.3 mV, respectively. Spheroids of human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and human embryo kidney (HEK293) cells (Corning ® spheroid microplates CLS4515-5EA), and monolayers of these cell lines were incubated with all NPs for 15 min–4 h, and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution. Samples were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. HepG2 and HEK2893 spheroids showed tissue-specific features and contacted with culture medium by basal plasma membrane of the cells. HepG2 cells both in monolayer and spheroids did not uptake of the AuNPs, while AuBSA-NPs and AuPEI-NPs readily penetrated these cells. All studied NPs penetrated HEK293 cells in both monolayer and spheroids. Thus, two different cell cultures maintained a type of the interaction with NPs in monolayer and spheroid forms, which not depended on NPs Z-potential and size.
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15
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Shirai K, Kato H, Imai Y, Shibuta M, Kanie K, Kato R. The importance of scoring recognition fitness in spheroid morphological analysis for robust label-free quality evaluation. Regen Ther 2020; 14:205-214. [PMID: 32435672 PMCID: PMC7229423 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the growing demand for human cell spheroids as functional cellular components for both drug development and regenerative therapy, the technology to non-invasively evaluate their quality has emerged. Image-based morphology analysis of spheroids enables high-throughput screening of their quality. However, since spheroids are three-dimensional, their images can have poor contrast in their surface area, and therefore the total spheroid recognition by image processing is greatly dependent on human who design the filter-set to fit for their own definition of spheroid outline. As a result, the reproducibility of morphology measurement is critically affected by the performance of filter-set, and its fluctuation can disrupt the subsequent morphology-based analysis. Although the unexpected failure derived from the inconsistency of image processing result is a critical issue for analyzing large image data for quality screening, it has been tackled rarely. To achieve robust analysis performances using morphological features, we investigated the influence of filter-set's reproducibility for various types of spheroid data. We propose a new scoring index, the "recognition fitness deviation (RFD)," as a measure to quantitatively and comprehensively evaluate how reproductively a designed filter-set can work with data variations, such as the variations in replicate samples, in time-course samples, and in different types of cells (a total of six normal or cancer cell types). Our result shows that RFD scoring from 5000 images can automatically rank the best robust filter-set for obtaining the best 6-cell type classification model (94% accuracy). Moreover, the RFD score reflected the differences between the worst and the best classification models for morphologically similar spheroids, 60% and 89% accuracy respectively. In addition to RFD scoring, we found that using the time-course of morphological features can augment the fluctuations in spheroid recognitions leading to robust morphological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Shirai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Mathematical Sciences Research Laboratory, Research & Development Division, Nikon Corporation, Yokohama Plant, 471, Nagaodai-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 244-8533, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuta Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayu Shibuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kei Kanie
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institute for Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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16
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Ramzy GM, Koessler T, Ducrey E, McKee T, Ris F, Buchs N, Rubbia-Brandt L, Dietrich PY, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Patient-Derived In Vitro Models for Drug Discovery in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061423. [PMID: 32486365 PMCID: PMC7352800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of relevant preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of human cancer has slowed down the development and approval of new anti-cancer therapies. Even though two-dimensional in vitro culture models remain widely used, they allow only partial cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions and therefore do not represent the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, better models reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity need to be incorporated in the drug screening process to more reliably predict the efficacy of drug candidates. Classic methods of modelling colorectal carcinoma (CRC), while useful for many applications, carry numerous limitations. In this review, we address the recent advances in in vitro CRC model systems, ranging from conventional CRC patient-derived models, such as conditional reprogramming-based cell cultures, to more experimental and state-of-the-art models, such as cancer-on-chip platforms or liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Ramzy
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Eloise Ducrey
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas McKee
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Buchs
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-3352
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Darrigues E, Nima ZA, Griffin RJ, Anderson JM, Biris AS, Rodriguez A. 3D cultures for modeling nanomaterial-based photothermal therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:400-430. [PMID: 32118219 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is one of the most promising techniques for cancer tumor ablation. Nanoparticles are increasingly being investigated for use with PTT and can serve as theranostic agents. Based on the ability of near-infrared nano-photo-absorbers to generate heat under laser irradiation, PTT could prove advantageous in certain situations over more classical cancer therapies. To analyze the efficacy of nanoparticle-based PTT, preclinical in vitro studies typically use 2D cultures, but this method cannot completely mimic the complex tumor organization, bioactivity, and physiology that all control the complex penetration depth, biodistribution, and tissue diffusion parameters of nanomaterials in vivo. To fill this knowledge gap, 3D culture systems have been explored for PTT analysis. These models provide more realistic microenvironments that allow spatiotemporal oxygen gradients and cancer cell adaptations to be considered. This review highlights the work that has been done to advance 3D models for cancer microenvironment modeling, specifically in the context of advanced, functionalized nanoparticle-directed PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Darrigues
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
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18
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Unravelling Receptor and RGD Motif Dependence of Retargeted Adenoviral Vectors using Advanced Tumor Model Systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18568. [PMID: 31811202 PMCID: PMC6897923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in engineering adenoviruses are paving the way for new therapeutic gene delivery approaches in cancer. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of adenoviral retargeting on transduction efficiency in more complex tumor architectures, and the role of the RGD loop at the penton base in retargeting is unclear. To address this gap, we used tumor models of increasing complexity to study the role of the receptor and the RGD motif. Employing tumor-fibroblast co-culture models, we demonstrate the importance of the RGD motif for efficient transduction in 2D through the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), but not the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Via optical clearing of co-culture spheroids, we show that the RGD motif is required for transduction via both receptors in 3D tumor architectures. We subsequently employed a custom-designed microfluidic model containing collagen-embedded tumor spheroids, mimicking the interplay between interstitial flow, extracellular matrix and adenoviral transduction. Image analysis of on-chip cleared spheroids indicated the importance of the RGD motif for on-chip adenoviral transduction. Together, our results show the interrelationship between receptor characteristics, the RGD motif, the 3D tumor architecture and retargeted adenoviral transduction efficiency. The findings are important for the rational design of next-generation therapeutic adenoviruses.
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19
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Cytocompatibility of Titanium, Zirconia and Modified PEEK after Surface Treatment Using UV Light or Non-Thermal Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225596. [PMID: 31717459 PMCID: PMC6888564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of modifications have been developed in order to enhance surface cytocompatibility for prosthetic support of dental implants. Among them, ultraviolet (UV) light and non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment are promising methods. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of UV light and NTP on machined titanium, zirconia and modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK, BioHPP) surfaces in vitro. Machined samples of titanium, zirconia and BioHPP were treated by UV light and NTP of argon or oxygen for 12 min each. Non-treated disks were set as controls. A mouse fibroblast and a human gingival fibroblast cell line were used for in vitro experiments. After 2, 24 and 48 h of incubation, the attachment, viability and cytotoxicity of cells on surfaces were assessed. Results: Titanium, zirconia and BioHPP surfaces treated by UV light and oxygen plasma were more favorable to the early attachment of soft-tissue cells than non-treated surfaces, and the number of cells on those treated surfaces was significantly increased after 2, 24 and 48 h of incubation (p < 0.05). However, the effects of argon plasma treatment on the cytocompatibility of soft tissue cells varied with the type of cells and the treated material. UV light and oxygen plasma treatments may improve the attachment of fibroblast cells on machined titanium, zirconia and PEEK surfaces, that are materials for prosthetic support of dental implants.
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20
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Pearce AK, O'Reilly RK. Insights into Active Targeting of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: Advances in Clinical Studies and Design Considerations for Cancer Nanomedicine. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2300-2311. [PMID: 31441642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a promising strategy for improving clinical outcomes for cancer therapies, by improving drug efficacy through enhanced delivery to disease sites. It is of importance for ultimate clinical success to consider the contributing factors to achieving this goal, such as size, chemistry, and functionality of nanoparticle delivery systems, and how these parameters influence tumor localization and uptake. This Topical Review will first discuss the evolution and progress of nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery and the current challenges that remain to be addressed. Strategies for overcoming the limitations of passive targeting through active targeting approaches, and the current state of such nanomedicines in the clinic will be highlighted. Finally, novel approaches toward the design of active targeted nanoparticles building on our growing understanding of nanobio interactions are considered, in order to shed light on future design considerations for accelerating clinical translation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Pearce
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
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21
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Bartelink IH, Jones EF, Shahidi‐Latham SK, Lee PRE, Zheng Y, Vicini P, van ‘t Veer L, Wolf D, Iagaru A, Kroetz DL, Prideaux B, Cilliers C, Thurber GM, Wimana Z, Gebhart G. Tumor Drug Penetration Measurements Could Be the Neglected Piece of the Personalized Cancer Treatment Puzzle. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:148-163. [PMID: 30107040 PMCID: PMC6617978 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to use patient genomic, epigenomic, specific drug dose, and other data to define disease patterns that may potentially lead to an improved treatment outcome. Personalized dosing regimens based on tumor drug penetration can play a critical role in this approach. State-of-the-art techniques to measure tumor drug penetration focus on systemic exposure, tissue penetration, cellular or molecular engagement, and expression of pharmacological activity. Using in silico methods, this information can be integrated to bridge the gap between the therapeutic regimen and the pharmacological link with clinical outcome. These methodologies are described, and challenges ahead are discussed. Supported by many examples, this review shows how the combination of these techniques provides enhanced patient-specific information on drug accessibility at the tumor tissue level, target binding, and downstream pharmacology. Our vision of how to apply tumor drug penetration measurements offers a roadmap for the clinical implementation of precision dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke H. Bartelink
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD)MedImmuneSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacyAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ella F. Jones
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Pei Rong Evelyn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yanan Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD)MedImmuneSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Vicini
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD)MedImmuneCambridgeUK
| | - Laura van ‘t Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Denise Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging at Stanford Health CareStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Deanna L. Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (BTS)School of PharmacyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolPublic Health Research InstituteRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Cornelius Cilliers
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Greg M. Thurber
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Zena Wimana
- Institut Jules BordetUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Geraldine Gebhart
- Institut Jules BordetUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
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22
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Booij TH, Price LS, Danen EHJ. 3D Cell-Based Assays for Drug Screens: Challenges in Imaging, Image Analysis, and High-Content Analysis. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2019; 24:615-627. [PMID: 30817892 PMCID: PMC6589915 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219830087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of more relevant cell models in early preclinical drug discovery, combined with high-content imaging and automated analysis, is expected to increase the quality of compounds progressing to preclinical stages in the drug development pipeline. In this review we discuss the current switch to more relevant 3D cell culture models and associated challenges for high-throughput screening and high-content analysis. We propose that overcoming these challenges will enable front-loading the drug discovery pipeline with better biology, extracting the most from that biology, and, in general, improving translation between in vitro and in vivo models. This is expected to reduce the proportion of compounds that fail in vivo testing due to a lack of efficacy or to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen H. Booij
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leo S. Price
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- OcellO B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Microfluidics is an appealing platform for drug screening and discovery. Compared with the conventional drug screening methods based on Petri dishes and experimental animals, microfluidic devices have many advantages including miniaturized size, ease-to-use, high sensitivity, and high throughput. More importantly, bioassays on microfluidics can avoid ethical issues which can be a big obstacle hindering the performance of the experiments on animals or human being. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) microchips can recapitulate various biochemical and biophysical conditions in vivo and mimic the natural microenvironment of the tissues/organs, providing versatile in vitro models for biomedical applications. In this Perspective, we will focus on the cell-based microfluidic assays for drug screening. Meanwhile, we also propose potential solutions for the difficulties in this field and discuss the prospects of microfluidics-based technologies for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Dhiman N, Kingshott P, Sumer H, Sharma CS, Rath SN. On-chip anticancer drug screening - Recent progress in microfluidic platforms to address challenges in chemotherapy. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:236-254. [PMID: 31121461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for advanced and inexpensive preclinical models to accelerate the development of anticancer drugs. While costly animal models fail to predict human clinical outcomes, in vitro models such as microfluidic chips ('tumor-on-chip') are showing tremendous promise at predicting and providing meaningful preclinical drug screening outcomes. Research on 'tumor-on-chips' has grown enormously worldwide and is being widely accepted by pharmaceutical companies as a drug development tool. In light of this shift in philosophy, it is important to review the recent literature on microfluidic devices to determine how rapidly the technology has progressed as a promising model for drug screening and aiding cancer therapy. We review the past five years of successful developments and capabilities in microdevice technology (cancer models) for use in anticancer drug screening. Microfluidic devices that are being designed to address current challenges in chemotherapy, such as drug resistance, combinatorial drug therapy, personalized medicine, and cancer metastasis are also reviewed in detail. We provide a perspective on how personalized 'tumor-on-chip', as well as high-throughput microfluidic platforms based on patient-specific tumor cells, can potentially replace the more expensive and 'non-human' animal models in preclinical anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dhiman
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chandra S Sharma
- Creative & Advanced Research Based On Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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25
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van Oppen LMPE, Pille J, Stuut C, van Stevendaal M, van der Vorm LN, Smeitink JAM, Koopman WJH, Willems PHGM, van Hest JCM, Brock R. Octa-arginine boosts the penetration of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles in 3D cancer models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:175-184. [PMID: 30776413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoparticles are a versatile platform for targeted drug delivery. As for any type of nanocarrier system, an important challenge remains the ability of deep (tumor) tissue penetration. In this study, ELP particles with controlled surface density of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) octa-arginine (R8) were created by temperature-induced co-assembly. ELPs formed micellar nanoparticles with a diameter of around 60 nm. Cellular uptake in human skin fibroblasts was directly dependent on the surface density of R8 as confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Remarkably, next to promoting cellular uptake, the presence of the CPP also enhanced penetration into spheroids generated from human glioblastoma U-87 cells. After 24 h, uptake into cells was observed in multiple layers towards the spheroid core. ELP particles not carrying any CPP did not penetrate. Clearly, a high CPP density exerted a dual benefit on cellular uptake and tissue penetration. At low nanoparticle concentration, there was evidence of a binding site barrier as observed for the penetration of molecules binding with high affinity to cell surface receptors. In conclusion, R8-functionalized ELP nanoparticles form an excellent delivery vehicle that combines tunability of surface characteristics with small and well-defined size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M P E van Oppen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Pille
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Stuut
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Stevendaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa N van der Vorm
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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26
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Takahashi H, Yumoto K, Yasuhara K, Nadres ET, Kikuchi Y, Buttitta L, Taichman RS, Kuroda K. Anticancer polymers designed for killing dormant prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1096. [PMID: 30705336 PMCID: PMC6355926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of anticancer therapeutics effective in eliminating dormant cells is a significant challenge in cancer biology. Here, we describe new synthetic polymer-based anticancer agents that mimic the mode of action of anticancer peptides. These anticancer polymers developed here are designed to capture the cationic, amphiphilic traits of anticancer peptides. The anticancer polymers are designed to target anionic lipids exposed on the cancer cell surfaces and act by disrupting the cancer cell membranes. Because the polymer mechanism is not dependent on cell proliferation, we hypothesized that the polymers were active against dormant cancer cells. The polymers exhibited cytotoxicity to proliferating prostate cancer. Importantly, the polymer killed dormant prostate cancer cells that were resistant to docetaxel. This study demonstrates a new approach to discover novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739–8526 Japan
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630–0192 Japan
| | - Enrico T. Nadres
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Yutaka Kikuchi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739–8526 Japan
| | - Laura Buttitta
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Russell S. Taichman
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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27
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Rompicharla SVK, Kumari P, Bhatt H, Ghosh B, Biswas S. Biotin functionalized PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer conjugate for active targeting of paclitaxel in cancer. Int J Pharm 2018; 557:329-341. [PMID: 30599231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we employed poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 4 (G4) to deliver paclitaxel (PTX), a poorly soluble anti-cancer agent precisely to cancer cells via its conjugation on dendrimer surface. Further, G4 PAMAM has been PEGylated (PEG) and tagged with Biotin, an essential micronutrient for cellular functions, receptors of which are overexpressed in certain cancers. The synthesized multifunctional conjugates were characterized by 1H NMR and zeta potential analysis techniques. In addition, the conjugates were evaluated in vitro in cell monolayers and 3D spheroids of biotin receptor over-expressed A549 cell line (human non-small cell lung cancer). G4 PTX PEG-Biotin conjugate penetrated at significantly higher extent in monolayers as well as spheroids as studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy by visualizing the cells at varied depth. The G4 PTX PEG-Biotin conjugate demonstrated higher cytotoxicity compared to free PTX and G4 PTX PEG conjugate as assessed by MTT assay in monolayers and Presto Blue assay in detached spheroidal cells. G4 PTX PEG-Biotin demonstrated significant inhibition of growth of tumor spheroids. Therefore, the newly synthesized biotin anchored PTX-conjugated dendrimer system is promising and could be further explored for efficiently delivering PTX to biotin receptor overexpressed cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Vishnu Kiran Rompicharla
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Preeti Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
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28
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Nunes AS, Costa EC, Barros AS, de Melo-Diogo D, Correia IJ. Establishment of 2D Cell Cultures Derived From 3D MCF-7 Spheroids Displaying a Doxorubicin Resistant Profile. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800268. [PMID: 30242980 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro 3D cancer spheroids generally exhibit a drug resistance profile similar to that found in solid tumors. Due to this property, these models are an appealing for anticancer compounds screening. Nevertheless, the techniques and methods aimed for drug discovery are mostly standardized for cells cultured in 2D. The development of 2D cell culture models displaying a drug resistant profile is required to mimic the in vivo tumors, while the equipment, techniques, and methodologies established for conventional 2D cell cultures can continue to be employed in compound screening. In this work, the response of 3D-derived MCF-7 cells subsequently cultured in 2D in medium supplemented with glutathione (GSH) (antioxidant agent found in high levels in breast cancer tissues and a promoter of cancer cells resistance) to Doxorubicin (DOX) is evaluated. These cells demonstrated a resistance toward DOX closer to that displayed by 3D spheroids, which is higher than that exhibited by standard 2D cell cultures. In fact, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of DOX in 3D-derived MCF-7 cell cultures supplemented with GSH is about eight-times higher than that obtained for conventional 2D cell cultures (cultured without GSH), and is only about two-times lower than that attained for 3D MCF-7 spheroids (cultured without GSH). Further investigation revealed that this improved resistance of 3D-derived MCF-7 cells may result from their increased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and reduced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Nunes
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Andreia S Barros
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Duarte de Melo-Diogo
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,CIEPQF - Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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van den Brand D, Mertens V, Massuger LF, Brock R. siRNA in ovarian cancer – Delivery strategies and targets for therapy. J Control Release 2018; 283:45-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Nguyen EH, Murphy WL. Customizable biomaterials as tools for advanced anti-angiogenic drug discovery. Biomaterials 2018; 181:53-66. [PMID: 30077137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of angiogenesis is a critical element of cancer therapy, as cancer vasculature contributes to tumor expansion. While numerous drugs have proven to be effective at disrupting cancer vasculature, patient survival has not significantly improved as a result of anti-angiogenic drug treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that this is due to a combination of unintended side effects resulting from the application of anti-angiogenic compounds, including angiogenic rebound after treatment and the activation of metastasis in the tumor. There is currently a need to better understand the far-reaching effects of anti-angiogenic drug treatments in the context of cancer. Numerous innovations and discoveries in biomaterials design and tissue engineering techniques are providing investigators with tools to develop physiologically relevant vascular models and gain insights into the holistic impact of drug treatments on tumors. This review examines recent advances in the design of pro-angiogenic biomaterials, specifically in controlling integrin-mediated cell adhesion, growth factor signaling, mechanical properties and oxygen tension, as well as the implementation of pro-angiogenic materials into sophisticated co-culture models of cancer vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (Human MAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (Human MAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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31
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Rompicharla SVK, Kumari P, Ghosh B, Biswas S. Octa-arginine modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimers for improved delivery and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel in cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:847-859. [PMID: 29790795 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1470527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have the ability to penetrate the cell membrane and have been associated with various cargos for their facile intracellular translocation. The current study involves the synthesis of a CPP, octa-arginine (R8)-modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimer of generation 4 (G4), which has additionally been PEGylated and conjugated to the poorly soluble anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX). The synthesized dendrimer conjugates were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) Spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements and evaluated in vitro in cell monolayers and 3D spheroids. Cellular uptake study in human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) revealed that R8 modification significantly improved the cell association of conjugates. G4-PTX- polyethylene glycol (PEG)-R8 conjugate demonstrated enhanced cytotoxic potential and higher induction of apoptosis compared to free PTX and G4-PTX-PEG. Further, the penetrability of fluorescently labeled F-G4-PTX-PEG-R8 was evaluated in 3D spheroids of HeLa at various depths by using confocal microscopy. G4-PTX-PEG-R8 induced cell death and inhibited the growth in 3D spheroids as competently as in monolayers. The enhanced intracellular translocation of R8-modified dendrimers resulted in improved anticancer efficacy of PTX. Therefore, the newly developed dendrimer system is efficient for the intracellular delivery of PTX in cancer cells and has a strong potential to be utilized as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Vishnu Kiran Rompicharla
- a Department of Pharmacy , Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani - Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India
| | - Preeti Kumari
- a Department of Pharmacy , Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani - Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- a Department of Pharmacy , Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani - Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India
| | - Swati Biswas
- a Department of Pharmacy , Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani - Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India
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Penetration in 3D tumor spheroids and explants: Adding a further dimension to the structure-activity relationship of cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1342-1349. [PMID: 29550289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery into tumors and metastases is a major challenge in the eradication of cancers such as epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising group of delivery vehicles to mediate cellular entry of molecules that otherwise poorly enter cells. However, little is known about their penetration behavior in tissues. Here, we investigated penetration of cationic CPPs in 3D ovarian cancer spheroids and patient-derived 3D tumor explants. Penetration kinetics and distribution after long-term incubation were imaged by confocal microscopy. In addition, spheroids and tumor explants were dissociated and cell-associated fluorescence determined by flow cytometry. CPPs with high uptake activity showed enhanced sequestration in the periphery of the spheroid, whereas less active CPPs were able to penetrate deeper into the tissue. CPPs consisting of d-amino acids were advantageous over l-amino acid CPPs as they showed less but long lasting cellular uptake activity, which benefitted penetration and retention over time. In primary tumor cultures, in contrast to nonaarginine, the amphipathic CPP penetratin was strongly sequestered by cell debris and matrix components pointing towards arginine-rich CPPs as a preferred choice. Overall, the data show that testing in 3D models leads to a different choice of the preferred peptide in comparison to a standard 2D cell culture.
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33
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Huang BW, Gao JQ. Application of 3D cultured multicellular spheroid tumor models in tumor-targeted drug delivery system research. J Control Release 2017; 270:246-259. [PMID: 29233763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery systems are promising for their advantages in enhanced tumor accumulation and reduced toxicity towards normal organs. However, few nanomedicines have been successfully translated into clinical application. One reason is the gap between current pre-clinical and clinical studies. The prevalent in vitro models utilized in pre-clinical phase are mainly based on the two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and are limited by the difficulty of simulating three-dimensional physiological conditions in human body, such as three-dimensional (3D) architecture, cell heterogeneity, nutrient gradients and the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, traditional animal models have drawbacks such as high-cost, long periods and physiological differences between animal and human. On the other hand, the employment of 3D tumor cell culture models, especially multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), has increased significantly in recent decades. These models have been shown to simulate 3D structures of tumors in vitro with relatively low cost and simple protocols. Currently, MCTS have also been widely exploited in drug delivery system research for comprehensive study of drug efficacy, drug penetration, receptor targeting, and cell recruitment abilities. This review summarizes the delivery barriers for nano-carriers presented in tumor microenvironment, the characteristics and formation methods for applicable multicellular tumor spheroid culture models and recent studies related to their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery system research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Wei Huang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21231, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Sun L, Zhou G, Xie P, Ye J. Sepia ink oligopeptide induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23202-23212. [PMID: 28423568 PMCID: PMC5410297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepia ink oligopeptide (SIO), as a tripeptide extracted from Sepia ink, could be used as an inducer of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. We designed a cyclo-mimetic peptide of SIO by introducing a disulfide bond to stabilize the native peptide into beta turn structure, and produced a peptide with higher cell permeability and stability. Through labeling an FITC to the N-terminus of the peptide, the cell permeability was examined. Stabilized peptide showed enhanced cellular uptake than linear tripeptide as indicated by flow cytometry and cell fluorescent imaging. The high intracellular delivery of stable SIO could more efficiently inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated, whereas pro-apoptotic proteins P53 and caspase-3 were up-regulated by stable SIO. In conclusion, our study is the first to use stable SIO to induce apoptosis in two lung cancer cells A549 and H1299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Medical Iconography, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjun Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
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35
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Björnmalm M, Thurecht KJ, Michael M, Scott AM, Caruso F. Bridging Bio-Nano Science and Cancer Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9594-9613. [PMID: 28926225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The interface of bio-nano science and cancer medicine is an area experiencing much progress but also beset with controversy. Core concepts of the field-e.g., the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, tumor targeting and accumulation, and even the purpose of "nano" in cancer medicine-are hotly debated. In parallel, considerable advances in neighboring fields are occurring rapidly, including the recent progress of "immuno-oncology" and the fundamental impact it is having on our understanding and the clinical treatment of the group of diseases collectively known as cancer. Herein, we (i) revisit how cancer is commonly treated in the clinic and how this relates to nanomedicine; (ii) examine the ongoing debate on the relevance of the EPR effect and tumor targeting; (iii) highlight ways to improve the next-generation of nanomedicines; and (iv) discuss the emerging concept of working with (and not against) biology. While discussing these controversies, challenges, emerging concepts, and opportunities, we explore new directions for the field of cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Björnmalm
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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