1
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Le HP, Hassan K, Ramezanpour M, Campbell JA, Tung TT, Vreugde S, Losic D. Development of novel iron(III) crosslinked bioinks comprising carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and hyaluronic acid for soft tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6627-6642. [PMID: 38752707 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers a feasible approach to construct complex structures for soft tissue regeneration. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been emerging as a very promising biomaterial for 3D bioprinting. However, due to the inability to maintain the post-printed stability, CMC needs to be physically blended and/or chemically crosslinked with other polymers. In this context, this study presents the combination of CMC with xanthan gum (XG) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to formulate a multicomponent bioink, leveraging the printability of CMC and XG, as well as the cellular support properties of HA. The ionic crosslinking of printed constructs with iron(III) via the metal-ion coordination between ferric cations and carboxylate groups of the three polymers was introduced to induce improved mechanical strength and long-term stability. Moreover, immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) encapsulated within iron-crosslinked printed hydrogels exhibited excellent cell viability (more than 95%) and preserved morphology. Overall, the presented study highlights that the combination of these three biopolymers and the ionic crosslinking with ferric ions is a valuable strategy to be considered for the development of new and advanced hydrogel-based bioinks for soft tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien-Phuong Le
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Kamrul Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - Jonathan A Campbell
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5041, Australia
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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2
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Tamo AK. Nanocellulose-based hydrogels as versatile materials with interesting functional properties for tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38805188 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as a remarkable field aiming to restore or replace damaged tissues through the use of biomimetic constructs. Among the diverse materials investigated for this purpose, nanocellulose-based hydrogels have garnered attention due to their intriguing biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and sustainability. Over the past few years, numerous research works have been published focusing on the successful use of nanocellulose-based hydrogels as artificial extracellular matrices for regenerating various types of tissues. The review emphasizes the importance of tissue engineering, highlighting hydrogels as biomimetic scaffolds, and specifically focuses on the role of nanocellulose in composites that mimic the structures, properties, and functions of the native extracellular matrix for regenerating damaged tissues. It also summarizes the types of nanocellulose, as well as their structural, mechanical, and biological properties, and their contributions to enhancing the properties and characteristics of functional hydrogels for tissue engineering of skin, bone, cartilage, heart, nerves and blood vessels. Additionally, recent advancements in the application of nanocellulose-based hydrogels for tissue engineering have been evaluated and documented. The review also addresses the challenges encountered in their fabrication while exploring the potential future prospects of these hydrogel matrices for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Kamdem Tamo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France
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3
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Haider MS, Mahato AK, Kotliarova A, Forster S, Böttcher B, Stahlhut P, Sidorova Y, Luxenhofer R. Biological Activity In Vitro, Absorption, BBB Penetration, and Tolerability of Nanoformulation of BT44:RET Agonist with Disease-Modifying Potential for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4348-4365. [PMID: 36219820 PMCID: PMC10565809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BT44 is a novel, second-generation glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor mimetic with improved biological activity and is a lead compound for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Like many other small molecules, it suffers from intrinsic poor aqueous solubility, posing significant hurdles at various levels for its preclinical development and clinical translation. Herein, we report a poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx)-based BT44 micellar nanoformulation with an ultrahigh drug-loading capacity of 47 wt %. The BT44 nanoformulation was comprehensively characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryo-transmission/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TEM/SEM). The DSC, XRD, and redispersion studies collectively confirmed that the BT44 formulation can be stored as a lyophilized powder and can be redispersed upon need. The DLS suggested that the redispersed formulation is suitable for parenteral administration (Dh ≈ 70 nm). The cryo-TEM measurements showed the presence of wormlike structures in both the plain polymer and the BT44 formulation. The BT44 formulation retained biological activity in immortalized cells and in cultured dopamine neurons. The micellar nanoformulation of BT44 exhibited improved absorption (after subcutaneous injection) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and no acute toxic effects in mice were observed. In conclusion, herein, we have developed an ultrahigh BT44-loaded aqueous injectable nanoformulation, which can be used to pave the way for its preclinical and clinical development for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Salman Haider
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070Würzburg, Germany
- University
Hospital of Würzburg, Department of Ophthalmology, Josef-Schneider-Street 11, D-97080Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasiia Kotliarova
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Forster
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Biocenter
and Rudolf Virchow Centre, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Haus
D15, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department
of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional
Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yulia Sidorova
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070Würzburg, Germany
- Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Helsinki Institute
of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PB 55-00014Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Lameirinhas NS, Teixeira MC, Carvalho JPF, Valente BFA, Pinto RJB, Oliveira H, Luís JL, Pires L, Oliveira JM, Vilela C, Freire CSR. Nanofibrillated cellulose/gellan gum hydrogel-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting of skin cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:849-860. [PMID: 36572084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of suitable bioinks is an important research topic in the field of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Herein, novel hydrogel-based bioinks composed of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and gellan gum (GG) in different NFC/GG mass proportions (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40) were developed and characterized. The increase in the content of GG, as well as its combination with NFC, enhanced their rheological properties, increasing both storage (G') and loss (G") moduli and the G' recovery capacity of the hydrogels (from 70.05 ± 3.06 % (90:10) to 82.63 ± 1.21 % (60:40)), as well as their mechanical properties, increasing the compressive stiffness and stress from 114.02 ± 10.93 Pa (90:10) to 337.16 ± 34.03 Pa (60:40) and from 18.27 ± 1.32 kPa (90:10) to 47.17 ± 3.59 kPa (60:40), respectively. The hydrogels were non-cytotoxic against human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), with cell viabilities above 70 % for up to 72 h. The hydrogel 60:40 was loaded with HaCaT cells (3 × 106 cells mL-1) and bioprinted. The cell viability was maintained elevated until day 7 (90 ± 3 %) after bioprinting. These results highlight that the combination of these two biopolymers was a good strategy for the development of novel hydrogel-based bioinks for extrusion 3D bioprinting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Lameirinhas
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria C Teixeira
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P F Carvalho
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno F A Valente
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J B Pinto
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- CESAM Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge L Luís
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, ESAN, Portugal
| | - Liliana Pires
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, ESAN, Portugal
| | - José M Oliveira
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, ESAN, Portugal
| | - Carla Vilela
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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5
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Liu S, Kilian D, Ahlfeld T, Hu Q, Gelinsky M. Egg white improves the biological properties of an alginate-methylcellulose bioink for 3D bioprinting of volumetric bone constructs. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36735961 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb8dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional microextrusion bioprinting has attracted great interest for fabrication of hierarchically structured, functional tissue substitutes with spatially defined cell distribution. Despite considerable progress, several significant limitations remain such as a lack of suitable bioinks which combine favorable cell response with high shape fidelity. Therefore, in this work a novel bioink of alginate-methylcellulose (AlgMC) blend functionalized with egg white (EW) was developed with the aim of solving this limitation. In this regard, a stepwise strategy was proposed to improve and examine the cell response in low-viscosity alginate inks (3%, w/v) with different EW concentrations, and in high-viscosity inks after gradual methylcellulose addition for enhancing printability. The rheological properties and printability of these cell-responsive bioinks were characterized to obtain an optimized formulation eliciting balanced physicochemical and biological properties for fabrication of volumetric scaffolds. The bioprinted AlgMC + EW constructs exhibited excellent shape fidelity while encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells showed high post-printing viability as well as adhesion and spreading within the matrix. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the impact of these EW-mediated effects on osteogenesis of bioprinted primary human pre-osteoblasts (hOB) was evaluated. Results confirmed a high viability of hOB (93.7 ± 0.15%) post-fabrication in an EW-supported AlgMC bioink allowing cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. EW even promoted the expression of osteogenic genes, coding for bone sialoprotein (integrin binding sialoprotein/bone sialoprotein precursor (IBSP)) and osteocalcin (BGLAP) on mRNA level. To demonstrate the suitability of the novel ink for future fabrication of multi-zonal bone substitutes, AlgMC + EW was successfully co-printed together with a pasty calcium phosphate bone cement biomaterial ink to achieve a partly mineralized 3D volumetric environment with good cell viability and spreading. Along with the EW-mediated positive effects within bioprinted AlgMC-based scaffolds, this highlighted the promising potential of this novel ink for biofabrication of bone tissue substitutes in clinically relevant dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suihong Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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6
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Zhang C, Wang G, Lin H, Shang Y, Liu N, Zhen Y, An Y. Cartilage 3D bioprinting for rhinoplasty using adipose-derived stem cells as seed cells: Review and recent advances. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13417. [PMID: 36775884 PMCID: PMC10068946 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal deformities due to various causes affect the aesthetics and use of the nose, in which case rhinoplasty is necessary. However, the lack of cartilage for grafting has been a major problem and tissue engineering seems to be a promising solution. 3D bioprinting has become one of the most advanced tissue engineering methods. To construct ideal cartilage, bio-ink, seed cells, growth factors and other methods to promote chondrogenesis should be considered and weighed carefully. With continuous progress in the field, bio-ink choices are becoming increasingly abundant, from a single hydrogel to a combination of hydrogels with various characteristics, and more 3D bioprinting methods are also emerging. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have become one of the most popular seed cells in cartilage 3D bioprinting, owing to their abundance, excellent proliferative potential, minimal morbidity during harvest and lack of ethical considerations limitations. In addition, the co-culture of ADSCs and chondrocytes is commonly used to achieve better chondrogenesis. To promote chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs and construct ideal highly bionic tissue-engineered cartilage, researchers have used a variety of methods, including adding appropriate growth factors, applying biomechanical stimuli and reducing oxygen tension. According to the process and sequence of cartilage 3D bioprinting, this review summarizes and discusses the selection of hydrogel and seed cells (centered on ADSCs), the design of printing, and methods for inducing the chondrogenesis of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhuier Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Qiu F, Fan X, Chen W, Xu C, Li Y, Xie R. Recent Progress in Hydrogel-Based Synthetic Cartilage: Focus on Lubrication and Load-Bearing Capacities. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020144. [PMID: 36826314 PMCID: PMC9957070 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC), which covers the ends of bones in joints, particularly the knee joints, provides a robust interface to maintain frictionless movement during daily life due to its remarkable lubricating and load-bearing capacities. However, osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by the progressive degradation of AC, compromises the properties of AC and thus leads to frayed and rough interfaces between the bones, which subsequently accelerates the progression of OA. Hydrogels, composed of highly hydrated and interconnected polymer chains, are potential candidates for AC replacement due to their physical and chemical properties being similar to those of AC. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of hydrogel-based synthetic cartilage, or cartilage-like hydrogels, with a particular focus on their lubrication and load-bearing properties. The different formulations, current limitations, and challenges of such hydrogels are also discussed. Moreover, we discuss the future directions of hydrogel-based synthetic cartilage to repair and even regenerate the damaged AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bio-Fabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bio-Fabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bio-Fabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bio-Fabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.X.)
| | - Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bio-Fabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.X.)
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8
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Cadamuro F, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D printed tissue models: From hydrogels to biomedical applications. J Control Release 2023; 354:726-745. [PMID: 36682728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new advanced constructs resembling structural and functional properties of human organs and tissues requires a deep knowledge of the morphological and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrices (ECM), and the capacity to reproduce them. Manufacturing technologies like 3D printing and bioprinting represent valuable tools for this purpose. This review will describe how morphological and biochemical properties of ECM change in different tissues, organs, healthy and pathological states, and how ECM mimics with the required properties can be generated by 3D printing and bioprinting. The review describes and classifies the polymeric materials of natural and synthetic origin exploited to generate the hydrogels acting as "inks" in the 3D printing process, with particular emphasis on their functionalization allowing crosslinking and conjugation with signaling molecules to develop bio-responsive and bio-instructive ECM mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cadamuro
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland.
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9
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Peng L, Matellan C, Bosch-Fortea M, Gonzalez-Molina J, Frigerio M, Salentinig S, Del Rio Hernandez A, Gautrot JE. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Sense the Toughness of Nanomaterials and Interfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203297. [PMID: 36717365 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are known to sense and respond to the mechanical properties of biomaterials. In turn, cells exert forces on their environment that can lead to striking changes in shape, size and contraction of associated tissues, and may result in mechanical disruption and functional failure. However, no study has so far correlated stem cell phenotype and biomaterials toughness. Indeed, disentangling toughness-mediated cell response from other mechanosensing processes has remained elusive as it is particularly challenging to uncouple Youngs' or shear moduli from toughness, within a range relevant to cell-generated forces. In this report, it is shown how the design of the macromolecular architecture of polymer nanosheets regulates interfacial toughness, independently of interfacial shear storage modulus, and how this controls the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells at liquid interfaces. The viscoelasticity and toughness of poly(l-lysine) nanosheets assembled at liquid-liquid interfaces is characterised via interfacial shear rheology. The local (microscale) mechanics of nanosheets are characterised via magnetic tweezer-assisted interfacial microrheology and the thickness of these assemblies is determined from in situ ellipsometry. Finally, the response of mesenchymal stem cells to adhesion and culture at corresponding interfaces is investigated via immunostaining and confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Peng
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Carlos Matellan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Minerva Bosch-Fortea
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matteo Frigerio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Armando Del Rio Hernandez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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10
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11
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Sharma S, Mandhani A, Basu B. Contact-Active Layer-by-Layer Grafted TPU/PDMS Blends as an Antiencrustation and Antibacterial Platform for Next-Generation Urological Biomaterials: Validation in Artificial and Human Urine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4497-4523. [PMID: 36094424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections and urinary encrustation impede the long-term clinical performance of urological implants and medical devices. Together, biofilm formation and encrustation constitute serious complications, driving the development of next-generation urological biomaterials. The currently available bioengineered solutions have limited success during long-term usage in the urinary environment. In addressing this unmet clinical challenge, contact-active, antiencrustation surface grafting were conceived onto a dynamically cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modified thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly route. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the LbL grafting in developing an antiencrustation platform. These multilayered assemblies strategically employed covalent cross-linking and electrostatic interaction-assisted progressive depositions of branched polyethyleneimine and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). While polyethyleneimine conferred the contact-killing bactericidal activity, the much-coveted antiencrustation properties were rendered by incorporating a partially hydrolyzed derivative of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). The performance of the resultant surface-modified TPU/PDMS blends was benchmarked against the conventional urological alloplasts, in a customized lab-scale bioreactor-based dynamic encrustation study and in human urine. After 6 weeks of exposure to an artificial urine medium, simulating urease-positive bacterial infection, the surface-modified blends exhibited a remarkable ability to suppress Ca and Mg encrustation. In addition, these blends also displayed superior grafting stability and antibacterial efficacy against common uropathogens. As high as 4-fold log reduction in the planktonic growth of Gram-negative P. mirabilis and Gram-positive MRSA was recorded with the LbL platform vis-à-vis medical-grade TPU. In conjunction, the in vitro cellular assessment with human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) established the uncompromised cytocompatibility of the multilayered grafted blends. Finally, the physiologically relevant functionality of the LbL grafting has been validated using clinical samples of human urine collected from 129 patients with a broad spectrum of disease conditions. The phase-I pre-clinical study, entailing 6 week-long incubation in human urine, demonstrated significantly improved encrustation resistance of the blends. The collective findings of the present work clearly establish the success of LbL strategies in the development of stable, multifunctional new-generation urological biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anil Mandhani
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram 122002, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Fallahi H, Daemi H, Bagheri F, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. A supramolecular injectable hydrogel based on β-cyclodextrin-grafted alginate and pluronic-amine loaded with kartogenin for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35995044 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8bbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the similarity of hydrogels to cartilage ECM, they have been extensively utilized in the chondral lesions. Moreover, their tunable administration properties are desirable for reducing injuries in lesion sites. Generally, injectable hydrogels are mechanically weak, requiring some modifications for being used as a cell carrier in place of articular cartilage. In this study, a combination of β-cyclodextrin-grafted alginate (Alg-β-CD) and pluronic-amine (PA) with multiple physical crosslinking was used for the first time. Supramolecular interactions, including electrostatic forces, host-guest interaction, and hydrophobic interaction with increasing temperature maintain injectability of hydrogels while these interactions boost mechanical properties to the extent that shear modulus surpassed 40 kPa. Vacant β-CD cavities in conjunction with gel network was exploited for kartogenin (KGN) loading. All groups had gel time of less than one minute and gel temperature was 28 ℃. No toxic effect of hydrogels on encapsulated cells was observed. While the optimum combination of polymers provided a sustainable release for KGN, it also extended the in vitro degradation time of hydrogels from 6 days to 2 weeks. KGN facilitated encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation towards chondrocytes. Taken together, the synthesized hydrogel proved to be a promising candidate for being utilized in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Fallahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, jalale al ahmad, Tehran, 0098, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hamed Daemi
- Cell Enginerring, Royan institute, Banihashem street, Tehran, 0098, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jallale al ahmad, Tehran, 0098, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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13
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Cai Y, Chang SY, Gan SW, Ma S, Lu WF, Yen CC. Nanocomposite bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:45-69. [PMID: 35970479 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an advanced technology to fabricate artificial 3D tissue constructs containing cells and hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanocomposite reinforcement endows hydrogels with superior properties and tailored functionalities. A broad range of nanomaterials, including silicon-based, ceramic-based, cellulose-based, metal-based, and carbon-based nanomaterials, have been incorporated into hydrogel networks with encapsulated cells for improved performances. This review emphasizes the recent developments of cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks for 3D bioprinting, focusing on their reinforcement effects and mechanisms, including viscosity, shear-thinning property, printability, mechanical properties, structural integrity, and biocompatibility. The cell-material interactions are discussed to elaborate on the underlying mechanisms between the cells and the nanomaterials. The biomedical applications of cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks are summarized with a focus on bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Finally, the limitations and challenges of current cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks are identified. The prospects are concluded in designing multi-component bioinks with multi-functionality for various biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D bioprinting, an emerging technology of additive manufacturing, has been one of the most innovative tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent developments of cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks for 3D bioprinting, and cell-materials interactions are the subject of this review paper. The reinforcement effects and mechanisms of nanocomposites on viscosity, printability and biocompatibility of bioinks and 3D printed scaffolds are addressed mainly for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. It provides detailed information for further designing and optimizing multi-component bioinks with multi-functionality for specialized biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Cai
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soon Yee Chang
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soo Wah Gan
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sha Ma
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wen Feng Lu
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Ching-Chiuan Yen
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117356, Singapore.
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14
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Hu Q, Lu R, Liu S, Liu Y, Gu Y, Zhang H. 3D printing GelMA/PVA interpenetrating polymer networks scaffolds mediated with CuO nanoparticles for angiogenesis. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200208. [PMID: 35904133 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible hydrogels have been considered one of the most well-known and promising in the various materials used in the fabrication of tissue-engineering scaffolds. Although considerable progress has been made in recent decades, many limitations remain, such as poor mechanical and degradation properties of biomaterials. In addition, vascularization of tissue-engineering scaffold is enduring challenge, which limited the fabrication and application of scaffold with clinically relevant dimension. To cover these challenges, in this work, a novel nanocomposite interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) hydrogel scaffold consists of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) was fabricated by extrusion-based 3D printing and contained favorable biological and physicochemical properties, such as mechanical, degradation, and cytocompatibility properties, particularly conducive to angiogenesis in the scaffold. A series of physiochemical and biological characterizations of the photo-crosslinked and hydrogen-bonded crosslinked IPN scaffolds were performed. Results showed that the mechanical and degradation properties of the nanocompsite GelMA/PVA scaffolds were obviously improved compare to GelMA scaffolds with single network. In vitro cell experiments and a chick embryo angiogenesis (CEA) assay confirmed good cytocompatibility of the fabricated scaffold with adipose-derived stem and human umbilical vein endothelial cells and its potential to promote cell migration and angiogenesis. In conclusion, all together of results demonstrated that GelMA/PVA IPN scaffolds modified with CuONPs have great potential for fabrication of volumetric scaffolds and promote angiogenesis during tissue growth and repair. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Runsheng Lu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Suihong Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yakui Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of general surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
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15
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Varaprasad K, Karthikeyan C, Yallapu MM, Sadiku R. The significance of biomacromolecule alginate for the 3D printing of hydrogels for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:561-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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He G, Lei H, Sun W, Gu J, Yu W, Zhang D, Chen H, Li Y, Qin M, Xue B, Wang W, Cao Y. Strong and Reversible Covalent Double Network Hydrogel Based on Force-Coupled Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201765. [PMID: 35419931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological load-bearing tissues are strong, tough, and recoverable under periodic mechanical loads. However, such features have rarely been achieved simultaneously in the same synthetic hydrogels. Here, we use a force-coupled enzymatic reaction to tune a strong covalent peptide linkage to a reversible bond. Based on this concept we engineered double network hydrogels that combine high mechanical strength and reversible mechanical recovery in the same hydrogels. Specifically, we found that a peptide ligase, sortase A, can promote the proteolysis of peptides under force. The peptide bond can be re-ligated by the same enzyme in the absence of force. This allows the sacrificial network in the double-network hydrogels to be ruptured and rebuilt reversibly. Our results demonstrate a general approach for precisely controlling the mechanical and dynamic properties of hydrogels at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiao He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250021, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Hai Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenxu Sun
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huiyan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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17
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Teixeira MC, Lameirinhas NS, Carvalho JPF, Silvestre AJD, Vilela C, Freire CSR. A Guide to Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126564. [PMID: 35743006 PMCID: PMC9223682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative technology in the biomedical field, allowing the fabrication of living constructs through an approach of layer-by-layer deposition of cell-laden inks, the so-called bioinks. An ideal bioink should possess proper mechanical, rheological, chemical, and biological characteristics to ensure high cell viability and the production of tissue constructs with dimensional stability and shape fidelity. Among the several types of bioinks, hydrogels are extremely appealing as they have many similarities with the extracellular matrix, providing a highly hydrated environment for cell proliferation and tunability in terms of mechanical and rheological properties. Hydrogels derived from natural polymers, and polysaccharides, in particular, are an excellent platform to mimic the extracellular matrix, given their low cytotoxicity, high hydrophilicity, and diversity of structures. In fact, polysaccharide-based hydrogels are trendy materials for 3D bioprinting since they are abundant and combine adequate physicochemical and biomimetic features for the development of novel bioinks. Thus, this review portrays the most relevant advances in polysaccharide-based hydrogel bioinks for 3D bioprinting, focusing on the last five years, with emphasis on their properties, advantages, and limitations, considering polysaccharide families classified according to their source, namely from seaweed, higher plants, microbial, and animal (particularly crustaceans) origin.
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18
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Kara A, Distler T, Polley C, Schneidereit D, Seitz H, Friedrich O, Tihminlioglu F, Boccaccini AR. 3D printed gelatin/decellularized bone composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, characterization and cytocompatibility study. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100309. [PMID: 35757025 PMCID: PMC9213825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the design of personalized scaffolds with tunable pore size and composition. Combining decellularization and 3D printing techniques provides the opportunity to fabricate scaffolds with high potential to mimic native tissue. The aim of this study is to produce novel decellularized bone extracellular matrix (dbECM)-reinforced composite-scaffold that can be used as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. Decellularized bone particles (dbPTs, ∼100 μm diameter) were obtained from rabbit femur and used as a reinforcement agent by mixing with gelatin (GEL) in different concentrations. 3D scaffolds were fabricated by using an extrusion-based bioprinter and crosslinking with microbial transglutaminase (mTG) enzyme, followed by freeze-drying to obtain porous structures. Fabricated 3D scaffolds were characterized morphologically, mechanically, and chemically. Furthermore, MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cells were seeded on the dbPTs reinforced GEL scaffolds (GEL/dbPTs) and cultured for 21 days to assess cytocompatibility and cell attachment. We demonstrate the 3D-printability of dbPTs-reinforced GEL hydrogels and the achievement of homogenous distribution of the dbPTs in the whole scaffold structure, as well as bioactivity and cytocompatibility of GEL/dbPTs scaffolds. It was shown that Young's modulus and degradation rate of scaffolds were enhanced with increasing dbPTs content. Multiphoton microscopy imaging displayed the interaction of cells with dbPTs, indicating attachment and proliferation of cells around the particles as well as into the GEL-particle hydrogels. Our results demonstrate that GEL/dbPTs hydrogel formulations have potential for bone tissue engineering.
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19
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Khanmohammadi M, Jalessi M, Asghari A. Biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds via enzymatic reaction for cartilage tissue engineering. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:174. [PMID: 35562776 PMCID: PMC9103298 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate cytocompatibility of hyaluronic acid (HA) and gelatin (Gela) conjugation with phenolic groups (Phs) via enzyme-mediated crosslinking. Phenolic moieties were substituted on the backbone of HA (HA-Ph) and Gela (Gela-Ph) and subsequently were subjected for horseradish peroxidase crosslinking in the presence of H2O2 as an electron donor to create a stable hybrid microenvironment for cellular behavior and cartilage tissue engineering. Results Successful synthesis of biopolymers confirmed by NRM and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The physical characteristic of hydrogels including mechanical properties and water contact angle of hydrogels enhanced with addition of Gela-Ph in HA-based hydrogel. The Gela-Ph showed longest gelation time and highest degradation rate. The cellular studies showed cells did not attach to HA-Ph hydrogel. While, proper cell attachment and proliferation observed on blend hydrogel surface compared with the neat hydrogels which interpret by the existence of cell-adhesive motifs of utilized Gela-Ph in this hydrogel. The encapsulated cells in HA-Ph hydrogel were spheroid and just maintained their viability. Hydrogels containing Gela-Ph, the cells were spindle shape with high degrees of cytoplasmic extension. Overall, the results suggest that hybrid biomimetic hydrogel can provide a superior biological microenvironment for chondrocytes in 3D cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khanmohammadi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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20
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He G, Lei H, Sun W, Gu J, Yu W, Zhang D, Chen H, Li Y, Qin M, Xue B, Wang W, Cao Y. Strong and Reversible Covalent Double Network Hydrogel Based on Force‐coupled Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai Lei
- Nanjing University Physics CHINA
| | - Wenxu Sun
- Nantong University School of Science CHINA
| | - Jie Gu
- Nanjing University Physics CHINA
| | | | - Di Zhang
- Nanjing University Physics CHINA
| | | | - Ying Li
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Meng Qin
- Nanjing University Physics CHINA
| | - Bin Xue
- Nanjing University Physics CHINA
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanjing University Physics CHINA
| | - Yi Cao
- Nanjing University Department of Physics 22 Hankou Road 210093 Nanjing CHINA
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21
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Application of Alginate Hydrogels for Next-Generation Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031147. [PMID: 35163071 PMCID: PMC8835677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The articular cartilage has insufficient intrinsic healing abilities, and articular cartilage injuries often progress to osteoarthritis. Alginate-based scaffolds are attractive biomaterials for cartilage repair and regeneration, allowing for the delivery of cells and therapeutic drugs and gene sequences. In light of the heterogeneity of findings reporting the benefits of using alginate for cartilage regeneration, a better understanding of alginate-based systems is needed in order to improve the approaches aiming to enhance cartilage regeneration with this compound. This review provides an in-depth evaluation of the literature, focusing on the manipulation of alginate as a tool to support the processes involved in cartilage healing in order to demonstrate how such a material, used as a direct compound or combined with cell and gene therapy and with scaffold-guided gene transfer procedures, may assist cartilage regeneration in an optimal manner for future applications in patients.
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22
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Design and Synthesis of Hybrid Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Poly(2-oxazoline) and Gelatin Derivatives. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020064. [PMID: 35200446 PMCID: PMC8870900 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of natural and synthetic polymers to form hybrid hydrogels offers the potential of fabricating new materials that possess a combination of properties resulting from both types of polymer classes. Within this work, two alkene-functionalized poly(2-alkyl/aryl–2-oxazoline) (PAOx) copolymers and one gelatin derivative, thiolated gelatin (gel-SH), are synthesized as precursors for hybrid hydrogels through a photo-induced radical thiol-ene crosslinking process. In-situ photo-rheology revealed an increased mechanical stability for hydrogels that possess an excess amount of PAOx precursor. A final qualitative investigation of the thermo-responsive properties of a P(EtOx270–norbornenOx30):gel-SH (2:1) hydrogel film revealed a cloud point temperature (Tcp) in the same range as the Tcp of the P(EtOx270–norbornenOx30) polymer precursor, which is around 30 °C. This promising result demonstrates that thermo-responsive hybrid poly(2-oxazoline)-gelatin hydrogels could be prepared with predictable Tcps and that further investigation into this appealing feature might be of interest. Ultimately, this work shows a proof-of-concept of using PAOx as potential hybrid hydrogel precursor in combination with cell-interactive gelatin derivatives to potentially improve the mechanical stability of the final scaffolds and introduce additional features such as thermo-responsiveness for the purpose of drug delivery.
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23
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Narayanan KB, Han SS. Peptide ligases: A Novel and potential enzyme toolbox for catalytic cross-linking of protein/peptide-based biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 155:109990. [PMID: 35030384 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.109990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of novel biomaterial scaffolds with improved biological interactions and mechanical properties is an important aspect of tissue engineering. The three-dimensional (3D) protein/peptide-based polymeric scaffolds are promising in vitro biomaterials to replicate the in vivo microenvironment mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) for cell differentiation and subsequent tissue formation. Among different strategies in the fabrication of scaffolds, bioorthogonal enzymatic reactions for rapid in situ zero-length cross-linking are advantageous. Peptide ligases as a novel toolbox have the potentiality to enzymatically cross-link natural/synthetic protein/peptide-based polymeric chains for a wide range of biomedical applications. Although natural peptide ligases, such as sortases and butelase 1 are known cysteine proteases with ligase activity, some serine proteases, such as trypsin and subtilisin, are protein engineered to form trypsiligase and subtiligase, respectively, which exhibited efficient ligase activity by linking proteins/peptides with a great variety of molecules. Peptide ligase activity by these engineered proteases is more efficient than the hydrolysis of peptide bonds (peptidase activity). Peptide esters form acyl-enzyme intermediate with serine/cysteine residues of these proteases, with subsequent aminolysis forming covalent peptide bond with N-terminal residue of another polymeric chain. In addition, peptide ligases have the potential to conjugate with cell-adhesive ECM proteins or motifs and growth factors to (bio)polymeric networks to enhance cell attachment, growth, and differentiation. Here, we review the potential and limitations of natural and engineered peptide ligases as an enzyme toolbox with a focus on sortases (classes A-D), butelase 1, trypsiligase, and subtilisin variants, and the mechanisms for their zero-length cross-linking of (bio)polymeric scaffolds for various tissue engineering and regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Elham Badali, Hosseini M, Mohajer M, Hassanzadeh S, Saghati S, Hilborn J, Khanmohammadi M. Enzymatic Crosslinked Hydrogels for Biomedical Application. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Li XP, Zou L, Abodunrin OD, Wang XW, Huang NP. Enzyme- and UV-Mediated Double-Network Hybrid Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture application. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100189. [PMID: 34486230 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture using hydrogel scaffolds can closely resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), which offers appropriate mechanical support for cells and regulates cellular behavior. In this study, a bacterial transpeptidase sortase A (SA) is used to prepare enzymatically cross-linked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA) peptides (HAMA-P) hydrogel, which reveals fast gel kinetics under high SA cross-linking concentrations and can be used as an injection hydrogel for tissue repair or extrusive 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) is introduced to build the hybrid hydrogel (HAMA-P-GelMA) with double cross-linking of enzyme-UV, which has shown proper physical properties (mechanical properties, swelling, degradation rate, etc.) of the hydrogel matrix, and displayed desirable effects on cell viability, adhesion, and cell spreading, when compared to GelMA or HAMA-P single-network hydrogels. The HAMA-P-GelMA hybrid hydrogels provide a favorable 3D milieu for cell growth and can be used as a 3D bio-ink or a carrier of stem cells/cytokines for injectable tissue repair and filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Oluwatosin David Abodunrin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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26
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Hahn L, Beudert M, Gutmann M, Keßler L, Stahlhut P, Fischer L, Karakaya E, Lorson T, Thievessen I, Detsch R, Lühmann T, Luxenhofer R. From Thermogelling Hydrogels toward Functional Bioinks: Controlled Modification and Cytocompatible Crosslinking. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100122. [PMID: 34292657 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are key components in bioink formulations to ensure printability and stability in biofabrication. In this study, a well-known Diels-Alder two-step post-polymerization modification approach is introduced into thermogelling diblock copolymers, comprising poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and thermoresponsive poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazine). The diblock copolymers are partially hydrolyzed and subsequently modified by acid/amine coupling with furan and maleimide moieties. While the thermogelling and shear-thinning properties allow excellent printability, trigger-less cell-friendly Diels-Alder click-chemistry yields long-term shape-fidelity. The introduced platform enables easy incorporation of cell-binding moieties (RGD-peptide) for cellular interaction. The hydrogel is functionalized with RGD-peptides using thiol-maleimide chemistry and cell proliferation as well as morphology of fibroblasts seeded on top of the hydrogels confirm the cell adhesion facilitated by the peptides. Finally, bioink formulations are tested for biocompatibility by incorporating fibroblasts homogenously inside the polymer solution pre-printing. After the printing and crosslinking process good cytocompatibility is confirmed. The established bioink system combines a two-step approach by physical precursor gelation followed by an additional chemical stabilization, offering a broad versatility for further biomechanical adaptation or bioresponsive peptide modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Matthias Beudert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Larissa Keßler
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Lena Fischer
- Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Biophysics Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 91, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Emine Karakaya
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorson
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Biophysics Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 91, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, 97070, Germany.,Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
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27
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Haider MS, Ahmad T, Yang M, Hu C, Hahn L, Stahlhut P, Groll J, Luxenhofer R. Tuning the Thermogelation and Rheology of Poly(2-Oxazoline)/Poly(2-Oxazine)s Based Thermosensitive Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting. Gels 2021; 7:78. [PMID: 34202652 PMCID: PMC8293086 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of "smart" material, thermogelling polymers find applications in biofabrication, drug delivery and regenerative medicine. In this work, we report a thermosensitive poly(2-oxazoline)/poly(2-oxazine) based diblock copolymer comprising thermosensitive/moderately hydrophobic poly(2-N-propyl-2-oxazine) (pPrOzi) and thermosensitive/moderately hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (pEtOx). Hydrogels were only formed when block length exceeded certain length (≈100 repeat units). The tube inversion and rheological tests showed that the material has then a reversible sol-gel transition above 25 wt.% concentration. Rheological tests further revealed a gel strength around 3 kPa, high shear thinning property and rapid shear recovery after stress, which are highly desirable properties for extrusion based three-dimensional (3D) (bio) printing. Attributed to the rheology profile, well resolved printability and high stackability (with added laponite) was also possible. (Cryo) scanning electron microscopy exhibited a highly porous, interconnected, 3D network. The sol-state at lower temperatures (in ice bath) facilitated the homogeneous distribution of (fluorescently labelled) human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) in the hydrogel matrix. Post-printing live/dead assays revealed that the hADSCs encapsulated within the hydrogel remained viable (≈97%). This thermoreversible and (bio) printable hydrogel demonstrated promising properties for use in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Salman Haider
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (T.A.); (P.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Mengshi Yang
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Chen Hu
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (T.A.); (P.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (T.A.); (P.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (L.H.)
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PB 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Chen H, Fei F, Li X, Nie Z, Zhou D, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Fei Z, Xu T. A facile, versatile hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting benefits long-term subaqueous fidelity, cell viability and proliferation. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab026. [PMID: 34211734 PMCID: PMC8240632 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both of the long-term fidelity and cell viability of three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted constructs are essential to precise soft tissue repair. However, the shrinking/swelling behavior of hydrogels brings about inadequate long-term fidelity of constructs, and bioinks containing excessive polymer are detrimental to cell viability. Here, we obtained a facile hydrogel by introducing 1% aldehyde hyaluronic acid (AHA) and 0.375% N-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), two polysaccharides with strong water absorption and water retention capacity, into classic gelatin (GEL, 5%)-alginate (ALG, 1%) ink. This GEL-ALG/CMC/AHA bioink possesses weak temperature dependence due to the Schiff base linkage of CMC/AHA and electrostatic interaction of CMC/ALG. We fabricated integrated constructs through traditional printing at room temperature and in vivo simulation printing at 37°C. The printed cell-laden constructs can maintain subaqueous fidelity for 30 days after being reinforced by 3% calcium chloride for only 20 s. Flow cytometry results showed that the cell viability was 91.38 ± 1.55% on day 29, and the cells in the proliferation plateau at this time still maintained their dynamic renewal with a DNA replication rate of 6.06 ± 1.24%. This work provides a convenient and practical bioink option for 3D bioprinting in precise soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhenguo Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth medical center of PLA general hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Libiao Liu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China
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29
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Hu C, Haider MS, Hahn L, Yang M, Luxenhofer R. Development of a 3D printable and highly stretchable ternary organic-inorganic nanocomposite hydrogel. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4535-4545. [PMID: 34037651 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00484k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels that can be processed with additive manufacturing techniques and concomitantly possess favorable mechanical properties are interesting for many advanced applications. However, the development of novel ink materials with high intrinsic 3D printing performance has been proven to be a major challenge. Herein, a novel 3D printable organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel is developed from three components, and characterized in detail in terms of rheological property, swelling behavior and composition. The nanocomposite hydrogel combines a thermoresponsive hydrogel with clay LAPONITE® XLG and in situ polymerized poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide). Before in situ polymerization, the thermogelling and shear thinning properties of the thermoresponsive hydrogel provides a system well-suited for extrusion-based 3D printing. After chemical curing of the 3D-printed constructs by free radical polymerization, the resulting interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel shows excellent mechanical strength with a high stretchability to a tensile strain at break exceeding 550%. Integrating with the advanced 3D-printing technique, the introduced material could be interesting for a wide range of applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, soft robotics and additive manufacturing in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Malik Salman Haider
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Mengshi Yang
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. and Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Song W, Ko J, Choi YH, Hwang NS. Recent advancements in enzyme-mediated crosslinkable hydrogels: In vivo-mimicking strategies. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:021502. [PMID: 33834154 PMCID: PMC8018798 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play a central role in fundamental biological processes and have been traditionally used to trigger various processes. In recent years, enzymes have been used to tune biomaterial responses and modify the chemical structures at desired sites. These chemical modifications have allowed the fabrication of various hydrogels for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the use of enzymes for hydrogel fabrication. Strategies to enhance the enzyme function and improve biocompatibility are described. In addition, we describe future opportunities and challenges for the production of enzyme-mediated crosslinkable hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmoon Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: 82-2-880-1635. Fax: 82-2-880-7295
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31
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Zhang W, Du A, Liu S, Lv M, Chen S. Research progress in decellularized extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels. Regen Ther 2021; 18:88-96. [PMID: 34095366 PMCID: PMC8142036 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is widely used in regenerative medicine as a scaffold material due to its unique biological activity and good biocompatibility. Hydrogel is a three-dimensional network structure polymer with high water content and high swelling that can simulate the water environment of human tissues, has good biocompatibility, and can exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste with cells. At present, hydrogel is the ideal biological material for tissue engineering. In recent years, rapid development of the hydrogel theory and technology and progress in the use of dECM to form hydrogels have attracted considerable attention to dECM hydrogels as an innovative method for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This article introduces the classification of hydrogels, and focuses on the history and formation of dECM hydrogels, the source of dECM, the application of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering and the commercial application of dECM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Aoling Du
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mingyue Lv
- Anesthesia Class 1 of Chuanshan College, South China University, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shenghua Chen
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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32
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Abdollahiyan P, Oroojalian F, Hejazi M, de la Guardia M, Mokhtarzadeh A. Nanotechnology, and scaffold implantation for the effective repair of injured organs: An overview on hard tissue engineering. J Control Release 2021; 333:391-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Dhand AP, Galarraga JH, Burdick JA. Enhancing Biopolymer Hydrogel Functionality through Interpenetrating Networks. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:519-538. [PMID: 32950262 PMCID: PMC7960570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditional hydrogels are strong candidates for biomedical applications; however, they may suffer from drawbacks such as weak mechanics, static properties, and an inability to fully replicate aspects of the cellular microenvironment. These challenges can be addressed through the incorporation of second networks to form interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels. The objective of this review is to establish clear trends on the enhanced functionality achieved by incorporating secondary networks into traditional, biopolymer-based hydrogels. These include mechanical reinforcement, 'smart' systems that respond to external stimuli, and the ability to tune cell-material interactions. Through attention to network structure and chemistry, IPN hydrogels may advance to meet challenging criteria for a wide range of biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek P Dhand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan H Galarraga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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34
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Trachsel L, Zenobi-Wong M, Benetti EM. The role of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s in hydrogels and biofabrication. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2874-2886. [PMID: 33729230 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOXAs) have been rapidly emerging as starting materials in the design of tissue engineering supports and for the generation of platforms for cell cultures, especially in the form of hydrogels. Thanks to their biocompatibility, chemical versatility and robustness, PAOXAs now represent a valid alternative to poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) and their derivatives in these applications, and in the formulation of bioinks for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. In this review, we summarize the recent literature where PAOXAs have been used as main components for hydrogels and biofabrication mixtures, especially highlighting how their easily tunable composition could be exploited to fabricate multifunctional biomaterials with an extremely broad spectrum of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. and Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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35
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Dargaville TR, Harkin DG, Park JR, Cavalcanti A, Bolle ECL, Savi FM, Farrugia BL, Monnery BD, Bernhard Y, Van Guyse JFR, Podevyn A, Hoogenboom R. Poly(2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Hydrogels: From Accelerated Gelation Kinetics to In Vivo Compatibility in a Murine Subdermal Implant Model. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1590-1599. [PMID: 33764748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid photo-curing system based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-co-2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline) and its in vivo compatibility are presented. The base polymer was synthesized from the copolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and the methyl ester containing 2-methoxycarboxypropyl-2-oxazoline (C3MestOx) followed by amidation with allylamine to yield a highly water-soluble macromer. We showed that spherical hydrogels can be obtained by a simple water-in-oil gelation method using thiol-ene coupling and investigated the in vivo biocompatibility of these hydrogel spheres in a 28-day murine subdermal model. For comparison, hydrogel spheres prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) were also implanted. Both materials displayed mild, yet typical foreign body responses with little signs of fibrosis. This is the first report on the foreign body response of a poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogel, which paves the way for future investigations into how this highly tailorable class of materials can be used for implantable hydrogel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Dargaville
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Damien G Harkin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Jong-Ryul Park
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Cavalcanti
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Eleonore C L Bolle
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bryn D Monnery
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yann Bernhard
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelore Podevyn
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Aldana AA, Houben S, Moroni L, Baker MB, Pitet LM. Trends in Double Networks as Bioprintable and Injectable Hydrogel Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4077-4101. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. Aldana
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Houben
- Advanced Functional Polymers Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis M. Pitet
- Advanced Functional Polymers Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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37
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Shin YJ, Shafranek RT, Tsui JH, Walcott J, Nelson A, Kim DH. 3D bioprinting of mechanically tuned bioinks derived from cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:75-88. [PMID: 33166713 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a powerful technique for engineering tissues used to study cell behavior and tissue properties in vitro. With the right formulation and printing parameters, bioinks can provide native biological and mechanical cues while allowing for versatile 3D structures that recapitulate tissue-level organization. Bio-based materials that support cellular adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation - including gelatin, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and alginate - have been successfully used as bioinks. In particular, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has become a promising material with the unique ability to maintain both biochemical and topographical micro-environments of native tissues. However, dECM has shown technical limitations for 3D printing (3DP) applications posed by its intrinsically low mechanical stability. Herein, we report hydrogel bioinks composed of partially digested, porcine cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix (cdECM), Laponite-XLG nanoclay, and poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-DA). The Laponite facilitated extrusion-based 3DP, while PEG-DA enabled photo-polymerization after printing. Improving upon previously reported bioinks derived from dECM, our bioinks combine extrudability, shape fidelity, rapid cross-linking, and cytocompatibility in a single formulation (> 97% viability of encapsulated human cardiac fibroblasts and > 94% viability of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes after 7 days). The compressive modulus of the cured hydrogel bioinks was tunable from 13.4-89 kPa by changing the concentration of PEG-DA in the bioink formulation. Importantly, this span of mechanical stiffness encompasses ranges of tissue stiffness from healthy (compressive modulus ~5-15 kPa) to fibrotic (compressive modulus ~30-100 kPa) cardiac tissue states. The printed constructs demonstrated shape fidelity, adaptability to different printing conditions, and high cell viability following extrusion and photo-polymerization, highlighting the potential for applications in modeling both healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissue.
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38
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Ngadimin KD, Stokes A, Gentile P, Ferreira AM. Biomimetic hydrogels designed for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4246-4259. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage-like hydrogels based on materials like gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and polyethylene glycol are reviewed and contrasted, revealing existing limitations and challenges on biomimetic hydrogels for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kresanti D. Ngadimin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Alexander Stokes
- Faculty of Science
- Agriculture & Engineering
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- Faculty of Science
- Agriculture & Engineering
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Ana M. Ferreira
- Faculty of Science
- Agriculture & Engineering
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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39
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Messaoudi O, Henrionnet C, Bourge K, Loeuille D, Gillet P, Pinzano A. Stem Cells and Extrusion 3D Printing for Hyaline Cartilage Engineering. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010002. [PMID: 33374921 PMCID: PMC7821921 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is deficient in self-healing properties. The early treatment of focal cartilage lesions is a public health challenge to prevent long-term degradation and the occurrence of osteoarthritis. Cartilage tissue engineering represents a promising alternative to the current insufficient surgical solutions. 3D printing is a thriving technology and offers new possibilities for personalized regenerative medicine. Extrusion-based processes permit the deposition of cell-seeded bioinks, in a layer-by-layer manner, allowing mimicry of the native zonal organization of hyaline cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. Originally isolated from bone marrow, they can now be derived from many different cell sources (e.g., synovium, dental pulp, Wharton’s jelly). Their proliferation and differentiation potential are well characterized, and they possess good chondrogenic potential, making them appropriate candidates for cartilage reconstruction. This review summarizes the different sources, origins, and densities of MSCs used in extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) processes, as alternatives to chondrocytes. The different bioink constituents and their advantages for producing substitutes mimicking healthy hyaline cartilage is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Messaoudi
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (O.M.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Christel Henrionnet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (O.M.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Kevin Bourge
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (O.M.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Damien Loeuille
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (O.M.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Bâtiment des Spécialités Médicales, 5 rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Gillet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (O.M.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Pinzano
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (O.M.); (C.H.); (K.B.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
- Contrat d’Interface, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital de Brabois, Bâtiment Spécialités Médicales, F54511 Vandœuvre Lès Nancy, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)372-746-565
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40
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Trachsel L, Romio M, Zenobi-Wong M, Benetti EM. Hydrogels Generated from Cyclic Poly(2-Oxazoline)s Display Unique Swelling and Mechanical Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000658. [PMID: 33326133 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic macromolecules do not feature chain ends and are characterized by a higher effective intramolecular repulsion between polymer segments, leading to a higher excluded-volume effect and greater hydration with respect to their linear counterparts. As a result of these unique properties, hydrogels composed of cross-linked cyclic polymers feature enhanced mechanical strength while simultaneously incorporating more solvent with respect to networks formed from their linear analogues with identical molar mass and chemical composition. The translation of topology effects by cyclic polymers into the properties of polymer networks provides hydrogels that ideally do not include defects, such as dangling chain ends, and display unprecedented physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.,Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St., Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.,Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St., Gallen, Switzerland
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41
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Luo C, Zhai C, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yuan T, Dong S, Zhang J, Fan W. Crosslinker-free silk/decellularized extracellular matrix porous bioink for 3D bioprinting-based cartilage tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111388. [PMID: 33254994 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As cartilage tissue lacks the innate ability to mount an adequate regeneration response, damage to it is detrimental to the quality of life of the subject. The emergence of three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP) technology presents an opportunity to repair articular cartilage defects. However, widespread adoption of this technique has been impeded by difficulty in preparing a suitable bioink and the toxicity inherent in the chemical crosslinking process of most bioinks. Our objective was to develop a crosslinker-free bioink with the same biological activity as the original cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) and good mechanical strength. We prepared bioinks containing different concentrations of silk fibroin and decellularized extracellular matrix (SF-dECM bioinks) mixed with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for 3D bioprinting. SF and dECM interconnect with each other through physical crosslinking and entanglement. A porous structure was formed by removing the polyethylene glycol from the SF-dECM bioink. The results showed the SF-dECM construct had a suitable mechanical strength and degradation rate, and the expression of chondrogenesis-specific genes was found to be higher than that of the SF control construct group. Finally, we confirmed that a SF-dECM construct that was designed to release TGF-β3 had the ability to promote chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and provided a good cartilage repair environment, suggesting it is an ideal scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chunyang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chenjun Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Zuxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shilei Dong
- Key Lab of Biofabrication of AnHui Higher Education Institution Centre for Advanced Biofabrication, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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42
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Hauptstein J, Böck T, Bartolf‐Kopp M, Forster L, Stahlhut P, Nadernezhad A, Blahetek G, Zernecke‐Madsen A, Detsch R, Jüngst T, Groll J, Teßmar J, Blunk T. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Bioink Composition Enabling 3D Bioprinting and Improving Quality of Deposited Cartilaginous Extracellular Matrix. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000737. [PMID: 32757263 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 3D bioprinting, bioinks with high concentrations of polymeric materials are frequently used to enable fabrication of 3D cell-hydrogel constructs with sufficient stability. However, this is often associated with restricted cell bioactivity and an inhomogeneous distribution of newly produced extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, this study investigates bioink compositions based on hyaluronic acid (HA), an attractive material for cartilage regeneration, which allow for reduction of polymer content. Thiolated HA and allyl-modified poly(glycidol) in varying concentrations are UV-crosslinked. To adapt bioinks to poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-supported 3D bioprinting, the gels are further supplemented with 1 wt% unmodified high molecular weight HA (hmHA) and chondrogenic differentiation of incorporated human mesenchymal stromal cells is assessed. Strikingly, addition of hmHA to gels with a low polymer content (3 wt%) results in distinct increase of construct quality with a homogeneous ECM distribution throughout the constructs, independent of the printing process. Improved ECM distribution in those constructs is associated with increased construct stiffness after chondrogenic differentiation, as compared to higher concentrated constructs (10 wt%), which only show pericellular matrix deposition. The study contributes to effective bioink development, demonstrating dual function of a supplement enabling PCL-supported bioprinting and at the same time improving biological properties of the resulting constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hauptstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Böck
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Bartolf‐Kopp
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Leonard Forster
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ali Nadernezhad
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Gina Blahetek
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IIUniversity Hospital Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke‐Madsen
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IIUniversity Hospital Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of BiomaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
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43
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Maddock RMA, Pollard GJ, Moreau NG, Perry JJ, Race PR. Enzyme-catalysed polymer cross-linking: Biocatalytic tools for chemical biology, materials science and beyond. Biopolymers 2020; 111:e23390. [PMID: 32640085 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular cross-linking is one of the most important techniques that can be used to fundamentally alter the material properties of a polymer. The introduction of covalent bonds between individual polymer chains creates 3D macromolecular assemblies with enhanced mechanical properties and greater chemical or thermal tolerances. In contrast to many chemical cross-linking reactions, which are the basis of thermoset plastics, enzyme catalysed processes offer a complimentary paradigm for the assembly of cross-linked polymer networks through their predictability and high levels of control. Additionally, enzyme catalysed reactions offer an inherently 'greener' and more biocompatible approach to covalent bond formation, which could include the use of aqueous solvents, ambient temperatures, and heavy metal-free reagents. Here, we review recent progress in the development of biocatalytic methods for polymer cross-linking, with a specific focus on the most promising candidate enzyme classes and their underlying catalytic mechanisms. We also provide exemplars of the use of enzyme catalysed cross-linking reactions in industrially relevant applications, noting the limitations of these approaches and outlining strategies to mitigate reported deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie M A Maddock
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK.,BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gregory J Pollard
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicolette G Moreau
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Justin J Perry
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul R Race
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK.,BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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44
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Deo KA, Singh KA, Peak CW, Alge DL, Gaharwar AK. Bioprinting 101: Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Cell-Laden 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:318-338. [PMID: 32079490 PMCID: PMC7480731 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that recapitulates the native architecture of tissues. This is accomplished through the precise deposition of cell-containing bioinks. The spatiotemporal control over bioink deposition permits for improved communication between cells and the extracellular matrix, facilitates fabrication of anatomically and physiologically relevant structures. The physiochemical properties of bioinks, before and after crosslinking, are crucial for bioprinting complex tissue structures. Specifically, the rheological properties of bioinks determines printability, structural fidelity, and cell viability during the printing process, whereas postcrosslinking of bioinks are critical for their mechanical integrity, physiological stability, cell survival, and cell functions. In this review, we critically evaluate bioink design criteria, specifically for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting techniques, to fabricate complex constructs. The effects of various processing parameters on the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of bioinks are discussed. Furthermore, emerging trends and future directions in the area of bioinks and bioprinting are also highlighted. Graphical abstract [Figure: see text] Impact statement Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting is an emerging additive manufacturing approach for fabricating cell-laden tissue engineered constructs. This review critically evaluates bioink design criteria to fabricate complex tissue constructs. Specifically, pre- and post-printing evaluation approaches are described, as well as new research directions in the field of bioink development and functional bioprinting are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivalya A. Deo
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kanwar Abhay Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Charles W. Peak
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Daniel L. Alge
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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