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Kim J, Johnson DH, Bharucha TS, Yoo JM, Zeno WF. Graphene Quantum Dots Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Membranes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5597-5608. [PMID: 39032174 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular environments leads to oxidative stress, which underlies numerous diseases, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Oxidative stress can be particularly damaging to biological membranes such as those found in mitochondria, which are abundant with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Oxidation of these biological membranes results in concomitant disruption of membrane structure and function, which ultimately leads to cellular dysfunction. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered significant interest as a therapeutic agent for numerous diseases that are linked to oxidative stress. Specifically, GQDs have demonstrated an ability to protect mitochondrial structure and function under oxidative stress conditions. However, the fundamental mechanisms by which GQDs interact with membranes in oxidative environments are poorly understood. Here, we used C11-BODIPY, a fluorescent lipid oxidation probe, to develop quantitative fluorescence assays that determine both the extent and rate of oxidation that occurs to PUFAs in biological membranes. Based on kinetics principles, we have developed a generalizable model that can be used to assess the potency of antioxidants that scavenge ROS in the presence of biological membranes. By augmenting our fluorescence assays with 1H NMR spectroscopy, the results demonstrate that GQDs scavenge nascent hydroxyl and peroxyl ROS that interact with membranes and that GQDs are potent inhibitors of ROS-induced lipid oxidation in PUFA-containing biological membranes. The antioxidant potency of GQDs is comparable to or even greater than established antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbic acid and Trolox. This work provides mechanistic insights into the mitoprotective properties of GQDs under oxidative stress conditions, as well as a quantitative framework for assessing antioxidant interactions in biological membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - David H Johnson
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Trushita S Bharucha
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Je Min Yoo
- Chaperone Ventures LLC., Los Angeles, California 90005, United States
| | - Wade F Zeno
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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2
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Abdel Halim AS, Ali MAM, Inam F, Alhalwan AM, Daoush WM. Fe 3O 4-Coated CNTs-Gum Arabic Nano-Hybrid Composites Exhibit Enhanced Anti-Leukemia Potency Against AML Cells via ROS-Mediated Signaling. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7323-7352. [PMID: 39055376 PMCID: PMC11269411 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s467733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies on magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cytotoxic effects against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are inconclusive rather than definitive. Purpose Investigation of the effects of Gum Arabic (GA)-stabilized/destabilized Fe3O4 NPs and CNTs, alone or in combination, on AML cell proliferation. Methods Hybrid NPs were synthesized, characterized, and assessed for their cytotoxicity against Kasumi-1, HL-60, and THP-1 in comparison to normal primary bone marrow CD34+ cells. The molecular pathways of nanostructures' cytotoxicity were also investigated. Results The Fe3O4 NPs were effectively synthesized and attached to the surface of the CNTs, resulting in the formation of a novel hybrid through their interaction with the GA colloidal solution in an aqueous media. Although the evaluated nanostructured nanoparticles had significant growth suppression ability against the leukemia cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 42.437 to 189.842 μg/mL, they exhibited comparatively modest toxicity towards normal hematopoietic cells (IC50: 113.529‒162.656 μg/mL). The incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs with CNTs in a hybrid nanocomposite significantly improved their effectiveness against leukemia cells, with the extent of improvement varying depending on the specific cell type. The nanostructured particles were stabilized by GA, which enhances their ability to inhibit cell proliferation in a manner that depends on the specific cell type. Also, nanoparticles exhibit cytotoxicity due to their capacity to stimulate the production of intracellular ROS, halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and induce apoptosis. This is supported by the activation of p53, BAX, cytochrome C, and caspase-3, which are triggered by ROS. The nanostructures lead to an increase in the expression of genes encoding proteins related to oxidative stress (SIRT1, FOXO3, NFE2L2, and MAP3K5) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKN1A and CDKN1B) in response to ROS. Conclusion We provide an effective Fe3O4 NPs/CNTs nano-hybrid composite that induces apoptosis and has strong anti-leukemic capabilities. This hybrid nanocomposite is promising for in vivo testing and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa S Abdel Halim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Inam
- Department of Engineering and Computing, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London, London, UK
- Executive Principal Office, Oxford Business College, Oxford, OX1 2EP, UK
| | - Abdulrahman M Alhalwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid M Daoush
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Cairo, 11281, Egypt
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Rezaei A, Izadi R, Fantuzzi N. A Hierarchical Nano to Micro Scale Modelling of 3D Printed Nano-Reinforced Polylactic Acid: Micropolar Modelling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1113. [PMID: 38998718 PMCID: PMC11243012 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technique widely used for rapid prototyping. This method facilitates the creation of parts with intricate geometries, making it suitable for advanced applications in fields such as tissue engineering, aerospace, and electronics. Despite its advantages, FDM often results in the formation of voids between the deposited filaments, which can compromise mechanical properties. However, in some cases, such as the design of scaffolds for bone regeneration, increased porosity can be advantageous as it allows for better permeability. On the other hand, the introduction of nano-additives into the FDM material enhances design flexibility and can significantly improve the mechanical properties. Therefore, modelling FDM-produced components involves complexities at two different scales: nanoscales and microscales. Material deformation is primarily influenced by atomic-scale phenomena, especially with nanoscopic constituents, whereas the distribution of nano-reinforcements and FDM-induced heterogeneities lies at the microscale. This work presents multiscale modelling that bridges the nano and microscales to predict the mechanical properties of FDM-manufactured components. At the nanoscale, molecular dynamic simulations unravel the atomistic intricacies that dictate the behaviour of the base material containing nanoscopic reinforcements. Simulations are conducted on polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA reinforced with silver nanoparticles, with the properties derived from MD simulations transferred to the microscale model. At the microscale, non-classical micropolar theory is utilised, which can account for materials' heterogeneity through internal scale parameters while avoiding direct discretization. The developed mechanical model offers a comprehensive framework for designing 3D-printed PLA nanocomposites with tailored mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdolMajid Rezaei
- Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Razie Izadi
- Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicholas Fantuzzi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Roy A, Healey CP, Larm NE, Ishtaweera P, Roca M, Baker GA. The Huge Role of Tiny Impurities in Nanoscale Synthesis. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2024; 4:176-193. [PMID: 38912288 PMCID: PMC11191736 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is vital to many current industries, including electronics, energy, textiles, agriculture, and theranostics. Understanding the chemical mechanisms of nanomaterial synthesis has contributed to the tunability of their unique properties, although studies frequently overlook the potential impact of impurities. Impurities can show adverse effects, clouding the interpretation of results or limiting the practical utility of the nanomaterial. On the other hand, as successful doping has demonstrated, the intentional introduction of impurities can be a powerful tool for enhancing the properties of a nanomaterial. This Review examines the complex role of impurities, unintentionally or intentionally added, during nanoscale synthesis and their effects on the performance and usefulness of the most common classes of nanomaterials: nanocarbons, noble metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, thermoelectrics, and perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angira Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ciaran P. Healey
- Chemistry
Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866, United States
| | - Nathaniel E. Larm
- Department
of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Piyuni Ishtaweera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Maryuri Roca
- Chemistry
Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Rele S, Thakur CK, Khan F, Baral B, Saini V, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN, Jha HC. Curcumin coating: a novel solution to mitigate inherent carbon nanotube toxicity. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:24. [PMID: 38526738 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) are inert structures with high aspect ratios that are widely used as vehicles for targeted drug delivery in cancer and many other diseases. They are largely non-toxic in nature however, when cells are exposed to these nanotubes for prolonged durations or at high concentrations, they show certain adverse effects. These include cytotoxicity, inflammation, generation of oxidative stress, and genotoxicity among others. To combat such adverse effects, various moieties can be attached to the surface of these nanotubes. Curcumin is a known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytoprotective compound derived from a medicinal plant called Curcuma longa. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized Curcumin coated-lysine functionalized MWCNTs and further evaluated the cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect of Curcumin coating on the surface of MWCNTs. The results show a significant decrease in the level of inflammatory molecules like IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNFα and NFκB in cells exposed to Curcumin-coated MWCNTs as compared to the uncoated ones at both transcript and protein levels. Further, compared to the uncoated samples, there is a reduction in ROS production and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme-Catalase in the cells treated with Curcumin-coated MWCNTs. Curcumin coating also helped in recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential in the cells exposed to MWCNTs. Lastly, cells exposed to Curcumin-coated MWCNTs showed reduced cell death as compared to the ones exposed to uncoated MWCNTs. Our findings suggest that coating of Curcumin on the surface of MWCNTs reduces its ability to cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Rele
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India
| | - Chanchal Kiran Thakur
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, MP, 484887, India
| | - Fatima Khan
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, MP, 484887, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India
| | - Vaishali Saini
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, MP, 484887, India
| | - N S Hari Narayana Moorthy
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, MP, 484887, India.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, MP, 453552, India.
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Romo-Ávila SL, Márquez-Ruíz D, Guirado-López RA. ClO-driven degradation of graphene oxide: new insights from DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:830-841. [PMID: 38099823 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
We present an extensive investigation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations on various model graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures interacting with chlorine monoxide ClO, aiming to understand the role of this highly oxidizing species in C-C bond breakage and the formation of significant holes on GO sheets. During its function, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme abundantly generates chlorine-oxygen-containing species and their presence has been identified as the cause of degradation in carbon nanotubes of diverse sizes, morphologies, and chemical compositions, both in in vivo and in vitro samples. Notably, Kurapati et al. (Small, 2015, 11, 3985-3994) demonstrated efficient degradation of single GO monolayers through MPO catalysis, though the exact degradation mechanism remains unclear. In our study, we discover that breaking C-C bonds in a single graphene oxide sheet is achievable through a simple mechanism involving the dissociation of two ClO molecules that are chemically attached as nearest neighbor species but bonded to opposite sides of the GO layer (up/down configuration). Two new carbonyl oxygens appear on the surface and the Cl atoms can be transferred to the carbon layer or as physisorbed species near the GO surface. Relatively small energy barriers are associated with these molecular events. Continuing this process on neighboring sites leads to the presence of larger holes on the GO surface, accompanied by an increase in carbonyl species on the carbon network, consistent with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Indeed, the distribution of oxygen functionalities is found to be crucial in defining the damage pattern induced in the carbon layer. We emphasize the important role played by the local charge distribution in the stability or instability of chemical bonds, as well as in the energy barriers and reaction pathways. Finally, we explore the possibility of achieving chlorination of GO following MPO exposure. The here-reported predictions could be the root cause of the experimentally observed low stability of individual GO sheets during the MPO catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Romo-Ávila
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78000, Mexico.
| | - D Márquez-Ruíz
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78000, Mexico.
| | - R A Guirado-López
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78000, Mexico.
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7
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Muñiz-García A, Pichardo AH, Littlewood J, Tasker S, Sharkey J, Wilm B, Peace H, O'Callaghan D, Green M, Taylor A, Murray P. Near infrared conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPN™) for tracking cells using fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5520-5528. [PMID: 37822909 PMCID: PMC10563848 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the biodistribution of cell therapies is crucial for understanding their safety and efficacy. Optical imaging techniques are particularly useful for tracking cells due to their clinical translatability and potential for intra-operative use to validate cell delivery. However, there is a lack of appropriate optical probes for cell tracking. The only FDA-approved material for clinical use is indocyanine green (ICG). ICG can be used for both fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, but is prone to photodegradation, and at higher concentrations, undergoes quenching and can adversely affect cell health. We have developed novel near-infrared imaging probes comprising conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs™) that can be fine-tuned to absorb and emit light at specific wavelengths. To compare the performance of the CPNs™ with ICG for in vivo cell tracking, labelled mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were injected subcutaneously in mice and detected using fluorescence imaging (FI) and a form of photoacoustic imaging called multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). MSCs labelled with either ICG or CPN™ 770 could be detected with FI, but only CPN™ 770-labelled MSCs could be detected with MSOT. These results show that CPNs™ show great promise for tracking cells in vivo using optical imaging techniques, and for some applications, out-perform ICG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñiz-García
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Alejandra Hernandez Pichardo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - James Littlewood
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- iThera Medical GmbH Munich Germany
| | - Suzannah Tasker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | | | | | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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8
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Kim SD, Kim K, Shin M. Recent advances in 3D printable conductive hydrogel inks for neural engineering. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:41. [PMID: 37679589 PMCID: PMC10484881 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the 3D printing of conductive hydrogels has undergone remarkable advances in the fabrication of complex and functional structures. In the field of neural engineering, an increasing number of reports have been published on tissue engineering and bioelectronic approaches over the last few years. The convergence of 3D printing methods and electrically conducting hydrogels may create new clinical and therapeutic possibilities for precision regenerative medicine and implants. In this review, we summarize (i) advancements in preparation strategies for conductive materials, (ii) various printing techniques enabling the fabrication of electroconductive hydrogels, (iii) the required physicochemical properties of the printed constructs, (iv) their applications in bioelectronics and tissue regeneration for neural engineering, and (v) unconventional approaches and outlooks for the 3D printing of conductive hydrogels. This review provides technical insights into 3D printable conductive hydrogels and encompasses recent developments, specifically over the last few years of research in the neural engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Dong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungryong Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Ziai Y, Zargarian SS, Rinoldi C, Nakielski P, Sola A, Lanzi M, Truong YB, Pierini F. Conducting polymer-based nanostructured materials for brain-machine interfaces. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1895. [PMID: 37141863 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As scientists discovered that raw neurological signals could translate into bioelectric information, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) for experimental and clinical studies have experienced massive growth. Developing suitable materials for bioelectronic devices to be used for real-time recording and data digitalizing has three important necessitates which should be covered. Biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and having mechanical properties similar to soft brain tissue to decrease mechanical mismatch should be adopted for all materials. In this review, inorganic nanoparticles and intrinsically conducting polymers are discussed to impart electrical conductivity to systems, where soft materials such as hydrogels can offer reliable mechanical properties and a biocompatible substrate. Interpenetrating hydrogel networks offer more mechanical stability and provide a path for incorporating polymers with desired properties into one strong network. Promising fabrication methods, like electrospinning and additive manufacturing, allow scientists to customize designs for each application and reach the maximum potential for the system. In the near future, it is desired to fabricate biohybrid conducting polymer-based interfaces loaded with cells, giving the opportunity for simultaneous stimulation and regeneration. Developing multi-modal BMIs, Using artificial intelligence and machine learning to design advanced materials are among the future goals for this field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Ziai
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonella Sola
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing Business Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yen Bach Truong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing Business Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Xuan L, Ju Z, Skonieczna M, Zhou P, Huang R. Nanoparticles-induced potential toxicity on human health: Applications, toxicity mechanisms, and evaluation models. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e327. [PMID: 37457660 PMCID: PMC10349198 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have become one of the most popular objects of scientific study during the past decades. However, despite wealth of study reports, still there is a gap, particularly in health toxicology studies, underlying mechanisms, and related evaluation models to deeply understanding the NPs risk effects. In this review, we first present a comprehensive landscape of the applications of NPs on health, especially addressing the role of NPs in medical diagnosis, therapy. Then, the toxicity of NPs on health systems is introduced. We describe in detail the effects of NPs on various systems, including respiratory, nervous, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems, and the carcinogenicity of NPs. Furthermore, we unravels the underlying mechanisms of NPs including ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle, and epigenetic regulation. In addition, the classical study models such as cell lines and mice and the emerging models such as 3D organoids used for evaluating the toxicity or scientific study are both introduced. Overall, this review presents a critical summary and evaluation of the state of understanding of NPs, giving readers more better understanding of the NPs toxicology to remedy key gaps in knowledge and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthXiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthXiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and EngineeringInstitute of Automatic ControlSilesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyDepartment of Radiation BiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthXiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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11
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Kandhola G, Park S, Lim JW, Chivers C, Song YH, Chung JH, Kim J, Kim JW. Nanomaterial-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review on Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocellulose. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:411-433. [PMID: 37060487 PMCID: PMC10219911 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale biomaterials have garnered immense interest in the scientific community in the recent decade. This review specifically focuses on the application of three nanomaterials, i.e., graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanocellulose (cellulose nanocrystals or CNCs and cellulose nanofibers or CNFs), in regenerating different types of tissues, including skin, cartilage, nerve, muscle and bone. Their excellent inherent (and tunable) physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties make them suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications, including but not limited to diagnostics, therapeutics, biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A state-of-the-art literature review of composite tissue scaffolds fabricated using these nanomaterials is provided, including the unique physicochemical properties and mechanisms that induce cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation into specific tissues. In addition, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects and biodegradation behavior of these nanomaterials are presented. We also discuss challenges and gaps that still exist and need to be addressed in future research before clinical translation of these promising nanomaterials can be realized in a safe, efficacious, and economical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurshagan Kandhola
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Lim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cody Chivers
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Young Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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12
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Luo Z, Xu D, Xu Y, Zhao J, Hu G, Yue T. Dual role of pulmonary surfactant corona in modulating carbon nanotube toxicity and benzo[a]pyrene bioaccessibility. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131753. [PMID: 37279644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can deposit in the deep lung, where they interact with pulmonary surfactant (PS) to form coronas, potentially altering the fate and toxicity profile of CNTs. However, the presence of other contaminants in combination with CNTs may affect these interactions. Here, we used passive dosing and fluorescence-based techniques confirm the partial solubilization of BaPs adsorbed on CNTs by PS in simulated alveolar fluid. MD simulations were performed to elucidate the competition of interactions between BaPs, CNTs, and PS. We found that PS play two opposing roles in altering the toxicity profile of the CNTs. First, the formation of PS coronas reduce CNTs' toxicity by decreasing the hydrophobicity of the CNTs and decreasing their aspect ratio. Second, the interaction with PS increases the bioaccessibility of BaP through interactions with PS, which may exacerbate the inhalation toxicity of CNTs. These findings suggest that the inhalation toxicity of PS-modified CNTs should consider the bioaccessibility of coexisting contaminants, with the CNT size and aggregation state playing an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dongfang Xu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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13
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Mohan H, Fagan A, Giordani S. Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) in Cancer Therapy: A Database of CNM-Based Nanocarrier Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051545. [PMID: 37242787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are an incredibly versatile class of materials that can be used as scaffolds to construct anticancer nanocarrier systems. The ease of chemical functionalisation, biocompatibility, and intrinsic therapeutic capabilities of many of these nanoparticles can be leveraged to design effective anticancer systems. This article is the first comprehensive review of CNM-based nanocarrier systems that incorporate approved chemotherapy drugs, and many different types of CNMs and chemotherapy agents are discussed. Almost 200 examples of these nanocarrier systems have been analysed and compiled into a database. The entries are organised by anticancer drug type, and the composition, drug loading/release metrics, and experimental results from these systems have been compiled. Our analysis reveals graphene, and particularly graphene oxide (GO), as the most frequently employed CNM, with carbon nanotubes and carbon dots following in popularity. Moreover, the database encompasses various chemotherapeutic agents, with antimicrotubule agents being the most common payload due to their compatibility with CNM surfaces. The benefits of the identified systems are discussed, and the factors affecting their efficacy are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Fagan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Caffo M, Curcio A, Rajiv K, Caruso G, Venza M, Germanò A. Potential Role of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Malignant Brain Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2575. [PMID: 37174040 PMCID: PMC10177363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults up to an extent of 78% of all primary malignant brain tumors. However, total surgical resection is almost unachievable due to the considerable infiltrative ability of glial cells. The efficacy of current multimodal therapeutic strategies is, furthermore, limited by the lack of specific therapies against malignant cells, and, therefore, the prognosis of these in patients is still very unfavorable. The limitations of conventional therapies, which may result from inefficient delivery of the therapeutic or contrast agent to brain tumors, are major reasons for this unsolved clinical problem. The major problem in brain drug delivery is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the delivery of many chemotherapeutic agents. Nanoparticles, thanks to their chemical configuration, are able to go through the blood-brain barrier carrying drugs or genes targeted against gliomas. Carbon nanomaterials show distinct properties including electronic properties, a penetrating capability on the cell membrane, high drug-loading and pH-dependent therapeutic unloading capacities, thermal properties, a large surface area, and easy modification with molecules, which render them as suitable candidates for deliver drugs. In this review, we will focus on the potential effectiveness of the use of carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of malignant gliomas and discuss the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of carbon nanomaterials-based drug delivery to brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caffo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Antonello Curcio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Kumar Rajiv
- NIET, National Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110007, India
- University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Mario Venza
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
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15
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Gomez-Villalba LS, Salcines C, Fort R. Application of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Cultural Heritage Conservation, Risk of Toxicity, and Preventive Measures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091454. [PMID: 37176999 PMCID: PMC10180185 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has allowed for significant progress in architectural, artistic, archaeological, or museum heritage conservation for repairing and preventing damages produced by deterioration agents (weathering, contaminants, or biological actions). This review analyzes the current treatments using nanomaterials, including consolidants, biocides, hydrophobic protectives, mechanical resistance improvers, flame-retardants, and multifunctional nanocomposites. Unfortunately, nanomaterials can affect human and animal health, altering the environment. Right now, it is a priority to stop to analyze its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aims are to raise awareness about the nanotoxicity risks during handling and the subsequent environmental exposure to all those directly or indirectly involved in conservation processes. It reports the human-body interaction mechanisms and provides guidelines for preventing or controlling its toxicity, mentioning the current toxicity research of main compounds and emphasizing the need to provide more information about morphological, structural, and specific features that ultimately contribute to understanding their toxicity. It provides information about the current documents of international organizations (European Commission, NIOSH, OECD, Countries Normative) about worker protection, isolation, laboratory ventilation control, and debris management. Furthermore, it reports the qualitative risk assessment methods, management strategies, dose control, and focus/receptor relationship, besides the latest trends of using nanomaterials in masks and gas emissions control devices, discussing their risk of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Stella Gomez-Villalba
- Institute of Geosciences, Spanish National Research Council, Complutense University of Madrid (CSIC, UCM), Calle Dr. Severo Ochoa 7, Planta 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ciro Salcines
- Infrastructures Service, Health and Safety Unit, University of Cantabria, Pabellón de Gobierno, Avenida de los Castros 54, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Rafael Fort
- Institute of Geosciences, Spanish National Research Council, Complutense University of Madrid (CSIC, UCM), Calle Dr. Severo Ochoa 7, Planta 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Kandhola G, Park S, Lim JW, Chivers C, Song YH, Chung JH, Kim J, Kim JW. Nanomaterial-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review on Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocellulose. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023. [PMID: 37060487 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-0054*-*] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale biomaterials have garnered immense interest in the scientific community in the recent decade. This review specifically focuses on the application of three nanomaterials, i.e., graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanocellulose (cellulose nanocrystals or CNCs and cellulose nanofibers or CNFs), in regenerating different types of tissues, including skin, cartilage, nerve, muscle and bone. Their excellent inherent (and tunable) physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties make them suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications, including but not limited to diagnostics, therapeutics, biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A state-of-the-art literature review of composite tissue scaffolds fabricated using these nanomaterials is provided, including the unique physicochemical properties and mechanisms that induce cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation into specific tissues. In addition, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects and biodegradation behavior of these nanomaterials are presented. We also discuss challenges and gaps that still exist and need to be addressed in future research before clinical translation of these promising nanomaterials can be realized in a safe, efficacious, and economical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurshagan Kandhola
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Lim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cody Chivers
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Young Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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17
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Solorio-Rodriguez SA, Williams A, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Jensen KA, Clausen PA, Danielsen PH, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Single-Walled vs. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Influence of Physico-Chemical Properties on Toxicogenomics Responses in Mouse Lungs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061059. [PMID: 36985953 PMCID: PMC10057402 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanomaterials with one or multiple layers of carbon sheets. While it is suggested that various properties influence their toxicity, the specific mechanisms are not completely known. This study was aimed to determine if single or multi-walled structures and surface functionalization influence pulmonary toxicity and to identify the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. Female C57BL/6J BomTac mice were exposed to a single dose of 6, 18, or 54 μg/mouse of twelve SWCNTs or MWCNTs of different properties. Neutrophil influx and DNA damage were assessed on days 1 and 28 post-exposure. Genome microarrays and various bioinformatics and statistical methods were used to identify the biological processes, pathways and functions altered post-exposure to CNTs. All CNTs were ranked for their potency to induce transcriptional perturbation using benchmark dose modelling. All CNTs induced tissue inflammation. MWCNTs were more genotoxic than SWCNTs. Transcriptomics analysis showed similar responses across CNTs at the pathway level at the high dose, which included the perturbation of inflammatory, cellular stress, metabolism, and DNA damage responses. Of all CNTs, one pristine SWCNT was found to be the most potent and potentially fibrogenic, so it should be prioritized for further toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Occupational Health, 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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18
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Bubols GB, Arbo MD, Peruzzi CP, Cestonaro LV, Altknecht LF, Fão N, Göethel G, Nascimento SN, Paese K, Amaral MG, Bergmann CP, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Garcia SC. Characterization and in vivo toxicological evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: a low-dose repeated intratracheal administration study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36405-36421. [PMID: 36547826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized and investigated the toxicity of two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) NM-401 and NM-403 at 60 and 180 µg after four repeated intratracheal instillations; follow-up times were 3, 7, 30, and 90 days after the last instillation. NM-401 was needle-like, long, and thick, while NM-403 was entangled, short, and thin. Both MWCNT types induced transient pulmonary and systemic alterations in renal function and oxidative lipid damage markers in recent times. Animals showed general toxicity in the immediate times after exposures, in addition to increased pulmonary LDH release at day 3. In further times, decreased liver and kidney relative weights were noted at higher MWCNT doses. Lung histological damages included pulmonary fibrosis, for both MWCNT types, similarly to asbestos; single liver and kidney histological alterations were present. Repeated instillations led to persistent pulmonary damage at low doses, and possibly the extrapulmonary effects may be associated with the consecutive exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges Bubols
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Portela Peruzzi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vivan Cestonaro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Louise Figueiredo Altknecht
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
| | - Nuryan Fão
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nunes Nascimento
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Paese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório 405 de Nanotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marta Gonçalves Amaral
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTec), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pérez Bergmann
- Laboratório de Materiais Cerâmicos (LACER), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório 405 de Nanotecnologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Faculdade de Farmácia, Anexo II, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua São Luis, 150, Anexo II, Santana, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90620-170, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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19
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Zygouri P, Athinodorou AM, Spyrou K, Simos YV, Subrati M, Asimakopoulos G, Vasilopoulos KC, Vezyraki P, Peschos D, Tsamis K, Gournis DP. Oxidized-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Non-Toxic Nanocarriers for Hydroxytyrosol Delivery in Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:714. [PMID: 36839082 PMCID: PMC9965370 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess excellent physicochemical and structural properties alongside their nano dimensions, constituting a medical platform for the delivery of different therapeutic molecules and drug systems. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a molecule with potent antioxidant properties that, however, is rapidly metabolized in the organism. HT immobilized on functionalized CNTs could improve its oral absorption and protect it against rapid degradation and elimination. This study investigated the effects of cellular oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs) as biocompatible carriers of HT. The oxidation of MWCNTs via H2SO4 and HNO3 has a double effect since it leads to increased hydrophilicity, while the introduced oxygen functionalities can contribute to the delivery of the drug. The in vitro effects of HT, oxMWCNTS, and oxMWCNTS functionalized with HT (oxMWCNTS_HT) were studied against two different cell lines (NIH/3T3 and Tg/Tg). We evaluated the toxicity (MTT and clonogenic assay), cell cycle arrest, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Both cell lines coped with oxMWCNTs even at high doses. oxMWCNTS_HT acted as pro-oxidants in Tg/Tg cells and as antioxidants in NIH/3T3 cells. These findings suggest that oxMWCNTs could evolve into a promising nanocarrier suitable for targeted drug delivery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Zygouri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antrea M. Athinodorou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V. Simos
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mohammed Subrati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Asimakopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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20
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Serafin A, Rubio MC, Carsi M, Ortiz-Serna P, Sanchis MJ, Garg AK, Oliveira JM, Koffler J, Collins MN. Electroconductive PEDOT nanoparticle integrated scaffolds for spinal cord tissue repair. Biomater Res 2022; 26:63. [DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hostile environment around the lesion site following spinal cord injury (SCI) prevents the re-establishment of neuronal tracks, thus significantly limiting the regenerative capability. Electroconductive scaffolds are emerging as a promising option for SCI repair, though currently available conductive polymers such as polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) present poor biofunctionality and biocompatibility, thus limiting their effective use in SCI tissue engineering (TE) treatment strategies.
Methods
PEDOT NPs were synthesized via chemical oxidation polymerization in miniemulsion. The conductive PEDOT NPs were incorporated with gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA) to create gel:HA:PEDOT-NPs scaffolds. Morphological analysis of both PEDOT NPs and scaffolds was conducted via SEM. Further characterisation included dielectric constant and permittivity variances mapped against morphological changes after crosslinking, Young’s modulus, FTIR, DLS, swelling studies, rheology, in-vitro, and in-vivo biocompatibility studies were also conducted.
Results
Incorporation of PEDOT NPs increased the conductivity of scaffolds to 8.3 × 10–4 ± 8.1 × 10–5 S/cm. The compressive modulus of the scaffold was tailored to match the native spinal cord at 1.2 ± 0.2 MPa, along with controlled porosity. Rheological studies of the hydrogel showed excellent 3D shear-thinning printing capabilities and shape fidelity post-printing. In-vitro studies showed the scaffolds are cytocompatible and an in-vivo assessment in a rat SCI lesion model shows glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation not directly in contact with the lesion/implantation site, with diminished astrocyte reactivity. Decreased levels of macrophage and microglia reactivity at the implant site is also observed. This positively influences the re-establishment of signals and initiation of healing mechanisms. Observation of axon migration towards the scaffold can be attributed to immunomodulatory properties of HA in the scaffold caused by a controlled inflammatory response. HA limits astrocyte activation through its CD44 receptors and therefore limits scar formation. This allows for a superior axonal migration and growth towards the targeted implantation site through the provision of a stimulating microenvironment for regeneration.
Conclusions
Based on these results, the incorporation of PEDOT NPs into Gel:HA biomaterial scaffolds enhances not only the conductive capabilities of the material, but also the provision of a healing environment around lesions in SCI. Hence, gel:HA:PEDOT-NPs scaffolds are a promising TE option for stimulating regeneration for SCI.
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21
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Xu L, Xie L, Fang C, Lou W, Jiang T. New progress in tumor treatment based on nanoparticles combined with irreversible electroporation. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine Affiliated Jinhua Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Jinhua Zhejiang 321000 P.R. China
| | - Liting Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
| | - ChengYu Fang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
| | - WenJing Lou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
| | - Tianan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 P.R. China
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22
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Saito N, Haniu H, Aoki K, Nishimura N, Uemura T. Future Prospects for Clinical Applications of Nanocarbons Focusing on Carbon Nanotubes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201214. [PMID: 35754236 PMCID: PMC9404397 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, numerous studies have been conducted on the use of nanocarbons as biomaterials towards such applications as drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, and regenerative medicine. However, the clinical use of nanocarbons remains elusive, primarily due to short- and long-term safety concerns. It is essential that the biosafety of each therapeutic modality be demonstrated in logical and well-conducted experiments. Accordingly, the fundamental techniques for assessing nanocarbon biomaterial safety have become more advanced. Optimal controls are being established, nanocarbon dispersal techniques are being refined, the array of biokinetic evaluation methods has increased, and carcinogenicity examinations under strict conditions have been developed. The medical implementation of nanocarbons as a biomaterial is in sight. With a particular focus on carbon nanotubes, these perspectives aim to summarize the contributions to date on nanocarbon applications and biosafety, introduce the recent achievements in evaluation techniques, and clarify the future prospects and systematic introduction of carbon nanomaterials for clinical use through practical yet sophisticated assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishimura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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23
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Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Induce Fibrosis and Telomere Length Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116005. [PMID: 35682685 PMCID: PMC9181372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening can result in cellular senescence and in increased level of genome instability, which are key events in numerous of cancer types. Despite this, few studies have focused on the effect of nanomaterial exposure on telomere length as a possible mechanism involved in nanomaterial-induced carcinogenesis. In this study, effects of exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on telomere length were investigated in mice exposed by intrapleural injection, as well as in human lung epithelial and mesothelial cell lines. In addition, cell cycle, apoptosis, and regulation of genes involved in DNA damage repair were assessed. Exposure to MWCNT led to severe fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells in pleura, and mesothelial cell hyperplasia. These histological alterations were accompanied by deregulation of genes involved in fibrosis and immune cell recruitment, as well as a significant shortening of telomeres in the pleura and the lung. Assessment of key carcinogenic mechanisms in vitro confirmed that long-term exposure to the long MWCNT led to a prominent telomere shortening in epithelial cells, which coincided with G1-phase arrest and enhanced apoptosis. Altogether, our data show that telomere shortening resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis may be an important mechanism in long MWCNT-induced inflammation and fibrosis.
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24
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Chetyrkina MR, Fedorov FS, Nasibulin AG. In vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16235-16256. [PMID: 35733671 PMCID: PMC9152879 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) toxicity-related issues provoke many debates in the scientific community. The controversial and disputable data about toxicity doses, proposed hazard effects, and human health concerns significantly restrict CNT applications in biomedical studies, laboratory practices, and industry, creating a barrier for mankind in the way of understanding how exactly the material behaves in contact with living systems. Raising the toxicity question again, many research groups conclude low toxicity of the material and its potential safeness at some doses for contact with biological systems. To get new momentum for researchers working on the intersection of the biological field and nanomaterials, i.e., CNT materials, we systematically reviewed existing studies with in vitro toxicological data to propose exact doses that yield toxic effects, summarize studied cell types for a more thorough comparison, the impact of incubation time, and applied toxicity tests. Using several criteria and different scientific databases, we identified and analyzed nearly 200 original publications forming a "golden core" of the field to propose safe doses of the material based on a statistical analysis of retrieved data. We also differentiated the impact of various forms of CNTs: on a substrate and in the form of dispersion because in both cases, some studies demonstrated good biocompatibility of CNTs. We revealed that CNTs located on a substrate had negligible impact, i.e., 90% of studies report good viability and cell behavior similar to control, therefore CNTs could be considered as a prospective conductive substrate for cell cultivation. In the case of dispersions, our analysis revealed mean values of dose/incubation time to be 4-5 μg mL-1 h-1, which suggested the material to be a suitable candidate for further studies to get a more in-depth understanding of its properties in biointerfaces and offer CNTs as a promising platform for fundamental studies in targeted drug delivery, chemotherapy, tissue engineering, biosensing fields, etc. We hope that the present systematic review will shed light on the current knowledge about CNT toxicity, indicate "dark" spots and offer possible directions for the subsequent studies based on the demonstrated here tabulated and statistical data of doses, cell models, toxicity tests, viability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fedor S Fedorov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
- Aalto University FI-00076 15100 Espoo Finland
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25
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Sargazi S, Er S, Mobashar A, Gelen SS, Rahdar A, Ebrahimi N, Hosseinikhah SM, Bilal M, Kyzas GZ. Aptamer-conjugated carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer and bacteria theranostics: A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109964. [PMID: 35513013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that link to various substrates with great affinity and selectivity, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells, and tissues. For this reason, they can be used as imaging agents for cancer imaging techniques. Multifunctional nanomaterials combined with imaging probes and drugs are promising cancer diagnosis and treatment candidates. On the other hand, carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), including such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, carbon-based quantum dots, carbon nanohorns, graphene oxide and its derivatives carbon nanodots, and nanodiamonds, are sort of smart materials that can be used in a variety of theranostic applications, including photo-triggered therapies. The remarkable physical characteristics, functionalizable chemistry, biocompatibility, and optical properties of these nanoparticles have enabled their utilization in less-invasive therapies. The theranostic agents that emerged by combining aptamers with CNMs have opened a novel alternative for personified medicine of cancer, target-specific imaging, and label-free diagnosis of a broad range of cancers, as well as pathogens. Aptamer-functionalized CNMs have been used as nanovesicles for targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents (i.e., doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil) to tumor sites. Furthermore, these CNMs conjugated with aptamers have shown great advantages over standard CNMs to sensitively detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii. Regrettably, CNMs can form compounds defined as NOAA (nano-objects, and their aggregates and agglomerates larger than 100 nm), that accumulate in the body and cause toxic effects. Surface modification and pretreatment with albumin avoid agglomeration and increase the dispersibility of CNMs, so it is needed to guarantee the desirable interactions between functionalized CNMs and blood plasma proteins. This preliminary review aimed to comprehensively discuss the features and uses of aptamer-conjugated CNMs to manage cancer and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43463, Iran
| | - Simge Er
- Ege University Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Sacide Gelen
- Ege University Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, 538-98615, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, 65404, Greece.
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26
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Yushan M, Yusufu A. Enhanced Nerve Regeneration by Bionic Conductive Nerve Scaffold Under Electrical Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:810676. [PMID: 35573307 PMCID: PMC9091912 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.810676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of peripheral nerve defect (PND) with a poor prognosis is hard to deal with. Neural conduit applied to nerve defect at present could not achieve the effect of autologous nerve transplantation. We prepared bionic conductive neural scaffolds to provide a new strategy for the treatment of PNDs. The highly aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fiber mats and the multi-microchannel conductive scaffolds were combined into bionic conductive nerve scaffolds, which were implanted into rats with sciatic nerve defects. The experimental animals were divided into the scaffold group (S), scaffold with electrical stimulation (ES) group (S&E), and autologous nerve transplantation group (AT). The regenerative effect of bionic conductive nerve scaffolds was analyzed. Compared with aligned PLLA fiber mats (APFMs), highly aligned fiber mats had a higher fiber orientation and did not change the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, degradation rate, elongation at break of the fiber membrane, and biocompatibility. The bionic conductive nerve scaffolds were well matched with the rat sciatic nerve. The evaluations of the sciatic nerve in Group S&E were close to those in Group AT and better than those in Group S. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NF-H) and protein S100-B (S100-β) in Group S&E were higher than those in Group S, and the expression levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) in Group AT were higher than those in Group S. Bionic conductive nerve scaffolds combined with ES could enhance peripheral nerve regeneration and achieve satisfactory nerve regeneration close to autologous nerve grafts. ERK, p38 MAPK, MEK, and LRP4 may be involved in peripheral nerve regeneration under ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Trauma and Micro Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanshi Liu
- Department of Trauma and Micro Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Maimaiaili Yushan
- Department of Trauma and Micro Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aihemaitijiang Yusufu
- Department of Trauma and Micro Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Aihemaitijiang Yusufu,
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27
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Huang S, Hong X, Zhao M, Liu N, Liu H, Zhao J, Shao L, Xue W, Zhang H, Zhu P, Guo R. Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10315. [PMID: 36176618 PMCID: PMC9471997 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials' unique structures at the nanometer level determine their incredible functions, and based on this, they can be widely used in the field of nanomedicine. However, nanomaterials do possess disadvantages that cannot be ignored, such as burst release, rapid elimination, and poor bioadhesion. Hydrogels are scaffolds with three‐dimensional structures, and they exhibit good biocompatibility and drug release capacity. Hydrogels are also associated with disadvantages for biomedical applications such as poor anti‐tumor capability, weak bioimaging capability, limited responsiveness, and so on. Incorporating nanomaterials into the 3D hydrogel network through physical or chemical covalent action may be an effective method to avoid their disadvantages. In nanocomposite hydrogel systems, multifunctional nanomaterials often work as the function core, giving the hydrogels a variety of properties (such as photo‐thermal conversion, magnetothermal conversion, conductivity, targeting tumor, etc.). While, hydrogels can effectively improve the retention effect of nanomaterials and make the nanoparticles have good plasticity to adapt to various biomedical applications (such as various biosensors). Nanocomposite hydrogel systems have broad application prospects in biomedicine. In this review, we comprehensively summarize and discuss the most recent advances of nanomaterials composite hydrogels in biomedicine, including drug and cell delivery, cancer treatment, tissue regeneration, biosensing, and bioimaging, and we also briefly discussed the current situation of their commoditization in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiangqian Hong
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ) College of
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Department of Ophthalmology Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ) College of
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
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28
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Omran B, Baek KH. Graphene-derived antibacterial nanocomposites for water disinfection: Current and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118836. [PMID: 35032599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial nanomaterials provide numerous opportunities for the synthesis of next-generation sustainable water disinfectants. Using the keywords graphene and water disinfection and graphene antibacterial activity, a detailed search of the Scopus database yielded 198 and 1433 studies on using graphene for water disinfection applications and graphene antibacterial activity in the last ten years, respectively. Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) have emerged as effective antibacterial agents. The current innovations in graphene-, graphene oxide (GO)-, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-, and graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanocomposites for water disinfection, including their functionalization with semiconductor photocatalysts and metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been thoroughly discussed in this review. Furthermore, their novel application in the fabrication of 3D porous hydrogels, thin films, and membranes has been emphasized. The physicochemical and structural properties affecting their antibacterial efficiency, such as sheet size, layer number, shape, edges, smoothness/roughness, arrangement mode, aggregation, dispersibility, and surface functionalization have been highlighted. The various mechanisms involved in GFN antibacterial action have been reviewed, including the mechanisms of membrane stress, ROS-dependent and -independent oxidative stress, cell wrapping/trapping, charge transfer, and interaction with cellular components. For safe applications, the potential biosafety and biocompatibility of GFNs in aquatic environments are emphasized. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives are discussed. This review may provide ideas for developing efficient and practical solutions using graphene-, GO-, rGO-, and GQD-based nanocomposites in water disinfection by rationally employing their unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo PO, 11727, Egypt
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Ferreira Dantas GDP, Nascimento Martins EMD, Gomides LS, Chequer FMD, Burbano RR, Furtado CA, Santos AP, Tagliati CA. Pyrene-polyethylene glycol-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Genotoxicity in V79-4 fibroblast cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503463. [PMID: 35483786 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of pyrene-polyethylene glycol-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-PyPEG), engineered as a nanoplatform for bioapplication, was evaluated. Toxicity was assessed in hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79-4). MTT and Cell Titer Blue methods were used to evaluate cell viability. Genotoxicity was measured by the comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to test induction of structural chromosome aberrations (clastogenic activity) and/or numerical chromosome changes (aneuploidogenic activity). Exogenous metabolic activation enzymes were used in the CBMN-Cyt and FISH tests. Only with metabolic activation, the hybrids caused chromosomal damage, by both clastogenic and aneugenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela de Paula Ferreira Dantas
- ToxLab, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Lívia Santos Gomides
- Laboratório de Química de Nanoestruturas de Carbono, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Farah Maria Drumond Chequer
- Laboratório de Análises Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu (UFSJ-CCO), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Rommel Rodríguez Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Clascídia Aparecida Furtado
- Laboratório de Química de Nanoestruturas de Carbono, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adelina Pinheiro Santos
- Laboratório de Química de Nanoestruturas de Carbono, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Tagliati
- ToxLab, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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30
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Yu XT, Sui SY, He YX, Yu CH, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-based photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212725. [PMID: 35929205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing cancer morbidity and mortality requires the development of high-efficiency and low-toxicity anticancer approaches. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted much attention in cancer therapy due to its non-invasive features and low side effects. Photosensitizer (PS) is one of the key factors of PDT, and its successful delivery largely determines the outcome of PDT. Although a few PS molecules have been approved for clinical use, PDT is still limited by the low stability and poor tumor targeting capacity of PSs. Various nanomaterial systems have shown great potentials in improving PDT, such as metal nanoparticles, graphene-based nanomaterials, liposomes, ROS-sensitive nanocarriers and supramolecular nanomaterials. The small molecular PSs can be loaded in functional nanomaterials to enhance the PS stability and tumor targeted delivery, and some functionalized nanomaterials themselves can be directly used as PSs. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of PDT, and summarize the recent progress of nanomaterials-based PSs and delivery systems in anticancer PDT. In addition, the concerns of nanomaterials-based PDT including low tumor targeting capacity, limited light penetration, hypoxia and nonspecific protein corona formation are discussed. The possible solutions to these concerns are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shang-Yan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Xuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen-Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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31
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Overview of antimicrobial polyurethane-based nanocomposite materials and associated signalling pathways. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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32
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Marzana M, Morsada Z, Faruk MO, Ahmed A, Khan MMA, Jalil MA, Hossain MM, Rahman MM. Nanostructured Carbons: towards Soft-Bioelectronics, Biosensing and Theraputic Applications. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100319. [PMID: 35189015 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanostructured carbon-based soft bioelectronics and biosensors have received tremendous attention due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. The ultrahigh specific surface area, high flexibility, lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility of 1D and 2D nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, are advantageous for bioelectronics applications. These materials improve human life by delivering therapeutic advancements in gene, tumor, chemo, photothermal, immune, radio, and precision therapies. They are also utilized in biosensing platforms, including optical and electrochemical biosensors to detect cholesterol, glucose, pathogenic bacteria (e. g., coronavirus), and avian leucosis virus. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in bioelectronics and biosensors by exploiting the outstanding characteristics of nanocarbon materials. The synthesis and biocompatibility of nanocarbon materials are briefly discussed. In the following sections, applications of graphene and CNTs for different therapies and biosensing are elaborated. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of nanocarbon materials for biomedical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Marzana
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
| | - Zinnat Morsada
- Department of Textile Engineering, University of South Asia, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Abbas Ahmed
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Md Manirul Alam Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Mohammad Abdul Jalil
- Department of Textile Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Milon Hossain
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - Mohammed Muzibur Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Rozhin P, Abdel Monem Gamal J, Giordani S, Marchesan S. Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) and Enzymes: From Nanozymes to CNM-Enzyme Conjugates and Biodegradation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1037. [PMID: 35160982 PMCID: PMC8838330 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and enzymes differ significantly in terms of their physico-chemical properties-their handling and characterization require very different specialized skills. Therefore, their combination is not trivial. Numerous studies exist at the interface between these two components-especially in the area of sensing-but also involving biofuel cells, biocatalysis, and even biomedical applications including innovative therapeutic approaches and theranostics. Finally, enzymes that are capable of biodegrading CNMs have been identified, and they may play an important role in controlling the environmental fate of these structures after their use. CNMs' widespread use has created more and more opportunities for their entry into the environment, and thus it becomes increasingly important to understand how to biodegrade them. In this concise review, we will cover the progress made in the last five years on this exciting topic, focusing on the applications, and concluding with future perspectives on research combining carbon nanomaterials and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Rozhin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Jada Abdel Monem Gamal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Health, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Health, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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34
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Tavakoli Z, Sheikhi M, Shahab S, Kaviani S, Sheikhi B, Kumar R. Encapsulation of anticancer drug Ibrance into the CNT(8,8-7) nanotube: A study based on DFT method. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a DFT calculation was performed for study to investigate the encapsulation of the anticancer drug Ibrance into CNT(8,8-7) by using M062X/6-311G * level of theory in the solvent water. TD-DFT method was used to compute the electronic spectra of the Ibrance drug, CNT(8,8-7) and complex CNT(8,8-7)/Ibrance in aqueous medium for the study of non-bonded interaction effect. The non-bonded interaction effects of Ibrance drug with CNT(8,8-7) on the electronic properties and natural charges have been also studied. The results display the change in title parameters after process adsorption. According to NBO results, the molecule Ibrance and CNT(8,8-7) play as both electron donor and acceptor at the complex CNT(8,8-7)/Ibrance. Charge transfer, on the other hand, occurs between the bonding, antibonding, or nonbonding orbitals of Ibrance drug and CNT (8,8-7). According to QTAIM analysis and the LOL and ELF values, all intermolecular bonds in the complex are non-covalent in nature. As a result, CNT(8,8-7) can be thought of as a drug delivery system for transporting Ibrance as an anticancer drug within biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Masoome Sheikhi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Siyamak Shahab
- Belarusian State University, ISEI BSU, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
| | - Sadegh Kaviani
- Research Center for Modeling and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry MCM DAV College Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)-176001 (India)
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35
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Parajuli S, Ureña-Benavides EE. Fundamental aspects of nanocellulose stabilized Pickering emulsions and foams. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102530. [PMID: 34610863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses in recent years have garnered a lot of attention for their use as stabilizers of liquid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces. Both cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have been used extensively in multiple studies to prepare emulsions and foams. However, there is limited literature available that systematically discusses the mechanisms that affect the ability of nanocelluloses (modified and unmodified) to stabilize different types of interfaces. This review briefly discusses key factors that affect the stability of Pickering emulsions and foams and provides a detailed and systematic analysis of the current state knowledge on factors affecting the stabilization of liquid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces by nanocelluloses. The review also discusses the effect of nanocellulose surface modifications on mechanisms driving the Pickering stabilization of these interfaces.
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36
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High electrochemical stability of hyperthermophilic archaeal multicopper enzyme adsorbed on gold electrodes compared to fungal laccase. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Makgabutlane B, Maubane-Nkadimeng MS, Coville NJ, Mhlanga SD. Plastic-fly ash waste composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes for sustainable building and construction applications: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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38
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Luo Y, Li J, Huang C, Wang X, Long D, Cao Y. Graphene oxide links alterations of anti-viral signaling pathways with lipid metabolism via suppressing TLR3 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Omics 2022; 18:779-790. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main cells constructing blood vessels, are important in the regulation of the pathophysiology of vascular systems; however, relatively few studies have investigated the influence of nanomaterials (NMs) on VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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39
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MicroRNAs as a Suitable Biomarker to Detect the Effects of Long-Term Exposures to Nanomaterials. Studies on TiO 2NP and MWCNT. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123458. [PMID: 34947804 PMCID: PMC8707110 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment may represent a serious risk to human health, especially in a scenario of chronic exposure. To evaluate the potential relationship between NM-induced epigenetic alterations and carcinogenesis, the present study analyzed a panel of 33 miRNAs related to the cell transformation process in BEAS-2B cells transformed by TiO2NP and long-term MWCNT exposure. Our battery revealed a large impact on miRNA expression profiling in cells exposed to both NMs. From this analysis, a small set of five miRNAs (miR-23a, miR-25, miR-96, miR-210, and miR-502) were identified as informative biomarkers of the transforming effects induced by NM exposures. The usefulness of this reduced miRNA battery was further validated in other previously generated transformed cell systems by long-term exposure to other NMs (CoNP, ZnONP, MSiNP, and CeO2NP). Interestingly, the five selected miRNAs were consistently overexpressed in all cell lines and NMs tested. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed set of mRNAs to identify the potential transforming ability of NMs. Particular attention should be paid to the epigenome and especially to miRNAs for hazard assessment of NMs, as wells as for the study of the underlying mechanisms of action.
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40
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Daneshvar F, Hankin S, Fern G, Chen H, Zhang T, Aitken R, Sue HJ. Evaluation of 1-dimensional nanomaterials release during electrospinning and thermogravimetric analysis. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1967-1981. [PMID: 34171141 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing research interests with engineered nanomaterials in academic laboratories and manufacturing facilities pose potential safety risks to students and workers. New nanoparticle substances, compositions, and processing approaches are developed regularly, creating new health risks which may not have been addressed previously. Accordingly, the Institute of Occupational Medicine conducted field studies at Texas A&M University (TAMU) to characterize possible particle emissions during processing and fabrication of carbon nanotubes, copper nanowires, and polymeric fibers. The nature of the monitoring work carried out at TAMU was to investigate the potential release of 1D nanomaterials to air from activities associated with synthesis, handling, thermal gravimetric analysis, and electrospinning processes, and evaluate the effectiveness of the utilized control measures. The potential nanoparticle release to air from each activity was investigated using a combination of particle detection instrumentations, coupled with standard filter-based sampling techniques. The analyses indicated that a measurable quantity of free carbon nanosphere aggregates was detected during these activities; however, no free MWCNTs or nanowires were detected. Scanning electron microscopy identified the presence of carbon nanospheres aggregates on the filters. While the control measures used at TAMU are effective in containing the nanomaterial release during processing, poor handling and occupational hygiene practices can increase the risk of employee exposure to the nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Daneshvar
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Intel Ronler Acres Campus, Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Steve Hankin
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) and SAFENANO, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordon Fern
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) and SAFENANO, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hengxi Chen
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tan Zhang
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rob Aitken
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) and SAFENANO, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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41
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Parhi S, Pal S, Das SK, Ghosh P. Strategies toward development of antimicrobial biomaterials for dental healthcare applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4590-4622. [PMID: 34599764 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several approaches for elimination of oral pathogens are being explored at the present time since oral diseases remain prevalent affecting approximately 3.5 billion people worldwide. Need for antimicrobial biomaterials in dental healthcare include but is not restricted to designing resin composites and adhesives for prevention of dental caries. Constant efforts are also being made to develop antimicrobial strategies for clearance of endodontic space prior root canal treatment and for treatment of periimplantitis and periodontitis. This article discusses various conventional and nanotechnology-based strategies to achieve antimicrobial efficacy in dental biomaterials. Recent developments in the design and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and antifouling zwitterionic polymers to effectively lessen the risks of antimicrobial drug resistance are also outlined in this review. Further, the role of contemporary strategies such as use of smart biomaterials, ionic solvent-based biomaterials and quorum quenchers incorporated biomaterials in the elimination of dental pathogens are described in detail. Lastly, we mentioned the approach of using polymers to print custom-made three-dimensional antibacterial dental products via additive manufacturing technologies. This review provides a critical perspective on the chemical, biomimetic, and engineering strategies intended for developing antimicrobial biomaterials that have the potential to substantially improve the dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Parhi
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreyasi Pal
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Paulomi Ghosh
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
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42
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Nguyen TL, Takai M, Ishihara K, Oyama K, Fujii S, Yusa SI. Facile preparation of water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes bearing phosphorylcholine groups for heat generation under near-infrared irradiation. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Cascione M, De Matteis V, Pellegrino P, Albanese G, De Giorgi ML, Paladini F, Corsalini M, Rinaldi R. Improvement of PMMA Dental Matrix Performance by Addition of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Clay Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082027. [PMID: 34443858 PMCID: PMC8402145 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, several materials have been proposed for the fabrication of dental and mandibular prosthetic implants. Today, the poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) resin is the most spread material, due to its ease of processing, low cost, aesthetic properties, low weight, biocompatibility, and biostability in the oral cavity. However, the porous surface (which favors the adhesion of microorganisms) and the weak mechanical properties (which lead to wear or fracture) are the major concerns. The inclusion of engineered nanomaterials in the acrylic matrix could improve the performances of PMMA. In this study, we added two different kind of nanomaterials, namely titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) at two concentrations (1% and 3% w/w) in PMMA. Then, we assessed the effect of nanomaterials inclusion by the evaluation of specific physical parameters: Young’s modulus, roughness, and wettability. In addition, we investigated the potential beneficial effects regarding the Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonization reduction, the most common yeast responsible of several infections in oral cavity. Our experimental results showed an improvement of PMMA performance, following the addition of TiO2NPs and HNTs, in a dose dependent manner. In particular, the presence of TiO2NPs in the methacrylate matrix induced a greater increase in PMMA stiffness respect to HNTs addition. On the other hand, HNTs reduced the rate of C. albicans colonization more significantly than TiO2NPs. The results obtained are of great interest for the improvement of PMMA physico-chemical properties, in view of its possible application in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.D.G.); (F.P.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: (Mf.C.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.D.G.); (F.P.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: (Mf.C.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.D.G.); (F.P.); (R.R.)
| | - Giovanni Albanese
- U.O.C. of Plastic Surgery and Burns Center, Department of Oral Hygiene Clinic, Hospital “A. Perrino”, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
- Dental School, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa De Giorgi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.D.G.); (F.P.); (R.R.)
| | - Fabio Paladini
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.D.G.); (F.P.); (R.R.)
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- Dental School, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.D.G.); (F.P.); (R.R.)
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44
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Saleemi MA, Kong YL, Yong PVC, Wong EH. An Overview of Antimicrobial Properties of Carbon Nanotubes-Based Nanocomposites. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:449-465. [PMID: 35935059 PMCID: PMC9348533 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of carbon-based nanomaterials has extensively facilitated new discoveries in various fields. Carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites (CNT-based nanocomposites) have lately recognized as promising biomaterials for a wide range of biomedical applications due to their unique electronic, mechanical, and biological properties. Nanocomposite materials such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), polymers, biomolecules, enzymes, and peptides have been reported in many studies, possess a broad range of antibacterial activity when incorporated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It is crucial to understand the mechanism which governs the antimicrobial activity of these CNT-based nanocomposite materials, including the decoupling individual and synergistic effects on the cells. In this review, the interaction behavior between microorganisms and different types of CNT-based nanocomposites is summarized to understand the respective antimicrobial performance in different conditions. Besides, the current development stage of CNT-based nanocomposite materials, the technical challenges faced, and the exceptional prospect of implementing potential antimicrobial CNT-based nanocomposite materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansab Ali Saleemi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yeo Lee Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, American Degree Program, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Phelim Voon Chen Yong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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