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Tanaka T. Recent Advances in Polymers Bearing Activated Esters for the Synthesis of Glycopolymers by Postpolymerization Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1100. [PMID: 38675019 PMCID: PMC11053895 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycopolymers are functional polymers with saccharide moieties on their side chains and are attractive candidates for biomaterials. Postpolymerization modification can be employed for the synthesis of glycopolymers. Activated esters are useful in various fields, including polymer chemistry and biochemistry, because of their high reactivity and ease of reaction. In particular, the formation of amide bonds caused by the reaction of activated esters with amino groups is of high synthetic chemical value owing to its high selectivity. It has been employed in the synthesis of various functional polymers, including glycopolymers. This paper reviews the recent advances in polymers bearing activated esters for the synthesis of glycopolymers by postpolymerization modification. The development of polymers bearing hydrophobic and hydrophilic activated esters is described. Although water-soluble activated esters are generally unstable and hydrolyzed in water, novel polymer backbones bearing water-soluble activated esters are stable and useful for postpolymerization modification for synthesizing glycopolymers in water. Dual postpolymerization modification can be employed to modify polymer side chains using two different molecules. Thiolactone and glycine propargyl esters on the polymer backbone are described as activated esters for dual postpolymerization modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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2
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Mohammad SA, Toragall VB, Fortenberry A, Shofolawe-Bakare O, Sulochana S, Heath K, Owolabi I, Tassin G, Flynt AS, Smith AE, Werfel T. Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) as a Versatile Strategy for Drug Conjugation and Stimuli-Responsive Release. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2621-2634. [PMID: 38457653 PMCID: PMC11194783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Postpolymerization modification of highly defined "scaffold" polymers is a promising approach for overcoming the existing limitations of controlled radical polymerization such as batch-to-batch inconsistencies, accessibility to different monomers, and compatibility with harsh synthesis conditions. Using multiple physicochemical characterization techniques, we demonstrate that poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) scaffolds can be efficiently modified with a coumarin derivative, doxorubicin, and camptothecin small molecule drugs. Subsequently, we show that coumarin-modified PVDMA has a high cellular biocompatibility and that coumarin derivatives are liberated from the polymer in the intracellular environment for cytosolic accumulation. In addition, we report the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy of a PVDMA-based polymer for the first time, demonstrating unique accumulation patterns based on the administration route (i.e., intravenous vs oral), efficient tumor uptake, and tumor growth inhibition in 4T1 orthotopic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts. This work establishes the utility of PVDMA as a versatile chemical platform for producing polymer-drug conjugates with a tunable, stimuli-responsive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Veeresh B. Toragall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | | | - Suresh Sulochana
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Katie Heath
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Iyanuoluwani Owolabi
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Garrett Tassin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Alex S. Flynt
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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Fortenberry A, Mohammad SA, Werfel TA, Smith AE. Comparative Investigation of the Hydrolysis of Charge-Shifting Polymers Derived from an Azlactone-Based Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200420. [PMID: 35820157 PMCID: PMC9780167 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (PVDMA) has received much attention as a "reactive platform" to prepare charge-shifting polycations via post-polymerization modification with tertiary amines that possess primary amine or hydroxyl reactive handles. Upon hydrolysis of the resulting amide or ester linkages, the polymers can undergo a gradual transition in net charge from cationic to anionic. Herein, a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis rate of PVDMA-derived charge-shifting polymers is described. PVDMA is modified with tertiary amines bearing either primary amine, hydroxyl, or thiol reactive handles. The resulting polymers possess tertiary amine side chains connected to the backbone via amide, ester, or thioester linkages. The hydrolysis rates of each PVDMA derivative are monitored at 25 and 50 °C at pH values of 5.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. While the hydrolysis rate of the amide-functionalized PVDMA is negligible over the period investigated, the hydrolysis rates of the ester- and thioester-functionalized PVDMA increase with increasing temperature and pH. Interestingly, the hydrolysis rate of the thioester-functionalized PVDMA appears to be more rapid than the ester-functionalized PVDMA at all pH values and temperatures investigated. It is believed that these results can be utilized to inform the future preparation of PVDMA-based charge-shifting polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Thomas A. Werfel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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4
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Saxer S, Erdogan O, Paniagua C, Chavanieu A, Garric X, Darcos V. Protein‐Polymer Bioconjugates Prepared by Post‐Polymerization Modification of Alternating Copolymers. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Saxer
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Omer Erdogan
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier 34293 France
| | | | | | - Xavier Garric
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Vincent Darcos
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier 34293 France
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5
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El Tokhy SS, Elgizawy SA, Osman MA, Goda AE, Unsworth LD. Tailoring dexamethasone loaded albumin nanoparticles: A full factorial design with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity In vivo. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Patil PJ, Sutar SS, Usman M, Patil DN, Dhanavade MJ, Shehzad Q, Mehmood A, Shah H, Teng C, Zhang C, Li X. Exploring bioactive peptides as potential therapeutic and biotechnology treasures: A contemporary perspective. Life Sci 2022; 301:120637. [PMID: 35568229 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In preceding years, bioactive peptides (BAPs) have piqued escalating attention owing to their multitudinous biological features. To date, many potential BAPs exhibiting anti-cancer activities have been documented; yet, obstacles such as their safety profiles and consumer acceptance continue to exist. Moreover, BAPs have been discovered to facilitate the suppression of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CoVID-19) and maybe ideal for treating the CoVID-19 infection, as stated by published experimental findings, but their widespread knowledge is scarce. Likewise, there is a cornucopia of BAPs possessing neuroprotective effects that mend neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) by regulating gut microbiota, but they remain a subject of research interest. Additionally, a plethora of researchers have attempted next-generation approaches based on BAPs, but they need scientific attention. The text format of this critical review is organized around an overview of BAPs' versatility and diverse bio functionalities with emphasis on recent developments and novelties. The review is alienated into independent sections, which are related to either BAPs based disease management strategies or next-generation BAPs based approaches. BAPs based anti-cancer, anti-CoVID-19, and neuroprotective strategies have been explored, which may offer insights that could help the researchers and industries to find an alternate regimen against the three aforementioned fatal diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that has systematically discussed the next-generation approaches in BAP research. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the BAPs may be optimal for the management of cancer, CoVID-19, and NDs; nevertheless, experimental and preclinical studies are crucial to validate their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna J Patil
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shubham S Sutar
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Devashree N Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Maruti J Dhanavade
- Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya, Sangli, Maharashtra 416416, India
| | - Qayyum Shehzad
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Haroon Shah
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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7
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Ventouri IK, Loeber S, Somsen GW, Schoenmakers PJ, Astefanei A. Field-flow fractionation for molecular-interaction studies of labile and complex systems: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Ho HT, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L, Gigmes D, Phan TNT. Well-defined amine-reactive polymethacrylates through organocatalyzed controlled radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00873d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel alkyl iodide bearing an azlactone group was successfully employed as a reversible complex-mediated polymerization (RCMP) initiator for synthesizing for the first-time well-defined α-azlactone-terminated polymethacrylates (Đ < 1.30). The amine-scavenging ability of the resulting functional polymers was demonstrated by using benzylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien The Ho
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS– Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS– Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS– Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Trang N. T. Phan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, Marseille, France
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9
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Della Sala F, Fabozzi A, di Gennaro M, Nuzzo S, Makvandi P, Solimando N, Pagliuca M, Borzacchiello A. Advances in Hyaluronic-Acid-Based (Nano)Devices for Cancer Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100304. [PMID: 34657388 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the main cause of fatality all over the world with a considerable growth rate. Many biologically active nanoplatforms are exploited for tumor treatment. Of nanodevices, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based systems have shown to be promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their high biocompatibility and cell internalization. Herein, surface functionalization of different nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., organic- and inorganic-based NPs, is highlighted. Subsequently, HA-based nanostructures and their applications in cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Della Sala
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Mario di Gennaro
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Stefano Nuzzo
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Nicola Solimando
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pagliuca
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
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10
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Singh P, Ullah Mirza A, Ahmad Bhat S, Kareem A, Nishat N. Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Thermal, Adsorption and Antioxidant Studies of Amino Functionalized Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Titanium dioxide Nanocomposites. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Kiran P, Khan A, Neekhra S, Pallod S, Srivastava R. Nanohybrids as Protein-Polymer Conjugate Multimodal Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:676025. [PMID: 35047929 PMCID: PMC8757875 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.676025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic formulations are being widely explored as multifunctional nanotherapeutics. Challenges in ensuring susceptibility and efficacy of nanoformulation still prevail owing to various interactions with biological fluids before reaching the target site. Smart polymers with the capability of masking drugs, ease of chemical modification, and multi-stimuli responsiveness can assist controlled delivery. An active moiety like therapeutic protein has started to be known as an important biological formulation with a diverse medicinal prospect. The delivery of proteins and peptides with high target specificity has however been tedious, due to their tendency to aggregate formation in different environmental conditions. Proteins due to high chemical reactivity and poor bioavailability are being researched widely in the field of nanomedicine. Clinically, multiple nano-based formulations have been explored for delivering protein with different carrier systems. A biocompatible and non-toxic polymer-based delivery system serves to tailor the polymer or drug better. Polymers not only aid delivery to the target site but are also responsible for proper stearic orientation of proteins thus protecting them from internal hindrances. Polymers have been shown to conjugate with proteins through covalent linkage rendering stability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy prominently when dealing with the systemic route. Here, we present the recent developments in polymer-protein/drug-linked systems. We aim to address questions by assessing the properties of the conjugate system and optimized delivery approaches. Since thorough characterization is the key aspect for technology to enter into the market, correlating laboratory research with commercially available formulations will also be presented in this review. By examining characteristics including morphology, surface properties, and functionalization, we will expand different hybrid applications from a biomaterial stance applied in in vivo complex biological conditions. Further, we explore understanding related to design criteria and strategies for polymer-protein smart nanomedicines with their potential prophylactic theranostic applications. Overall, we intend to highlight protein-drug delivery through multifunctional smart polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suditi Neekhra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Pallod
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Burridge KM, Parnell RF, Kearns MM, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Two-distinct polymer ubiquitin conjugates by photochemical grafting-from. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021; 222:2100091. [PMID: 34421281 PMCID: PMC8376180 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer bioconjugates present a way to make enzymes more efficient and robust for industrial and medicinal applications. While much work has focused on mono-functional conjugates, i.e. conjugates with one type of polymer attached such as poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), there is a practical interest in gaining additional functionality by synthesizing well-defined bifunctional conjugates in a hetero-arm star copolymer architecture with protein as the core. Using ubiquitin as a model protein, a synthetic scheme was developed to attach two different polymers (OEOMA and DMAm) directly to the protein surface, using orthogonal conjugation chemistries and grafting-from by photochemical living radical polymerization techniques. The additional complexity arising from attempts to selectively modify multiple sites led to decreased polymerization performance and indicates that ICAR-ATRP and RAFT are not well-suited to bifunctional bioconjugates applications. Nonetheless, the polymerization conditions preserve the native fold of the ubiquitin and enable production of a hetero-arm star protein-polymer bioconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Burridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Ryan F. Parnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Madison M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Richard C. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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13
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Stevens CA, Kaur K, Klok HA. Self-assembly of protein-polymer conjugates for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:447-460. [PMID: 33984408 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are a class of molecules that combine the stability of polymers with the diversity, specificity, and functionality of biomolecules. These bioconjugates can result in hybrid materials that display properties not found in their individual components and can be particularly relevant for drug delivery applications. Engineering amphiphilicity into these bioconjugate materials can lead to phase separation and the assembly of high-order structures. The assembly, termed self-assembly, of these hierarchical structures entails multiple levels of organization: at each level, new properties emerge, which are, in turn, influenced by lower levels. Here, we provide a critical review of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly and how these materials can be used for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. In addition, we discuss central bioconjugate design questions and propose future perspectives for the field of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Stevens
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Theodorou A, Mandriotis P, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Oxygen tolerant, photoinduced controlled radical polymerization approach for the synthesis of giant amphiphiles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
New families of amphiphilic protein–polymer bioconjugates readily synthesized via an oxygen tolerant, photoinduced RDRP approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Crete
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Petros Mandriotis
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Crete
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Kelly Velonia
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Crete
- 70013 Heraklion
- Greece
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15
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François F, Nicolas C, Forcher G, Fontaine L, Montembault V. Poly(norbornenyl azlactone) as a versatile platform for sequential double click postpolymerization modification. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Rani S, Bagchi D, Pal U, Kumari M, Sharma M, Bera A, Shabir J, Pal SK, Saha-Dasgupta T, Mozumdar S. The Role of Imidazolium-Based Surface-Active Ionic Liquid to Restrain the Excited-State Intramolecular H-Atom Transfer Dynamics of Medicinal Pigment Curcumin: A Theoretical and Experimental Approach. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25582-25592. [PMID: 33073084 PMCID: PMC7557247 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring polyphenolic compound curcumin has shown various medicinal and therapeutic effects. However, there are various challenges associated with curcumin, which limits its biomedical applications, such as its high degradation rate and low aqueous solubility at neutral and alkaline pH. In the present study, efforts have been directed towards trying to resolve such issues by encapsulating curcumin inside the micelles formed by imidazolium-based surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL). The shape and size of the micelles formed by the SAIL have been characterized by using DLS analysis as well as TEM measurements. The photo-physics of curcumin in the presence of ionic liquid (IL) and also with the addition of salt (NaCl) has been explored by using different optical spectroscopic tools. The time-dependent absorption studies have shown that there is relatively higher suppression in the degradation rate of curcumin after encapsulation by the imidazolium-based SAIL in an aqueous medium. The TCSPC studies have revealed that there is deactivation in the nonradiative intramolecular hydrogen transfer process of curcumin in the presence of IL micelles as well as with the addition of salt. Furthermore, the time-dependent fluorescence anisotropy measurement has been carried out to figure out the location of curcumin inside the micellar system. In order to correlate all experimental findings, density functional theory (DFT) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at neutral pH media have been performed. It has been found that the van der Waals force of interactions plays a major role in the stabilization of curcumin in the micelles rather than the coulombic forces. It also has been observed that the van der Waals interactions remain unaffected in the presence of salt. However, as revealed by the MD simulation results, the micelles are found to be more compact in size after the addition of salt. The RMSD results show that the micelles formed by the SAIL achieve greater stability after a particular time constraint. Our results have divulged that the SAIL could act as a promising drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Damayanti Bagchi
- Department
of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Uttam Pal
- Technical
Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre
for Basic Sciences, Block
JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Mamta Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department
of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Javaid Shabir
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department
of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Subho Mozumdar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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17
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Fitzgerald ER, Mineo AM, Pryor ML, Buck ME. Photomediated post-fabrication modification of azlactone-functionalized gels for the development of hydrogel actuators. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6044-6049. [PMID: 32638814 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach for the photomediated post-fabrication modification of reactive, azlactone-containing gels using light-initiated deprotection of amines caged with 2-(nitrophenyl)propyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC). Photomediated modification of these gels can be used to generate a gradient in chemical functionality. When functionalized with tertiary amine groups, these gradient gels exhibit rapid and reversible shape deformations in response to changes in pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Autumn M Mineo
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Mae L Pryor
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
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18
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Functionalization of Polymers and Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Antimicrobial Platforms and Drug Carriers. PROSTHESIS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis2020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymers and nanomaterials has vastly grown for industrial and biomedical sectors during last years. Before any designation or selection of polymers and their nanocomposites, it is vital to recognize the targeted applications which require these platforms to be modified. Surface functionalization to introduce the desired type and quantity of reactive functional groups to target a cell or tissue in human body is a pivotal approach to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of these materials. Herein, advances in the functionalized polymer and nanomaterials surfaces are highlighted along with their applications in biomedical fields, e.g., antimicrobial therapy and drug delivery.
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19
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20
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Theodorou A, Liarou E, Haddleton DM, Stavrakaki IG, Skordalidis P, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Protein-polymer bioconjugates via a versatile oxygen tolerant photoinduced controlled radical polymerization approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1486. [PMID: 32198365 PMCID: PMC7083936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense application potential of amphiphilic protein-polymer conjugates remains largely unexplored, as established "grafting from" synthetic protocols involve time-consuming, harsh and disruptive deoxygenation methods, while "grafting to" approaches result in low yields. Here we report an oxygen tolerant, photoinduced CRP approach which readily affords quantitative yields of protein-polymer conjugates within 2 h, avoiding damage to the secondary structure of the protein and providing easily accessible means to produce biomacromolecular assemblies. Importantly, our methodology is compatible with multiple proteins (e.g. BSA, HSA, GOx, beta-galactosidase) and monomer classes including acrylates, methacrylates, styrenics and acrylamides. The polymerizations are conveniently conducted in plastic syringes and in the absence of any additives or external deoxygenation procedures using low-organic content media and ppm levels of copper. The robustness of the protocol is further exemplified by its implementation under UV, blue light or even sunlight irradiation as well as in buffer, nanopure, tap or even sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Iren Georgia Stavrakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skordalidis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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21
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Tsao KK, Lee AC, Racine KÉ, Keillor JW. Site-Specific Fluorogenic Protein Labelling Agent for Bioconjugation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030369. [PMID: 32121143 PMCID: PMC7175205 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinically relevant therapeutic agents are formed from the conjugation of small molecules to biomolecules through conjugating linkers. In this study, two novel conjugating linkers were prepared, comprising a central coumarin core, functionalized with a dimaleimide moiety at one end and a terminal alkyne at the other. In our first design, we developed a protein labelling method that site-specifically introduces an alkyne functional group to a dicysteine target peptide tag that was genetically fused to a protein of interest. This method allows for the subsequent attachment of azide-functionalized cargo in the facile synthesis of novel protein-cargo conjugates. However, the fluorogenic aspect of the reaction between the linker and the target peptide was less than we desired. To address this shortcoming, a second linker reagent was prepared. This new design also allowed for the site-specific introduction of an alkyne functional group onto the target peptide, but in a highly fluorogenic and rapid manner. The site-specific addition of an alkyne group to a protein of interest was thus monitored in situ by fluorescence increase, prior to the attachment of azide-functionalized cargo. Finally, we also demonstrated that the cargo can also be attached first, in an azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction, prior to fluorogenic conjugation with the target peptide-fused protein.
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22
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Baker SL, Kaupbayeva B, Lathwal S, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Biorelated Hybrid Materials. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4272-4298. [PMID: 31738532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipid vesicles, and carbohydrates are the major classes of biomacromolecules that function to sustain life. Biology also uses post-translation modification to increase the diversity and functionality of these materials, which has inspired attaching various other types of polymers to biomacromolecules. These polymers can be naturally (carbohydrates and biomimetic polymers) or synthetically derived and have unique properties with tunable architectures. Polymers are either grafted-to or grown-from the biomacromolecule's surface, and characteristics including polymer molar mass, grafting density, and degree of branching can be controlled by changing reaction stoichiometries. The resultant conjugated products display a chimerism of properties such as polymer-induced enhancement in stability with maintained bioactivity, and while polymers are most often conjugated to proteins, they are starting to be attached to nucleic acids and lipid membranes (cells) as well. The fundamental studies with protein-polymer conjugates have improved our synthetic approaches, characterization techniques, and understanding of structure-function relationships that will lay the groundwork for creating new conjugated biomacromolecular products which could lead to breakthroughs in genetic and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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