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Venel F, Giovine R, Laurencin D, Špačková J, Mittelette S, Métro TX, Volkringer C, Lafon O, Pourpoint F. Probing oxygen exchange between UiO-66(Zr) MOF and water using 17 O solid-state NMR. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302731. [PMID: 38227358 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The Zr-based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) UiO-66(Zr) is widely employed owing to its good thermal and chemical stabilities. Although the long-range structure of this MOF is preserved in the presence of water during several days, little is known about the formation of defects, which cannot be detected using diffraction techniques. We apply here 17 O solid-state NMR spectroscopy at 18.8 T to investigate the reactivity of UiO-66, through the exchange of oxygen atoms between the different sites of the MOF and water. For that purpose, we have selectively enriched in 17 O isotope the carboxylate groups of UiO-66(Zr) by using it with 17 O-labeled terephthalic acid prepared using mechanochemistry. In the presence of water at 50 °C and a following dehydration at 150 °C, we observe an overall exchange of O atoms between COO- and μ3 -O2- sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the three distinct oxygen sites, μ3 -OH, μ3 -O2- and COO- , of UiO-66(Zr) MOF can be enriched in 17 O isotope by post-synthetic hydrothermal treatment in the presence of 17 O-enriched water. These results demonstrate the lability of Zr-O bonds and the reactivity of UiO-66(Zr) with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Venel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Raynald Giovine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Danielle Laurencin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR-5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
| | - Jessica Špačková
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR-5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
| | - Sébastien Mittelette
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR-5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
| | - Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR-5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Pourpoint
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
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Dudek MK, Trzeciak K, Tajber L, Zając J, Kaźmierski S, Pindelska E, Makowski T, Svyntkivska M, Potrzebowski MJ. A New Look at the Mechanism of Cocrystal Formation and Coformers Exchange in Processes Forced by Mechanical and/or Thermal Stimuli - ex situ and in situ Studies of Low-Melting Eutectic Mixtures. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302138. [PMID: 37957130 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Three different devices: ball mill, hot stage melting, and magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR rotor were used for the preparation of ethenzamide (ET) cocrystals with glutaric acid (GLU), ethylmalonic acid (EMA) and maleic acid (MAL) as coformers. In each case, well-defined binary systems (ET:EMA, ET:GLU, ET:MAL) were obtained. The common features of the two solvent free methods of cocrystal formation (grinding, melting) are presented on the basis of arguments obtained by solid state NMR spectroscopy. Thermal analysis (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) proved that the eutectic phase arises over a wide range of molar ratios of components for each of the binary systems. NMR techniques, supported by theoretical calculations, allowed to provide details about the pathway of the reaction mechanism with atomic accuracy. It was found that the formation of ET cocrystals is a complex process that requires five steps. Each step has been recognized and described. Variable temperature 1D and 2D MAS NMR experiments allowed to track physicochemical processes taking place in a molten state. Moreover, it was found that in a multicomponent mixture consisting of all four components, ET, EMA, GLU, and MAL, ET in the molten phase behaves as a specific selector choosing only one partner to form binary cocrystals according to energy preferences. The process of exchange of coformers in binary systems during grinding, melting, and NMR measurements is described. The stabilization energies (Estab ) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps computed for the cocrystals under discussion and their individual components rationalize the selection rules and explain the relationships between individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Dudek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Trzeciak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Justyna Zając
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kaźmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Pindelska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariia Svyntkivska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
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Silva IDA, Bartalucci E, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Mechanochemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304092. [PMID: 37407000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it is shown that mechanochemical strategies can be beneficial in directed conversions of organic compounds. Finding new reactions proved difficult, and due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical reaction events, respective efforts have mostly remained empirical. Spectroscopic techniques are crucial in shedding light on these questions. In this overview, the opportunities and challenges of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of organic mechanochemistry are discussed. After a brief discussion of the basics of high-resolution solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions, seven opportunities for solid-state NMR in the field of organic mechanochemistry are presented, ranging from ex situ approaches to structurally elucidated reaction products obtained by milling to the potential and limitations of in situ solid-state NMR approaches. Particular strengths of solid-state NMR, for instance in differentiating polymorphs, in NMR-crystallographic structure-determination protocols, or in detecting weak noncovalent interactions in molecular-recognition events employing proton-detected solid-state NMR experiments at fast MAS frequencies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Félix G, Fabregue N, Leroy C, Métro TX, Chen CH, Laurencin D. Induction-heated ball-milling: a promising asset for mechanochemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23435-23447. [PMID: 37655593 PMCID: PMC10499007 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
While ball-milling is becoming one of the common tools used by synthetic chemists, an increasing number of studies highlight that it is possible to further expand the nature and number of products which can be synthesized, by heating the reaction media during mechanochemical reactions. Hence, developing set-ups enabling heating and milling to be combined is an important target, which has been looked into in both academic and industrial laboratories. Here, we report a new approach for heating up reaction media during ball-milling reactions, using induction heating (referred to as i-BM). Our set-up is attractive not only because it enables a very fast heating of the milling medium (reaching ≈80 °C in just 15 s), and that it is directly adaptable to commercially-available milling equipment, but also because it enables heating either the walls of the milling jars or the beads themselves, depending on the choice of the materials which compose them. Importantly, the possibility to heat a milling medium "from the inside" (when using for example a PMMA jar and stainless steel beads) is a unique feature compared to previously proposed systems. Through numerical simulations, we then show that it is possible to finely tune the properties of this heating system (e.g. heating rate and maximum temperature reached), by playing with the characteristics of the milling system and/or the induction heating conditions used. Lastly, examples of applications of i-BM are given, showing how it can be used to help elucidate reaction mechanisms in ball-milling, to synthesize new molecules, and to control the physical nature of milling media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Félix
- ICGM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nicolas Fabregue
- ICGM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - César Leroy
- ICGM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Chia-Hsin Chen
- ICGM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Huet L, Mazouzi D, Moreau P, Dupré N, Paris M, Mittelette S, Laurencin D, Devic T, Roué L, Lestriez B. Coordinatively Cross-Linked Binders for Silicon-Based Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Beneficial Impact on Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15509-15524. [PMID: 36917122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple and versatile preparation of Zn(II)-poly(carboxylates) reticulated binders by the addition of Zn(II) precursors (ZnSO4, ZnO, or Zn(NO3)2) into a preoptimized poly(carboxylic acids) binder solution is proposed. These binders lead systematically to a significantly improved electrochemical performance when used for the formulation of silicon-based negative electrodes. The formation of carboxylate-Zn(II) coordination bonds formation is investigated by rheology and FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. Mechanical characterizations reveal that the coordinated binder offers a better electrode coating cohesion and adhesion to the current collector, as well as higher hardness and elastic modulus, which are even preserved in the presence of a carbonate solvent (i.e., in battery operation conditions). Ultimately, as shown from operando dilatometry experiments, the electrode expansion during lithiation is reduced, mitigating electrode mechanical failure. Such coordinatively reticulated electrodes outperform their uncoordinated counterparts with an improved capacity retention of over 30% after 60 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Huet
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, Nantes F-44000, France
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications (EMT), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes 1223, Morocco
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Michael Paris
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Devic
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Lionel Roué
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications (EMT), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, Nantes F-44000, France
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Goldberga I, Jensen ND, Combes C, Mentink-Vigier F, Wang X, Hung I, Gan Z, Trébosc J, Métro TX, Bonhomme C, Gervais C, Laurencin D. 17O solid state NMR as a valuable tool for deciphering reaction mechanisms in mechanochemistry: the case study on the 17O-enrichment of hydrated Ca-pyrophosphate biominerals. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:250-265. [PMID: 36134444 PMCID: PMC9813801 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of enriching in 17O the water molecules within hydrated biominerals belonging to the Ca-pyrophosphate family was investigated, using liquid assisted grinding (LAG) in the presence of 17O-labelled water. Two phases with different hydration levels, namely triclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (Ca2P2O7·2H2O, denoted t-CPPD) and monoclinic calcium pyrophosphate tetrahydrate (Ca2P2O7·4H2O, denoted m-CPPT β) were enriched in 17O using a "post-enrichment" strategy, in which the non-labelled precursors were ground under gentle milling conditions in the presence of stoichiometric quantities of 17O-enriched water (introduced here in very small volumes ∼10 μL). Using high-resolution 17O solid-state NMR (ssNMR) analyses at multiple magnetic fields, and dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP)-enhanced 17O NMR, it was possible to show that the labelled water molecules are mainly located at the core of the crystal structures, but that they can enter the lattice in different ways, namely by dissolution/recrystallisation or by diffusion. Overall, this work sheds light on the importance of high-resolution 17O NMR to help decipher the different roles that water can play as a liquid-assisted grinding agent and as a reagent for 17O-isotopic enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Goldberga
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Christèle Combes
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP – ENSIACETToulouseFrance
| | | | - Xiaoling Wang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL)TallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL)TallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL)TallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Julien Trébosc
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois FR2638 – IMEC – Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul59000 LilleFrance
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