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Kojima C, Yao J, Nakajima K, Suzuki M, Tsujimoto A, Kuge Y, Ogawa M, Matsumoto A. Attenuated polyethylene glycol immunogenicity and overcoming accelerated blood clearance of a fully PEGylated dendrimer. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124193. [PMID: 38703934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a popular biocompatible polymer and PEGylated nanoparticles passively accumulate in tumor tissues because of their enhanced permeability and retention effects. Recently, the anti-PEG immunity of PEGylated nanoparticles has become an issue that needs to be solved for their clinical applications. Dendrimers are highly branched and well-defined polymers with many terminal groups, which act as potent drug carriers. In this study, we examined the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, anti-PEG immunity, and tumor accumulation of a fully PEGylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer after the first and second injections and compared them to those of a PEGylated liposome with the same lipid component as Doxil®. The PEGylated dendrimer showed greater blood circulation than that of the PEGylated liposome after the first and second injections in rats. In mice injected with the PEGylated dendrimer, much less anti-PEG immunoglobulin M (IgM) was generated than that in mice injected with the PEGylated liposome. The PEGylated dendrimer accumulated in the tumor after both the first and second injections. Our results indicated that the PEGylated dendrimer with a small size and high PEG density showed attenuated anti-PEG immunity and overcame the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon, which is useful for drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ayako Tsujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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Pavón C, Benetti EM, Lorandi F. Polymer Brushes on Nanoparticles for Controlling the Interaction with Protein-Rich Physiological Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11843-11857. [PMID: 38787578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with biological environments triggers the formation of a protein corona (PC), which significantly influences their behavior in vivo. This review explores the evolving understanding of PC formation, focusing on the opportunity for decreasing or suppressing protein-NP interactions by macromolecular engineering of NP shells. The functionalization of NPs with a dense, hydrated polymer brush shell is a powerful strategy for imparting stealth properties in order to elude recognition by the immune system. While poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been extensively used for this purpose, concerns regarding its stability and immunogenicity have prompted the exploration of alternative polymers. The stealth properties of brush shells can be enhanced by tailoring functionalities and structural parameters, including the molar mass, grafting density, and polymer topology. Determining correlations between these parameters and biopassivity has enabled us to obtain polymer-grafted NPs with high colloidal stability and prolonged circulation time in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pavón
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry (MOC), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry (MOC), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry (MOC), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Capolla S, Colombo F, De Maso L, Mauro P, Bertoncin P, Kähne T, Engler A, Núñez L, Spretz R, Larsen G, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G, Macor P. Surface antibody changes protein corona both in human and mouse serum but not final opsonization and elimination of targeted polymeric nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:376. [PMID: 37838659 PMCID: PMC10576379 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles represent one of the most important innovations in the medical field. Among nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) attracted much attention due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and capacity to increase efficacy and safety of encapsulated drugs. Another important improvement in the use of nanoparticles as delivery systems is the conjugation of a targeting agent that enables the nanoparticles to accumulate in a specific tissue. Despite these advantages, the clinical translation of therapeutic approaches based on nanoparticles is prevented by their interactions with blood proteins. In fact, the so-formed protein corona (PC) drastically alters the biological identity of the particles. Adsorbed activated proteins of the complement cascade play a pivotal role in the clearance of nanoparticles, making them more easily recognized by macrophages, leading to their rapid elimination from the bloodstream and limiting their efficacy. Since the mouse is the most used preclinical model for human disease, this work compared human and mouse PC formed on untargeted PNPs (uPNPs) and targeted PNPs (tPNPs), paying particular attention to complement activation. RESULTS Mouse and human serum proteins adsorbed differently to PNPs. The differences in the binding of mouse complement proteins are minimal, whereas human complement components strongly distinguish the two particles. This is probably due to the human origin of the Fc portion of the antibody used as targeting agent on tPNPs. tPNPs and uPNPs mainly activate complement via the classical and alternative pathways, respectively, but this pattern did not affect their binding and internalization in macrophages and only a limited consumption of the activity of the human complement system was documented. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate the presence of complement proteins on PNPs surface but partially derived from an unspecific deposition rather than an effective complement activation. The presence of a targeting antibody favors the activation of the classical pathway, but its absence allows an increased activation of the alternative pathway. This results in similar opsonization of both PNPs and similar phagocytosis by macrophages, without an impairment of the activity of circulating complement system and, consequently, not enhancing the susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Capolla
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri n. 5, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Luca De Maso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri n. 5, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Prisca Mauro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri n. 5, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Paolo Bertoncin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri n. 5, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Exptl. Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Alexander Engler
- Institute of Exptl. Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Luis Núñez
- BioTarget Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Natural Science Department, Concordia University, 7400 Augusta St, River Forest, IL, 60305, USA
- LNK Chemsolutions LLC, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ruben Spretz
- BioTarget Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- LNK Chemsolutions LLC, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Gustavo Larsen
- BioTarget Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- LNK Chemsolutions LLC, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri n. 5, Trieste, 34127, Italy.
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Guo C, Yuan H, Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Tang X. The interplay between PEGylated nanoparticles and blood immune system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115044. [PMID: 37541623 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, an increasing number of reports have pointed out that the immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) may trigger accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) to PEGylated nanoparticles, which could make PEG modification counterproductive. These phenomena would be detrimental to the efficacy of the load and even life-threatening to patients. Consequently, further elucidation of the interplay between PEGylated nanoparticles and the blood immune system will be beneficial to developing and applying related formulations. Many groups have worked to unveil the relevance of structural factors, dosing schedule, and other factors to the ABC phenomenon and hypersensitivity reaction. Interestingly, the results of some reports seem to be difficult to interpret or contradict with other reports. In this review, we summarize the physiological mechanisms of PEG-specific immune response. Moreover, we speculate on the potential relationship between the induction phase and the effectuation phase to explain the divergent results in published reports. In addition, the role of nanoparticle-associated factors is discussed based on the classification of the action phase. This review may help researchers to develop PEGylated nanoparticles to avoid unfavorable immune responses based on the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
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Moghimi SM, Haroon HB, Yaghmur A, Hunter AC, Papini E, Farhangrazi ZS, Simberg D, Trohopoulos PN. Perspectives on complement and phagocytic cell responses to nanoparticles: From fundamentals to adverse reactions. J Control Release 2023; 356:115-129. [PMID: 36841287 PMCID: PMC11000211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The complement system, professional phagocytes and other cells such as Natural killer cells and mast cells are among the important components of the innate arm of the immune system. These constituents provide an orchestrated array of defences and responses against tissue injury and foreign particles, including nanopharmaceuticals. While interception of nanopharmaceuticals by the immune system is beneficial for immunomodulation and treatment of phagocytic cell disorders, it is imperative to understand the multifaceted mechanisms by which nanopharmaceuticals interacts with the immune system and evaluate the subsequent balance of beneficial versus adverse reactions. An example of the latter is adverse infusion reactions to regulatory-approved nanopharmaceuticals seen in human subjects. Here, we discuss collective opinions and findings from our laboratories in mapping nanoparticle-mediated complement and leucocyte/macrophage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Hajira B Haroon
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - A Christy Hunter
- School of Pharmacy, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Emanuele Papini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Z Shadi Farhangrazi
- S. M. Discovery Group Inc., Centennial, CO, USA; S. M. Discovery Group Ltd., Durham, UK
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Fan Y, Xu C, Deng N, Gao Z, Jiang Z, Li X, Zhou Y, Pei H, Li L, Tang B. Understanding drug nanocarrier and blood-brain barrier interaction based on a microfluidic microphysiological model. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1935-1944. [PMID: 36891748 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As many nanoparticles (NPs) have been exploited as drug carriers to overcome the resistance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reliable in vitro BBB models are urgently needed to help researchers to comprehensively understand drug nanocarrier-BBB interaction during penetration, which can prompt pre-clinical nanodrug exploitation. Herein, we developed a microfluidic microphysiological model, allowing the analysis of BBB homeostasis and NP penetration. We found that the BBB penetrability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was size- and modification-dependent, which might be caused by a distinct transendocytosis pathway. Notably, transferrin-modified 13 nm AuNPs held the strongest BBB penetrability and induced the slightest BBB dysfunction, while bare 80 nm and 120 nm AuNPs showed opposite results. Moreover, further analysis of the protein corona showed that PEGylation reduced the protein absorption, and some proteins facilitated the BBB penetration of NPs. The developed microphysiological model provides a powerful tool for understanding the drug nanocarrier-BBB interaction, which is vital for exploiting high-efficiency and biocompatible nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Deng
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jinan 250101, P. R. China
| | - Ze Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Haimeng Pei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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El-Baz N, Nunn BM, Bates PJ, O’Toole MG. The Impact of PEGylation on Cellular Uptake and In Vivo Biodistribution of Gold Nanoparticle MRI Contrast Agents. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120766. [PMID: 36550972 PMCID: PMC9774698 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have immense potential in biomedicine, but understanding their interactions with serum proteins is crucial as it could change their biological profile due to the formation of a protein corona, which could then affect their ultimate biodistribution in the body. Grafting GNPs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely used practice in research in order to decrease opsonization of the particles by serum proteins and to decrease particle uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system. We investigated the impact of PEGylation on the formation of protein coronae and the subsequent uptake by macrophages and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Furthermore, we investigated the in vivo biodistribution in xenograft tumor-bearing mice using a library of 4 and 10 nm GNPs conjugated with a gadolinium chelate as MRI contrast agent, cancer-targeting aptamer AS1411 (or CRO control oligonucleotide), and with or without PEG molecules of different molecular weight (Mw: 1, 2, and 5 kDa). In vitro results showed that PEG failed to decrease the adsorption of proteins; moreover, the cellular uptake by macrophage cells was contingent on the different configurations of the aptamers and the length of the PEG chain. In vivo biodistribution studies showed that PEG increased the uptake by tumor cells for some GNPs, albeit it did not decrease the uptake of GNPs by macrophage-rich organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa El-Baz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Betty M. Nunn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Paula J. Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Martin G. O’Toole
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Magogotya M, Vetten M, Roux-van der Merwe MP, Badenhorst J, Gulumian M. In vitro toxicity and internalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and the human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 883-884:503556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Waheed S, Li Z, Zhang F, Chiarini A, Armato U, Wu J. Engineering nano-drug biointerface to overcome biological barriers toward precision drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:395. [PMID: 36045386 PMCID: PMC9428887 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of nanomedicine and nanoparticle (NP) materials presents novel solutions potentially capable of revolutionizing health care by improving efficacy, bioavailability, drug targeting, and safety. NPs are intriguing when considering medical applications because of their essential and unique qualities, including a significantly higher surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, and the potential to adsorb and transport drugs and other compounds. However, NPs must overcome or navigate several biological barriers of the human body to successfully deliver drugs at precise locations. Engineering the drug carrier biointerface can help overcome the main biological barriers and optimize the drug delivery in a more personalized manner. This review discusses the significant heterogeneous biological delivery barriers and how biointerface engineering can promote drug carriers to prevail over hurdles and navigate in a more personalized manner, thus ushering in the era of Precision Medicine. We also summarize the nanomedicines' current advantages and disadvantages in drug administration, from natural/synthetic sources to clinical applications. Additionally, we explore the innovative NP designs used in both non-personalized and customized applications as well as how they can attain a precise therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saquib Waheed
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Fangyingnan Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy.
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10
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Nanoscale delivery platforms for RNA therapeutics: Challenges and the current state of the art. MED 2022; 3:167-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Deng J, Wang J, Shi J, Li H, Lu M, Fan Z, Gu Z, Cheng H. Tailoring the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for immunomodulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114039. [PMID: 34742825 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulation is poised to revolutionize the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and many other inflammation-related disorders. The immune system in these conditions can be either activated or suppressed by nanocarriers loaded with bioactive molecules. Although immunomodulation via these therapeutics has long been recognized, and a broad range of nanocarriers have been designed to accommodate varied usages, less studies have focused on the effects of nanomaterial physicochemical properties on immune responses, especially the immunity altered by nanocarrier materials alone. Conclusions are sometimes seemly inconsistent due to the complexities of nanomaterials and the immune system. An in-depth understanding of the nanocarrier-induced immune responses is essential for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize recent studies of the immune responses influenced by nanomaterial physicochemical properties with an emphasis on the intrinsic features of nanomaterials that modulate the innate and adaptive immunities. We then provide our perspectives on the design of nanomaterials for immunomodulation.
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Wahab S, Alshahrani MY, Ahmad MF, Abbas H. Current trends and future perspectives of nanomedicine for the management of colon cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174464. [PMID: 34474029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) kills countless people every year throughout the globe. It persists as one of the highly lethal diseases to be treated because the overall survival rate for CC is meagre. Early diagnosis and efficient treatments are two of the biggest hurdles in the fight against cancer. In the present work, we will review thriving strategies for CC targeted drug delivery and critically explain the most recent progressions on emerging novel nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology-based animal and human clinical trial studies targeting CC are discussed. Advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems intended to enhance cellular uptake, improved pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of anticancer drugs have facilitated the powerful targeting of specific agents for CC therapy. This review provides insight into current progress and future opportunities for nanomedicines as potential curative targets for CC treatment. This information could be used as a platform for the future expansion of multi-functional nano constructs for CC's advanced detection and functional drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashim Abbas
- Queens Medical Center, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Jang GJ, Jeong JY, Kang J, Cho W, Han SY. Size Dependence Unveiling the Adsorption Interaction of High-Density Lipoprotein Particles with PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles in Biomolecular Corona Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9755-9763. [PMID: 34347501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins have been often found to be highly enriched in the serum protein coronas produced on various engineered nanoparticles (NPs), which is also known to greatly influence the behaviors of protein corona NPs in the biological systems. As most of the apolipoproteins in blood are associated with lipoproteins, it suggests the active involvement of lipoproteins in the formation of biomolecular coronas on NPs. However, the interactions of lipoprotein complexes with NPs in the corona formation have been rarely understood. In this study, to obtain insights into the interactions, the formation of biomolecular coronas of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) on the PEGylated gold NPs (PEG-AuNPs) of various sizes (20-150 nm dia.) was investigated as a model system. The results of this study revealed a noticeable size dependence, which is a drastic increase in the affinity of HDL for larger NPs and thus less-curved NP surfaces. For example, only a few HDLs per NP, which correspond to 5% surface coverage, were found to constitute the hard coronas of HDLs on 20 nm PEG-AuNPs, whereas 73% surface coverage was assessed for larger 150 nm PEG-AuNPs. However, the relative affinities of HDL and apolipoprotein A-1 (APOA1) examined in competition with human serum albumin exhibited the opposite size dependences, which suggests that the adsorption of HDLs is not driven by the constituent protein, APOA1. In fact, the total strength of non-covalent intermolecular interactions between a HDL particle and a NP relies on the physical contact between the two particles, which thus depends on the varying curvatures of spherical NPs in this case. Therefore, it was concluded that it is whole HDL complex that interacts with the spherical PEG-AuNPs in the initial stage of adsorption toward biomolecular coronas, which is unveiled by the distinct size dependence observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwi Ju Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonryeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
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14
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Shi L, Zhang J, Zhao M, Tang S, Cheng X, Zhang W, Li W, Liu X, Peng H, Wang Q. Effects of polyethylene glycol on the surface of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10748-10764. [PMID: 34132312 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of drug nanocarriers has benefited from the surface hydrophilic polymers of particles, which has improved the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a kind of polymeric material with unique hydrophilicity and electrical neutrality. PEG coating is a crucial factor to improve the biophysical and chemical properties of nanoparticles and is widely studied. Protein adherence and macrophage removal are effectively relieved due to the existence of PEG on the particles. This review discusses the PEGylation methods of nanoparticles and related techniques that have been used to detect the PEG coverage density and thickness on the surface of the nanoparticles in recent years. The molecular weight (MW) and coverage density of the PEG coating on the surface of nanoparticles are then described to explain the effects on the biophysical and chemical properties of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, 1 Xinyang Rd., Daqing 163319, China.
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15
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Yeo ELL, Azman N'A, Kah JCY. Stealthiness and Hematocompatibility of Gold Nanoparticles with Pre-Formed Protein Corona. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4913-4923. [PMID: 33861611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have established that a serum protein corona pre-formed around gold nanorods (NRs) could be exploited for loading photosensitizers and chemotherapeutics to result in efficient cell kill in vitro with an extremely low dose. In this study, we further demonstrated that pre-forming a serum protein corona (PC) around citrate-capped NRs (NR-Cit) to form NR-PC conferred them stealth property and high hematocompatibility similar to the common strategy of PEGylating NRs, which would otherwise not be able to evade the immune system. Specifically, the NR-PC caused minimal complement activation with significantly lower formation of the terminal complement complex SC5b-9 measured in human serum containing NR-PC, and this resulted in low uptake by phagocytic U937 monocytes of 5.9% of the initial gold dose compared to 55.8% of NR-Cit. In addition, NR-PC exhibited very low hemolytic activity of less than 0.2% hemolysis with no observable effect on RBC morphology as opposed to 0.6% for NR-Cit at the same concentration of 1 nM NRs. Furthermore, we showed that the high hematocompatibility and stealth property of NR-PC were maintained even after the loading of small molecules, photosensitizer Chlorine e6 (Ce6), into the protein corona, thus further establishing the potential clinical relevance of exploiting the inevitably formed serum protein corona on nanoparticles as an effective delivery vector for small molecular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Li Ling Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4, #04-08, 117583 Singapore
| | - Nurul 'Ain Azman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4, #04-08, 117583 Singapore
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4, #04-08, 117583 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore
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16
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Tian Y, Tian Z, Dong Y, Wang X, Zhan L. Current advances in nanomaterials affecting morphology, structure, and function of erythrocytes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6958-6971. [PMID: 35423203 PMCID: PMC8695043 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, nanomaterials have been widely used in the field of biomedicine due to their unique physical and chemical properties, and have shown good prospects for in vitro diagnosis, drug delivery, and imaging. With regard to transporting nanoparticles (NPs) to target tissues or organs in the body intravenously or otherwise, blood is the first tissue that NPs come into contact with and is also considered an important gateway for targeted transport. Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in the blood, but previous studies based on interactions between erythrocytes and NPs mostly focused on the use of erythrocytes as drug carriers for nanomedicine which were chemically bound or physically adsorbed by NPs, so little is known about the effects of nanoparticles on the morphology, structure, function, and circulation time of erythrocytes in the body. Herein, this review focuses on the mechanisms by which nanoparticles affect the structure and function of erythrocyte membranes, involving the hemocompatibility of NPs, the way that NPs interact with erythrocyte membranes, effects of NPs on erythrocyte surface membrane proteins and their structural morphology and the effect of NPs on erythrocyte lifespan and function. The detailed analysis in this review is expected to shed light on the more advanced biocompatibility of nanomaterials and pave the way for the development of new nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Tian
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian Shandong 271016 China
| | - Zhaoju Tian
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian Shandong 271016 China
| | - Yanrong Dong
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Zhan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
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17
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Damasco JA, Ravi S, Perez JD, Hagaman DE, Melancon MP. Understanding Nanoparticle Toxicity to Direct a Safe-by-Design Approach in Cancer Nanomedicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2186. [PMID: 33147800 PMCID: PMC7692849 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly growing field that uses nanomaterials for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various diseases, including cancer. Various biocompatible nanoplatforms with diversified capabilities for tumor targeting, imaging, and therapy have materialized to yield individualized therapy. However, due to their unique properties brought about by their small size, safety concerns have emerged as their physicochemical properties can lead to altered pharmacokinetics, with the potential to cross biological barriers. In addition, the intrinsic toxicity of some of the inorganic materials (i.e., heavy metals) and their ability to accumulate and persist in the human body has been a challenge to their translation. Successful clinical translation of these nanoparticles is heavily dependent on their stability, circulation time, access and bioavailability to disease sites, and their safety profile. This review covers preclinical and clinical inorganic-nanoparticle based nanomaterial utilized for cancer imaging and therapeutics. A special emphasis is put on the rational design to develop non-toxic/safe inorganic nanoparticle constructs to increase their viability as translatable nanomedicine for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossana A. Damasco
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.D.); (J.D.P.); (D.E.H.)
| | - Saisree Ravi
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Joy D. Perez
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.D.); (J.D.P.); (D.E.H.)
| | - Daniel E. Hagaman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.D.); (J.D.P.); (D.E.H.)
| | - Marites P. Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.D.); (J.D.P.); (D.E.H.)
- UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu J, Zhang S, Mei X, Liu N, Hu T, Liang R, Yan D, Wei M. Ultrathin Transition Metal Chalcogenide Nanosheets Synthesized via Topotactic Transformation for Effective Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48310-48320. [PMID: 33048540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin transition metal chalcogenide (TMC) nanosheets with ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency (η) and excellent stability are strongly desired in the application of photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the current synthetic methods of ultrathin TMC nanosheets have issues in obtaining uniform morphology, good dispersion, and satisfactory PTT behavior. Herein, ultrathin nanosheets of CoFe-selenide (CFS) with a finely controlled structure were prepared via a topological structural transformation process from an ultrathin CoFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursor, followed by surface modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The as-prepared CFS-PEG nanosheets inherit the ultrathin morphology of CoFe-LDH and exhibit an outstanding photothermal performance with a η of 74.5%, which is the first rank level of reported two-dimensional (2D) TMC nanosheet materials. The CFS-PEG nanosheets possess a satisfactory photoacoustic (PA) imaging capability with an ultralow detection limit (5 ppm) and simultaneously superior T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance with a large transverse MR relaxivity value (r2) of 347.7 mM-1 s-1. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo assays verify superior anticancer activity with a dramatic photoinduced cancer cell apoptosis and tumor ablation. Therefore, a successful paradigm is provided for rational design and preparation of ultrathin TMC nanosheets in this work, holding enormous potential in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ruizheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Fan Z, Zhu P, Zhu Y, Wu K, Li CY, Cheng H. Engineering long-circulating nanomaterial delivery systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 66:131-139. [PMID: 32795661 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges at the forefront of bionanomaterials is their quick clearance in blood circulation. Progress has been made in understanding nanomaterial-biological system interactions and in developing new strategies to extend the blood circulation time of nanomaterials. Here, we first review interactions between the complement system and nanomaterials as well as clearance pathways in major organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys. We then discuss new approaches to prolong the blood circulation of nanomaterials with a focus on grafting polymers and biomimetic camouflages including cell membrane coating and hybrid vesicles. In the end, we provide insights into the pros and cons of these approaches and our perspectives for advancing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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20
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Soetaert F, Korangath P, Serantes D, Fiering S, Ivkov R. Cancer therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles: Agents of thermal and immune therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 163-164:65-83. [PMID: 32603814 PMCID: PMC7736167 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significant research and preclinical investment in cancer nanomedicine has produced several products, which have improved cancer care. Nevertheless, there exists a perception that cancer nanomedicine 'has not lived up to its promise' because the number of approved products and their clinical performance are modest. Many of these analyses do not consider the long clinical history and many clinical products developed from iron oxide nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles have enjoyed clinical use for about nine decades demonstrating safety, and considerable clinical utility and versatility. FDA-approved applications of iron oxide nanoparticles include cancer diagnosis, cancer hyperthermia therapy, and iron deficiency anemia. For cancer nanomedicine, this wealth of clinical experience is invaluable to provide key lessons and highlight pitfalls in the pursuit of nanotechnology-based cancer therapeutics. We review the clinical experience with systemic liposomal drug delivery and parenteral therapy of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with iron oxide nanoparticles. We note that the clinical success of injectable iron exploits the inherent interaction between nanoparticles and the (innate) immune system, which designers of liposomal drug delivery seek to avoid. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia, a cancer therapy that harnesses magnetic hysteresis heating is approved for treating humans only with iron oxide nanoparticles. Despite its successful demonstration to enhance overall survival in clinical trials, this nanotechnology-based thermal medicine struggles to establish a clinical presence. We review the physical and biological attributes of this approach, and suggest reasons for barriers to its acceptance. Finally, despite the extensive clinical experience with iron oxide nanoparticles new and exciting research points to surprising immune-modulating potential. Recent data demonstrate the interactions between immune cells and iron oxide nanoparticles can induce anti-tumor immune responses. These present new and exciting opportunities to explore additional applications with this venerable technology. Clinical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles present poignant case studies of the opportunities, complexities, and challenges in cancer nanomedicine. They also illustrate the need for revised paradigms and multidisciplinary approaches to develop and translate nanomedicines into clinical cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Soetaert
- Department of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Preethi Korangath
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - David Serantes
- Department of Applied Physics and Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Steven Fiering
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Robert Ivkov
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, USA.
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21
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d'Avanzo N, Celia C, Barone A, Carafa M, Di Marzio L, Santos HA, Fresta M. Immunogenicity of Polyethylene Glycol Based Nanomedicines: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications and Systematic Approach. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa I‐88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Chieti‐Pescara “G. d'Annunzio” Via dei Vestini 31 I‐66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Antonella Barone
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa I‐88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and TechnologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza” 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Chieti‐Pescara “G. d'Annunzio” Via dei Vestini 31 I‐66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of Helsinki FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa I‐88100 Catanzaro Italy
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22
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Hoang Thi TT, Pilkington EH, Nguyen DH, Lee JS, Park KD, Truong NP. The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol) Alternatives for Overcoming PEG Immunogenicity in Drug Delivery and Bioconjugation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E298. [PMID: 32024289 PMCID: PMC7077443 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a gold standard in bioconjugation and nanomedicine to prolong blood circulation time and improve drug efficacy. The conjugation of PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides (DNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA)) and nanoparticles is a well-established technique known as PEGylation, with PEGylated products have been using in clinics for the last few decades. However, it is increasingly recognized that treating patients with PEGylated drugs can lead to the formation of antibodies that specifically recognize and bind to PEG (i.e., anti-PEG antibodies). Anti-PEG antibodies are also found in patients who have never been treated with PEGylated drugs but have consumed products containing PEG. Consequently, treating patients who have acquired anti-PEG antibodies with PEGylated drugs results in accelerated blood clearance, low drug efficacy, hypersensitivity, and, in some cases, life-threatening side effects. In this succinct review, we collate recent literature to draw the attention of polymer chemists to the issue of PEG immunogenicity in drug delivery and bioconjugation, thereby highlighting the importance of developing alternative polymers to replace PEG. Several promising yet imperfect alternatives to PEG are also discussed. To achieve asatisfactory alternative, further joint efforts of polymer chemists and scientists in related fields are urgently needed to design, synthesize and evaluate new alternatives to PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Thanh Hoang Thi
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
| | - Emily H. Pilkington
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Dai Hai Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 TL29 District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Malone Engineering Center 402A, Yale University, 55 Prospect St. New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
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23
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Hannon G, Lysaght J, Liptrott NJ, Prina‐Mello A. Immunotoxicity Considerations for Next Generation Cancer Nanomedicines. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900133. [PMID: 31592123 PMCID: PMC6774033 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although interest and funding in nanotechnology for oncological applications is thriving, translating these novel therapeutics through the earliest stages of preclinical assessment remains challenging. Upon intravenous administration, nanomaterials interact with constituents of the blood inducing a wide range of associated immunotoxic effects. The literature on the immunological interactions of nanomaterials is vast and complicated. A small change in a particular characteristic of a nanomaterial (e.g., size, shape, or charge) can have a significant effect on its immunological profile in vivo, and poor selection of specific assays for establishing these undesirable effects can overlook this issue until the latest stages of preclinical assessment. This work describes the current literature on unintentional immunological effects associated with promising cancer nanomaterials (liposomes, dendrimers, mesoporous silica, iron oxide, gold, and quantum dots) and puts focus on what is missing in current preclinical evaluations. Opportunities for avoiding or limiting immunotoxicity through efficient preclinical assessment are discussed, with an emphasis placed on current regulatory views and requirements. Careful consideration of these issues will ensure a more efficient preclinical assessment of cancer nanomedicines, enabling a smoother clinical translation with less failures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hannon
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging GroupTrinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI)Trinity College DublinDublin 8Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of SurgeryTTMITrinity College DublinDublin 8Ireland
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical PharmacologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe University of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 3GFUK
| | - Adriele Prina‐Mello
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging GroupTrinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI)Trinity College DublinDublin 8Ireland
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM)TTMITrinity College DublinDublin 8Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) CentreCRANN InstituteTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
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24
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Abstract
Targeted liposomes with different combinations of five ligands (for brain/amyloid targeting) were evaluated for hemocompatibility. Results reveal that all liposomes studied, caused minimum hemolysis; targeted liposomes slightly reduced blood coagulation time, but not significantly more than control liposomes; and compliment factors SC5b9 and iC3b increased when compared with the buffer, by most targeted liposomes. However, the specific amounts of both factors were similar with those induced by control liposomes. Thus, the targeted liposomes are unanticipated to cause hypersensitivity problems. Good correlations between vesicle size and produced factor amounts were observed. In conclusion, the current targeted liposomes are not expected to cause serious blood toxicity, if used in vivo.
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25
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Ng CT, Yu LE, Ong CN, Bay BH, Baeg GH. The use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to study immune-nanotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2018; 13:429-446. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1546413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liya E Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gyeong Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Zhao MX, Cai ZC, Zhu BJ, Zhang ZQ. The Apoptosis Effect on Liver Cancer Cells of Gold Nanoparticles Modified with Lithocholic Acid. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:304. [PMID: 30269179 PMCID: PMC6163124 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have widely applied in many fields, due to their good biocompatibility, a long drug half-life, and their bioactivity is related to their size and the modified ligands on their surface. Here, we synthesized the AuNPs capped with ligands that possess polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lithocholic acid (LCA) linked by carboxyl groups (AuNP@MPA-PEG-LCA). Our cytotoxicity results indicated that AuNP@MPA-PEG-LCA have better cell selectivity; in other words, it could inhibit the growth of multiple liver cancer cells more effectively than other cancer cells and normal cells. Apoptosis plays a role in AuNP@MPA-PEG-LCA inhibition cell proliferation, which was convincingly proved by some apoptotic index experiments, such as nuclear staining, annexin V-FITC, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis, and AO/EB staining experiments. The most potent AuNP@MPA-PEG-LCA were confirmed to efficiently induce apoptosis through a reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediating mitochondrial dysfunction. And AuNP@MPA-PEG-LCA could be more effective in promoting programmed cell death of liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Zhong-Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Bing-Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
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