1
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Maji M, Sousa-Silva A, Solans-Monfort X, Schrock RR, Conley MP, Farias P, Carta V. Thermal Formation of Metathesis-Active Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes from Cyclohexene. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38917446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A 7-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex forms slowly upon addition of cyclohexene to the ethylene complex, W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C2H4), at 22 °C. A single-crystal X-ray study showed its structure to be closest to a square pyramid (τ = 0.23). At 22 °C, loss of cyclohexene or ring contraction of the 7-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex is slow. Above ∼80 °C, cyclohexene is ejected to give W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C2H4), but a sufficient amount of 7-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex remains in the presence of cyclohexene and the ring contracts to yield methylenecyclohexane and a methylidene complex or ethylene and a cyclohexylidene complex. Other complexes that have been observed include an 8-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex formed from 1,7-octadiene, a 7-tungstabicyclo[4.2.0]octane complex (formed from a methylidene complex and cyclohexene), and a methylenecyclohexane complex. 13C-Labeling studies show that the exo-methylene group in methylenecyclohexane and the α positions in the 8-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane come from ethylene. An alternative ring contraction of a tungstacyclopentane made from two molecules of cyclohexene cannot be excluded when concentrations of ethylene are low. A cyclohexylidene complex could also form from two cyclohexenes via a newly proposed "alkyl/allyl" mechanism. The results reported here are the first experimental confirmations that a tungstacyclopentane can ring-contract thermally at a substituted WCα position to form a tungstacyclobutane and therefore metathesis-active alkylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | | | - Richard R Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Phillip Farias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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2
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Centeno-Vega I, Megías-Sayago C, Ivanova S. New insights for valorization of polyolefins/light alkanes: catalytic dehydrogenation of n-alkanes by immobilized pincer-iridium complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38887859 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This scientific review delves into the innovative realm of polyolefins/light alkanes valorization through their catalytic dehydrogenation employing pincer-ligated iridium organometallic complexes. These widely studied catalysts exhibit outstanding properties, although the intrinsic characteristics of homogeneous catalysis (such as challenging product-catalyst separation, poor applicability to continuous-flow processes and low recyclability) limit their activity and industrial application, as well as their thermal stability. Through the immobilization of complexes on inorganic supports, these downsides have been bypassed, harnessing the true potential of these catalysts, affording more selective and stable catalysts in addition to facilitating their implementation in industrial processes. The findings described herein contribute to the advancement in the understanding of catalytic processes in hydrocarbon transformations, offering promising avenues for sustainable and selective production of valuable chemical intermediates from readily available feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Centeno-Vega
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Cristina Megías-Sayago
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Duan Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Ban C, Feng Y, Tao X, Li A, Wang K, Zhang X, Han X, Fan W, Zhang B, Zou H, Gan L, Han G, Zhou X. Large-Scale Synthesis of High-Loading Single Metallic Atom Catalysts by a Metal Coordination Route. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404900. [PMID: 38857942 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Single atom catalyst (SAC) is one of the most efficient and versatile catalysts with well-defined active sites. However, its facile and large-scale preparation, the prerequisite of industrial applications, has been very challenging. This dilemma originates from the Gibbs-Thomson effect, which renders it rather difficult to achieve high single atom loading (< 3 mol%). Further, most synthesizing procedures are quite complex, resulting in significant mass loss and thus low yields. Herein, a novel metal coordination route is developed to address these issues simultaneously, which is realized owing to the rapid complexation between ligands (e.g., biuret) and metal ions in aqueous solutions and subsequent in situ polymerization of the formed complexes to yield SACs. The whole preparation process involves only one heating step operated in air without any special protecting atmospheres, showing general applicability for diverse transition metals. Take Cu SAC for an example, a record yield of up to 3.565 kg in one pot and an ultrahigh metal loading 16.03 mol% on carbon nitride (Cu/CN) are approached. The as-prepared SACs are demonstrated to possess high activity, outstanding selectivity, and robust cyclicity for CO2 photoreduction to HCOOH. This research explores a robust route toward cost-effective, massive production of SACs for potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyu Duan
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment, Chongqing, 401135, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Weixuan Zhang
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chaogang Ban
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yajie Feng
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaoping Tao
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hanjun Zou
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Liyong Gan
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment, Chongqing, 401135, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guang Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment, Chongqing, 401135, China
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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4
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Wu Y, Dorresteijn JM, Weckhuysen BM. Ethylene Polymerization over Metal-Organic Framework-Supported Zirconocene Complexes. ACS Catal 2024; 14:9093-9103. [PMID: 38868100 PMCID: PMC11165446 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metallocene immobilization onto a solid support helps to overcome the drawbacks of homogeneous metallocene complexes in the catalytic olefin polymerization. In this study, valuable insights have been obtained into the effects of pore size, linker composition, and surface groups of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on their role as support materials for metallocene-based ethylene polymerization catalysis. Three distinct Zn-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, MOF-5, IRMOF-3, and ZIF-8, with different linkers have been activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) and zirconocene complexes, followed by materials characterization and testing for ethylene polymerization. Characterization has been performed by multiple analytical tools, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and CO Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was found that the interactions between MOFs, MAO, and the zirconocene complex not only lead to both catalyst activation and deactivation but also result in the creation of multiple active sites. By alteration of the MOF support, it is possible to obtain polyethylene with different properties. Notably, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, M W = 5.34 × 106) was obtained using IRMOF-3 as support. This study reveals the potential of MOF materials as tunable porous supports for metallocene catalysts active in ethylene polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wu
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Institute for Sustainable and Circular
Chemistry and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hydrogen
Energy Utilization and Energy Storage Technology Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P. R. China
| | - Joren M. Dorresteijn
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Institute for Sustainable and Circular
Chemistry and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis group, Institute for Sustainable and Circular
Chemistry and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Chang ASM, Kascoutas MA, Valentine QP, How KI, Thomas RM, Cook AK. Alkene Isomerization Using a Heterogeneous Nickel-Hydride Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15596-15608. [PMID: 38771258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed alkene isomerization is an enabling technology used to install an alkene distal to its original site. Due to their well-defined structure, homogeneous catalysts can be fine-tuned to optimize reactivity, stereoselectivity, and positional selectivity, but they often suffer from instability and nonrecyclability. Heterogeneous catalysts are generally highly robust but continue to lack active-site specificity and are challenging to rationally improve through structural modification. Known single-site heterogeneous catalysts for alkene isomerization utilize precious metals and bespoke, expensive, and synthetically intense supports. Additionally, they generally have mediocre reactivity, inspiring us to develop a heterogeneous catalyst with an active site made from readily available compounds made of Earth-abundant elements. Previous work demonstrated that a very active homogeneous catalyst is formed upon protonation of Ni[P(OEt)3]4 by H2SO4, generating a [Ni-H]+ active site. This catalyst is incredibly active, but also decomposes readily, which severely limits its utility. Herein we show that by using a solid acid (sulfated zirconia, SZO300), not only is this decomposition prevented, but high activity is maintained, improved selectivity is achieved, and a broader scope of functional groups is tolerated. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that the catalytic reaction likely goes through an intermolecular, two-electron pathway. A detailed kinetic study comparing the state-of-the-art Ni and Pd isomerization catalysts reveals that the highest activity and selectivity is seen with the Ni/SZO300 system. The reactivity of Ni/SZO300, is not limited to alkene isomerization; it is also a competent catalyst for hydroalkenylation, hydroboration, and hydrosilylation, demonstrating the broad application of this heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Sy-Min Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Melanie A Kascoutas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Quinn P Valentine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Kiera I How
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Rachel M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Amanda K Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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6
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DeMuth JC, Kim YL, Hall JN, Syed ZH, Deng K, Perras FA, Ferrandon MS, Kropf AJ, Liu C, Kaphan DM, Delferro M. Silicon Nitride Surface Enabled Propane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Supported Organozirconium. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14404-14409. [PMID: 38754022 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Mesoporous silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a nontraditional support for the chemisorption of organometallic complexes with the potential for enhancing catalytic activity through features such as the increased Lewis basicity of nitrogen for heterolytic bond activation, increased ligand donor strength, and metal-ligand orbital overlap. Here, tetrabenzyl zirconium (ZrBn4) was chemisorbed on Si3N4, and the resulting supported organometallic species was characterized by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-enhanced Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DNP-SSNMR), and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). Based on the hypothesis that the nitride might enable facile heterolytic C-H bond activation along the Zr-N bond, this material was found to be a highly active (1.53 molpropene molZr-1 h-1 at 450 °C) and selective (99% to propylene) catalyst for propane dehydrogenation. In contrast, the homologous silica supported complex exhibited negligible activity under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C DeMuth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yu Lim Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jacklyn N Hall
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zoha H Syed
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaixi Deng
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Frédéric A Perras
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Magali S Ferrandon
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - A Jeremy Kropf
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David M Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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7
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Dumortier L, Chizallet C, Creton B, de Bruin T, Verstraelen T. Managing Expectations and Imbalanced Training Data in Reactive Force Field Development: An Application to Water Adsorption on Alumina. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3779-3797. [PMID: 38639642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ReaxFF is a computationally efficient model for reactive molecular dynamics simulations that has been applied to a wide variety of chemical systems. When ReaxFF parameters are not yet available for a chemistry of interest, they must be (re)optimized, for which one defines a set of training data that the new ReaxFF parameters should reproduce. ReaxFF training sets typically contain diverse properties with different units, some of which are more abundant (by orders of magnitude) than others. To find the best parameters, one conventionally minimizes a weighted sum of squared errors over all of the data in the training set. One of the challenges in such numerical optimizations is to assign weights so that the optimized parameters represent a good compromise among all the requirements defined in the training set. This work introduces a new loss function, called Balanced Loss, and a workflow that replaces weight assignment with a more manageable procedure. The training data are divided into categories with corresponding "tolerances", i.e., acceptable root-mean-square errors for the categories, which define the expectations for the optimized ReaxFF parameters. Through the Log-Sum-Exp form of Balanced Loss, the parameter optimization is also a validation of one's expectations, providing meaningful feedback that can be used to reconfigure the tolerances if needed. The new methodology is demonstrated with a nontrivial parametrization of ReaxFF for water adsorption on alumina. This results in a new force field that reproduces both the rare and frequent properties of a validation set not used for training. We also demonstrate the robustness of the new force field with a molecular dynamics simulation of water desorption from a γ-Al2O3 slab model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dumortier
- IFP Energies nouvelles, 1 et 4 Avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, Zwijnaarde, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Benoit Creton
- IFP Energies nouvelles, 1 et 4 Avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Theodorus de Bruin
- IFP Energies nouvelles, 1 et 4 Avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, Zwijnaarde, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Di Liberto G, Tosoni S. Stable, while Still Active? A DFT Study of Cu, Ag, and Au Single Atoms at the C 3N 4/TiO 2 Interface. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400378. [PMID: 38726548 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid DFT calculations are employed to compare the adsorption and stabilization of Cu, Ag, and Au atoms on graphitic C3N4 and on the heterojunction formed by g- C3N4 and TiO2. While Cu and Ag can be strongly chemisorbed in form of cations on g- C3N4, Au is only weakly physisorbed. On g- C3N4/TiO2, all coinage metal adatoms can be strongly chemisorbed, but, while Cu and Ag forms cations, Au form an Au- species. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics simulations confirm that the metal adatoms on g-C3N4 are highly mobile at room temperature, while they remain confined in the interfacial spacing between C3N4 and TiO2 on the heterojunction, being both stably bound and reachable for the reactants in a catalytic cycle. Doping g- C3N4/TiO2 with metal single atoms permits thus to generate catalytic systems with tunable charge and chemical properties and improved stability with respect to bare C3N4. Moreover, the changes in the electronic structure of g- C3N4/TiO2 induced by the presence of the metal single atoms are beneficial also for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
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9
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Cai Y, Zhang Y, Song X, Feng S, Yuan Q, Li X, Qiao P, Li B, Mu J, Yan L, Wu XF, Ding Y. Single-Pd-Site Catalyst Induced by Different Dimensional Nitrogen of N-Doping Carbon for Efficient Hydroaminocarbonylation of Alkynes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401103. [PMID: 38709231 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The unsaturated amides are traditionally synthesized by acylation of carboxylic acids or hydration of nitrile compounds but are rarely investigated by hydroaminocarbonylation of alkynes using heterogeneous single-metal-site catalysts (HSMSCs). Herein, single-Pd-site catalysts supported on N-doping carbon (NC) with different nitrogen dimensions inherited from corresponding metal-organic-framework precursors are successfully synthesized. 2D NC-supported single-Pd-site (Pd1/NC-2D) exhibited the best performance with near 100% selectivity and 76% yield of acrylamide for acetylene hydroaminocarbonylation with better stability, superior to those of Pd1/NC-3D, single-metal-site/nanoparticle coexisting catalyst, and nanoparticle catalyst. The coordination environment and molecular evolution of the single-Pd-site during the process of acetylene hydroaminocarbonylation on Pd1/NC-2D are detailly illuminated by various characterizations and density functional theoretical calculations (DFT). DFT also showed the energy barrier of rate-determining step on Pd1/NC-2D is lower than that of Pd1/NC-3D. Furthermore, Pd1/NC-2D catalyst illustrated the general applicability of the hydroaminocarbonylation for various alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Cai
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xiangen Song
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Siquan Feng
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Qiao Yuan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingju Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Panzhe Qiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Bin Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiali Mu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Li Yan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yunjie Ding
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
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10
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Dombrowski JP, Kalendra V, Ziegler MS, Lakshmi KV, Bell AT, Tilley TD. M-Ge-Si thermolytic molecular precursors and models for germanium-doped transition metal sites on silica. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7340-7349. [PMID: 38602311 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, thermolysis, and surface organometallic chemistry of thermolytic molecular precursors based on a new germanosilicate ligand platform, -OGe[OSi(OtBu)3]3, is described. Use of this ligand is demonstrated with preparation of complexes containing the first-row transition metals Cr, Mn, and Fe. The thermolysis and grafting behavior of the synthesized complexes, Fe{OGe[OSi(OtBu)3]3}2 (FeGe), Mn{OGe[OSi(OtBu)3]3}2(THF)2 (MnGe) and Cr{OGe[OSi(OtBu)3]3}2(THF)2 (CrGe), was evaluated using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies; and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Grafting of the precursors onto SBA-15 mesoporous silica and subsequent calcination in air led to substantial changes in transition metal coordination environments and oxidation states, the implications of which are discussed in the context of low-coordinate and low oxidation state thermolytic molecular precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Dombrowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Micah S Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Alexis T Bell
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
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11
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Wu Y, An H. Green Catalytic Synthesis of Ethylenediamine from Ethylene Glycol and Monoethanolamine: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18747-18756. [PMID: 38708193 PMCID: PMC11064204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a crucial chemical raw material and fine chemical intermediate. Compared with the industrial approach of ammonolysis of 1,2-dichloroethane, the catalytic amination of ethylene glycol (EG) is an economical and environmentally benign route that will be the future trend for EDA synthesis. Herein, we systemically review the recent progress in direct and indirect catalytic conversion of EG to EDA. Furthermore, different types of catalysts are discussed: (i) supported metal and multimetallic catalysts, (ii) solid acid catalysts, and (iii) other active catalysts (e.g., ionic liquids and metal complexes). Finally, we conclude with the frontiers and future prospects of the catalytic synthesis of EDA from EG and monoethanolamine, providing readers a snapshot of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Wu
- Key
Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission,
School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest
Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hualiang An
- Hebei
Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient
Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety,
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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12
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Tangyen N, Natongchai W, Del Gobbo S, D’Elia V. Revisiting the Potential of Group VI Inorganic Precatalysts for the Ethenolysis of Fatty Acids through a Mechanochemical Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19712-19722. [PMID: 38708207 PMCID: PMC11064009 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of biobased feedstocks to prepare useful compounds is a pivotal trend in current chemical research. Among a varied portfolio of naturally available starting materials, fatty acids are abundant, versatile substrates with multiple applications. In this context, the ethenolysis of unsaturated fatty acid esters such as methyl oleate is an atom-economical way to prepare functional C10 olefins with a biobased footprint. Despite the existence of a variety of metathesis catalysts for the latter process, there is a lack of readily available, efficient, and inexpensive catalytic systems based on earth-abundant metals (Mo, W) whose preparation does not require sophisticated syntheses and manipulations. Here, a systematic exploration of homogeneous and heterogeneous inorganic Mo, W (oxy)halides shows that MoOCl4, while inactive as a homogeneous species, forms active and selective silica-supported ethenolysis precatalysts able to reach equilibrium conversion of methyl oleate within a few minutes upon activation with SnMe4. Such heterogeneous MoOCl4-based precatalysts were easily accessed through mechanochemical solvent-free procedures and found to contain, upon characterization by elemental analysis and Raman spectroscopy, isolated (≡SiO)Mo(=O)Cl3 units or polymeric silica-supported [-O(≡SiO)nMoCl4-nO-]m (n = 1, 2) complexes depending on the molybdenum loading. The former isolated species exhibited a higher catalytic performance. The developed heterogeneous precatalysts could be applied to the ethenolysis of various substrates, including polyunsaturated fatty acid esters and industrial fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixtures from palm oil transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valerio D’Elia
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related
Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Vidyasirimedhi
Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
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13
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Clausen KU, Schlimm A, Bedbur K, Näther C, Strunskus T, Fu L, Gruber M, Berndt R, Tuczek F. Molybdenum(0)-Tricarbonyl Complex Supported by an Azacalix-pyridine Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Deposition and Conversion to a Molybdenum(VI)-Trioxo Complex with O 2. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303912. [PMID: 38319524 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Adsorption of metal-organic complexes on metallic surfaces to produce well-defined single site catalysts is a novel approach combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. To avoid the "surface trans-effect" a dome-shaped molybdenum(0) tricarbonyl complex supported by an tolylazacalix[3](2,6)pyridine ligand is synthesized. This vacuum-evaporable complex both activates CO and reacts with molecular oxygen (O2) to form a Mo(VI) trioxo complex which in turn is capable of catalytically mediating oxygen transfer. The molybdenum tricarbonyl- and trioxo complexes are investigated in the solid state, in homogeneous solution and on noble metal surfaces (Cu, Au) employing a range of spectroscopic and analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uwe Clausen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Bedbur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Department of Material Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kaiserstraße 1, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ling Fu
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel Gruber
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth Straße 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Qiu Z, Deng H, Neumann CN. Site-Isolated Rhodium(II) Metalloradicals Catalyze Olefin Hydrofunctionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401375. [PMID: 38314637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Rh(II) porphyrin complexes display pronounced metal-centered radical character and the ability to activate small molecules under mild conditions, but catalysis with Rh(II) porphyrins is extremely rare. In addition to facile dimerization, Rh(II) porphyrins readily engage in kinetically and thermodynamically facile reactions involving two Rh(II) centers to generate stable Rh(III)-X intermediates that obstruct turnover in thermal catalysis. Here we report site isolation of Rh(II) metalloradicals in a MOF host, which not only protects Rh(II) metalloradicals against dimerization, but also allows them to participate in thermal catalysis. Access to PCN-224 or PCN-222 in which the porphyrin linkers are fully metalated by Rh(II) in the absence of any accompanying Rh(0) nanoparticles was achieved via the first direct MOF synthesis with a linker containing a transition-metal alkyl moiety, followed by Rh(III)-C bond photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Qiu
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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15
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Zhou W, Brack E, Ehinger C, Paterson J, Southouse J, Copéret C. Reactivity Switch of Platinum with Gallium: From Reverse Water Gas Shift to Methanol Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10806-10811. [PMID: 38572914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using "green" H2 is foreseen to be a key step to close the carbon cycle. In this study, we show that small and narrowly distributed alloyed PtGa nanoparticles supported on silica, prepared via a surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) approach, display notable activity for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, reaching a 7.2 molCH3OH h-1 molPt-1 methanol formation rate with a 54% intrinsic CH3OH selectivity. This reactivity sharply contrasts with what is expected for Pt, which favors the reverse water gas shift reaction, albeit with poor activity (2.6 molCO2 h-1 molPt-1). In situ XAS studies indicate that ca. 50% of Ga is reduced to Ga0 yielding alloyed PtGa nanoparticles, while the remaining 50% persist as isolated GaIII sites. The PtGa catalyst slightly dealloys under CO2 hydrogenation conditions and displays redox dynamics with PtGa-GaOx interfaces responsible for promoting both the CO2 hydrogenation activity and methanol selectivity. Further tailoring the catalyst interface by using a carbon support in place of silica enables to improve the methanol formation rate by a factor of ∼5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enzo Brack
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ehinger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James Paterson
- bp Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences bp plc Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Southouse
- bp Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences bp plc Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Kaya E, Dittmann D, Schmidt M, Dyballa M. Cu(dppf) complexes can be synthesized from Cu-exchanged solids and enable a quantification of the Cu-accessibility by 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6709-6719. [PMID: 38530270 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we apply three different copper-exchanged materials (Na-[Al]SBA-15, silica, Na-MCM-22) as hosts for a direct synthesis of CuI(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene = dppf) complexes in cationic ion exchange position. Using 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy, we show that identical complexes as after ion exchange are generated if the solids are applied as reactants directly. The homogeneity of copper exchanges is evaluated by EDX spectroscopy. Both CuI and CuII result in the formation of complexes, thereby oxidizing dppf. Cu-particles were not reactive. Optimized conditions for a maximized complex formation are identified applying quantitative 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy and ICP-OES. Only accessible copper in cationic position of the solids forms the complexes. This enables a quantification of the amount of copper in mesopores vs. the total copper amount. Thus, besides a new synthesis of the complex a suitable method for quantitative elucidation of the location of copper cations is demonstrated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kaya
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Daniel Dittmann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Schmidt
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael Dyballa
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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17
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Pichugov AV, Escomel L, Lassalle S, Petit J, Jabbour R, Gajan D, Veyre L, Fonda E, Lesage A, Thieuleux C, Camp C. Highly Selective and Efficient Perdeuteration of n-Pentane via H/D Exchange Catalyzed by a Silica-Supported Hafnium-Iridium Bimetallic Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400992. [PMID: 38373040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A Surface OrganoMetallic Chemistry (SOMC) approach is used to prepare a novel hafnium-iridium catalyst immobilized on silica, HfIr/SiO2, featuring well-defined [≡SiOHf(CH2 tBu)2(μ-H)3IrCp*] surface sites. Unlike the monometallic analogous materials Hf/SiO2 and Ir/SiO2, which promote n-pentane deuterogenolysis through C-C bond scission, we demonstrate that under the same experimental conditions (1 bar D2, 250 °C, 3 h, 0.5 mol %), the heterobimetallic catalyst HfIr/SiO2 is highly efficient and selective for the perdeuteration of alkanes with D2, exemplified on n-pentane, without substantial deuterogenolysis (<2 % at 95 % conversion). Furthermore this HfIr/SiO2 catalyst is robust and can be re-used several times without evidence of decomposition. This represents substantial advance in catalytic H/D isotope exchange (HIE) reactions of C(sp3)-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Pichugov
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2 M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Léon Escomel
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2 M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Lassalle
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2 M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Petit
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2 M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ribal Jabbour
- Centre de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon CRMN, UMR5082, Université de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Gajan
- Centre de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon CRMN, UMR5082, Université de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2 M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emiliano Fonda
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP-48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon CRMN, UMR5082, Université de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2 M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2 M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
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18
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Bushkov NS, Rumyantsev AV, Zhizhin AA, Strelkova TV, Novikov RA, Gutsul EI, Takazova RU, Kitaeva DK, Ustynyuk NA, Zhizhko PA, Zarubin DN. Tungsten Oxide Dispersed on Silica as Robust and Readily Available Oxo/Imido Heterometathesis Catalyst. Chempluschem 2024:e202400029. [PMID: 38589286 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Continuing our investigation of catalytic oxo/imido heterometathesis as novel water-free method for C=N bond construction, we report here the application of classical transition metal oxides dispersed on silica (MOx/SiO2, M=V, Mo, W) as cheap, robust and readily available alternative to the catalysts prepared via Surface Organometallic Chemistry (SOMC). The oxide materials demonstrated activity in heterometathetical imidation of ketones, WO3/SiO2 being the most efficient. We also describe a new well-defined supported W imido complex (≡SiO)W(=NMes)2(Me2Pyr) (Mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2, Me2Pyr=2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl) and characterize it with SOMC protocols, which allowed us to identify the position of W on the oxo/imido heterometathesis activity scale (Mo
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai S Bushkov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Rumyantsev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, 1, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A Zhizhin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Strelkova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii I Gutsul
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rina U Takazova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dinara K Kitaeva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Ustynyuk
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Zhizhko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Zarubin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Jia X, Stewart-Jones E, Alvarez-Hernandez JL, Bein GP, Dempsey JL, Donley CL, Hazari N, Houck MN, Li M, Mayer JM, Nedzbala HS, Powers RE. Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Reduction to CO Enabled by a Molecular Catalyst Attached to High-Surface-Area Porous Silicon. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7998-8004. [PMID: 38507795 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A high-surface-area p-type porous Si photocathode containing a covalently immobilized molecular Re catalyst is highly selective for the photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO. It gives Faradaic efficiencies of up to 90% for CO at potentials of -1.7 V (versus ferrocenium/ferrocene) under 1 sun illumination in an acetonitrile solution containing phenol. The photovoltage is approximately 300 mV based on comparisons with similar n-type porous Si cathodes in the dark. Using an estimate of the equilibrium potential for CO2 reduction to CO under optimized reaction conditions, photoelectrolysis was performed at a small overpotential, and the onset of electrocatalysis in cyclic voltammograms occurred at a modest underpotential. The porous Si photoelectrode is more stable and selective for CO production than the photoelectrode generated by attaching the same Re catalyst to a planar Si wafer. Further, facile characterization of the porous Si-based photoelectrodes using transmission mode FTIR spectroscopy leads to highly reproducible catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eleanor Stewart-Jones
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jose L Alvarez-Hernandez
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Gabriella P Bein
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Madison N Houck
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Min Li
- West Campus Materials Characterization Core, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hannah S Nedzbala
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Rebecca E Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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20
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Kaushik J, Lamba NK, Kumar V, Sonker AK, Sonkar SK. Fenton-mediated thermocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to acetic acid by industrial waste-derived magnetite nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3449-3452. [PMID: 38445535 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00082j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Iron oxide dust, discarded as industrial waste, has been used here to fabricate magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs). We have proposed the thermo-catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using Fe3O4-NPs in the presence of H2O2 to get acetic acid (AcOH) at near ambient conditions (100 °C, 10 bar) with a maximum yield of ∼0.4 M in a batch-reactor. The importance of H2O2 can be described as it facilitates the production of higher concentrations of OH˙ and H+/˙, which consequently supports the synthesis of AcOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaidev Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Nicky Kumar Lamba
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Vishrant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Sonker
- BA54, Biomaterials Processing and Products, VTT (Technical Research Center of Finland), Tietotie 4E, Espoo, 02150, Finland.
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur-302017, India.
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21
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Xie Z, Xu S, Li L, Gong S, Wu X, Xu D, Mao B, Zhou T, Chen M, Wang X, Shi W, Song S. Well-defined diatomic catalysis for photosynthesis of C 2H 4 from CO 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2422. [PMID: 38499562 PMCID: PMC10948895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the specific electronic-redistribution and spatial proximity, diatomic catalysts (DACs) have been identified as principal interest for efficient photoconversion of CO2 into C2H4. However, the predominant bottom-up strategy for DACs synthesis has critically constrained the development of highly ordered DACs due to the random distribution of heteronuclear atoms, which hinders the optimization of catalytic performance and the exploration of actual reaction mechanism. Here, an up-bottom ion-cutting architecture is proposed to fabricate the well-defined DACs, and the superior spatial proximity of CuAu diatomics (DAs) decorated TiO2 (CuAu-DAs-TiO2) is successfully constructed due to the compact heteroatomic spacing (2-3 Å). Owing to the profoundly low C-C coupling energy barrier of CuAu-DAs-TiO2, a considerable C2H4 production with superior sustainability is achieved. Our discovery inspires a novel up-bottom strategy for the fabrication of well-defined DACs to motivate optimization of catalytic performance and distinct deduction of heteroatom synergistically catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Longhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shanhe Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Dongbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Baodong Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Weidong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
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22
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Samudrala K, Akram MO, Dutton JL, Martin CD, Conley MP. Formation of Strong Boron Lewis Acid Sites on Silica. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4939-4946. [PMID: 38451151 PMCID: PMC10951953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bis(1-methyl-ortho-carboranyl)borane (HBMeoCb2) is a very strong Lewis acid that reacts with the isolated silanols present on silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C (SiO2-700) to form the well-defined Lewis site MeoCb2B(OSi≡) (1) and H2. 11B{1H} magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of 1 are consistent with that of a three-coordinate boron site. Contacting 1 with O═PEt3 (triethylphosphine oxide TEPO) and measuring 31P{1H} MAS NMR spectra show that 1 preserves the strong Lewis acidity of HBMeoCb2. Hydride ion affinity and fluoride ion affinity calculations using small molecules analogs of 1 also support the strong Lewis acidity of the boron sites in this material. Reactions of 1 with Cp2Hf(13CH3)2 show that the Lewis sites are capable of abstracting methide groups from Hf to form [Cp2Hf-13CH3][H313C-B(MeoCb2)OSi≡], but with a low overall efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manjur O. Akram
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department
of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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23
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Rumyantsev AV, Bushkov NS, Ryzhikova MA, Zhizhin AA, Takazova RU, Talanova VN, Gutsul EI, Novikov RA, Zhizhko PA, Zarubin DN. Readily available Ti-based in situ catalytic system for oxo/imido heterometathesis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4976-4983. [PMID: 38393646 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We investigate Ti(NEt2)4 supported on silica dehydroxylated at 700 °C as an easily accessible pre-catalyst for oxo/imido heterometathesis reactions. Being activated with TolNH2, the supported Ti amide (SiO)Ti(NEt2)3 (1) demonstrates catalytic activity in the imidation of ketones with N-sulfinylamines comparable with the most active previously described well-defined imido catalyst (SiO)Ti(NtBu)(Me2Pyr)(py)2 (2) (Me2Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl), which implies the in situ formation of surface imido species in this system. The materials obtained via treatment of 1 with anilines (TolNH2 (1a) and p-MeOC6H415NH2 (1b)) were studied with IR, EA and 1H, 13C, 15N and 2D solid-state NMR, although the proposed imido intermediate has not been detected, pointing towards tris-amides (SiO)Ti(NHC6H4X)3 (X = Me, OMe) being the major surface species in the isolated materials 1a and 1b. The system 1/TolNH2 was tested in a range of imidation reactions and demonstrated excellent performance for express high-yielding preparation of ketimines, formamidines, lactone imidates and sulfurdiimines, making it a convenient alternative to the well-defined supported Ti imido catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Rumyantsev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, 1, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai S Bushkov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Margarita A Ryzhikova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
- Higher Chemical College, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A Zhizhin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Rina U Takazova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valeria N Talanova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgenii I Gutsul
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Zhizhko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry N Zarubin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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24
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Pobłocki K, Jarzembska KN, Kamiński R, Drzeżdżon J, Deresz KA, Schaniel D, Gołąbiewska A, Gawdzik B, Rybiński P, Jacewicz D. Porous oligomeric materials synthesised using a new, highly active precatalyst based on ruthenium(III) and 2-phenylpyridine. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4194-4203. [PMID: 38323842 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
There are few literature reports on using precatalysts based on ruthenium(II/III) ions in the polymerization of olefins. Therefore, a new coordination compound was designed based on ruthenium(III) ion and 2-phenylpyridine. The resulting monocrystal was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), solid-state (photo)IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The new ruthenium(III) complex compound was used as a precatalyst in the oligomerization reactions of ethylene, 2-propen-1-ol, 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol, 3-butene-2-ol and 2,3-dibromo-2-propen-1-ol with methylaluminoxane and ethylaluminium dichloride as activators. The catalytic activity of the newly discovered ruthenium(III) complex compound ranges from 159.5 (for 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol) to 755.6 (for ethylene) g mmol-1 h-1 bar-1, indicating that it is a chemical compound with high catalytic activity. In addition, the oligomerization reaction products were subjected to physicochemical characterization, using BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm), mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, NMR, TGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the morphology of the porous polymeric materials was investigated by SEM. The distinguishing feature of the obtained precatalyst is its high catalytic activity under mild reaction conditions, a rare phenomenon. Compared with other precatalysts, it is the most active ruthenium(II/III) ion-based catalytic material used in oligo- and polymerization reactions of ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Pobłocki
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna N Jarzembska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Krystyna A Deresz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Gołąbiewska
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Przemysław Rybiński
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
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25
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Collins Rice C, Hayden JA, Hawkins AD, Morris LJ, Turner ZR, Buffet JC, O’Hare D. Trends in Structure and Ethylene Polymerization Reactivity of Transition-Metal Permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) Complexes. Organometallics 2024; 43:540-556. [PMID: 38425384 PMCID: PMC10900520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A family of ansa-permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) transition-metal chloride complexes has been synthesized and characterized (1-7; {(η5-C9Me6)Me(R″)Si(2-R-4-R'-C6H2O)}MCl2; R,R' = Me, tBu, Cumyl (CMe2Ph); R″ = Me, nPr, Ph; M = Ti, Zr, Hf). The ancillary chloride ligands could readily be exchanged with halides, alkyls, alkoxides, aryloxides, or amides to form PHENI* complexes [L]TiX2 (8-17; X = Br, I, Me, CH2SiMe3, CH2Ph, NMe2, OEt, ODipp). The solid-state crystal structures of these PHENI* complexes indicate that one of two conformations may be preferred, parametrized by a characteristic torsion angle (TA'), in which the η5 system is either disposed away from the metal center or toward it. Compared to indenyl PHENICS complexes, the permethylindenyl (I*) ligand appears to favor a conformation in which the metal center is more accessible. When heterogenized on solid polymethylaluminoxane (sMAO), titanium PHENI* complexes exhibit exceptional catalytic activity toward the polymerization of ethylene. Substantially greater activities are reported than for comparable PHENICS catalysts, along with the formation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylenes (UHMWPE). Catalyst-cocatalyst ion pairing effects are observed in cationization experiments and found to be significant in homogeneous catalytic regimes; these effects are also related to the influence of the ancillary ligand leaving groups in slurry-phase polymerizations. Catalytic efficiency and polyethylene molecular weight are found to increase with pressure, and PHENI* catalysts can be categorized as being among the most active for the controlled synthesis of UHMWPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement
G. Collins Rice
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Justin A. Hayden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Adam D. Hawkins
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Louis J. Morris
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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26
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Muratsugu S, Sawaguchi K, Shiraogawa T, Chiba S, Sakata Y, Shirai S, Baba H, Ehara M, Akine S, Tada M. Induced chirality at the surface: fixation of a dynamic M/ P invertible helical Co 3 complex on SiO 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2094-2097. [PMID: 38294205 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic M/P invertible helicity was successfully induced at a SiO2 surface immobilized with a dynamic helical trinuclear cobalt complex, [LCo3(NHMe2)6](OTf)3, using chiral ((R) or (S))-1-phenylethylamine. Solid-state CD spectra and theoretical calculations suggested that the fixation of the M/P helical complex on the surface via coordination interactions was the key factor of the induced chirality at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muratsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan.
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan
| | - Kana Sawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan.
- Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shiraogawa
- Institute for Molecular Science/School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585 Aichi, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan.
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sora Shirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science/School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585 Aichi, Japan.
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan.
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan.
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan
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27
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Cowie B, Mears KL, S’ari M, Lee JK, Briceno de Gutierrez M, Kalha C, Regoutz A, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. Exploiting Organometallic Chemistry to Functionalize Small Cuprous Oxide Colloidal Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3816-3824. [PMID: 38301241 PMCID: PMC10870705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The ligand chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals mediates their solubility, band gap, and surface facets. Here, selective organometallic chemistry is used to prepare small, colloidal cuprous oxide nanocrystals and to control their surface chemistry by decorating them with metal complexes. The strategy is demonstrated using small (3-6 nm) cuprous oxide (Cu2O) colloidal nanocrystals (NC), soluble in organic solvents. Organometallic complexes are coordinated by reacting the surface Cu-OH bonds with organometallic reagents, M(C6F5)2, M = Zn(II) and Co(II), at room temperature. These reactions do not disrupt the Cu2O crystallinity or nanoparticle size; rather, they allow for the selective coordination of a specific metal complex at the surface. Subsequently, the surface-coordinated organometallic complex is reacted with three different carboxylic acids to deliver Cu-O-Zn(O2CR') complexes. Selective nanocrystal surface functionalization is established using spectroscopy (IR, 19F NMR), thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, EELS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photoluminescence efficiency increases dramatically upon organometallic surface functionalization relative to that of the parent Cu2O NC, with the effect being most pronounced for Zn(II) decoration. The nanocrystal surfaces are selectively functionalized by both organic ligands and well-defined organometallic complexes; this synthetic strategy may be applicable to many other metal oxides, hydroxides, and semiconductors. In the future, it should allow NC properties to be designed for applications including catalysis, sensing, electronics, and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley
E. Cowie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kristian L. Mears
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Mark S’ari
- Johnson
Matthey, Johnson Matthey, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Johnson
Matthey, Johnson Matthey, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | | | - Curran Kalha
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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28
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Zimmerli NK, Rochlitz L, Checchia S, Müller CR, Copéret C, Abdala PM. Structure and Role of a Ga-Promoter in Ni-Based Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Methanol. JACS AU 2024; 4:237-252. [PMID: 38274252 PMCID: PMC10806875 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Supported, bimetallic catalysts have shown great promise for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. In this study, we decipher the catalytically active structure of Ni-Ga-based catalysts. To this end, model Ni-Ga-based catalysts, with varying Ni:Ga ratios, were prepared by a surface organometallic chemistry approach. In situ differential pair distribution function (d-PDF) analysis revealed that catalyst activation in H2 leads to the formation of nanoparticles based on a Ni-Ga face-centered cubic (fcc) alloy along with a small quantity of GaOx. Structure refinements of the d-PDF data enabled us to determine the amount of both alloyed Ga and GaOx species. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments confirmed the presence of alloyed Ga and GaOx and indicated that alloying with Ga affects the electronic structure of metallic Ni (viz., Niδ-). Both the Ni:Ga ratio in the alloy and the quantity of GaOx are found to minimize methanation and to determine the methanol formation rate and the resulting methanol selectivity. The highest formation rate and methanol selectivity are found for a Ni-Ga alloy having a Ni:Ga ratio of ∼75:25 along with a small quantity of oxidized Ga species (0.14 molNi-1). Furthermore, operando infrared spectroscopy experiments indicate that GaOx species play a role in the stabilization of formate surface intermediates, which are subsequently further hydrogenated to methoxy species and ultimately to methanol. Notably, operando XAS shows that alloying between Ni and Ga is maintained under reaction conditions and is key to attaining a high methanol selectivity (by minimizing CO and CH4 formation), while oxidized Ga species enhance the methanol formation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K. Zimmerli
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rochlitz
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Checchia
- ESRF
− The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paula M. Abdala
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Ashuiev A, Giorgia Nobile A, Trummer D, Klose D, Guda S, Safonova OV, Copéret C, Guda A, Jeschke G. Active Sites in Cr(III)-Based Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts from Machine-Learning-Supported XAS and EPR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313348. [PMID: 37970660 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene polymerization Phillips catalyst has been employed for decades and is central to the polymer industry. While Cr(III) alkyl species are proposed to be the propagating sites, there is so far no direct experimental evidence for such proposal. In this work, by coupling Surface organometallic chemistry, EPR spectroscopy, and machine learning-supported XAS studies, we have studied the electronic structure of well-defined silica-supported Cr(III) alkyls and identified the presence of several surface species in high and low-spin states, associated with different coordination environments. Notably, low-spin Cr(III) sites are shown to participate in ethylene polymerization, indicating that similar Cr(III) alkyl species could be involved in the related Phillips catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ashuiev
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Giorgia Nobile
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Trummer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Klose
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Olga V Safonova
- Paul Scherrer Institut, WLGA/217, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Zhou X, Price GA, Sunley GJ, Copéret C. Small Cobalt Nanoparticles Favor Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction Over Methanation Under CO 2 Hydrogenation Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314274. [PMID: 37955591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-based catalysts are well-known to convert syngas into a variety of Fischer-Tropsch (FTS) products depending on the various reaction parameters, in particular particle size. In contrast, the reactivity of these particles has been much less investigated in the context of CO2 hydrogenation. In that context, Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) was employed to synthesize highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NPs) with particle sizes ranging from 1.6 to 3.0 nm. These SOMC-derived Co-NPs display significantly different catalytic performances under CO2 hydrogenation conditions: while the smallest cobalt nanoparticles (1.6 nm) catalyze mainly the reverse water-gas shift (rWGS) reaction, the larger nanoparticles (2.1-3.0 nm) favor the expected methanation activity. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the smaller cobalt particles are fully oxidized under CO2 hydrogenation conditions, while the larger ones remain mostly metallic, paralleling the observed difference of catalytic performances. This fundamental shift of selectivity, away from methanation to reverse water-gas shift for the smaller nanoparticles is noteworthy and correlates with the formation of CoO under CO2 hydrogenation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory A Price
- BP Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences, BP plc, Saltend, Hull, HU12 8DS, UK
| | - Glenn J Sunley
- BP Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences, BP plc, Saltend, Hull, HU12 8DS, UK
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Song T, Li R, Wang J, Dong C, Feng X, Ning Y, Mu R, Fu Q. Enhanced Methanol Synthesis over Self-Limited ZnO x Overlayers on Cu Nanoparticles Formed via Gas-Phase Migration Route. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316888. [PMID: 38078622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts are widely used for chemical conversion, in which construction of high density metal-oxide or oxide-metal interface is an important means to improve their reaction performance. Here, Cu@ZnOx encapsulation structure has been in situ constructed through gas-phase migration of Zn species from ZnO particles onto surface of Cu nanoparticles under CO2 hydrogenation atmosphere at 450 °C. The gas-phase deposition of Zn species onto the Cu surface and growth of ZnOx overlayer is self-limited under the high temperature and redox gas (CO2 /H2 ) conditions. Accordingly, high density ZnOx -Cu interface sites can be effectively tailored to have an enhanced activity in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. This work reveals a new route for the construction of active oxide-metal interface and classic strong metal-support interaction state through gas-phase migration of support species induced by high temperature redox reaction atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongtan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jianyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Cui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Rentao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, iChEM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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32
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Sodpiban O, Kessaratikoon T, Smith J, Ren G, Del Gobbo S, Das S, Chi M, D'Elia V, Gates BC. Catalysts Prepared from Atomically Dispersed Ce(III) on MgO Rival Bulk Ceria for CO Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55885-55894. [PMID: 37991323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed cerium catalysts on an inert, crystalline MgO powder support were prepared by using both Ce(III) and Ce(IV) precursors. The materials were used as catalysts for CO oxidation in a once-through flow reactor and characterized by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction, among other techniques, before and after catalysis. The most active catalysts, formed from the precursor incorporating Ce(III), displayed performance similar to that reported for bulk ceria under comparable conditions. The catalyst provided stable time-on-stream performance for as long as it was kept on-stream, 2 days, increasing slightly in activity as the atomically dispersed cerium ions were transformed into ceria nanodomains represented as CeOx and having increased reducibility on the MgO support. The results suggest how highly dispersed supported ceria catalysts with low cerium loadings can be prepared and may pave the way for improved efficiencies of cerium utilization in oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ounjit Sodpiban
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tanika Kessaratikoon
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Jacob Smith
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Guodong Ren
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Silvano Del Gobbo
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Sonali Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai 400076, India
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Bruce C Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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33
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Mitra KLW, Riehs M, Draguicevic A, Swann WA, Li CW, Velian A. Reaction Chemistry at Discrete Organometallic Fragments on Black Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311575. [PMID: 37844276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (bP) is a two-dimensional van der Waals material unique in its potential to serve as a support for single-site catalysts due to its similarity to molecular phosphines, ligands quintessential in homogeneous catalysis. However, there is a scarcity of synthetic methods to install single metal centers on the bP lattice. Here, we demonstrate the functionalization of bP nanosheets with molecular Re and Mo complexes. A suite of characterization techniques, including infrared, X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as scanning transmission electron microscopy corroborate that the functionalized nanosheets contain a high density of discrete metal centers directly bound to the bP surface. Moreover, the supported metal centers are chemically accessible and can undergo ligand exchange transformations without detaching from the surface. The steric and electronic properties of bP as a ligand are estimated with respect to molecular phosphines. Sterically, bP resembles tri(tolyl)phosphine when monodentate to a metal center, and bis(diphenylphosphino)propane when bidentate, whereas electronically bP is a σ-donor as strong as a trialkyl phosphine. This work is foundational in elucidating the nature of black phosphorus as a ligand and underscores the viability of using bP as a basis for single-site catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Riehs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrei Draguicevic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William A Swann
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina W Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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34
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Yatomi M, Hikino T, Yamazoe S, Kuroda K, Shimojima A. Immobilization of isolated dimethyltin species on crystalline silicates through surface modification of layered octosilicate. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38018470 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Single metal atoms supported on silica are attractive catalysts, and precise control of the local environment around the metal species is essential. Crystalline silica is useful as an efficient support for the incorporation of well-defined metal sites. Dimethyltin species were regularly grafted onto the layer surfaces of layered octosilicate, a type of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline silica. Dimethyltin dichlorides react with the surface silanol (SiOH) groups of the silicate layers. The formation of Si-O-Sn bonds was confirmed by 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis showed the four-coordinated Sn species. These results suggested the presence of well-defined dipodal dimethyltin species on the layer surfaces. The degree of modification of the silanol groups with the dimethyltin groups increased with increasing amounts of dimethyltin dichloride; however, the maximum degree of modification was approximately 50%. This value was interpreted as an alternate modification of the octosilicate reaction sites with dimethyltin groups. These results demonstrate the potential for developing highly active single metal catalysts with a high density of regularly arranged active sites on high surface area supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yatomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Takuya Hikino
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
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35
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Nguyen NP, Laird BB. Generation of Amorphous Silica Surfaces with Controlled Roughness. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9831-9841. [PMID: 37938899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous silica (a-SiO2) surfaces, when grafted with select metals on the active sites of the functionalized surfaces, can act as useful heterogeneous catalysts. From a molecular modeling perspective, one challenge has been generating a-SiO2 slab models with controllable surface roughness to facilitate the study of the effect of surface morphology on the material properties. Previous computational methods either generate relatively flat surfaces or periodically corrugated surfaces that do not mimic the full range of potential surface roughness of the amorphous silica material. In this work, we present a new method, inspired by the capillary fluctuation theory of interfaces, in which rough silica slabs are generated by cleaving a bulk amorphous sample using a cleaving plane with Fourier components randomly generated from a Gaussian distribution. The width of this Gaussian distribution (and thus the degree of surface roughness) can be tuned by varying the surface roughness parameter α. Using the van Beest, Kramer, and van Santen (BKS) force field, we create a large number of silica slabs using cleaving surfaces of varying roughness (α) and using two different system sizes. These surfaces are then characterized to determine their roughness (mean-squared displacement), density profile, and ring size distribution. This analysis shows a higher concentration of surface defects (under-/overcoordinated atoms and strained rings) as the surface roughness increases. To examine the effect of the roughness on surface reactivity, we re-equilibriate a subset of these slabs using the reactive force field ReaxFF and then expose the slabs to water and observe the formation of surface silanols. We observe that the rougher surfaces exhibit higher silanol concentrations as well as bimodal acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuong P Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Brian B Laird
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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36
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Hall JN, Chapovetsky A, Kanbur U, Kim YL, McCullough KE, Syed ZH, Johnson CS, Ferrandon MS, Liu C, Kropf AJ, Delferro M, Kaphan DM. Oxidative Grafting for Catalyst Synthesis in Surface Organometallic Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53498-53514. [PMID: 37945527 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of new methods of catalyst synthesis with the potential to generate active site structures orthogonal to those accessible by traditional protocols is of great importance for discovering new materials for addressing challenges in the evolving energy and chemical economy. In this work, the generality of oxidative grafting of organometallic and well-defined molecular metal precursors onto redox-active surfaces such as manganese dioxide (MnO2) and lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) is investigated. Nine molecular metal precursors are explored, spanning groups 4-11 and each of the three periods of the transition metal series. The byproducts of the oxidative grafting reaction, a mixture of protodemetalation and ligand homocoupling for several organometallic precursors, was found to provide insights into the mechanism of the grafting reaction, suggesting oxidation of both the metal d-orbitals, as well as the metal-carbon σ-bonds, resulting in ejection of the ligand radical fragment. Analysis of the supported structures and oxidation state by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that several of the chemisorbed metal ions are intercalated into interstitial vacancies of the surface structure while other complexes form intact molecular fragments on the surface. Proof of concept for the use of this metalation protocol to generate diverse, metal-dependent catalytic performance is demonstrated by the application of these materials in the conversion of cyclohexane to K/A oil (cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone) with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, as well as in the low-temperature (T ≤ 50 °C) oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hall
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alon Chapovetsky
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Uddhav Kanbur
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yu Lim Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Katherine E McCullough
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zoha H Syed
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher S Johnson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Magali S Ferrandon
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - A Jeremy Kropf
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David M Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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37
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Rajapaksha R, Samanta P, Quadrelli EA, Canivet J. Heterogenization of molecular catalysts within porous solids: the case of Ni-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization from zeolites to metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8059-8076. [PMID: 37902965 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a tremendous expansion of the field of heterogenized molecular catalysis, especially with the growing interest in metal-organic frameworks and related porous hybrid solids. With successful achievements in the transfer from molecular homogeneous catalysis to heterogenized processes come the necessary discussions on methodologies used and a critical assessment on the advantages of heterogenizing molecular catalysis. Here we use the example of nickel-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization, a reaction of both fundamental and applied interest, to review heterogenization methodologies of well-defined molecular catalysts within porous solids while addressing the biases in the comparison between original molecular systems and heterogenized counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Rajapaksha
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Partha Samanta
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jérôme Canivet
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
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38
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Di Liberto G, Pacchioni G. Modeling Single-Atom Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307150. [PMID: 37749881 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations represent an essential complement of experiments to characterize single-atom catalysts (SACs), consisting of isolated metal atoms stabilized on a support, but also to predict new catalysts. However, simulating SACs with quantum chemistry approaches is not as simple as often assumed. In this work, the essential factors that characterize a reliable simulation of SACs activity are examined. The Perspective focuses on the importance of precise atomistic characterization of the active site, since even small changes in the metal atom's surroundings can result in large changes in reactivity. The dynamical behavior and stability of SACs under working conditions, as well as the importance of adopting appropriate methods to solve the Schrödinger equation for a quantitative evaluation of reaction energies are addressed. The Perspective also focuses on the relevance of the model adopted. For electrocatalysis this must include the effects of the solvent, the presence of electrolytes, the pH, and the external potential. Finally, it is discussed how the similarities between SACs and coordination compounds may result in reaction intermediates that usually are not observed on metal electrodes. When these aspects are not adequately considered, the predictive power of electronic structure calculations is quite limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli studi di Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli studi di Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
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39
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Poolwong J, Kracht F, Moinet E, Liang Y, D'Elia V, Anwander R. Samarium- and Ytterbium-Grafted Periodic Mesoporous Silica for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17972-17984. [PMID: 37856826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized coordination compounds of Lewis acidic metals are powerful catalytic components of systems for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides that do not require sophisticated coordination frameworks to harness the metal center and modulate its activity. Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) is a valuable methodology to prepare well-defined and site-isolated surface complexes and coordination compounds on metal oxides, with ligand environments easily adjustable to a targeted catalytic reaction. In this work, the SOMC methodology is applied to prepare SmII, YbII, and SmIII alkoxide surface complexes on periodic mesoporous (organo)silica of distinct pore symmetry/size for application in the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. The surface complexes are readily accessible by the grafting of the bis(trimethylsilyl)amide precursors LnII[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 (Ln = Sm, Yb) and SmIII[N(SiMe3)2]3, followed by ligand exchange with alcohols (ethanol and neopentanol). The use of periodic mesoporous supports led to hybrid materials with relatively high surface areas and pore sizes, affording good performance in CO2 capture and in the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides under mild conditions (60-80 °C, 1-10 bar). In terms of catalytic performance, recyclability, and low amount of added nucleophile TBAX (X = Br, I), the most active materials prepared in this work compare well to a variety of previously reported SOMC-derived surface complexes and to other heterogeneous Lewis acids displaying more elaborate ligand environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitpisut Poolwong
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo1, Payupnai, WangChan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Kracht
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Moinet
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo1, Payupnai, WangChan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Nartova AV, Kvon RI, Kovtunova LM, Skovpin IV, Koptyug IV, Bukhtiyarov VI. XPS and HR TEM Elucidation of the Diversity of Titania-Supported Single-Site Ir Catalyst Performance in Spin-Selective Propene Hydrogenation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15643. [PMID: 37958626 PMCID: PMC10650017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilized [Ir(COD)Cl]2-Linker/TiO2 catalysts with linkers containing Py, P(Ph)2 and N(CH3)2 functional groups were prepared. The catalysts were tested via propene hydrogenation with parahydrogen in a temperature range from 40 °C to 120 °C which was monitored via NMR. The catalytic behavior of [Ir(COD)Cl]2-Linker/TiO2 is explained on the basis of quantitative and qualitative XPS data analysis performed for the catalysts before and after the reaction at 120 °C. It is shown that the temperature dependence of propene conversion and the enhancement of the NMR signal are explained via a combination of the stabilities of both the linker and immobilized [Ir(COD)Cl]2 complex. It is demonstrated that the N(CH3)2-linker is the most stable at the surface of TiO2 under used reaction conditions. As a result, only this sample shows a rise in the enhancement of the NMR signal in the 100-120 °C temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Nartova
- Department of Physical-Chemical Methods of Investigation, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.I.K.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Ren I. Kvon
- Department of Physical-Chemical Methods of Investigation, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.I.K.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Department of Physical-Chemical Methods of Investigation, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.I.K.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Ivan V. Skovpin
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.V.K.)
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (I.V.K.)
| | - Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
- Department of Physical-Chemical Methods of Investigation, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (R.I.K.); (V.I.B.)
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41
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Hasegawa S, Nakamura K, Soga K, Usui K, Manaka Y, Motokura K. Concerted Hydrosilylation Catalysis by Silica-Immobilized Cyclic Carbonates and Surface Silanols. JACS AU 2023; 3:2692-2697. [PMID: 37885589 PMCID: PMC10598827 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Developing a method for creating a novel catalysis of organic molecules is essential because of the growing interest in organocatalysis. In this study, we found that cyclic carbonates immobilized on a nonporous or mesoporous silica support showed catalytic activity for hydrosilylation, which was not observed for the free cyclic carbonates, silica supports, or their physical mixture. Analysis of the effects of linker lengths and pore sizes on the catalytic activity and carbonate C=O stretching frequency revealed that the proximity of carbonates and surface silanols was crucial for synergistic hydrosilylation catalysis. A carbonate and silanol concertedly activated the silane and aldehyde for efficient hydride transfer. Density functional theory calculations on a model reaction system demonstrated that both the carbonate and silanol contributed to the stabilization of the transition state of hydride transfer, which resulted in a reasonable barrier height of 16.8 kcal mol-1. Furthermore, SiO2/carbonate(C4) enabled the hydrosilylation of an aldehyde with an amino group without catalyst poisoning, owing to the weak acidity of surface silanols, in sharp contrast to previously developed acid catalysts. This study demonstrates that immobilization on a solid support can convert inactive organic molecules into active and heterogeneous organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hasegawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kosuke Soga
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Usui
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Manaka
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- Renewable
Energy Research Center, National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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42
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Chen Z, Zimmerli NK, Zubair M, Yakimov AV, Björgvinsdóttir S, Alaniva N, Willinger E, Barnes AB, Bedford NM, Copéret C, Florian P, Abdala PM, Fedorov A, Müller CR. Nature of GaO x Shells Grown on Silica by Atomic Layer Deposition. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7475-7490. [PMID: 37780414 PMCID: PMC10536998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Gallia-based shells with a thickness varying from a submonolayer to ca. 2.5 nm were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using trimethylgallium, ozone, and partially dehydroxylated silica, followed by calcination at 500 °C. Insight into the atomic-scale structure of these shells was obtained by high-field 71Ga solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and the modeling of X-ray differential pair distribution function data, complemented by Ga K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and 29Si dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP SENS) studies. When applying one ALD cycle, the grown submonolayer contains mostly tetracoordinate Ga sites with Si atoms in the second coordination sphere ([4]Ga(Si)) and, according to 15N DNP SENS using pyridine as the probe molecule, both strong Lewis acid sites (LAS) and strong Brønsted acid sites (BAS), consistent with the formation of gallosilicate Ga-O-Si and Ga-μ2-OH-Si species. The shells obtained using five and ten ALD cycles display characteristics of amorphous gallia (GaOx), i.e., an increased relative fraction of pentacoordinate sites ([5]Ga(Ga)), the presence of mild LAS, and a decreased relative abundance of strong BAS. The prepared Ga1-, Ga5-, and Ga10-SiO2-500 materials catalyze the dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene, and their catalytic performance correlates with the relative abundance and strength of LAS and BAS, viz., Ga1-SiO2-500, a material with a higher relative fraction of strong LAS, is more active and stable compared to Ga5- and Ga10-SiO2-500. In contrast, related ALD-derived Al1-, Al5-, and Al10-SiO2-500 materials do not catalyze the dehydrogenation of isobutane and this correlates with the lack of strong LAS in these materials that instead feature abundant strong BAS formed via the atomic-scale mixing of Al sites with silica, leading to Al-μ2-OH-Si sites. Our results suggest that [4]Ga(Si) sites provide strong Lewis acidity and drive the dehydrogenation activity, while the appearance of [5]Ga(Ga) sites with mild Lewis activity is associated with catalyst deactivation through coking. Overall, the atomic-level insights into the structure of the GaOx-based materials prepared in this work provide a guide to design active Ga-based catalysts by a rational tailoring of Lewis and Brønsted acidity (nature, strength, and abundance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nora K. Zimmerli
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander V. Yakimov
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicholas Alaniva
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Willinger
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander B. Barnes
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M. Bedford
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Florian
- CNRS,
CEMHTI UPR3079, Université d’Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Paula M. Abdala
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Laboratory
of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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43
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Zhou H, Docherty SR, Phongprueksathat N, Chen Z, Bukhtiyarov AV, Prosvirin IP, Safonova OV, Urakawa A, Copéret C, Müller CR, Fedorov A. Combining Atomic Layer Deposition with Surface Organometallic Chemistry to Enhance Atomic-Scale Interactions and Improve the Activity and Selectivity of Cu-Zn/SiO 2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Methanol. JACS AU 2023; 3:2536-2549. [PMID: 37772188 PMCID: PMC10523371 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of methanol via the hydrogenation of CO2, if performed efficiently and selectively, is potentially a powerful technology for CO2 mitigation. Here, we develop an active and selective Cu-Zn/SiO2 catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 by introducing copper and zinc onto dehydroxylated silica via surface organometallic chemistry and atomic layer deposition, respectively. At 230 °C and 25 bar, the optimized catalyst shows an intrinsic methanol formation rate of 4.3 g h-1 gCu-1 and selectivity to methanol of 83%, with a space-time yield of 0.073 g h-1 gcat-1 at a contact time of 0.06 s g mL-1. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Cu and Zn K-edges and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the CuZn alloy displays reactive metal support interactions; that is, it is stable under H2 atmosphere and unstable under conditions of CO2 hydrogenation, indicating that the dealloyed structure contains the sites promoting methanol synthesis. While solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies identify methoxy species as the main stable surface adsorbate, transient operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy indicates that μ-HCOO*(ZnOx) species that form on the Cu-Zn/SiO2 catalyst are hydrogenated to methanol faster than the μ-HCOO*(Cu) species that are found in the Zn-free Cu/SiO2 catalyst, supporting the role of Zn in providing a higher activity in the Cu-Zn system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua
University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Scott R. Docherty
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nat Phongprueksathat
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrey V. Bukhtiyarov
- Synchrotron
Radiation Facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute
of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | | | | | - Atsushi Urakawa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Kundu K, Musso JV, Benedikter MJ, Frey W, Gugeler K, Kästner J, Buchmeiser MR. Neutral and Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene (CAAC) Complexes for Olefin Metathesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301818. [PMID: 37366606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The first neutral and cationic Mo imido alkylidene cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) complexes of the general formulae [Mo(N-Ar)(CHCMe2 Ph)(X)2 (CAAC)] and [Mo(N-Ar)(CHCMe2 Ph)(X)(CAAC)][B(ArF )4 ] (X=Br, Cl, OTf, OC6 F5 ; CAAC=1-(2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 )-3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydropyrrol-2-ylidene) have been synthesized from molybdenum imido bishalide alkylidene DME precursors. Different combinations of the imido and "X" ligands have been employed to understand synthetic peculiarities. Selected complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Due to the pronounced σ-donor/π-acceptor characteristics of CAACs, the corresponding neutral and cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene CAAC complexes do not require the presence of stabilizing donor ligands such as nitriles. Calculations on the PBE0-D3BJ/def2-TZVP level for PBE0-D3BJ/def2-SVP optimized geometries revealed partial charges at molybdenum similar to the corresponding molybdenum imido alkylidene N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with a slightly higher polarization of the molybdenum alkylidene bond in the CAAC complexes. All cationic complexes have been tested in olefin metathesis reactions and showed improved activity compared to the analogous NHC complexes for hydrocarbon-based substrates, allowing for turnover numbers (TONs) up to 9500 even at room temperature. Some Mo imido alkylidene CAAC complexes are tolerant towards functional groups like thioethers and sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushani Kundu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Janis V Musso
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathis J Benedikter
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Gugeler
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF), Körschtalstr. 26, 73770, Denkendorf, Germany
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45
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Ehinger C, Zhou X, Candrian M, Docherty SR, Pollitt S, Copéret C. Group 10 Metal Allyl Amidinates: A Family of Readily Accessible and Stable Molecular Precursors to Generate Supported Nanoparticles. JACS AU 2023; 3:2314-2322. [PMID: 37654588 PMCID: PMC10466329 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined materials as model systems for catalysis and related fields is an important pillar in the understanding of catalytic processes at a molecular level. Various approaches employing organometallic precursors have been developed and established to make monodispersed supported nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and films. Using rational design principles, a new family of precursors based on group 10 metals suitable for the generation of small and monodispersed nanoparticles on metal oxides has been developed. Particle formation on SiO2 and Al2O3 supports is demonstrated, as well as the potential in the synthesis of bimetallic catalyst materials, exemplified by a PdGa/SiO2 system capable of hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. In addition to surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC), it is envisioned that these precursors could also be employed in related applications, such as atomic layer deposition, due to their inherent volatility and relative thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehinger
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Max Candrian
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott R. Docherty
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Pollitt
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- PSI, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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46
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Liu Y, Agarwal A, Kratish Y, Marks TJ. Single-Site Carbon-Supported Metal-Oxo Complexes in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Structure, Reactivity, and Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304221. [PMID: 37142561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
When early transition metal complexes are molecularly grafted onto catalyst supports, well-defined, surface-bound species are created, which are highly active and selective single-site heterogeneous catalysts (SSHCs) for diverse chemical transformations. In this minireview, we analyze and summarize a less conventional type of SSHC in which molybdenum dioxo species are grafted onto unusual carbon-unsaturated scaffolds, such as activated carbon, reduced graphene oxide, and carbon nanohorns. The choice of earth-abundant, low-toxicity, versatile metal constituents, and various carbon supports illustrates "catalyst by design" principles and yields insights into new catalytic systems of both academic and technological interest. Here, we summarize experimental and computational investigations of the bonding, electronic structure, reaction scope, and mechanistic pathways of these unusual catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the, Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (ICEP), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Amol Agarwal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and the, Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (ICEP), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Department of Chemistry and the, Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (ICEP), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the, Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (ICEP), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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47
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Rochlitz L, Fischer JWA, Pessemesse Q, Clark AH, Ashuiev A, Klose D, Payard PA, Jeschke G, Copéret C. Ti-Doping in Silica-Supported PtZn Propane Dehydrogenation Catalysts: From Improved Stability to the Nature of the Pt-Ti Interaction. JACS AU 2023; 3:1939-1951. [PMID: 37502165 PMCID: PMC10369412 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Propane dehydrogenation is an important industrial reaction to access propene, the world's second most used polymer precursor. Catalysts for this transformation are required to be long living at high temperature and robust toward harsh oxidative regeneration conditions. In this work, combining surface organometallic chemistry and thermolytic molecular precursor approach, we prepared well-defined silica-supported Pt and alloyed PtZn materials to investigate the effect of Ti-doping on catalytic performances. Chemisorption experiments and density functional calculations reveal a significant change in the electronic structure of the nanoparticles (NPs) due to the Ti-doping. Evaluation of the resulting materials PtZn/SiO2 and PtZnTi/SiO2 during long deactivation phases reveal a stabilizing effect of Ti in PtZnTi/SiO2 with a kd of 0.015 h-1 compared to PtZn/SiO2 with a kd of 0.022 h-1 over 108 h on stream. Such a stabilizing effect is also present during a second deactivation phase after applying a regeneration protocol to the materials under O2 and H2 at high temperatures. A combined scanning transmission electron microscopy, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and density functional theory study reveals that this effect is related to a sintering prevention of the alloyed PtZn NPs in PtZnTi/SiO2 due to a strong interaction of the NPs with Ti sites. However, in contrast to classical strong metal-support interaction, we show that the coverage of the Pt NPs with TiOx species is not needed to explain the changes in adsorption and reactivity properties. Indeed, the interaction of the Pt NPs with TiIII sites is enough to decrease CO adsorption and to induce a red-shift of the CO band because of electron transfer from the TiIII sites to Pt0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Rochlitz
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Jörg W. A. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Pessemesse
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE,
UMR 5246, ICBMS, Rue
Victor Grignard, Villeurbanne Cedex F-69622, France
| | - Adam H. Clark
- Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Anton Ashuiev
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Klose
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE,
UMR 5246, ICBMS, Rue
Victor Grignard, Villeurbanne Cedex F-69622, France
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
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48
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Nifant’ev IE, Komarov PD, Kostomarova OD, Kolosov NA, Ivchenko PV. MAO- and Borate-Free Activating Supports for Group 4 Metallocene and Post-Metallocene Catalysts of α-Olefin Polymerization and Oligomerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3095. [PMID: 37514483 PMCID: PMC10384419 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern industry of advanced polyolefins extensively uses Group 4 metallocene and post-metallocene catalysts. High-throughput polyolefin technologies demand the use of heterogeneous catalysts with a given particle size and morphology, high thermal stability, and controlled productivity. Conventional Group 4 metal single-site heterogeneous catalysts require the use of high-cost methylalumoxane (MAO) or perfluoroaryl borate activators. However, a number of inorganic phases, containing highly acidic Lewis and Brønsted sites, are able to activate Group 4 metal pre-catalysts using low-cost and affordable alkylaluminums. In the present review, we gathered comprehensive information on MAO- and borate-free activating supports of different types and discussed the surface nature and chemistry of these phases, examples of their use in the polymerization of ethylene and α-olefins, and prospects of the further development for applications in the polyolefin industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Komarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
| | | | - Nikolay A. Kolosov
- NIOST LLC, Kuzovlevsky Tr. 2-270, 634067 Tomsk, Russia; (O.D.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Pavel V. Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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49
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Bernhardt M, Korzyński MD, Berkson ZJ, Pointillart F, Le Guennic B, Cador O, Copéret C. Tailored Lewis Acid Sites for High-Temperature Supported Single-Molecule Magnetism. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37262018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Generating or even retaining slow magnetic relaxation in surface immobilized single-molecule magnets (SMMs) from promising molecular precursors remains a great challenge. Illustrative examples are organolanthanide compounds that show promising SMM properties in molecular systems, though surface immobilization generally diminishes their magnetic performance. Here, we show how tailored Lewis acidic Al(III) sites on a silica surface enable generation of a material with SMM characteristics via chemisorption of (Cpttt)2DyCl ((Cpttt)- = 1,2,4-tri(tert-butyl)-cyclopentadienide). Detailed studies of this system and its diamagnetic Y analogue indicate that the interaction of the metal chloride with surface Al sites results in a change of the coordination sphere around the metal center inducing for the dysprosium-containing material slow magnetic relaxation up to 51 K with hysteresis up to 8 K and an effective energy barrier (Ueff) of 449 cm-1, the highest reported thus far for a supported SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bernhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej D Korzyński
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zachariah J Berkson
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Berkson ZJ, Zhu R, Ehinger C, Lätsch L, Schmid SP, Nater D, Pollitt S, Safonova OV, Björgvinsdóttir S, Barnes AB, Román-Leshkov Y, Price GA, Sunley GJ, Copéret C. Active Site Descriptors from 95Mo NMR Signatures of Silica-Supported Mo-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37256723 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The olefin metathesis activity of silica-supported molybdenum oxides depends strongly on metal loading and preparation conditions, indicating that the nature and/or amounts of the active sites vary across compositionally similar catalysts. This is illustrated by comparing Mo-based (pre)catalysts prepared by impregnation (2.5-15.6 wt % Mo) and a model material (2.3 wt % Mo) synthesized via surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC). Analyses of FTIR, UV-vis, and Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectra show that these (pre)catalysts are composed predominantly of similar isolated Mo dioxo sites. However, they exhibit different reaction properties in both liquid and gas-phase olefin metathesis with the SOMC-derived catalyst outperforming a classical catalyst of a similar Mo loading by ×1.5-2.0. Notably, solid-state 95Mo NMR analyses leveraging state-of-the-art high-field (28.2 T) measurement conditions resolve four distinct surface Mo dioxo sites with distributions that depend on the (pre)catalyst preparation methods. The intensity of a specific deshielded 95Mo NMR signal, which is most prominent in the SOMC-derived catalyst, is linked to reducibility and catalytic activity. First-principles calculations show that 95Mo NMR parameters directly manifest the local strain and coordination environment: acute (SiO-Mo(O)2-OSi) angles and low coordination numbers at Mo lead to highly deshielded 95Mo chemical shifts and small quadrupolar coupling constants, respectively. Natural chemical shift analyses relate the 95Mo NMR signature of strained species to low LUMO energies, which is consistent with their high reducibility and corresponding reactivity. The 95Mo chemical shifts of supported Mo dioxo sites are thus linked to their specific electronic structures, providing a powerful descriptor for their propensity toward reduction and formation of active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah J Berkson
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ran Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christian Ehinger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Lätsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Stefan P Schmid
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Darryl Nater
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Pollitt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Snædís Björgvinsdóttir
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander B Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory A Price
- Applied Sciences, bp Innovation & Engineering, BP plc, Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, U.K
| | - Glenn J Sunley
- Applied Sciences, bp Innovation & Engineering, BP plc, Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, U.K
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
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