1
|
Otulakowski Ł, Kasprow M, Gadzinowski M, Slomkowski S, Makowski T, Basinska T, Forys A, Godzierz M, Trzebicka B. Influence of hydrophilic block length on the aggregation properties of polyglycidol-polystyrene-polyglycidol copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:546-557. [PMID: 38126407 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic triblock copolymers, polyglycidol-polystyrene-polyglycidol (PGL-PS-PGL), were synthesised via anionic polymerization starting from the synthesis of a polystyrene macroinitiator with 60 styrene units in the block terminated by ethylene oxide. Poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether) blocks of different lengths were created on both sides of the macroinitiator. By removing the ethoxyethyl blocking groups, PGL-PS-PGL copolymers containing polyglycidol blocks with DP 11, 23, 44 and 63 were received. Their structures were determined by NMR and FTIR. The hydrophilicity of PLG-PS-PGL films was studied upon exposure to water vapour. To perform the copolymers' aggregation in water, the samples were dialysed from DMF into water. The critical concentration of their micellisation (CMC) was determined by measuring the absorbance of the 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene (DPH) probe and the intensity of light scattered by the copolymers' solution as a function of concentration. CMC values increased with increasing the number of hydrophilic glycidol units in the copolymer chain. The sizes of aggregates formed slightly above the critical concentration were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and particles were imaged by cryo-TEM. Cryo-TEM pictures showed the presence of regular micelles in copolymer dispersions. For copolymers with shorter PGL chains aggregated partices were detected. Moreover, cryo-TEM demonstrated that the copolymers with a polyglycidol block of DP = 63 formed regular spherical micelles that formed 2D ordered organisation on the surface. X-ray measurements showed the formation of a partially crystallised PS core in the micelle's interior. The aggregates of all copolymers were stable. Their sizes did not change after one year of storage. The particles did not disassociate even after diluting their dispersions to a concentration 10 times lower than the critical concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Otulakowski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kasprow
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Teresa Basinska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland.
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland.
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krupnik L, Joshi P, Kappler A, Flühmann B, Alston AB, Digigow R, Wick P, Neels A. Critical nanomaterial attributes of iron-carbohydrate nanoparticles: Leveraging orthogonal methods to resolve the 3-dimensional structure. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106521. [PMID: 37423578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous iron-carbohydrate nanomedicines are widely used to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia across a wide breadth of patient populations. These colloidal solutions of nanoparticles are complex drugs which inherently makes physicochemical characterization more challenging than small molecule drugs. There have been advancements in physicochemical characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurement, that have provided a better understanding of the physical structure of these drug products in vitro. However, establishment and validation of complementary and orthogonal approaches are necessary to better understand the 3-dimensional physical structure of the iron-carbohydrate complexes, particularly with regard to their physical state in the context of the nanoparticle interaction with biological components such as whole blood (i.e. the nano-bio interface).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Krupnik
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Materials meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland; Center for X-ray Analytics, Materials meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Prachi Joshi
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Beat Flühmann
- CSL Vifor, Flughofstrasse 61, Glattbrug 8152, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Materials meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Materials meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Das B, Batley JT, Krycka KL, Borchers JA, Quarterman P, Korostynski C, Nguyen M, Kamboj I, Aydil ES, Leighton C. Chemically Induced Magnetic Dead Shells in Superparamagnetic Ni Nanoparticles Deduced from Polarized Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33491-33504. [PMID: 35848081 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and characterization of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have yielded great gains in the understanding of their complex magnetic behavior, with implications for numerous applications. Recent work using Ni NPs as a model soft ferromagnetic system, for example, achieved quantitative understanding of the superparamagnetic blocking temperature-particle diameter relationship. This hinged, however, on the critical assumption of a ferromagnetic NP volume lower than the chemical volume due to a non-ferromagnetic dead shell indirectly deduced from magnetometry. Here, we determine both the chemical and magnetic average internal structures of Ni NP ensembles via unpolarized, half-polarized, and fully polarized small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and analyses coupled with X-ray diffraction and magnetometry. The postulated nanometric magnetic dead shell is not only detected but conclusively identified as a non-ferromagnetic Ni phosphide derived from the trioctylphosphine commonly used in hot-injection colloidal NP syntheses. The phosphide shell thickness is tunable via synthesis temperature, falling to as little as 0.5 nm at 170 °C. Temperature- and magnetic field-dependent polarized SANS measurements additionally reveal essentially bulk-like ferromagnetism in the Ni core and negligible interparticle magnetic interactions, quantitatively supporting prior modeling of superparamagnetism. These findings advance the understanding of synthesis-structure-property relationships in metallic magnetic NPs, point to a simple potential route to ligand-free stabilization, and highlight the power of the currently available suite of polarized SANS measurement and analysis capabilities for magnetic NP science and technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph T Batley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kathryn L Krycka
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Julie A Borchers
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Patrick Quarterman
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Caroline Korostynski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - My Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ishita Kamboj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Eray S Aydil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Chris Leighton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Honecker D, Bersweiler M, Erokhin S, Berkov D, Chesnel K, Venero DA, Qdemat A, Disch S, Jochum JK, Michels A, Bender P. Using small-angle scattering to guide functional magnetic nanoparticle design. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1026-1059. [PMID: 36131777 PMCID: PMC9417585 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00482d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles offer unique potential for various technological, biomedical, or environmental applications thanks to the size-, shape- and material-dependent tunability of their magnetic properties. To optimize particles for a specific application, it is crucial to interrelate their performance with their structural and magnetic properties. This review presents the advantages of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques for achieving a detailed multiscale characterization of magnetic nanoparticles and their ensembles in a mesoscopic size range from 1 to a few hundred nanometers with nanometer resolution. Both X-rays and neutrons allow the ensemble-averaged determination of structural properties, such as particle morphology or particle arrangement in multilayers and 3D assemblies. Additionally, the magnetic scattering contributions enable retrieving the internal magnetization profile of the nanoparticles as well as the inter-particle moment correlations caused by interactions within dense assemblies. Most measurements are used to determine the time-averaged ensemble properties, in addition advanced small-angle scattering techniques exist that allow accessing particle and spin dynamics on various timescales. In this review, we focus on conventional small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS), X-ray and neutron reflectometry, gracing-incidence SAXS and SANS, X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy techniques. For each technique, we provide a general overview, present the latest scientific results, and discuss its strengths as well as sample requirements. Finally, we give our perspectives on how future small-angle scattering experiments, especially in combination with micromagnetic simulations, could help to optimize the performance of magnetic nanoparticles for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Honecker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Mathias Bersweiler
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg 162A Avenue de La Faïencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Sergey Erokhin
- General Numerics Research Lab Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1A D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Dmitry Berkov
- General Numerics Research Lab Moritz-von-Rohr-Straße 1A D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Karine Chesnel
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physics and Astronomy Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Diego Alba Venero
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Asma Qdemat
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie Luxemburger Straße 116 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Sabrina Disch
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie Luxemburger Straße 116 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Johanna K Jochum
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Michels
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg 162A Avenue de La Faïencerie L-1511 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Bender
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aboudzadeh MA, Kruse J, Sanromán Iglesias M, Cangialosi D, Alegria A, Grzelczak M, Barroso-Bujans F. Gold nanoparticles endowed with low-temperature colloidal stability by cyclic polyethylene glycol in ethanol. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7792-7801. [PMID: 34368823 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00720c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal stability of metal nanoparticles is tremendously dependent on the thermal behavior of polymer brushes. Neat polyethylene glycol (PEG) presents an unconventional upper critical solution temperature in ethanol, where phase segregation and crystallization coexist. This thermal behavior translated to a PEG brush has serious consequences on the colloidal stability in ethanol of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with PEG brushes upon cooling. We observed that AuNPs (13 nm diameter) stabilized with conventional linear PEG brushes (Mn = 6 and 11 kg mol-1) in ethanol suffer from reversible phase separation upon a temperature drop over the course of a few hours. However, the use of a polymer brush with cyclic topology as a stabilizer prevents sedimentation, ensuring the colloidal stability in ethanol at -25 °C for, at least, four months. We postulate that temperature-driven collapse of chain brushes promotes the interpenetration of linear chains, causing progressive AuNP sedimentation, a process that is unfavorable for cyclic polymer brushes whose topology prevents chain interpenetration. This study reinforces the notion about the importance of polymer topology on the colloidal stability of AuNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ali Aboudzadeh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahu P, Kashaw SK, Kashaw V, Shabaaz JP, Dahiya R. Synthesis and ex vivo evaluation of PLGA chitosan surface modulated double walled transdermal Pluronic nanogel for the controlled delivery of Temozolomide. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:742-754. [PMID: 34310997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A surface modulated biodegradable transdermal strategy has been exploited for improving the biopharmaceutical properties of Temozolomide augmented in Poly Lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) chitosan double walled nanogel (PCNGL). The PCNGL was synthesized by dual approach methodology showing consistent nanosize particle range of 210 nm and PDI 0.325 ± 0.43 with cationic zeta potential values +29.34 ± 0.79 mV. The PCNGL showed qualitative endothermic & exothermic temperature dependent degradation peaks by thermogravimetry analysis. Blood hemolysis and coagulation assay showed 3.37 ± 0.19 as hemolytic ratio, validating biologically safe margin for transdermal delivery. The in vitro drug release showed 85% transdermal release at slightly acidic pH mimicking skin microenvironment. The ex vivo studies displayed noteworthy penetration potential validated by concentration depth assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, exhibiting 80% Temozolomide uptake in porcine epidermal tissue. The current research demonstrated the biodegradable controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic Temozolomide leading to biologically safe transdermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, India.
| | - Varsha Kashaw
- Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, MP, India
| | - J P Shabaaz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, J.B. Campus, Bangalore 5600n56, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Willinger M, Reimhult E. Thermoresponsive Nanoparticles with Cyclic-Polymer-Grafted Shells Are More Stable than with Linear-Polymer-Grafted Shells: Effect of Polymer Topology, Molecular Weight, and Core Size. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7009-7023. [PMID: 34156854 PMCID: PMC8279546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymer brush-grafted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can change their aggregation state in response to temperature and are potential smart materials for many applications. Recently, the shell morphology imposed by grafting to a nanoparticle core was shown to strongly influence the thermoresponsiveness through a coupling of intrashell solubility transitions and nanoparticle aggregation. We investigate how a change from linear to cyclic polymer topology affects the thermoresponsiveness of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) brush-grafted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Linear and cyclic polymers with three different molecular weights (7, 18, and 24.5 kg mol-1) on two different core sizes (3.7 and 9.2 nm) and as free polymer were investigated. We observed the critical flocculation temperature (CFT) during temperature cycling dynamic light scattering experiments, the critical solution temperature (CST), and the transition enthalpy per monomer during differential scanning calorimetry measurements. When all conditions are identical, cyclic polymers increase the colloidal stability and the critical flocculation temperature compared to their linear counterparts. Furthermore, the cyclic polymer shows only one uniform transition, while we observe multiple transitions for the linear polymer shells. We link the single transition and higher colloidal stability to the absence in cyclic PiPrOx shells of a dilute outer part where the particle shells can interdigitate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Willinger
- Institute for Biologically Inspired
Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically Inspired
Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wen X, Su Y, Liu G, Li S, Müller AJ, Kumar SK, Wang D. Direct Relationship between Dispersion and Crystallization Behavior in Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(ethylene glycol)- g-Silica Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Wen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dujin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roma E, Corsi P, Willinger M, Leitner NS, Zirbs R, Reimhult E, Capone B, Gasperi T. Theoretical and Experimental Design of Heavy Metal-Mopping Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1386-1397. [PMID: 33389993 PMCID: PMC8021223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we show a comprehensive experimental, theoretical, and computational study aimed at designing macromolecules able to adsorb a cargo at the nanoscale. Specifically, we focus on the adsorption properties of star diblock copolymers, i.e., macromolecules made by a number f of H-T diblock copolymer arms tethered on a central core; the H monomeric heads, which are closer to the tethering point, are attractive toward a specific target, while the T monomeric tails are neutral to the cargo. Experimentally, we exploited the adaptability of poly(2-oxazoline)s (POxs) to realize block copolymer-coated nanoparticles with a proper functionalization able to interact with heavy metals and show or exhibit a thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous solution. We here present the synthesis and analysis of the properties of a high molecular mass block copolymer featured by (i) a polar side chain, capable of exploiting electrostatic and hydrophilic interaction with a predetermined cargo, and (ii) a thermoresponsive scaffold, able to change the interaction with the media by tuning the temperature. Afterward, the obtained polymers were grafted onto iron oxide nanoparticles and the thermoresponsive properties were investigated. Through isothermal titration calorimetry, we then analyzed the adsorption properties of the synthesized superparamagnetic nanoparticles for heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. Additionally, we use a combination of scaling theories and simulations to link equilibrium properties of the system to a prediction of the loading properties as a function of size ratio and effective interactions between the considered species. The comparison between experimental results on adsorption and theoretical prediction validates the whole design process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Roma
- Dipartimento
di Scienze, Universitá degli Studi
Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Pietro Corsi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze, Universitá degli Studi
Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Max Willinger
- Department
of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Simon Leitner
- Department
of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Department
of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department
of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Capone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze, Universitá degli Studi
Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Tecla Gasperi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze, Universitá degli Studi
Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
König N, Willner L, Carlström G, Zinn T, Knudsen KD, Rise F, Topgaard D, Lund R. Spherical Micelles with Nonspherical Cores: Effect of Chain Packing on the Micellar Shape. Macromolecules 2020; 53:10686-10698. [PMID: 33335341 PMCID: PMC7735752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers into micelles is an archetypical example of a "self-confined" system due to the formation of micellar cores with dimensions of a few nanometers. In this work, we investigate the chain packing and resulting shape of C n -PEOx micelles with semicrystalline cores using small/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Interestingly, the n-alkyl chains adopt a rotator-like conformation and pack into prolate ellipses (axial ratio ϵ ≈ 0.5) in the "crystalline" region and abruptly arrange into a more spheroidal shape (ϵ ≈ 0.7) above the melting point. We attribute the distorted spherical shape above the melting point to thermal fluctuations and intrinsic rigidity of the n-alkyl blocks. We also find evidence for a thin dehydrated PEO layer (≤1 nm) close to the micellar core. The results provide substantial insight into the interplay between crystallinity and molecular packing in confinement and the resulting overall micellar shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico König
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute of Biological Information
Processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lutz Willner
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute of Biological Information
Processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Göran Carlström
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Kenneth D. Knudsen
- Department
for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Frode Rise
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Topgaard
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Macromolecular design of folic acid functionalized amylopectin–albumin core–shell nanogels for improved physiological stability and colon cancer cell targeted delivery of curcumin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:561-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
12
|
Krasia-Christoforou T, Socoliuc V, Knudsen KD, Tombácz E, Turcu R, Vékás L. From Single-Core Nanoparticles in Ferrofluids to Multi-Core Magnetic Nanocomposites: Assembly Strategies, Structure, and Magnetic Behavior. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2178. [PMID: 33142887 PMCID: PMC7692798 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magnetoresponsive nanoparticle systems for medical (diagnosis and therapy) and bio-related applications. Multi-core iron oxide nanoparticles with a high magnetic moment and well-defined size, shape, and functional coating are designed to fulfill the specific requirements of various biomedical applications, such as contrast agents, heating mediators, drug targeting, or magnetic bioseparation. This review article summarizes recent results in manufacturing multi-core magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) systems emphasizing the synthesis procedures, starting from ferrofluids (with single-core MNPs) as primary materials in various assembly methods to obtain multi-core magnetic particles. The synthesis and functionalization will be followed by the results of advanced physicochemical, structural, and magnetic characterization of multi-core particles, as well as single- and multi-core particle size distribution, morphology, internal structure, agglomerate formation processes, and constant and variable field magnetic properties. The review provides a comprehensive insight into the controlled synthesis and advanced structural and magnetic characterization of multi-core magnetic composites envisaged for nanomedicine and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Kenneth D. Knudsen
- Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), 2027 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M. Str. 18., H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary;
| | - Rodica Turcu
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Str. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ladislau Vékás
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dahal U, Dormidontova EE. Chain Conformation and Hydration of Polyethylene Oxide Grafted to Gold Nanoparticles: Curvature and Chain Length Effect. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Dahal
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Elena E. Dormidontova
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fractal evolution of dual pH- and temperature-responsive P(NIPAM-co-AA)@BMMs with bimodal mesoporous silica core and coated-copolymer shell during drug delivery procedure via SAXS characterization. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
15
|
Kiani Khouzani M, Bahrami A, Yazdan Mehr M, van Driel WD, Zhang G. Towards Multi-Functional SiO 2@YAG:Ce Core-Shell Optical Nanoparticles for Solid State Lighting Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10010153. [PMID: 31963110 PMCID: PMC7022883 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the synthesis, structure, and optical properties of SiO2@YAG:Ce core-shell optical nanoparticles for solid state lighting applications. YAG:Ce phosphor is a key part in white light emitting diodes (LEDs), with its main functionality being the generation of yellow light. Generated yellow light from phosphor will be combined with blue light, emitted from chip, resulting in the generation of white light. Generated light in LEDs will often be scattered by SiO2 nanoparticles. SiO2 nanoparticles are often distributed within the optical window, aiming for a more homogeneous light output. The main idea in this research is to combine these functionalities in one core-shell particle, with its core being SiO2 and its shell being phosphor. In this study core-shell nanoparticles with different Ce3+ concentrations were synthesized by a sol-gel method. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis, high resolution transmission electron macroscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Luminescence characteristics of SiO2@YAG:Ce core-shell particles were compared with that of SiO2/YAG:Ce mixture composite, which is now used in commercial LEDs. Obtained results showed that core-shell nanoparticles have comparatively much better optical properties, compared to SiO2/YAG:Ce mixture composite and can therefore be potentially used in LEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Kiani Khouzani
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (M.K.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Abbas Bahrami
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (M.K.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Maryam Yazdan Mehr
- Faculty EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (W.D.v.D.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Willem Dirk van Driel
- Faculty EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (W.D.v.D.); (G.Z.)
- Signify, High Tech Campus 48, 5600 JW Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Faculty EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (W.D.v.D.); (G.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Selli D, Motta S, Di Valentin C. Impact of surface curvature, grafting density and solvent type on the PEGylation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:519-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
17
|
Sandler SE, Fellows B, Mefford OT. Best Practices for Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14159-14169. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Sandler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Benjamin Fellows
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - O. Thompson Mefford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Selli D, Tawfilas M, Mauri M, Simonutti R, Di Valentin C. Optimizing PEGylation of TiO 2 Nanocrystals through a Combined Experimental and Computational Study. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:7531-7546. [PMID: 31875864 PMCID: PMC6924593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PEGylation of metal oxide nanoparticles is the common approach to improve their biocompatibility and in vivo circulation time. In this work, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study to determine the operating condition that guarantee very high grafting densities, which are desirable in any biomedical application. Moreover, we present an insightful conformational analysis spanning different coverage regimes and increasing polymer chain lengths. Based on 13C NMR measurements and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that classical and popular models of polymer conformation on surfaces fail in determining the mushroom-to-brush transition point and prove that it actually takes place only at rather high grafting density values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Selli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Tawfilas
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Mauri
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Do depletant stabilized water-in-oil microemulsions have implications for nanoencapsulation? Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Reimhult E, Schroffenegger M, Lassenberger A. Design Principles for Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Controlling Thermal Transitions by Brush Morphology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7092-7104. [PMID: 31035760 PMCID: PMC6551573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this feature article, we summarize our recent work on understanding and controlling the thermal behavior of nanoparticles grafted with thermoresponsive polymer shells. Precision synthesis of monodisperse superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals was combined with irreversible dense grafting of nitrodopamide-anchored thermoresponsive polymer chains. We provide an overview of how the dense and stable grafting of biomedically relevant polymers, including poly(ethylene glycol), poly( N-isopropylacrylamide), polysarcosin, and polyoxazolines, can be achieved. This platform has made it possible for us to demonstrate that the polymer brush geometry, as defined by the nanoparticle core and relative polymer brush size, determines the thermal transitions of the polymer brush. We furthermore summarize our work on how the polymer shell transitions and nanoparticle aggregation can be tuned. With the independent variation of the core and the shell, we can optimize and precisely control the thermally controlled solubility of our system. Finally, our feature article gives examples relevant to current and future applications. We show how the thermal response of the shell influences the nanoparticle performance in biological fluids and interactions with proteins and cells, also under purely magnetic actuation of the nanoparticles through the superparamagnetic iron oxide core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Reimhult
- Institute
for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Schroffenegger
- Institute
for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barteau KP, Ma K, Kohle FF, Gardinier TC, Beaucage PA, Gillilan RE, Wiesner U. Quantitative Measure of the Size Dispersity in Ultrasmall Fluorescent Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles by Small-angle X-ray Scattering. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:643-657. [PMID: 30886456 PMCID: PMC6420223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was performed on dispersions of ultrasmall (d < 10 nm) fluorescent organic-inorganic hybrid core-shell silica nanoparticles synthesized in aqueous solutions (C' dots) by using an oscillating flow cell to overcome beam induced particle degradation. Form factor analysis and fitting was used to determine the size and size dispersity of the internal silica core containing covalently encapsulated fluorophores. The structure of the organic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell was modelled as a monodisperse corona containing concentrated and semi-dilute regimes of decaying density and as a simple polydisperse shell to determine the bounds of dispersity in the overall hybrid particle. C' dots containing single growth step silica cores have dispersities of 0.19-0.21; growth of additional silica shells onto the core produces a thin, dense silica layer, and increases the dispersity to 0.22-0.23. Comparison to FCS and DLS measures of size shows good agreement with SAXS measured and modelled sizes and size dispersities. Finally, comparison of a set of same sized and purified particles demonstrates that SAXS is sensitive to the skewness of the gel permeation chromatography elugrams of the original as-made materials. These and other insights provided by quantitative SAXS assessments may become useful for generation of robust nanoparticle design criteria necessary for their successful and safe use, for example in nanomedicine and oncology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P. Barteau
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Ferdinand F.E. Kohle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Thomas C. Gardinier
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Peter A. Beaucage
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | | | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wen X, Su Y, Shui Y, Zhao W, Müller AJ, Wang D. Correlation between Grafting Density and Confined Crystallization Behavior of Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafted to Silica. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Wen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yudan Shui
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque
Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dujin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yi HL, Hua CC. Peculiar Aggregation Features in Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/Chlorobenzene Solutions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Liou Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Hua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tian Y, Kelarakis A, Li L, Zhao F, Wang Y, Wang W, Yang Q, Ye Z, Guo X. Facile Fluorescence "Turn on" Sensing of Lead Ions in Water via Carbon Nanodots Immobilized in Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes. Front Chem 2018; 6:470. [PMID: 30356747 PMCID: PMC6189401 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal detection has become very important for the protection of water resource. In this work, a novel controllable probe is presented for the sensitive detection of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. The probe was synthesized via the immobilization of surface functionalized carbon dots (named as CAEA-Hs) into the shell of the spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB). The fluorescence of CAEA-H was firstly "turned off" via electrostatic interaction induced quenching. Based on the aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE), the fluorescence of the immobilized CAEA-H could be specifically turned on via the aggregation of the SPB particles. This fluorescence "turn on" sensor could selectively detect Pb2+ among five different metal ions with a relatively wide detecting range (0-1.67 mM) and good linear relationship (R 2 = 0.9958). Moreover, the aggregating behavior and nano-structure of CAEA-H loaded SPB have been systematically analyzed via small angle X-ray scattering, turbidity titration, and Zeta-potential measurement. Based on a series of control experiments, we finally gain an insight into the sensing mechanism of this novel sensing probe. This contributed a proof of concept demonstration that sensitive and selective chemical detection can be achieved via a C-dot/SPB synergistic platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Tian
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonios Kelarakis
- School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Li Li
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwei Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qingsong Yang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishuang Ye
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schroffenegger M, Reimhult E. Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Does Core Size Matter? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1654. [PMID: 30205481 PMCID: PMC6163620 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles grafted with a dense brush of hydrophilic polymers exhibit high colloidal stability. However, reversible aggregation can be triggered by an increase in temperature if the polymer is thermoresponsive, as the polymer shell partly loses its hydration. We investigate the role of nanoparticle curvature on the critical solution temperature (CST) of grafted poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) and critical flocculation temperature (CFT) of the core-shell nanoparticle dispersion. Cores with diameters ranging from 5 to 21 nm were studied by temperature-cycled dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry over a large range of concentrations. We show that core size and curvature only have a minor influence on particle aggregation (CFT and cluster size), while they have major influence on the CST of the polymer shell. The densely grafted shells exhibit three distinct solvation transitions, the relative contributions of each is controlled by the core curvature. We link these transitions to different polymer density regimes within the spherical brush and demonstrate that the CST of the innermost part of the brush coincides with the CFT of the particle dispersion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schroffenegger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erik Reimhult
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Razza N, Rizza G, Coulon PE, Didier L, Fadda GC, Voit B, Synytska A, Grützmacher H, Sangermano M. Enabling the synthesis of homogeneous or Janus hairy nanoparticles through surface photoactivation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14492-14498. [PMID: 30022204 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) homogeneously covered with polymer chains or with chains of two different polymers segregated in distinct domains ("Janus" particles) possess remarkable features. Their unique colloidal properties can be finely tuned by the grafted polymers while the characteristics of the nano-core remain unaffected. Herein, a simple and robust photochemical approach is reported to synthesize, from 50 nm cores, homogeneous and Janus "hairy" nanoparticles with hydrophilic and amphiphilic properties, respectively. This is achieved by using a surface-anchored bis(acyl)phosphane oxide photoinitiator which allows a spatially controlled surface-initiated photopolymerization at room temperature. Homogeneous and Janus hairy nanoparticles dispersed in water have very different interaction behaviours which are directly visualized by in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy and confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering from a statistically relevant number of particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Razza
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dahal U, Wang Z, Dormidontova EE. Hydration of Spherical PEO-Grafted Gold Nanoparticles: Curvature and Grafting Density Effect. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Dahal
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zilu Wang
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Elena E. Dormidontova
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Michalek L, Barner L, Barner-Kowollik C. Polymer on Top: Current Limits and Future Perspectives of Quantitatively Evaluating Surface Grafting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706321. [PMID: 29512237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined polymer strands covalently tethered onto solid substrates determine the properties of the resulting functional interface. Herein, the current approaches to determine quantitative grafting densities are assessed. Based on a brief introduction into the key theories describing polymer brush regimes, a user's guide is provided to estimating maximum chain coverage and-importantly-examine the most frequently employed approaches for determining grafting densities, i.e., dry thickness measurements, gravimetric assessment, and swelling experiments. An estimation of the reliability of these determination methods is provided via carefully evaluating their assumptions and assessing the stability of the underpinning equations. A practical access guide for comparatively and quantitatively evaluating the reliability of a given approach is thus provided, enabling the field to critically judge experimentally determined grafting densities and to avoid the reporting of grafting densities that fall outside the physically realistic parameter space. The assessment is concluded with a perspective on the development of advanced approaches for determination of grafting density, in particular, on single-chain methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Role of Chain Molecular Weight and Hofmeister Series Ions in Thermal Aggregation of Poly(2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline) Grafted Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040451. [PMID: 30966486 PMCID: PMC6415256 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive nanoparticles are promising smart materials for many applications. However, a rational design for applications requires a deeper understanding and experimental verification of the various parameters that influence the thermoresponsiveness of the spherical polymer brushes that define most of such nanomaterials. Therefore, we investigate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) grafted with poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (6–33 kg mol−1) by temperature-cycled dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. The grafting of dense spherical polymer brushes leads to lower aggregation temperatures and transition enthalpies when compared with the free polymer. The transition enthalpy and temperature depend on the polymer shell size and structure. The addition of kosmotropic salts decreases the aggregation temperature following the Hofmeister series.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang T, Li L, Ye Z, Yang Q, Tian Y, Guo X. Preparation and characterization of Ag–Pd bimetallic nano-catalysts in thermosensitive microgel nano-reactor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18252-18259. [PMID: 35541123 PMCID: PMC9080592 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive microgels consisting of a solid core of polystyrene and a shell of cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) were synthesized as nano-reactors, in which Ag–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles were prepared through simultaneous in situ reduction reaction. The spatial distribution of metallic nanoparticles in the microgels was analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and the results indicated that metal nanoparticles were mainly located in the inner layer of microgels. The catalytic activity of Ag–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles was investigated using the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol by NaBH4 as model reaction. The data demonstrated that Ag–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles showed enhanced catalytic activity compared to each monometallic nanoparticle alone and their catalytic activity was controllable by temperature due to the volume transition of PNIPA microgels. Thermosensitive microgels with PS core and cross-linked PNIPA shell were synthesized as nano-reactor to prepare Ag–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 200237 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 200237 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Zhishuang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 200237 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 200237 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 200237 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 200237 Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kurzhals S, Schroffenegger M, Gal N, Zirbs R, Reimhult E. Influence of Grafted Block Copolymer Structure on Thermoresponsiveness of Superparamagnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:1435-1444. [PMID: 29161516 PMCID: PMC5954351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
morphology and topology of thermoresponsive polymers have a
strong impact on their responsive properties. Grafting onto spherical
particles has been shown to reduce responsiveness and transition temperatures;
grafting of block copolymers has shown that switchable or retained
wettability of a surface or particle during desolvation of one block
can take place. Here, doubly thermoresponsive block copolymers were
grafted onto spherical, monodisperse, and superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles to investigate the effect of thermal desolvation on
spherical brushes of block copolymers. By inverting the block order,
the influence of core proximity on the responsive properties of the
individual blocks could be studied as well as their relative influence
on the nanoparticle colloidal stability. The inner block was shown
to experience a stronger reduction in transition temperature and transition
enthalpy compared to the outer block. Still, the outer block also
experiences a significant reduction in responsiveness due to the restricted
environment in the nanoparticle shell compared to that of the free
polymer state. The demonstrated pronounced distance dependence importantly
implies the possibility, but also the necessity, to radially tailor
polymer hydration transitions for applications such as drug delivery,
hyperthermia, and biotechnological separation for which thermally
responsive nanoparticles are being developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kurzhals
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Martina Schroffenegger
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Noga Gal
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kurzhals S, Gal N, Zirbs R, Reimhult E. Aggregation of thermoresponsive core-shell nanoparticles: Influence of particle concentration, dispersant molecular weight and grafting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 500:321-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Morgese G, Shirmardi Shaghasemi B, Causin V, Zenobi-Wong M, Ramakrishna SN, Reimhult E, Benetti EM. Next-Generation Polymer Shells for Inorganic Nanoparticles are Highly Compact, Ultra-Dense, and Long-Lasting Cyclic Brushes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology; Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration Laboratory; ETH Zürich; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Behzad Shirmardi Shaghasemi
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials; Department of Nanobiotechnology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
| | - Valerio Causin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration Laboratory; ETH Zürich; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials; Department of Nanobiotechnology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology; Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Morgese G, Shirmardi Shaghasemi B, Causin V, Zenobi-Wong M, Ramakrishna SN, Reimhult E, Benetti EM. Next-Generation Polymer Shells for Inorganic Nanoparticles are Highly Compact, Ultra-Dense, and Long-Lasting Cyclic Brushes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4507-4511. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology; Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration Laboratory; ETH Zürich; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Behzad Shirmardi Shaghasemi
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials; Department of Nanobiotechnology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
| | - Valerio Causin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration Laboratory; ETH Zürich; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials; Department of Nanobiotechnology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology; Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kurzhals S, Gal N, Zirbs R, Reimhult E. Controlled aggregation and cell uptake of thermoresponsive polyoxazoline-grafted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2793-2805. [PMID: 28155937 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are potential materials for a plethora of applications in the biotechnological field. Typical such polymers, e.g. dextran or poly(ethylene glycol), lack the ability to tailor the biological response to an environmental trigger, while common responsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) or poly(acrylic acid) are not suitable for biomedical applications. We present the synthesis and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with thermoresponsive polyoxazoline brushes grafted at unprecedented density using nitrodopamine anchor chemistry. Reversible aggregation/deaggregation is observed in water and biological medium, confirming control over the colloidal stability. Thermal switching of the solubility could only be achieved by global heating of the sample, while local magnetothermal heating did not produce a sufficiently strong temperature gradient through the brush. Varying the polymer composition allows for tuning of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) as well as the average nanoparticle cluster size obtained upon heating. The LCST of polyoxazolines and the thermal colloidal stability are shown to be greatly affected by ion concentration, by polymer grafting density and also by the presence of serum protein; this shows that transition temperatures of free polymers in water can be very misleading for the design of polymer-coated nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Finally, the thermoresponsive SPION are shown to be non-cytotoxic and with a low cell uptake scaling with the hydration of the polymer brush, which is tuned by the polymer composition. Thus, we demonstrate that pozylated nanoparticles provide the advantages of PEG- and PNIPAM-grafted nanoparticles, but provide a tunable and more easily functionalizable platform for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kurzhals
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Noga Gal
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically inspired materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lassenberger A, Scheberl A, Stadlbauer A, Stiglbauer A, Helbich T, Reimhult E. Individually Stabilized, Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles with Controlled Shell and Size Leading to Exceptional Stealth Properties and High Relaxivities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3343-3353. [PMID: 28071883 PMCID: PMC5290491 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have received immense interest for biomedical applications, with the first clinical application as negative contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the first generation MRI contrast agents with dextran-enwrapped, polydisperse iron oxide nanoparticle clusters are limited to imaging of the liver and spleen; this is related to their poor colloidal stability in biological media and inability to evade clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. We investigate the qualitatively different performance of a new generation of individually PEG-grafted core-shell SPION in terms of relaxivity and cell uptake and compare them to benchmark iron oxide contrast agents. These PEG-grafted SPION uniquely enable relaxivity measurements in aqueous suspension without aggregation even at 9.4 T magnetic fields due to their extraordinary colloidal stability. This allows for determination of the size-dependent scaling of relaxivity, which is shown to follow a d2 dependence for identical core-shell structures. The here introduced core-shell SPION with ∼15 nm core diameter yield a higher R2 relaxivity than previous clinically used contrast agents as well as previous generations of individually stabilized SPION. The colloidal stability extends to control over evasion of macrophage clearance and stimulated uptake by SPION functionalized with protein ligands, which is a key requirement for targeted MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lassenberger
- Department of Nanobiotechnology,
Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Scheberl
- Department of Nanobiotechnology,
Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Stadlbauer
- Department of Biomedical
Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender
Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, University
of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Stiglbauer
- Department of Biomedical
Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender
Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Helbich
- Department of Biomedical
Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender
Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology,
Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gal N, Lassenberger A, Herrero-Nogareda L, Scheberl A, Charwat V, Kasper C, Reimhult E. Interaction of Size-Tailored PEGylated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Lipid Membranes and Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:249-259. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Gal
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Lassenberger
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laia Herrero-Nogareda
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Scheberl
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lassenberger A, Bixner O, Gruenewald T, Lichtenegger H, Zirbs R, Reimhult E. Evaluation of High-Yield Purification Methods on Monodisperse PEG-Grafted Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4259-69. [PMID: 27046133 PMCID: PMC4868375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental research on nanoparticle (NP) interactions and development of next-generation biomedical NP applications relies on synthesis of monodisperse, functional, core-shell nanoparticles free of residual dispersants with truly homogeneous and controlled physical properties. Still, synthesis and purification of e.g. such superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs remain a challenge. Comparing the success of different methods is marred by the sensitivity of analysis methods to the purity of the product. We synthesize monodisperse, oleic acid (OA)-capped, Fe3O4 NPs in the superparamagnetic size range (3-10 nm). Ligand exchange of OA for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was performed with the PEG irreversibly grafted to the NP surface by a nitrodopamine (NDA) anchor. Four different methods were investigated to remove excess ligands and residual OA: membrane centrifugation, dialysis, size exclusion chromatography, and precipitation combined with magnetic decantation. Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to determine the purity of samples after each purification step. Importantly, only magnetic decantation yielded pure NPs at high yields with sufficient grafting density for biomedical applications (∼1 NDA-PEG(5 kDa)/nm(2), irrespective of size). The purified NPs withstand challenging tests such as temperature cycling in serum and long-term storage in biological buffers. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering show stability over at least 4 months also in serum. The successful synthesis and purification route is compatible with any conceivable functionalization for biomedical or biomaterial applications of PEGylated Fe3O4 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lassenberger
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Bixner
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilman Gruenewald
- Department
of Material Science and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Department
of Material Science and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tian Y, Li L, Han H, Wang W, Wang Y, Ye Z, Guo X. Modification of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes by Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly as Observed by Small Angle X-ray Scattering. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E145. [PMID: 30979238 PMCID: PMC6432364 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilayer modified spherical polyelectrolyte brushes were prepared through alternate deposition of positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and negatively charged poly-l-aspartic acid (PAsp) onto negatively charged spherical poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes (SPBs) on a poly(styrene) core. The charge reversal determined by the zeta potential indicated the success of layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition. The change of the structure during the construction of multilayer modified SPBs was observed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS results indicated that some PAH chains were able to penetrate into the PAA brush for the PAA-PAH double-layer modified SPBs whereas part of the PAH moved towards the outer layer when the PAsp layer was loaded to form a PAA-PAH-PAsp triple-layer system. The multilayer modified SPBs were stable upon changing the pH (5 to 9) and ionic strength (1 to 100 mM). The triple-layer modified SPBs were more tolerated to high pH (even at 11) compared to the double-layer ones. SAXS is proved to be a powerful tool for studying the inner structure of multilayer modified SPBs, which can establish guidelines for the a range of potential applications of multilayer modified SPBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Tian
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Li Li
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haoya Han
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Weihua Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yunwei Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhishuang Ye
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Bingtuan of Materials Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maskey S, Lane JMD, Perahia D, Grest GS. Structure of Rigid Polymers Confined to Nanoparticles: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Insight. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2102-2109. [PMID: 26844821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) grafted with organic layers form hybrids able to retain their unique properties through integration into the mesoscopic scale. The organic layer structure and response often determine the functionality of the hybrids on the mesoscopic length scale. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we probe the conformation of luminescent rigid polymers, dialkyl poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPE), end-grafted onto a silica nanoparticle in different solvents as the molecular weights and polymer coverages are varied. We find that, in contrast to NP-grafted flexible polymers, the chains are fully extended independent of the solvent. In toluene and decane, which are good solvents, the grafted PPEs chains assume a similar conformation to that observed in dilute solutions. In water, which is a poor solvent for the PPEs, the polymer chains form one large cluster but remain extended. The radial distribution of the chains around the core of the nanoparticle is homogeneous in good solvents, whereas in poor solvents clusters are formed independent of molecular weights and coverages. The clustering is distinctively different from the response of grafted flexible and semiflexible polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Maskey
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - J Matthew D Lane
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Klonos P, Kyritsis A, Pissis P. Interfacial and confined dynamics of PDMS adsorbed at the interfaces and in the pores of silica–gel: Effects of surface modification and thermal annealing. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Blin T, Kakinen A, Pilkington EH, Ivask A, Ding F, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Ke PC, Davis TP. Synthesis and in vitro properties of iron oxide nanoparticles grafted with brushed phosphorylcholine and polyethylene glycol. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py02024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new and facile strategy for grafting IONPs by phosphonic acic terminated PC brushes has been demonstrated and characterized in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Emily H. Pilkington
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kurzhals S, Zirbs R, Reimhult E. Synthesis and Magneto-Thermal Actuation of Iron Oxide Core-PNIPAM Shell Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19342-52. [PMID: 26270412 PMCID: PMC4559841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been proposed for many applications in biotechnology and medicine. In this paper, it is demonstrated how the excellent colloidal stability and magnetic properties of monodisperse and individually densely grafted iron oxide nanoparticles can be used to manipulate reversibly the solubility of nanoparticles with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)nitrodopamine shell. "Grafting-to" and "grafting-from" methods for synthesis of an irreversibly anchored brush shell to monodisperse, oleic acid coated iron oxide cores are compared. Thereafter, it is shown that local heating by magnetic fields as well as global thermal heating can be used to efficiently and reversibly aggregate, magnetically extract nanoparticles from solution and spontaneously redisperse them. The coupling of magnetic and thermally responsive properties points to novel uses as smart materials, for example, in integrated devices for molecular separation and extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kurzhals
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|