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Yu C, Choi J, Lee J, Lim S, Park Y, Jo SM, Ahn J, Kim SY, Chang T, Boyer C, Kwon MS. Functional Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with α, ω-Hydroxyl End-Functionalized Polyacrylates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403048. [PMID: 39171759 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is an essential class of materials for demanding applications, from soft robotics and electronics to medical devices and batteries. However, traditional TPU development is primarily relied on specific soft segments, such as polyether, polyester, and polycarbonate polyols. Here, a novel method is introduced for developing TPU elastomers with enhanced performance and superior functionalities compared to conventional TPUs, achieved through the use of α,ω-hydroxyl end-functionalized polyacrylates. This approach involves a defect-free synthesis of α,ω-hydroxyl end-functionalized polyacrylates through visible-light-driven photoiniferter polymerization. By strategically blending these functionalized polyacrylates with conventional polyols, TPUs that exhibit exceptional toughness and notable self-healing capabilities, traits rarely found in existing TPUs are engineered. Furthermore, incorporating photo-crosslinkable acrylic monomers has enabled the creation of the first TPU with superior elastomeric properties and photopatterning capabilities. This approach paves the way for a new direction in polyurethane engineering, introducing a novel class of soft segments and unlocking the potential for a wide range of advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Nguyen TT, Wang H, Sun G, Kong J, Zhang X. Ultrasensitive electrochemical microRNA-21 detection based on MXene and ATRP photocatalytic strategy. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:472. [PMID: 39028442 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
A Ti3C2TxMXene-based biosensor has been developed and the photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (photo ATRP) amplification strategy applied to detect target miRNA-21 (tRNA). Initially, Ti3C2TxMXene nanosheets were synthesized from the Ti3AlC2 MAX precursor via selective aluminum etching. Then, functionalization of Ti3C2TxMXene nanosheets with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) via silylation reactions to facilitate covalent bonding with hairpin DNA biomolecules specifically designed for tRNA detection. Upon binding with the tRNA, the hairpin DNA liberated the azide (N₃) group, initiating a click reaction to affix to the photo ATRP initiator. Through the ATRP photoreaction, facilitated by an organic photoredox catalyst and light, a significant amount of ferrocenyl methyl methacrylate (FMMA) monomer was immobilized on the electrode. Therefore, the electrochemical signal is amplified. The electrochemical efficacy of the biosensor was assessed using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimized conditions, the biosensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity in detecting tRNA, with a linear detection range from 0.01 fM to 10 pM and a detection limit of 2.81 aM. The findings elucidate that the developed biosensor, in conjunction with the photo ATRP strategy, offers reproducibility, stability, and increased sensitivity, underscoring its potential applications within the experimental medical sector of the biomolecular industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Thi Nguyen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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3
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Li R, Guo H, Luo X, Wang Q, Pang Y, Li S, Liu S, Li J, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Type I Photoinitiator Based on Sustainable Carbon Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404454. [PMID: 38683297 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable carbon dots comprising surficial oxime ester groups following homolytic bond cleavage exhibit potential as photoinitiators for traditional free radical photopolymerization. Carbon dots were made following a solvothermal procedure from sustainable furfural available from lignocellulose. Surficial aldehyde moieties reacted with hydroxylamine to the respective oxime while reaction with benzoyl chloride resulted in a biobased Type I photoinitiator comprising sustainable carbon dot (CD-PI). Photoinitiating ability was compared with the traditional photoinitiator (PI) ethyl (2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl) phenyl phosphinate (TPO-L) by real-time FTIR with UV exposure at 365 nm. Photopolymer composition based on a mixture of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) resulted in a similar final conversion of about 70 % using either CD-PI or TPO-L. Nevertheless, it appeared homogeneous in the case of compositions processed with CD-PI, while those made with TPO-L were heterogeneous as shown by two glass transition temperatures. Moreover, the migration rate of CD-PI in the cured samples was lower in comparison with those samples using TPO-L as PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang International Joint Lab of Advanced Biomass Materials, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Hongda Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Yulian Pang
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD, Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang International Joint Lab of Advanced Biomass Materials, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
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Xiao Y, Wang Z, Li M, Liu Q, Liu X, Wang Y. Efficient Charge Separation in Ag/PCN/UPDI Ternary Heterojunction for Optimized Photothermal-Photocatalytic Performance via Tandem Electric Fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306692. [PMID: 38773907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Charge separation driven by the internal electric field is a research hotspot in photocatalysis. However, it remains challenging to accurately control the electric field to continuously accelerate the charge transfer. Herein, a strategy of constructing a tandem electric field to continuously accelerate charge transfer in photocatalysts is proposed. The plasma electric field, interface electric field, and intramolecular electric field are integrated into the Ag/g-C3N4/urea perylene imide (Ag/PCN/UPDI) ternary heterojunction to achieve faster charge separation and longer carrier lifetime. The triple electric fields function as three accelerators on the charge transport path, promoting the separation of electron-hole pairs, accelerating charge transfer, enhancing light absorption, and increasing the concentration of energetic electrons on the catalyst. The H2 evolution rate of Ag/PCN/UPDI is 16.8 times higher than that of pristine PDI, while the degradation rate of oxytetracycline is increased by 4.5 times. This new strategy will provide a groundbreaking idea for the development of high-efficiency photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Xiao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, China
| | - Zhezhe Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Xijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yude Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
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5
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Chen Y, Han S, Chen K, Guo X, Wen P, Chen M. Controlled Radical Copolymerization toward Tailored F/N Hybrid Polymers by Using Light-Driven Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408611. [PMID: 38924225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Controlled radical copolymerizations present attractive avenues to obtain polymers with complicated compositions and sequences. In this work, we report the development of a visible-light-driven organocatalyzed controlled copolymerization of fluoroalkenes and acyclic N-vinylamides for the first time. The approach enables the on-demand synthesis of a broad scope of amide-functionalized main-chain fluoropolymers via novel fluorinated thiocarbamates, facilitating regulations over chemical compositions and alternating fractions by rationally selecting comonomer pairs and ratios. This method allows temporally controlled chain-growth by external light, and maintains high chain-end fidelity that promotes facile preparation of block sequences. Notably, the obtained F/N hybrid polymers, upon hydrolysis, afford free amino-substituted fluoropolymers versatile for post modifications toward various functionalities (e.g., amide, sulfonamide, carbamide, thiocarbamide). We further demonstrate the in situ formation of polymer networks with desirable properties as protective layers on lithium metal anodes, presenting a promising avenue for advancing lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Shantao Han
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
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6
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Jeon W, Kwon Y, Kwon MS. Highly efficient dual photoredox/copper catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization achieved through mechanism-driven photocatalyst design. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5160. [PMID: 38886349 PMCID: PMC11183263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with dual photoredox/copper catalysis combines the advantages of photo-ATRP and photoredox-mediated ATRP, utilizing visible light and ensuring broad monomer scope and solvent compatibility while minimizing side reactions. Despite its popularity, challenges include high photocatalyst (PC) loadings (10 to 1000 ppm), requiring additional purification and increasing costs. In this study, we discover a PC that functions at the sub-ppm level for ATRP through mechanism-driven PC design. Through studying polymerization mechanisms, we find that the efficient polymerizations are driven by PCs whose ground state oxidation potential-responsible for PC regeneration-play a more important role than their excited state reducing power, responsible for initiation. This is verified by screening PCs with varying redox potentials and triplet excited state generation capabilities. Based on these findings, we identify a highly efficient PC, 4DCDP-IPN, featuring moderate excited state reducing power and a maximized ground state oxidation potential. Employing this PC at 50 ppb, we synthesize poly(methyl methacrylate) with high conversion, narrow molecular weight distribution, and high chain-end fidelity. This system exhibits oxygen tolerance and supports large-scale reactions under ambient conditions. Our findings, driven by the systematic PC design, offer meaningful insights for controlled radical polymerizations and metallaphotoredox-mediated syntheses beyond ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Sellet N, Frey J, Cormier M, Goddard JP. Near-infrared photocatalysis with cyanines: synthesis, applications and perspectives. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8639-8650. [PMID: 38873079 PMCID: PMC11168079 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanines are organic dyes bearing two aza-heterocycles linked by a polymethine chain. Excited states, fluorescence, redox activity, and energy transfer are interesting properties of cyanines which have been used by chemists. Moreover, they are easily accessible and highly tunable. For all these reasons, cyanines are often selected for applications like fluorescent probes, phototherapy and photovoltaics. However, considering cyanines as photocatalysts is a new field of investigation and has been sparsely reported in the literature. This field of research has been launched on the basis of near-infrared light photocatalysis. With a deeper NIR light penetration, the irradiation is compatible with biological tissues. Due to the longer wavelengths that are involved, the safety of the operator can be guaranteed. In this perspective review, the photophysical/redox properties of cyanines are reported as well as their preparations and applications in modern synthetic approaches. Finally, recent examples of cyanine-based NIR-photocatalysis are discussed including photopolymerization and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Johanna Frey
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
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8
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Shao H, Long R, Xu H, Sun P, Wang G, Li Y, Liao S. The Development of Visible-Light Organic Photocatalysts for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization via Conjugation Extension. Molecules 2024; 29:2763. [PMID: 38930829 PMCID: PMC11206499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop organic photocatalysts (PCs) that could mediate organocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) under visible light. Through the core-modification of known chromophoric structures and ring-locking to reach a conjugation extension, annulated N-aryl benzo[kl]acridines were identified as effective visible light-responsive photocatalysts. The corresponding selenium-doped structure showed excellent performance in the O-ATRP of methacrylates, which could afford polymer products with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities under the irradiation of visible light at a 100 ppm catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Runzhi Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Pan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Guangrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Yuanming Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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9
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Peng HY, Xu MK, Li X, Cai T. Exploiting Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations with Boron-Dopant and Nitrogen-Defect Synergy in Carbon Nitride Nanosheets. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400365. [PMID: 38849126 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) possess various benefits as heterogeneous photocatalysts, including tunable bandgaps, scalability, and chemical robustness. However, their efficacy and ongoing advancement are hindered by challenges like limited charge-carrier separation rates, insufficient driving force for photocatalysis, small specific surface area, and inadequate absorption of visible light. In this study, boron dopants and nitrogen defects synergy are introduced into bulk g-C3N4 through the calcination of a blend of nitrogen-defective g-C3N4 and NaBH4 under inert conditions, resulting in the formation of BCN nanosheets characterized by abundant porosity and increased specific surface area. These BCN nanosheets promote intermolecular single electron transfer to the radical initiator, maintaining radical intermediates at a low concentration for better control of photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP). Consequently, this method yields polymers with low dispersity and tailorable molecular weights under mild blue light illumination, outperforming previous reports on bulk g-C3N4. The heterogeneity of BCN enables easy separation and efficient reuse in subsequent polymerization processes. This study effectively showcases a simple method to alter the electronic and band structures of g-C3N4 with simultaneously introducing dopants and defects, leading to high-performance photo-ATRP and providing valuable insights for designing efficient photocatalytic systems for solar energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Meng Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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10
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Castellanos-Soriano J, Garnes-Portolés F, Jiménez MC, Leyva-Pérez A, Pérez-Ruiz R. In-Flow Heterogeneous Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:242-246. [PMID: 38800722 PMCID: PMC11117689 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photon upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is an attractive wavelength conversion with increasing use in organic synthesis in the homogeneous phase; however, this technology has not performed with canonical solid catalysts yet. Herein, a BOPHY dye covalently anchored on silica is successfully used as a sensitizer in a TTA system that efficiently catalyzes Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions. This procedure has enabled the implementation of in-flow reaction conditions for the synthesis of a variety of aromatic compounds, and mechanistic proof has been obtained by means of transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castellanos-Soriano
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València (UPV), Camino de Vera, S/N 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Garnes-Portolés
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (ITQ), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, S/N 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València (UPV), Camino de Vera, S/N 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química (ITQ), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, S/N 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València (UPV), Camino de Vera, S/N 46022 Valencia, Spain
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11
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Wu C, Wang Z, Liu W. Pushing the Limit of Photo-Controlled Polymerization: Hyperchromic and Bathochromic Effects. Molecules 2024; 29:2377. [PMID: 38792240 PMCID: PMC11124407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The photocatalyst (PC) zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) is highly efficient for photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. However, ZnTPP suffers from poor absorbance of orange light by the so-called Q-band of the absorption spectrum (maximum absorption wavelength λmax = 600 nm, at which molar extinction coefficient εmax = 1.0×104 L/(mol·cm)), hindering photo-curing applications that entail long light penetration paths. Over the past decade, there has not been any competing candidate in terms of efficiency, despite a myriad of efforts in PC design. By theoretical evaluation, here we rationally introduce a peripheral benzo moiety on each of the pyrrole rings of ZnTPP, giving zinc tetraphenyl tetrabenzoporphyrin (ZnTPTBP). This modification not only enlarges the conjugation length of the system, but also alters the a1u occupied π molecular orbital energy level and breaks the accidental degeneracy between the a1u and a2u orbitals, which is responsible for the low absorption intensity of the Q-band. As a consequence, not only is there a pronounced hyperchromic and bathochromic effect (λmax = 655 nm and εmax = 5.2×104 L/(mol·cm)) of the Q-band, but the hyperchromic effect is achieved without increasing the intensity of the less useful, low wavelength absorption peaks of the PC. Remarkably, this strong 655 nm absorption takes advantage of deep-red (650-700 nm) light, a major component of solar light exhibiting good atmosphere penetration, exploited by the natural PC chlorophyll a as well. Compared with ZnTPP, ZnTPTBP displayed a 49% increase in PET-RAFT polymerization rate with good control, marking a significant leap in the area of photo-controlled polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Wang
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zikuan Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
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12
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Jeong J, Hu X, Yin R, Fantin M, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Nucleic Acid-Binding Dyes as Versatile Photocatalysts for Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13598-13606. [PMID: 38691811 PMCID: PMC11100002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-binding dyes (NuABDs) are fluorogenic probes that light up after binding to nucleic acids. Taking advantage of their fluorogenicity, NuABDs have been widely utilized in the fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology for diagnostic and analytical applications. We demonstrate the potential of NuABDs together with an appropriate nucleic acid scaffold as an intriguing photocatalyst for precisely controlled atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Additionally, we systematically investigated the thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of the dyes, providing insights into the mechanism that drives the photopolymerization. The versatility of the NuABD-based platform was also demonstrated through successful polymerizations using several NuABDs in conjunction with diverse nucleic acid scaffolds, such as G-quadruplex DNA or DNA nanoflowers. This study not only extends the horizons of controlled photopolymerization but also broadens opportunities for nucleic acid-based materials and technologies, including nucleic acid-polymer biohybrids and stimuli-responsive ATRP platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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13
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Luo X, Zhai Y, Wang P, Tian B, Liu S, Li J, Yang C, Strehmel V, Li S, Matyjaszewski K, Yilmaz G, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Light-Mediated Polymerization Catalyzed by Carbon Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316431. [PMID: 38012084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots and carbon nitrides, play a crucial role as heterogeneous photoinitiators in both radical and cationic polymerization processes. These recently introduced materials offer promising solutions to the limitations of current homogeneous systems, presenting a novel approach to photopolymerization. This review highlights the preparation and photocatalytic performance of these nanomaterials, emphasizing their application in various polymerization techniques, including photoinduced i) free radical, ii) RAFT, iii) ATRP, and iv) cationic photopolymerization. Additionally, it discusses their potential in addressing contemporary challenges and explores prospects in this field. Moreover, carbon nitrides, in particular, exhibit exceptional oxygen tolerance, underscoring their significance in radical polymerization processes and allowing their applications such as 3D printing, surface modification of coatings, and hydrogel engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
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14
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Yang H, Wang J, Zhao R, Hou L. Precise Regulation in Chain-Edge Structural Microenvironments of 1D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400688. [PMID: 38659172 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute a promising research topic for photocatalytic reactions, but the rules and conformational relationships of 1D COFs are poorly defined. Herein, the chain edge structure is designed by precise modulation at the atomic level, and the 1D COFs bonded by C, O, and S elements is directionally prepared for oxygen-tolerant photoinduced electron transfer-atom transfer radical polymerization (PET-ATRP) reactions. It is demonstrated that heteroatom-type chain edge structures (─O─, ─S─) lead to a decrease in intra-plane conjugation, which restricts the effective transport of photogenerated electrons along the direction of the 1D strip. In contrast, the all-carbon type chain edge structure (─C─) with higher intra-plane conjugation not only reduces the energy loss of photoexcited electrons but also enhances the carrier density, which exhibits the optimal photopolymerization performance. This work offers valuable guidance in the exploitation of 1D COFs for high photocatalytic performance. This work offers valuable guidance in the exploitation of 1D COFs for high photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhicheng College of Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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15
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Kowalik P, Bujak P, Penkala M, Iuliano A, Wielgus I, Peret K, Pron A. Ag-In-Zn-S alloyed nanocrystals as photocatalysts of controlled light-mediated radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4326-4329. [PMID: 38536064 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report on the first case of the use of nonstoichiometric ternary (Ag-In-Zn-S) semiconductor nanocrystals as photoinitiators and photocatalysts of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization. Two types of nanocrystals were tested, differing in their composition and characterized by red (λmax = 731 nm) and green (λmax = 528 nm) photoluminescence, respectively. Exploiting their reducing properties and capability of free radical generation we demonstrate that under ultraviolet (UV) radiation they effectively photoinitiate radical polymerization of MMA whereas under visible light (blue or green) they act as photocatalysts of living radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kowalik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Ireneusz Wielgus
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Karolina Peret
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
| | - Adam Pron
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland.
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16
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Wang P, Ge M, Luo X, Zhai Y, Meckbach N, Strehmel V, Li S, Chen Z, Strehmel B. Confinement of Sustainable Carbon Dots Results in Long Afterglow Emitters and Photocatalyst for Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402915. [PMID: 38569128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable carbon dots based on cellulose, particularly carboxymethyl cellulose carbon dots (CMCCDs), were confined in an inorganic network resulting in CMCCDs@SiO2. This resulted in a material exhibiting long afterglow covering a time frame of several seconds also under air. Temperature-dependent emission spectra gave information on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) while photocurrent experiments provided a deeper understanding of charge availability in the dark period, and therefore, its availability on the photocatalyst surface. The photo-ATRP initiator, ethyl α-bromophenylacetate (EBPA), quenched the emission from the millisecond to the nanosecond time frame indicating participation of the triplet state in photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Both free radical and controlled radical polymerization based on photo-ATRP protocol worked successfully. Metal-free photo-ATRP resulted in chain extendable macroinitiators based on a reductive mechanism with either MMA or in combination with styrene. Addition of 9 ppm Cu2+ resulted in Mw/Mn of 1.4 while an increase to 72 ppm improved uniformity of the polymers; that is Mw/Mn=1.03. Complementary experiments with kerria laca carbon dots confined materials, namely KCDs@SiO2, provided similar results. Deposition of Cu2+ (9 ppm) on the photocatalyst surface explains better uniformity of the polymers formed in the ATRP protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Min Ge
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Xiongfei Luo
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Nicolai Meckbach
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang International Joint Lab of Advanced Biomass Materials, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
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17
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Lu C, Zhu XF, Wang Y, Wu GP. Organoboron-mediated polymerizations. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3384-3456. [PMID: 38411207 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community has witnessed extensive developments and applications of organoboron compounds as synthetic elements and metal-free catalysts for the construction of small molecules, macromolecules, and functional materials over the last two decades. This review highlights the achievements of organoboron-mediated polymerizations in the past several decades alongside the mechanisms underlying these transformations from the standpoint of the polymerization mode. Emphasis is placed on free radical polymerization, Lewis pair polymerization, ionic (cationic and anionic) polymerization, and polyhomologation. Herein, alkylborane/O2 initiating systems mediate the radical polymerization under ambient conditions in a controlled/living manner by careful optimization of the alkylborane structure or additives; when combined with Lewis bases, the selected organoboron compounds can mediate the Lewis pair polymerization of polar monomers; the bicomponent organoboron-based Lewis pairs and bifunctional organoboron-onium catalysts catalyze ring opening (co)polymerization of cyclic monomers (with heteroallenes, such as epoxides, CO2, CO, COS, CS2, episulfides, anhydrides, and isocyanates) with well-defined structures and high reactivities; and organoboranes initiate the polyhomologation of sulfur ylides and arsonium ylides providing functional polyethylene with different topologies. The topological structures of the produced polymers via these organoboron-mediated polymerizations are also presented in this review mainly including linear polymers, block copolymers, cyclic polymers, and graft polymers. We hope the summary and understanding of how organoboron compounds mediate polymerizations can inspire chemists to apply these principles in the design of more advanced organoboron compounds, which may be beneficial for the polymer chemistry community and organometallics/organocatalysis community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chenjie Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Kwon Y, Lee S, Kim J, Jun J, Jeon W, Park Y, Kim HJ, Gierschner J, Lee J, Kim Y, Kwon MS. Ultraviolet light blocking optically clear adhesives for foldable displays via highly efficient visible-light curing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2829. [PMID: 38565557 PMCID: PMC10987679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In developing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel for a foldable smartphone (specifically, a color filter on encapsulation) aimed at reducing power consumption, the use of a new optically clear adhesive (OCA) that blocks UV light was crucial. However, the incorporation of a UV-blocking agent within the OCA presented a challenge, as it restricted the traditional UV-curing methods commonly used in the manufacturing process. Although a visible-light curing technique for producing UV-blocking OCA was proposed, its slow curing speed posed a barrier to commercialization. Our study introduces a highly efficient photo-initiating system (PIS) for the rapid production of UV-blocking OCAs utilizing visible light. We have carefully selected the photocatalyst (PC) to minimize electron and energy transfer to UV-blocking agents and have chosen co-initiators that allow for faster electron transfer and more rapid PC regeneration compared to previously established amine-based co-initiators. This advancement enabled a tenfold increase in the production speed of UV-blocking OCAs, while maintaining their essential protective, transparent, and flexible properties. When applied to OLED devices, this OCA demonstrated UV protection, suggesting its potential for broader application in the safeguarding of various smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Jun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngdo Kim
- Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Park Y, Kim J, Ahn D, Yu Y, Lee W, Kwon MS. Biomass-Derived Optically Clear Adhesives for Foldable Displays. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301795. [PMID: 38551333 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Novel acrylate monomers, derived from terpenes are synthesized for use in optically clear adhesives (OCAs) suitable for foldable displays. These OCAs are prepared using visible-light-driven polymerization, an eco-friendly method. Through physical, rheological, and mechanical characterization, the prepared OCAs possess low modulus and exhibit outstanding creep and recovery properties, making them suitable for foldable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowon Ahn
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchang Yu
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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20
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Zhang Y, Li M, Li B, Sheng W. Surface Functionalization with Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Current Challenges. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5571-5589. [PMID: 38440955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymer brushes have received great attention in recent years due to their distinctive properties and wide range of applications. The synthesis of polymer brushes typically employs surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) techniques. To realize the control of the polymerization process in different environments, various SI-ATRP techniques triggered by different stimuli have been developed. This review focuses on the latest developments in different stimuli-triggered SI-ATRP methods, such as electrochemically mediated, photoinduced, enzyme-assisted, mechanically controlled, and organocatalyzed ATRP. Additionally, SI-ATRP technology triggered by a combination of multiple stimuli sources is also discussed. Furthermore, the applications of polymer brushes in lubrication, biological applications, antifouling, and catalysis are also systematically summarized and discussed. Despite the advancements in the synthesis of various types of 1D, 2D, and 3D polymer brushes via controlled radical polymerization, contemporary challenges remain in the quest for more efficient and straightforward synthetic protocols that allow for precise control over the composition, structure, and functionality of polymer brushes. We anticipate the readers could promote the understanding of surface functionalization based on ATRP-mediated polymer brushes and envision future directions for their application in surface coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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21
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Yang Z, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Zhang X, Liao S. Asymmetric Ion-Pairing Photoredox Catalysis for Stereoselective Cationic Polymerization under Light Control. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6449-6455. [PMID: 38316013 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
By virtue of noninvasive regulations by light, photocontrolled polymerizations have attracted considerable attention for the precision synthesis of macromolecules. However, a cationic polymerization with simultaneous photocontrol and tacticity-regulation remains elusive so far. Herein, we introduce an asymmetric ion-pairing photoredox catalysis strategy that allows for the development of a stereoselective cationic polymerization with concurrent light regulation for the first time. By employing an ion pair catalyst (PC+/*A-) consisting of a photoredox active cation (PC+) and a sterically confined chiral anion (*A-) to deliver the stereochemical control, the cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers can be achieved with photocontrol and high isotactic selectivity (up to 91% m) at a remarkable low catalyst loading (50 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Zhu J, Wang R, Ma Z, Zuo W, Zhu M. Unleashing the Power of PET-RAFT Polymerization: Journey from Porphyrin-Based Photocatalysts to Combinatorial Technologies and Advanced Bioapplications. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1371-1390. [PMID: 38346318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of photoinduced energy/electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (PET-RAFT) not only revolutionized the field of photopolymerization but also accelerated the development of porphyrin-based photocatalysts and their analogues. The continual expansion of the monomer family compatible with PET-RAFT polymerization enhances the range of light radiation that can be harnessed, providing increased flexibility in polymerization processes. Furthermore, the versatility of PET-RAFT polymerization extends beyond its inherent capabilities, enabling its integration with various technologies in diverse fields. This integration holds considerable promise for the advancement of biomaterials with satisfactory bioapplications. As researchers delve deeper into the possibilities afforded by PET-RAFT polymerization, the collaborative efforts of individuals from diverse disciplines will prove invaluable in unleashing its full potential. This Review presents a concise introduction to the fundamental principles of PET-RAFT, outlines the progress in photocatalyst development, highlights its primary applications, and offers insights for future advancements in this technique, paving the way for exciting innovations and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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23
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Xiao Y, Wang Z, Yao B, Cao M, Wang Y. Guiding the Driving Factors on Plasma Super-Photothermal S-Scheme Core-Shell Nanoreactor to Enhance Photothermal Catalytic H 2 Evolution and Selective CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304843. [PMID: 37936334 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced heat has a non-negligible role in photocatalytic reactions. However, it is still challenging to design highly efficient catalysts that can make use of light and thermal energy synergistically. Herein, the study proposes a plasma super-photothermal S-scheme heterojunction core-shell nanoreactor based on manipulation of the driving factors, which consists of α-Fe2 O3 encapsulated by g-C3 N4 modified with gold quantum dots. α-Fe2 O3 can promote carrier spatial separation while also acting as a thermal core to radiate heat to the shell, while Au quantum dots transfer energetic electrons and heat to g-C3 N4 via surface plasmon resonance. Consequently, the catalytic activity of Au/α-Fe2 O3 @g-C3 N4 is significantly improved by internal and external double hot spots, and it shows an H2 evolution rate of 5762.35 µmol h-1 g-1 , and the selectivity of CO2 conversion to CH4 is 91.2%. This work provides an effective strategy to design new plasma photothermal catalysts for the solar-to-fuel transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Xiao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, P. R. China
| | - Zhezhe Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, P. R. China
| | - Minhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yude Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, Yunnan University, Kunming, 6500504, P. R. China
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24
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O’Dea C, Isokuortti J, Comer EE, Roberts ST, Page ZA. Triplet Upconversion under Ambient Conditions Enables Digital Light Processing 3D Printing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:272-282. [PMID: 38435512 PMCID: PMC10906251 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The rapid photochemical conversion of materials from liquid to solid (i.e., curing) has enabled the fabrication of modern plastics used in microelectronics, dentistry, and medicine. However, industrialized photocurables remain restricted to unimolecular bond homolysis reactions (Type I photoinitiations) that are driven by high-energy UV light. This narrow mechanistic scope both challenges the production of high-resolution objects and restricts the materials that can be produced using emergent manufacturing technologies (e.g., 3D printing). Herein we develop a photosystem based on triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) that efficiently drives a Type I photocuring process using green light at low power density (<10 mW/cm2) and in the presence of ambient oxygen. This system also exhibits a superlinear dependence of its cure depth on the light exposure intensity, which enhances spatial resolution. This enables for the first-time integration of TTA-UC in an inexpensive, rapid, and high-resolution manufacturing process, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Moreover, relative to traditional Type I and Type II (photoredox) strategies, the present TTA-UC photoinitiation method results in improved cure depth confinement and resin shelf stability. This report provides a user-friendly avenue to utilize TTA-UC in ambient photochemical processes and paves the way toward fabrication of next-generation plastics with improved geometric precision and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor
J. O’Dea
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Jussi Isokuortti
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Emma E. Comer
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Sean T. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Zachariah A. Page
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
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25
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Karak P, Moitra T, Banerjee A, Ruud K, Chakrabarti S. Accidental triplet harvesting in donor-acceptor dyads with low spin-orbit coupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5344-5355. [PMID: 38268441 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04904c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We present an accidental mechanism for efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet states with low spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in molecules having donor-acceptor (D-A) moieties separated by a Sigma bond. Our study shows that SOC between the lowest singlet excited state and the higher-lying triplet states, together with nuclear motion-driven coupling of this triplet state with lower-lying triplet states during the free rotation about a Sigma bond, is one of the possible ways to achieve the experimentally observed ISC rate for a class of D-A type photoredox catalysts. This mechanism is found to be the dominant contributor to the ISC process with the corresponding rate reaching a maximum at a dihedral angle in the range of 72°-78° between the D-A moieties of 10-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,7-diphenyl-10H-phenoxazine and other molecules included in the study. We have further demonstrated that the same mechanism is operative in a specific spirobis[anthracene]dione molecule, where the D and A moieties are interlocked near to the optimal dihedral angle, indicating the plausible effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. The present finding is expected to have implications in strategies for the synthesis of new generations of triplet-harvesting organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Karak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Torsha Moitra
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, X-ray Photon Science, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O.Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Swapan Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
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26
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Wang Z, Wu C, Liu W. Toward the Rational Design of Organic Catalysts for Organocatalysed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:323. [PMID: 38337212 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thanks to their diversity, organic photocatalysts (PCs) have been widely used in manufacturing polymeric products with well-defined molecular weights, block sequences, and architectures. Still, however, more universal property-performance relationships are needed to enable the rational design of such PCs. That is, a set of unique descriptors ought to be identified to represent key properties of the PCs relevant for polymerisation. Previously, the redox potentials of excited PCs (PC*) were used as a good descriptor for characterising very structurally similar PCs. However, it fails to elucidate PCs with diverse chromophore cores and ligands, among which those used for polymerisation are a good representative. As showcased by model systems of organocatalysed atom transfer radical polymerisation (O-ATRP), new universal descriptors accounting for additional factors, such as the binding and density overlap between the PC* and initiator, are proposed and proved to be successful in elucidating the experimental performances of PCs in polymerisation. While O-ATRP is exemplified here, the approach adopted is general for studying other photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Wang
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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27
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Bernat R, Szczepaniak G, Kamiński K, Paluch M, Matyjaszewski K, Maksym P. Visible-light-induced ATRP under high-pressure: synthesis of ultra-high-molecular-weight polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:843-846. [PMID: 38131455 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04982e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-pressure-assisted photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (p ≤ 250 MPa) enabled the synthesis of ultra-high-molecular-weight polymers (UHMWPs) of up to 9 350 000 and low/moderate dispersity (1.10 < Đ < 1.46) in a co-solvent system (water/DMSO), without reaction mixture deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Bernat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Paulina Maksym
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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28
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Zhou C, Zhang Z, Li W, Chen M. Organocatalyzed Photo-Controlled Synthesis of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Fluorinated Alternating Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314483. [PMID: 38014865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-molecular-weight (UHMW) polymers with tailored structures are highly desirable for the outstanding properties. In this work, we developed a novel photoorganocatalyzed controlled radical alternating copolymerizations of fluoroalkyl maleimide and diverse vinyl comonomers, enabling efficient preparation of fluorinated copolymers of predetermined UHMWs and well-defined structures at high conversions. Versatility of this method was demonstrated by expanding to controlled terpolymerization, which allows facial access toward fluorinated terpolymers of UHMWs and functional pendants. The obtained copolymers exhibited attractive physical properties and furnished thermoplastic, anticorrosive and (super)hydrophobic attributes as coatings on different substrates. Molecular simulations provided insights into the coating morphology, which unveiled a fluorous protective layer on the top surface with polar groups attached to the bottom substrate, resulting in good adhesion and hydrophobicity, simultaneously. This synthetic method and customized copolymers shed light on the design of high-performance coatings by macromolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengda Zhou
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences & Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, Kunshan, 215316, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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29
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Lin X, Gu Q, Li J, Zhu J. Zinc-Mediated Living Cationic Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1692-1697. [PMID: 38038281 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a facile and robust method for living cationic polymerization using zinc wire as a catalyst precursor. Well-defined poly(vinyl ether)s with various molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ < 1.10) can be achieved at room temperature. Excellent living characteristics were observed in kinetic and chain extension experiments. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the polymerization was catalyzed by the in situ generation of trace zinc ions, which is the key to polymerization under mild conditions. The utilization of zinc wire offers several advantages, including reusability, easy separation and low metal residue. Furthermore, we extended the application of this method in continuous flow polymerization, opening up a promising avenue for scalable and efficient industrial production under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qianxi Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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30
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Chen K, Guo X, Chen M. Controlled Radical Copolymerization toward Well-Defined Fluoropolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310636. [PMID: 37581580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past 80 years, fluoropolymers have found broad applications in both industrial and academic settings, owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Copolymerizations of fluoroalkene feedstocks present an important avenue to obtain high-performance materials by merging intrinsic attributes of fluorocarbons and great versatility of comonomers. Recently, while massive investigations have disclosed the great potentials of precisely synthesized polymers, researchers have made considerable efforts to approach well-defined fluorinated copolymers. This minireview discusses challenges in controlled radical copolymerizations (CRCPs) of fluoroalkenes and provides a concise perspective on recent progress in CRCPs of fluoroalkenes (e.g., tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers) with non-fluorinated vinyl comonomers, which have enabled on-demand preparations of various main-chain fluoropolymers with predefined molar masses, low dispersities, as well as regulable chemical compositions and sequences. The synthetic advantages of CRCPs will promote controlled and facile access to customized fluoropolymers for high-tech applications such as batteries, coatings and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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31
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Zhang Z, Chen K, Ameduri B, Chen M. Fluoropolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized via Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12431-12470. [PMID: 37906708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated polymeric nanoparticles (FPNPs) combine unique properties of fluorocarbon and polymeric nanoparticles, which has stimulated massive interest for decades. However, fluoropolymers are not readily available from nature, resulting in synthetic developments to obtain FPNPs via free radical polymerizations. Recently, while increasing cutting-edge directions demand tailored FPNPs, such materials have been difficult to access via conventional approaches. Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are powerful methods to afford well-defined polymers. Researchers have applied RDRPs to the fabrication of FPNPs, enabling the construction of particles with improved complexity in terms of structure, composition, morphology, and functionality. Related examples can be classified into three categories. First, well-defined fluoropolymers synthesized via RDRPs have been utilized as precursors to form FPNPs through self-folding and solution self-assembly. Second, thermally and photoinitiated RDRPs have been explored to realize in situ preparations of FPNPs with varied morphologies via polymerization-induced self-assembly and cross-linking copolymerization. Third, grafting from inorganic nanoparticles has been investigated based on RDRPs. Importantly, those advancements have promoted studies toward promising applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, biomedical delivery, energy storage, adsorption of perfluorinated alkyl substances, photosensitizers, and so on. This Review should present useful knowledge to researchers in polymer science and nanomaterials and inspire innovative ideas for the synthesis and applications of FPNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier 34296, France
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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32
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Dillon AD, Gieseking RLM. Convergence of Time-Derivative Nonadiabatic Couplings in Plane-Wave DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9612-9620. [PMID: 37924298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of charge carrier relaxation rates is essential to design molecules and materials with the desired photochemical properties for applications like photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics allows one to simulate the relaxation process of excited charge carriers. Plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations make the time-derivative nonadiabatic couplings (TNACs) simple to compute because the basis is independent of the atomic positions. However, the effect of the kinetic energy cutoff for the plane-wave basis on the accuracy of the dynamics has not been studied. Here, we examine the effect of the kinetic energy cutoff on the TNACs and decay time scales for the prototypical model system of tetracene. These calculations show that the choice of kinetic energy cutoff can change the relaxation time by up to 30%. The relaxation times of states that have small TNACs to other states or are far from degenerate are more sensitive to the kinetic energy cutoff than those of states with large TNACs or near degeneracies. A kinetic energy cutoff of 60 Ry is sufficient for all states to reach semiquantitative agreement (absolute error <10%) with the decay times of our 110 Ry reference data, and a cutoff of 80 Ry is required for all states to reach quantitative agreement (absolute error <2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alva D Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Rebecca L M Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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33
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Hu X, Szczepaniak G, Lewandowska-Andralojc A, Jeong J, Li B, Murata H, Yin R, Jazani AM, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Red-Light-Driven Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for High-Throughput Polymer Synthesis in Open Air. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24315-24327. [PMID: 37878520 PMCID: PMC10636753 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) techniques offer exceptional control over polymerization, providing access to well-defined polymers and hybrid materials with complex architectures. However, most photo-RDRP methods rely on UV/visible light or photoredox catalysts (PCs), which require complex multistep synthesis. Herein, we present the first example of fully oxygen-tolerant red/NIR-light-mediated photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) in a high-throughput manner under biologically relevant conditions. The method uses commercially available methylene blue (MB+) as the PC and [X-CuII/TPMA]+ (TPMA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) complex as the deactivator. The mechanistic study revealed that MB+ undergoes a reductive quenching cycle in the presence of the TPMA ligand used in excess. The formed semireduced MB (MB•) sustains polymerization by regenerating the [CuI/TPMA]+ activator and together with [X-CuII/TPMA]+ provides control over the polymerization. This dual catalytic system exhibited excellent oxygen tolerance, enabling polymerizations with high monomer conversions (>90%) in less than 60 min at low volumes (50-250 μL) and high-throughput synthesis of a library of well-defined polymers and DNA-polymer bioconjugates with narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ < 1.30) in an open-air 96-well plate. In addition, the broad absorption spectrum of MB+ allowed ATRP to be triggered under UV to NIR irradiation (395-730 nm). This opens avenues for the integration of orthogonal photoinduced reactions. Finally, the MB+/Cu catalysis showed good biocompatibility during polymerization in the presence of cells, which expands the potential applications of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska-Andralojc
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bingda Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Arman Moini Jazani
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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34
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Puffer KO, Corbin DA, Miyake GM. Impact of Alkyl Core Substitution Kinetics in Diaryl Dihydrophenazine Photoredox Catalysts on Properties and Performance in O-ATRP. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14042-14051. [PMID: 38883439 PMCID: PMC11178316 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) is a controlled radical polymerization method mediated by organic photoredox catalysts (PCs) for producing polymers with well-defined structures. While N,N-diaryl dihydrophenazine PCs have successfully produced polymers with low dispersity (Đ < 1.3) in O-ATRP, low initiator efficiencies (I* ~ 60-80%) indicate an inability to achieve targeted molecular weights and have been attributed to the addition of radicals to the PC core. In this work, we measure the rates of alkyl core substitution (AkCS) to gain insight into why PCs differing in N-aryl group connectivity exhibit differences in polymerization control. Additionally, we evaluate how PC properties evolve during O-ATRP when a non-core-substituted PC is used. PC 1 with 1-naphthyl groups in the N-aryl position resulted in faster AkCS (k 1 = 1.21 ± 0.16 × 10-3 s-1, k 2 = 2.04 ± 0.11 × 10-3 s-1) and better polymerization control at early reaction times as indicated by plots of molecular weight (number average molecular weight = M n) vs conversion compared to PC 2 with 2-naphthyl groups (k 1 = 6.28 ± 0.38 × 10-4 s-1, k 2 = 1.15 ± 0.07 × 10-3 s-1). The differences in rates indicate that N-aryl connectivity can influence polymerization control by changing the rate of AkCS PC formation. The rate of AkCS increased from the initial to the second substitution, suggesting that PC properties are modified by AkCS. Increased PC radical cation (PC•+) oxidation potentials (E 1/2 = 0.26-0.27 V vs SCE) or longer triplet excited-state lifetimes (τ T1 = 1.4-33 μs) for AkCS PCs 1b and 2b compared to parent PCs 1 and 2 (E 1/2 = 0.21-0.22 V vs SCE, τ T1 = 0.61-3.3 μs) were observed and may explain changes to PC performance with AkCS. Insight from evaluation of the formation, properties, and performance of AkCS PCs will facilitate their use in O-ATRP and in other PC-driven organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O Puffer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Daniel A Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Wu Z, Boyer C. Near-Infrared Light-Induced Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Expanding Frontiers in Photopolymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304942. [PMID: 37750445 PMCID: PMC10667859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) or photoinduced controlled/living radical polymerization has emerged as a versatile and powerful technique for preparing functional and advanced polymer materials under mild conditions by harnessing light energy. While UV and visible light (λ = 400-700 nm) are extensively employed in photo-RDRP, the utilization of near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (λ = 700-2500 nm) beyond the visible region remains relatively unexplored. NIR light possesses unique properties, including enhanced light penetration, reduced light scattering, and low biomolecule absorption, thereby providing opportunities for applying photo-RDRP in the fields of manufacturing and medicine. This comprehensive review categorizes all known NIR light-induced RDRP (NIR-RDRP) systems into four mechanism-based types: mediation by upconversion nanoparticles, mediation by photocatalysts, photothermal conversion, and two-photon absorption. The distinct photoinitiation pathways associated with each mechanism are discussed. Furthermore, this review highlights the diverse applications of NIR-RDRP reported to date, including 3D printing, polymer brush fabrication, drug delivery, nanoparticle synthesis, and hydrogel formation. By presenting these applications, the review underscores the exceptional capabilities of NIR-RDRP and offers guidance for developing high-performance and versatile photopolymerization systems. Exploiting the unique properties of NIR light unlocks new opportunities for synthesizing functional and advanced polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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36
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Shiels OJ, Menti-Platten M, Bokosi FRB, Burns BR, Keaveney ST, Keller PA, Barker PJ, Trevitt AJ. A Photoreactor-Interfaced Mass Spectrometer: An Online Platform to Monitor Photochemical Reactions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15472-15476. [PMID: 37830912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
An experimental platform is reported that allows for the online characterization of photochemical reactions by coupling a continuous flow photoreactor, equipped with LED light irradiation and a dual-tipped ESI source, directly to a mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The capabilities of this platform are demonstrated with two classes of photoreactions: (1) the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and (2) photocatalyzed alkyne insertion into a 1,2,3-benzotriazinone. The online technique provides rapid information to inform the underlying photochemical mechanism and evaluate the overall photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisin J Shiels
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Maria Menti-Platten
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Fostino R B Bokosi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brett R Burns
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sinead T Keaveney
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Paul A Keller
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Philip J Barker
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
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37
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Wang Z, Cui F, Sui Y, Yan J. Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1580-1603. [PMID: 37915554 PMCID: PMC10616707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feichen Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
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38
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Lorandi F, Fantin M, Jafari H, Gorczynski A, Szczepaniak G, Dadashi-Silab S, Isse AA, Matyjaszewski K. Reactivity Prediction of Cu-Catalyzed Halogen Atom Transfer Reactions Using Data-Driven Techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21587-21599. [PMID: 37733464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In catalysis, linear free energy relationships (LFERs) are commonly used to identify reaction descriptors that enable the prediction of outcomes and the design of more effective catalysts. Herein, LFERs are established for the reductive cleavage of the C(sp3)-X bond in alkyl halides (RX) by Cu complexes. This reaction represents the activation step in atom transfer radical polymerization and atom transfer radical addition/cyclization. The values of the activation rate constant, kact, for 107 Cu complex/RX couples in 5 different solvents spanning over 13 orders of magnitude were effectively interpolated by the equation: log kact = sC(I + C + S), where I, C, and S are, respectively, the initiator, catalyst, and solvent parameters, and sC is the catalyst-specific sensitivity parameter. Furthermore, each of these parameters was correlated to relevant descriptors, which included the bond dissociation free energy of RX and its Tolman cone angle θ, the electron affinity of X, the radical stabilization energy, the standard reduction potential of the Cu complex, the polarizability parameter π* of the solvent, and the distortion energy of the complex in its transition state. This set of descriptors establishes the fundamental properties of Cu complexes and RX that determine their reactivity and that need to be considered when designing novel systems for atom transfer radical reactions. Finally, a multivariate linear regression (MLR) approach was adopted to develop an objective model that surpassed the predictive capability of the LFER equation. Thus, the MLR model was employed to predict kact values for >2000 Cu complex/RX pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Adam Gorczynski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Abdirisak A Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Back JH, Kwon Y, Cho H, Lee H, Ahn D, Kim HJ, Yu Y, Kim Y, Lee W, Kwon MS. Visible-Light-Curable Acrylic Resins toward UV-Light-Blocking Adhesives for Foldable Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204776. [PMID: 35901501 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current technological advances in the organic light-emitting diode panel design of foldable smartphones demand advanced adhesives with UV-blocking abilities, beyond their conventional roles of bonding objects and relieving deformation stress. However, optically clear adhesives (OCAs) with UV-blocking ability cannot be prepared using conventional UV-curing methods relying on a photoinitiator. Herein, a new acrylic resin that can be efficiently cured using visible light without oxygen removal is presented, which may be used to develop UV-blocking OCAs for use in current flexible displays. A novel photocatalyst and a specific combination of additives facilitate sufficiently rapid curing under visible light in the presence of UV-absorbers. Only a very small amount of the highly active photocatalyst is required to prepare UV-blocking OCA films with very high transparency in the visible region. Using this system, a UV-blocking OCA that nearly meets the specifications of an OCA used in commercialized foldable smartphones is realized. This technology can also be utilized in other applications that require highly efficient visible light curing, such as optically clear resins, dental resins, and 3D/4D-printable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Back
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeju Cho
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Huesoo Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowon Ahn
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchang Yu
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Kim
- Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Cheonan, 31086, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hulnik M, Trofimuk D, Nikishau PA, Kiliclar HC, Kiskan B, Kostjuk SV. Visible-Light-Induced Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene: A Route toward the Synthesis of End-Functional Polyisobutylene. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1125-1131. [PMID: 37497867 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The visible-light-induced cationic polymerization of isobutylene with a dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10)/diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2I+PF6-) photoinitiating system in a CH2Cl2/n-hexane mixture at -30 °C was reported. It was shown that polymerization is initiated by chloromethylisobutyl carbocations generated by the oxidation of chloromethylisobutyl radicals by Ph2I+PF6-. The latter are formed via chlorine abstraction from solvent (CH2Cl2) by MnCO5· radicals, which are generated by the photoinduced decomposition of Mn2(CO)10, followed by single isobutylene addition. This initiating system allowed us to synthesize valuable low molecular weight polyisobutylene with a relatively low polydispersity (Mn = 2000-3000 g mol-1; Đ < 1.7) and high content of exo-olefin end groups (up to 90%). The molecular weight of polyisobutylenes could be easily controlled in the range from 2000 to 12000 g mol-1 by changing the diphenyl iodonium salt concentration. Poly(β-pinene) with Mn = 5000 g mol-1 and Đ ∼ 2.0 was successfully synthesized using the same photoinitiating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Hulnik
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Diana Trofimuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Pavel A Nikishau
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Hüseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sergei V Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
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41
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Fang WW, Yang GY, Fan ZH, Chen ZC, Hu XL, Zhan Z, Hussain I, Lu Y, He T, Tan BE. Conjugated cross-linked phosphine as broadband light or sunlight-driven photocatalyst for large-scale atom transfer radical polymerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2891. [PMID: 37210380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of light to regulate photocatalyzed reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) under mild conditions, especially driven by broadband light or sunlight directly, is highly desired. But the development of a suitable photocatalyzed polymerization system for large-scale production of polymers, especially block copolymers, has remained a big challenge. Herein, we report the development of a phosphine-based conjugated hypercrosslinked polymer (PPh3-CHCP) photocatalyst for an efficient large-scale photoinduced copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (Cu-ATRP). Monomers including acrylates and methyl acrylates can achieve near-quantitative conversions under a wide range (450-940 nm) of radiations or sunlight directly. The photocatalyst could be easily recycled and reused. The sunlight-driven Cu-ATRP allowed the synthesis of homopolymers at 200 mL from various monomers, and monomer conversions approached 99% in clouds intermittency with good control over polydispersity. In addition, block copolymers at 400 mL scale can also be obtained, which demonstrates its great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Gui-Yu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Zi-Chao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xun-Liang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore Cantt, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Tao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Bi-En Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China.
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42
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Strover LT, Zetterlund PB, Moad G. Electrochemically-Initiated RAFT Synthesis of Low Dispersity Multiblock Copolymers by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:331-337. [PMID: 36802531 PMCID: PMC10035029 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe electrochemically initiated emulsion polymerization with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (eRAFT) to form well-defined multiblock copolymers with low molar mass dispersity. We demonstrate the utility of our emulsion eRAFT process with the synthesis of low dispersity multiblock copolymers by seeded RAFT emulsion polymerization at ambient temperature (∼30 °C). Thus, a triblock, poly(butyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(4-methylstyrene) [PBMA-b-PSt-b-PMS], and a tetrablock, poly(butyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-stat-butyl acrylate)-block-polystyrene [PBMA-b-PSt-b-P(BA-stat-St)-b-PSt], were synthesized as free-flowing, colloidally stable latexes commencing with a surfactant-free poly(butyl methacrylate) macroRAFT agent seed latex. A straightforward sequential addition strategy with no intermediate purification steps was able to be employed due to the high monomer conversions achieved in each step. The method takes full advantage of compartmentalization phenomena and the nanoreactor concept described in previous work to achieve the predicted molar mass, low molar mass dispersity (Đ ∼ 1.1-1.2), incrementing particle size (Zav = 100-115 nm), and low particle size dispersity (PDI ∼ 0.02) for each generation of the multiblocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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43
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Glotz G, Püschmann S, Haas M, Gescheidt G. Direct detection of photo-induced reactions by IR: from Brook rearrangement to photo-catalysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00406-4. [PMID: 36933157 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
In situ IR detection of photoreactions induced by the light of LEDs at appropriate wavelengths provides a simple, cost-effective, and versatile method to get insight into mechanistic details. In particular, conversions of functional groups can be selectively followed. Overlapping UV-Vis bands or fluorescence from the reactants and products and the incident light do not obstruct IR detection. Compared with in situ photo-NMR, our setup does not require tedious sample preparation (optical fibers) and offers a selective detection of reactions, even at positions where 1H-NMR lines overlap or 1H resonances are not clear-cut. We illustrate the applicability of our setup following the photo-Brook rearrangement of (adamant-1-yl-carbonyl)-tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, address photo-induced α-bond cleavage (1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone), study photoreduction using tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II), investigate photo-oxygenation of double bonds with molecular oxygen and the fluorescent 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium photocatalyst, and address photo-polymerization. With the LED/FT-IR combination, reactions can be qualitatively followed in fluid solution, (highly) viscous environments, and in the solid state. Viscosity changes during the reaction (e.g., during a polymerization) do not obstruct the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabrina Püschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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44
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Kapil K, Jazani AM, Szczepaniak G, Murata H, Olszewski M, Matyjaszewski K. Fully Oxygen-Tolerant Visible-Light-Induced ATRP of Acrylates in Water: Toward Synthesis of Protein-Polymer Hybrids. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2017-2026. [PMID: 36938511 PMCID: PMC10019465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, photoinduced ATRP techniques have been developed to harness the energy of light to generate radicals. Most of these methods require the use of UV light to initiate polymerization. However, UV light has several disadvantages: it can degrade proteins, damage DNA, cause undesirable side reactions, and has low penetration depth in reaction media. Recently, we demonstrated green-light-induced ATRP with dual catalysis, where eosin Y (EYH2) was used as an organic photoredox catalyst in conjunction with a copper complex. This dual catalysis proved to be highly efficient, allowing rapid and well-controlled aqueous polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate without the need for deoxygenation. Herein, we expanded this system to synthesize polyacrylates under biologically relevant conditions using CuII/Me6TREN (Me6TREN = tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine) and EYH2 at ppm levels. Water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate (average M n = 480, OEOA480) was polymerized in open reaction vessels under green light irradiation (520 nm). Despite continuous oxygen diffusion, high monomer conversions were achieved within 40 min, yielding polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (1.17 ≤ D̵ ≤ 1.23) for a wide targeted DP range (50-800). In situ chain extension and block copolymerization confirmed the preserved chain end functionality. In addition, polymerization was triggered/halted by turning on/off a green light, showing temporal control. The optimized conditions also enabled controlled polymerization of various hydrophilic acrylate monomers, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate), and zwitterionic carboxy betaine acrylate. Notably, the method allowed the synthesis of well-defined acrylate-based protein-polymer hybrids using a straightforward reaction setup without rigorous deoxygenation.
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45
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Hu Y, Yu S, Ma N, Kong J, Zhang X. Rose bengal-mediated photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization for high sensitivity detection of target DNA. Talanta 2023; 254:124104. [PMID: 36521324 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Convenient and sensitive detection of biomolecules is of utmost importance in the field of early disease screening. In this study, a Rose Bengal-Mediated photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) method was used to achieve highly sensitive detection of target DNA (tDNA). The tDNA was specifically recognized using PNA with terminal modified sulfhydryl groups, and the initiator α-bromophenylacetic acid (BPAA) was attached to the electrode surface via a phosphate-Zr4+-carboxylate acid structure. Under the excitation of blue light, rose bengal (RB) acts as a photocatalyst, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as an electron donor, and ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) as a monomer to activate the photoATRP reaction and generate a large number of electroactive polymer chains on the electrode surface. Under optimal conditions, the method can be used for the quantitative analysis of tDNA in the concentration range of 1-105 fM (R2 = 0.994) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.115 fM. This metal-free mediated photoATRP biosensor, with low cost and environmental friendliness, has great potential in the field of highly sensitive biomolecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Hu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Shuaibing Yu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Nan Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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46
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Li L, Wan M, Li Z, Luo Y, Wu S, Liu X, Yagci Y. Coumarinacyl Anilinium Salt: A Versatile Visible and NIR Photoinitiator for Cationic and Step-Growth Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:263-268. [PMID: 36734851 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A coumarinacyl anilinium (CAA) salt, facilely synthesized via a one-pot reaction, is shown to be a versatile visible and NIR photoinitiator for cationic and step-growth polymerizations. CAA salt exhibits superior photoinitiation performance as compared to commercial iodonium salt in cationic polymerization. Upon visible-light irradiation, this salt undergoes hemolytic and heterolytic cleavage and subsequent electron transfer and hydrogen abstraction reactions, forming reactive species capable of initiating cationic polymerization of epoxides and vinyl monomers. After a short irradiation period, polymerization also proceeds in the dark due to the non-nucleophilic nature of the counteranion. NIR-induced polymerizations were successfully conducted based on upconversion photochemistry. CAA salt can also initiate step-growth polymerization of N-ethyl carbazole (NEC) by oxidation of the monomer by the photochemically formed anilium radical cations. Subsequent proton release and radical coupling reactions essentially yield polycarbazole. CAA salt, featuring straightforward synthesis and long-wavelength sensitivity as well as versatile photoinitiating performance, has great potential in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longji Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengdi Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong Province 522000, China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Shenzhan Industry Co., Ltd, 522000 Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong Province 522000, China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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47
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Controlling Radical Polymerization with Biocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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48
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Uchiyama M, Murakami Y, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Synthesis and Degradation of Vinyl Polymers with Evenly Distributed Thioacetal Bonds in Main Chains: Cationic DT Copolymerization of Vinyl Ethers and Cyclic Thioacetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215021. [PMID: 36369911 PMCID: PMC10107285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel method to synthesize degradable poly(vinyl ether)s with cleavable thioacetal bonds periodically arranged in the main chains using controlled cationic copolymerization of vinyl ethers with a 7-membered cyclic thioacetal (7-CTA) via degenerative chain transfer (DT) to the internal thioacetal bonds. The thioacetal bonds, which are introduced into the main chain by cationic ring-opening copolymerization of 7-CTA with vinyl ethers, serve as in-chain dormant species to allow homogeneous propagation of vinyl ethers for all internal segments to afford copolymers with controlled overall and segmental molecular weights. The obtained polymers can be degraded into low- and controlled-molecular-weight polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions via hydrolysis. Various vinyl ethers with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and functional pendants are available. Finally, one-pot synthesis of multiblock copolymers and their degradation into diblock copolymers are also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H120 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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49
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Wang W, Rondon B, Wang Z, Wang J, Niu J. Macrocyclic Allylic Sulfone as a Universal Comonomer in Organocatalyzed Photocontrolled Radical Copolymerization with Vinyl Monomers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts02467, United States
| | - Brayan Rondon
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts02467, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio44325, United States
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio44325, United States
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts02467, United States
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50
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Ma Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Graff B, Lalevee J. Dual photo/thermal initiation with charge transfer complexes based on bromide‐based electron acceptors. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Yiwu Liu
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse Mulhouse France
- East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jacques Lalevee
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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