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Yue Y, Zhang D, Wang P, Xia X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Mei J, Li S, Li M, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wei X, Liu H, Zhou W. Large-Area Flexible Carbon Nanofilms with Synergistically Enhanced Transmittance and Conductivity Prepared by Reorganizing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313971. [PMID: 38573651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Large-area flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) are highly desired for future electronic devices. Nanocarbon TCFs are one of the most promising candidates, but some of their properties are mutually restricted. Here, a novel carbon nanotube network reorganization (CNNR) strategy, that is, the facet-driven CNNR (FD-CNNR) technique, is presented to overcome this intractable contradiction. The FD-CNNR technique introduces an interaction between single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and Cu─-O. Based on the unique FD-CNNR mechanism, large-area flexible reorganized carbon nanofilms (RNC-TCFs) are designed and fabricated with A3-size and even meter-length, including reorganized SWNT (RSWNT) films and graphene and RSWNT (G-RSWNT) hybrid films. Synergistic improvement in strength, transmittance, and conductivity of flexible RNC-TCFs is achieved. The G-RSWNT TCF shows sheet resistance as low as 69 Ω sq-1 at 86% transmittance, FOM value of 35, and Young's modulus of ≈45 MPa. The high strength enables RNC-TCFs to be freestanding on water and easily transferred to any target substrate without contamination. A4-size flexible smart window is fabricated, which manifests controllable dimming and fog removal. The FD-CNNR technique can be extended to large-area or even large-scale fabrication of TCFs and can provide new insights into the design of TCFs and other functional films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaogang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuejuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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Dong Y, Yu R, Su G, Ma Z, He Z, Wang R, Zhang Y, Yang J, Gong Y, Li M, Tan Z. Interface Reactive Sputtering of Transparent Electrode for High-Performance Monolithic and Stacked Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312704. [PMID: 38615260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) fulfills the requirements of top transparent electrodes (TTEs) in semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and stacked tandem solar cells (TSCs), as well as of the recombination layers in monolithic TSCs. However, the high-energy ITO particles will cause damage to the devices. Herein, the interface reactive sputtering strategy is proposed to construct cost-effective TTEs with high transmittance and excellent carrier transporting ability. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is chosen as the interface reactant that can react with sputtered ITO nanoparticles, so that, coordination compounds can be formed during the deposition process, facilitating the carrier transport at the interface of C60/PEI/ITO. Besides, the impact force of energetic ITO particles is greatly alleviated, and the intactness of the underlying C60 layer and perovskite layer is guaranteed. Thus, the prepared semitransparent subcells achieve a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.17%, surpassing those based on C60/ITO (11.64%). Moreover, the PEI-based devices demonstrate excellent storage stability, which maintains 98% of their original PCEs after 2000 h. On the strength of the interface reactive sputtering ITO electrode, a stacked all-perovskite TSC with a PCE of 26.89% and a monolithic perovskite-organic TSC with a PCE of 24.33% are successfully fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runnan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gangfeng Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zongwen Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhangwei He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yongshuai Gong
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Chen Y, Li Y, Han L, Sun H, Lyu M, Zhang Z, Maruyama S, Li Y. Marangoni-flow-assisted assembly of single-walled carbon nanotube films for human motion sensing. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:570-574. [PMID: 38933200 PMCID: PMC11197757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) present excellent electronic and mechanical properties desired in wearable and flexible devices. The preparation of SWCNT films is the first step for fabricating various devices. This work developed a scalable and feasible method to assemble SWCNT thin films on water surfaces based on Marangoni flow induced by surface tension gradient. The films possess a large area of 40 cm × 30 cm (extensible), a tunable thickness of 15∼150 nm, a high transparency of up to 96%, and a decent conductivity. They are ready to be directly transferred to various substrates, including flexible ones. Flexible strain sensors were fabricated with the films on flexible substrates. These sensors worked with high sensitivity and repeatability. By realizing multi-functional human motion sensing, including responding to voices, monitoring artery pulses, and detecting knuckle and muscle actions, the assembled SWCNT films demonstrated the potential for application in smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yitan Li
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Min Lyu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zeyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Song F, Zheng D, Feng J, Liu J, Ye T, Li Z, Wang K, Liu SF, Yang D. Mechanical Durability and Flexibility in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Advancements and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312041. [PMID: 38219020 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable progress in perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology has witnessed a remarkable leap in efficiency within the past decade. As this technology continues to mature, flexible PSCs (F-PSCs) are emerging as pivotal components for a wide array of applications, spanning from powering portable electronics and wearable devices to integrating seamlessly into electronic textiles and large-scale industrial roofing. F-PSCs characterized by their lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and adaptability for cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing, hold immense commercial potential. However, the persistent concerns regarding the overall stability and mechanical robustness of these devices loom large. This comprehensive review delves into recent strides made in enhancing the mechanical stability of F-PSCs. It covers a spectrum of crucial aspects, encompassing perovskite material optimization, precise crystal grain regulation, film quality enhancement, strategic interface engineering, innovational developed flexible transparent electrodes, judicious substrate selection, and the integration of various functional layers. By collating and analyzing these dedicated research endeavors, this review illuminates the current landscape of progress in addressing the challenges surrounding mechanical stability. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the persistent obstacles and bottlenecks that demand attention and innovative solutions in the field of F-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dexu Zheng
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jishuang Liu
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Huanjiang Laboratory, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zhuji, 311800, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Jintoku H, Futaba DN. Machine Learning-Assisted Exploration and Identification of Aqueous Dispersants in the Vast Diversity of Organic Chemicals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11800-11808. [PMID: 38390722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Dispersion represents a central processing method in the organization of nanomaterials; however, the strong interparticle interaction represents a significant obstacle to fabricating homogeneous and stable dispersions. While dispersants can greatly assist in overcoming this obstacle, the appropriate type is dependent on such factors as nanomaterial, solvent, experimental conditions, etc., and there is no general guide to assist in the selection from the vast number of possibilities. We report a strategy and successful demonstration of the machine-learning-based "Dispersant Explorer", which surveys and identifies suitable dispersants from open databases. Through the combined use of experimental and molecular descriptors derived from SMILES databases, the model showed exceptional predictive accuracy in surveying about ∼1000 chemical compounds and identifying those that could be applied as dispersants. Furthermore, fabrication of transparent conducting films using the predicted and previously unknown dispersant exhibited the highest sheet resistance and transmittance compared with those of other reported undoped films. This result highlights that, in addition to opening new avenues for novel dispersant discovery, machine learning has a potential to elucidate the chemical structures essential for optimal dispersion performance to assist in the advancement of the complex topic of nanomaterial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Jintoku
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
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Chen Z, Yang S, Huang J, Gu Y, Huang W, Liu S, Lin Z, Zeng Z, Hu Y, Chen Z, Yang B, Gui X. Flexible, Transparent and Conductive Metal Mesh Films with Ultra-High FoM for Stretchable Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:92. [PMID: 38252258 PMCID: PMC10803711 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, achieving a flexible EMI shielding film, while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and conductive copper (Cu) metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique. The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □-1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), and ultra-high figure of merit (> 13,000). It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability, with a resistance increases of only 1.3% after 1,000 bending cycles. As a stretchable heater (ε > 30%), the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110 °C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage. Moreover, the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5 μm. As a demonstration, it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yougen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Kang L, Qiu S, Li Q. Molecular Doping Modulation and Applications of Structure-Sorted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304075. [PMID: 37675833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that have a reproducible distribution of chiralities or single chirality are among the most competitive materials for realizing post-silicon electronics. Molecular doping, with its non-destructive and fine-tunable characteristics, is emerging as the primary doping approach for the structure-controlled SWCNTs, enabling their eventual use in various functional devices. This review provides an overview of important advances in the area of molecular doping of structure-controlled SWCNTs and their applications. The first part introduces the underlying physical process of molecular doping, followed by a comprehensive survey of the commonly used dopants for SWCNTs to date. Then, it highlights how the convergence of molecular doping and structure-sorting strategies leads to significantly improved functionality of SWCNT-based field-effect transistor arrays, transparent electrodes in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and many emerging devices. At last, several challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed, with the hope of shedding light on promoting the practical application of SWCNTs in future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lixing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Li C, Qiu T, Li C, Cheng B, Jin M, Zhou G, Giersig M, Wang X, Gao J, Akinoglu EM. Highly Flexible and Acid-Alkali Resistant TiN Nanomesh Transparent Electrodes for Next-Generation Optoelectronic Devices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24763-24772. [PMID: 37901960 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes are vital for optoelectronic devices, but their development has been constrained by the limitations of existing materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and newer alternatives. All face issues of robustness, flexibility, conductivity, and stability in harsh environments. Addressing this challenge, we developed a flexible, low-cost titanium nitride (TiN) nanomesh transparent electrode showcasing exceptional acid-alkali resistance. The TiN nanomesh electrode, created by depositing a TiN coating on a naturally cracked gel film substrate via a sputtering method, maintains a stable electrical performance through thousands of bending cycles. It exhibits outstanding chemical stability, resisting strong acid and alkali corrosion, which is a key hurdle for current electrodes when in contact with acidic/alkaline materials and solvents during device fabrication. This, coupled with superior light transmission and conductivity (88% at 550 nm with a sheet resistance of ∼200 Ω/sq), challenges the reliance on conventional materials. Our TiN nanomesh electrode, successfully applied in electric heaters and electrically controlled thermochromic devices, offers broad potential beyond harsh environment applications. It enables alternative possibilities for the design and fabrication of future optoelectronics for advancements in this pivotal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Qiu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cong Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyuan Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Giersig
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Eser Metin Akinoglu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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9
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Heng W, Weihua L, Bachagha K. Review on design strategies and applications of flexible cellulose‑carbon nanotube functional composites. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121306. [PMID: 37739536 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Combining the excellent biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility of cellulose with the outstanding electrical, mechanical, optical and stability properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose-CNT composites have been extensively studied and applied to many flexible functional materials. In this review, we present advances in structural design strategies and various applications of cellulose-CNT composites. Firstly, the structural characteristics and corresponding treatments of cellulose and CNTs are analyzed, as are the potential interactions between the two to facilitate the formation of cellulose-CNT composites. Then, the design strategies and processing techniques of cellulose-CNT composites are discussed from the perspectives of cellulose fibers at the macroscopic scale (natural cotton, hemp, and other fibers; recycled cellulose fibers); nanocellulose at the micron scale (nanofibers, nanocrystals, etc.); and macromolecular chains at the molecular scale (cellulose solutions). Further, the applications of cellulose-CNT composites in various fields, such as flexible energy harvesting and storage devices, strain and humidity sensors, electrothermal devices, magnetic shielding, and photothermal conversion, are introduced. This review will help readers understand the design strategies of cellulose-CNT composites and develop potential high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Heng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Weihua
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Kareem Bachagha
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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10
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Yuan S, Fan Z, Wang G, Chai Z, Wang T, Zhao D, Busnaina AA, Lu X. Fabrication of Flexible and Transparent Metal Mesh Electrodes Using Surface Energy-Directed Assembly Process for Touch Screen Panels and Heaters. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304990. [PMID: 37818769 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are indispensable components of various optoelectronic devices such as displays, touch screen panels, solar cells, and smart windows. To date, the fabrication processes for metal mesh-based TCEs are either costly or having limited resolution and throughput. Here, a two-step surface energy-directed assembly (SEDA) process to efficiently fabricate high resolution silver meshes is introduced. The two-step SEDA process turns from assembly on a functionalized substrate with hydrophilic mesh patterns into assembly on a functionalized substrate with stripe patterns. During the SEDA process, a three-phase contact line pins on the hydrophilic pattern regions while recedes on the hydrophobic non-pattern regions, ensuring that the assembly process can be achieved with excellent selectivity. The necessity of using the two-step SEDA process rather than a one-step SEDA process is demonstrated by both experimental results and theoretical analysis. Utilizing the two-step SEDA process, silver meshes with a line width down to 2 µm are assembled on both rigid and flexible substrates. The thickness of the silver meshes can be tuned by varying the withdraw speed and the assembly times. The assembled silver meshes exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties (sheet resistance of 1.79 Ω/□, optical transmittance of ≈92%, and a FoM value of 2465) as well as excellent mechanical stability. The applications of the assembled silver meshes in touch screen panels and thermal heaters are demonstrated, implying the potential of using the two-step SEDA process for the fabrication of TCEs for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zebin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhimin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ahmed A Busnaina
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Xinchun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Chen L, Khan A, Dai S, Bermak A, Li W. Metallic Micro-Nano Network-Based Soft Transparent Electrodes: Materials, Processes, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302858. [PMID: 37890452 PMCID: PMC10724424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Soft transparent electrodes (TEs) have received tremendous interest from academia and industry due to the rapid development of lightweight, transparent soft electronics. Metallic micro-nano networks (MMNNs) are a class of promising soft TEs that exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties, including low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance, as well as superior mechanical properties such as softness, robustness, and desirable stability. They are genuinely interesting alternatives to conventional conductive metal oxides, which are expensive to fabricate and have limited flexibility on soft surfaces. This review summarizes state-of-the-art research developments in MMNN-based soft TEs in terms of performance specifications, fabrication methods, and application areas. The review describes the implementation of MMNN-based soft TEs in optoelectronics, bioelectronics, tactile sensors, energy storage devices, and other applications. Finally, it presents a perspective on the technical difficulties and potential future possibilities for MMNN-based TE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Shuqin Dai
- Department School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Amine Bermak
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Wen‐Di Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
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12
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Wang MW, Fan W, Li X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang W, Wu J, Wang Z. Molecular Carbons: How Far Can We Go? ACS NANO 2023; 17:20734-20752. [PMID: 37889626 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The creation and development of carbon nanomaterials promoted material science significantly. Bottom-up synthesis has emerged as an efficient strategy to synthesize atomically precise carbon nanomaterials, namely, molecular carbons, with various sizes and topologies. Different from the properties of the feasibly obtained mixture of carbon nanomaterials, numerous properties of single-component molecular carbons have been discovered owing to their well-defined structures as well as potential applications in various fields. This Perspective introduces recent advances in molecular carbons derived from fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbyne, graphyne, and Schwarzite carbon acquired with different synthesis strategies. By selecting a variety of representative examples, we elaborate on the relationship between molecular carbons and carbon nanomaterials. We hope these multiple points of view presented may facilitate further advancement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Witczak Ł, Chrzanowski M, Sitarek P, Łysień M, Podhorodecki A. Flexible Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using Embedded Silver Mesh Transparent Electrodes Manufactured by an Ultraprecise Deposition Method. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39217-39221. [PMID: 37901506 PMCID: PMC10601085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) fabricated onto flexible substrates are crucial parts of organic-light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are vastly utilized for display and lightning applications. Indium tin oxide (ITO), which is so far the most popular material for transparent and conductive electrodes, is found to be an unsuitable candidate for flexible devices mostly due to its brittleness. Here, we present a novel approach for the fabrication of transparent, conductive, and flexible electrodes for optoelectronic applications made of silver metal mesh by an ultraprecise deposition (UPD) method. The fabricated mesh exhibits an 80% (λ = 550 nm) optical transmittance and a sheet resistance of 11 Ω/sq. The Ag-mesh embedded into the polymer is implemented as an anode for a quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) in order to assess its performance. The fabricated QLED is characterized by the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2% and a current efficiency (CE) of 6 cd/A, reaching the maximum luminance (L) of 3200 cd/m2 at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. This method shows a fast and relatively simple approach to fabricate optoelectronic devices without the need for special treatment and sophisticated equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Witczak
- XTPL
SA, Stabłowicka
147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Chrzanowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sitarek
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Łysień
- XTPL
SA, Stabłowicka
147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Podhorodecki
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Kumar S, Seo Y. Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes: Unveiling Growth Mechanisms, Material Dimensions, Fabrication Methods, and Design Strategies. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300908. [PMID: 37821417 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) constitute an indispensable component in state-of-the-art electronic devices, such as wearable flexible sensors, flexible displays, artificial skin, and biomedical devices, etc. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques, growth modes, material dimensions, design, and their impacts on FTCEs fabrication. The growth modes, such as the "Stranski-Krastanov growth," "Frank-van der Merwe growth," and "Volmer-Weber growth" modes provide flexibility in fabricating FTCEs. Application of different materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, polymer composites, conductive oxides, and hybrid materials in FTCE fabrication, emphasizing their suitability in flexible devices are discussed. This review also delves into the design strategies of FTCEs, including microgrids, nanotroughs, nanomesh, nanowires network, and "kirigami"-inspired patterns, etc. The pros and cons associated with these materials and designs are also addressed appropriately. Considerations such as trade-offs between electrical conductivity and optical transparency or "figure of merit (FoM)," "strain engineering," "work function," and "haze" are also discussed briefly. Finally, this review outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of FTCEs for flexible electronics, including the improved trade-offs between optoelectronic parameters, novel materials development, mechanical stability, reproducibility, scalability, and durability enhancement, safety, biocompatibility, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yongho Seo
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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15
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Pan X, Liu R, Yu Z, Haas B, Kochovski Z, Cao S, Sarhan RM, Chen G, Lu Y. Multi-functionalized carbon nanotubes towards green fabrication of heterogeneous catalyst platforms with enhanced catalytic properties under NIR light irradiation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15749-15760. [PMID: 37740300 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been attractive hybrid systems due to their high specific surface area and exceptional catalytic activity, but their challenging synthesis and dispersion impede their extensive applications. Herein, we report a facile and green approach towards the fabrication of metal/CNT composites, which utilizes a versatile glycopeptide (GP) both as a stabilizer for CNTs in water and as a reducing agent for noble metal ions. The abundant hydrogen bonds in GP endow the formed GP-CNTs with excellent plasticity, enabling the availability of polymorphic CNT species from dispersion to viscous paste, gel, and even to dough by increasing their concentration. The GP molecules can reduce metal precursors at room temperature without additional reducing agents, enabling the in situ immobilization of metal nanoparticles (e.g. Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) on the CNT surface. The combination of the excellent catalytic properties of Pd particles with photothermal conversion capability of CNTs makes the Pd/CNT composite a promising catalyst for the fast degradation of organic pollutants, as demonstrated by a model catalytic reaction using 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The conversion of 4-NP using the Pd/CNT composite as the catalyst has increased by 1.6-fold under near infrared light illumination, benefiting from the strong light-to-heat conversion effect of CNTs. Our proposed strategy opens a new avenue for the synthesis of CNT composites as a sustainable and versatile catalyst platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pan
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhilong Yu
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Haas
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sijia Cao
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Radwan M Sarhan
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Kim M, Ma KY, Kim H, Lee Y, Park JH, Shin HS. 2D Materials in the Display Industry: Status and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205520. [PMID: 36539122 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With advances in flexible electronics, innovative foldable, rollable, and stretchable displays have been developed to maintain their performance under various deformations. These flexible devices can develop more innovative designs than conventional devices due to their light weight, high space efficiency, and practical convenience. However, developing flexible devices requires material innovation because the devices must be flexible and exhibit desirable electrical insulating/semiconducting/metallic properties. Recently, emerging 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable research attention because of their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, which are ideal for flexible electronics. The recent progress and challenges of 2D material growth and display applications are reviewed and perspectives for exploring 2D materials for display applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung Yeol Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyeongjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | | | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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17
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Ilatovskii DA, Krasnikov DV, Goldt AE, Mousavihashemi S, Sainio J, Khabushev EM, Alekseeva AA, Luchkin SY, Vinokurov ZS, Shmakov AN, Elakshar A, Kallio T, Nasibulin AG. Robust method for uniform coating of carbon nanotubes with V 2O 5 for next-generation transparent electrodes and Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25817-25827. [PMID: 37655361 PMCID: PMC10467569 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites comprising vanadium-pentoxide (V2O5) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising components for emerging applications in optoelectronics, solar cells, chemical and electrochemical sensors, etc. We propose a novel, simple, and facile approach for SWCNT covering with V2O5 by spin coating under ambient conditions. With the hydrolysis-polycondensation of the precursor (vanadyl triisopropoxide) directly on the surface of SWCNTs, the nm-thick layer of oxide is amorphous with a work function of 4.8 eV. The material recrystallizes after thermal treatment at 600 °C, achieving the work function of 5.8 eV. The key advantages of the method are that the obtained coating is uniform with a tunable thickness and does not require vacuuming or heating during processing. We demonstrate the groundbreaking results for two V2O5/SWCNT applications: transparent electrode and cathode for Li-ion batteries. As a transparent electrode, the composite shows stable sheet resistance of 160 Ω sq-1 at a 90% transmittance (550 nm) - the best performance reported for SWCNTs doped by metal oxides. As a cathode material, the obtained specific capacity (330 mA h g-1) is the highest among all the other V2O5/SWCNT cathodes reported so far. This approach opens new horizons for the creation of the next generation of metal oxide composites for various applications, including optoelectronics and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Krasnikov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia E Goldt
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | | | - Jani Sainio
- Aalto University Kemistintie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Eldar M Khabushev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Alena A Alekseeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Yu Luchkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Zakhar S Vinokurov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Lavrentieva Avenue 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Shmakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS Lavrentieva Avenue 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Aly Elakshar
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Aalto University Kemistintie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bd. 1 Moscow 121205 Russian Federation
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18
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Awati A, Zhou S, Shi T, Zeng J, Yang R, He Y, Zhang X, Zeng H, Zhu D, Cao T, Xie L, Liu M, Kong B. Interfacial Super-Assembly of Intertwined Nanofibers toward Hybrid Nanochannels for Synergistic Salinity Gradient Power Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37235387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Capturing the abundant salinity gradient power into electric power by nanofluidic systems has attracted increasing attention and has shown huge potential to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution problems. However, not only the imbalance between permeability and selectivity but also the poor stability and high cost of traditional membranes limit their scale-up realistic applications. Here, intertwined "soft-hard" nanofibers/tubes are densely super-assembled on the surface of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) to construct a heterogeneous nanochannel membrane, which exhibits smart ion transport and improved salinity gradient power conversion. In this process, one-dimensional (1D) "soft" TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are wrapped around "hard" carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form three-dimensional (3D) dense nanochannel networks, subsequently forming a CNF-CNT/AAO hybrid membrane. The 3D nanochannel networks constructed by this intertwined "soft-hard" nanofiber/tube method can significantly enhance the membrane stability while maintaining the ion selectivity and permeability. Furthermore, benefiting from the asymmetric structure and charge polarity, the hybrid nanofluidic membrane displays a low membrane inner resistance, directional ionic rectification characteristics, outstanding cation selectivity, and excellent salinity gradient power conversion performance with an output power density of 3.3 W/m2. Besides, a pH sensitive property of the hybrid membrane is exhibited, and a higher power density of 4.2 W/m2 can be achieved at a pH of 11, which is approximately 2 times more compared to that of pure 1D nanomaterial based homogeneous membranes. These results indicate that this interfacial super-assembly strategy can provide a way for large-scale production of nanofluidic devices for various fields including salinity gradient energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuduheiremu Awati
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ting Shi
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ran Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun He
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dazhang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tongcheng Cao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P. R. China
- Shandong Research Institute, Fudan University, Shandong 250103, P. R. China
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19
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Zhang L, Ma Z, Sun H, Zhang R, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Li J, Du X, Hao X. A novel CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane with electron-ion transfer channel for Br - recovery in ESIX process. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:784-793. [PMID: 37229996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Based on the superior selectivity of bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) for Br-, the excellent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and the ion exchange capacity of quaternized chitosan (QCS), a three-dimensional network composite membrane electrode CNTs/QCS/BiOBr was constructed, in which BiOBr served as the storage space for Br-, CNTs provided the electron transfer pathway, and QCS cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (GA) was used for ion transfer. The CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane exhibits superior conductivity after the introduction of the polymer electrolyte, which is seven orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional ion-exchange membranes. Furthermore, the addition of the electroactive material BiOBr improved the adsorption capacity for Br- by a factor of 2.7 in electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) system. Meanwhile, the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane displays excellent Br- selectivity in mixed solutions of Br-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-. Therein, the covalent bond cross-linking within the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane endows it great electrochemical stability. The synergistic adsorption mechanism of the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane provides a new direction for achieving more efficient ion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Haidong Sun
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Rongzi Zhang
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jun Li
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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20
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Garg R, Patra NR, Samal S, Babbar S, Parida K. A review on accelerated development of skin-like MXene electrodes: from experimental to machine learning. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8110-8133. [PMID: 37096943 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05969j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Foreshadowing future needs has catapulted the progress of skin-like electronic devices for human-machine interactions. These devices possess human skin-like properties such as stretchability, self-healability, transparency, biocompatibility, and wearability. This review highlights the recent progress in a promising material, MXenes, to realize soft, deformable, skin-like electrodes. Various structural designs, fabrication strategies, and rational guidelines adopted to realize MXene-based skin-like electrodes are outlined. We explicitly discussed machine learning-based material informatics to understand and predict the properties of MXenes. Finally, an outlook on the existing challenges and the future roadmap to realize soft skin-like MXene electrodes to facilitate technological advances in the next-generation human-machine interactions has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Garg
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Shubham Babbar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
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21
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Natsuki J, Natsuki T. Silver Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanocomposites: One-Step Green Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1297. [PMID: 37110882 PMCID: PMC10146721 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanocomposites of silver nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (AgNPs/MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized by a green one-step method without using any organic solvent. The synthesis and attachment of AgNPs onto the surface of MWCNTs were performed simultaneously by chemical reduction. In addition to their synthesis, the sintering of AgNPs/MWCNTs can be carried out at room temperature. The proposed fabrication process is rapid, cost efficient, and ecofriendly compared with multistep conventional approaches. The prepared AgNPs/MWCNTs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The transmittance and electrical properties of the transparent conductive films (TCF_Ag/CNT) fabricated using the prepared AgNPs/MWCNTs were characterized. The results showed that the TCF_Ag/CNT film has excellent properties, such as high flexible strength, good high transparency, and high conductivity, and could therefore be an effective substitute for conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) films with poor flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Natsuki
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386 8567, Japan;
| | - Toshiaki Natsuki
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386 8567, Japan;
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3 15 1 Tokida, Ueda shi, Nagano 386 8567, Japan
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22
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Chao Y, Yu S, Zhang H, Gong D, Li J, Wang F, Chen J, Zhu J, Chen J. Architecting Lignin/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel with Carbon Nanotubes for Photothermal Antibacterial Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1525-1535. [PMID: 36892253 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development of antimicrobial resistance, rapid and effective killing of bacteria is required for infected wound healing after skin trauma. Herein, we reported a one-pot reaction strategy to prepare a composite hydrogel with antibacterial activity through high-efficiency photothermal therapy. We take poly(vinyl alcohol) as the matrix, and lignin-derived from biomass was introduced into the hydrogel to increase the tensile strength of the prepared hydrogel to 108.58 kPa, and the elongation at break reaches 200.8%. The electrostatic interaction between lignin and chitosan enhanced the reactivity of lignin. Carbon nanotubes endow the hydrogel with photothermal antibacterial activity that can kill more than 97% of either Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus within 5 min, avoiding the problem of bacterial resistance. Experimental evaluation on mice showed that the hydrogel could effectively promote wound healing of full-thickness skin defects. The hydrogels with good mechanical properties, antioxidant activity, and excellent photothermal antibacterial ability show good potential to repair the damaged tissue and are expected to be used in the clinical transformation of wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyan Chao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shengkai Yu
- Research Institute of Smart Medicine and Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Institute of Smart Medicine and Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dirong Gong
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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23
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Liu M, Ren P, Qiao H, Zhang M, Wu W, Li B, Wang H, Luo D, Liu J, Wang Y. High Temperature-Resistant Transparent Conductive Films for Photoelectrochemical Devices Based on W/Ag Composite Nanonetworks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:708. [PMID: 36839076 PMCID: PMC9960394 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Ag nanowire preparation means that it cannot meet the demanding requirements of photoelectrochemical devices due to the undesirable conductivity, difficulty in compounding, and poor heat resistance. Here, we prepared an Ag nanonetwork with superior properties using a special template method based on electrospinning technology. The transparent conductive films based on Ag nanonetworks have good transmittance in a wide range from ultraviolet to visible. It is important that the films have high operability and are easy to be compounded with other materials. After compounding with high-melting-point W metal, the heat-resistance temperature of the W/Ag composite transparent conductive films is increased by 100 °C to 460 °C, and the light transmission and electrical conductivity of the films are not significantly affected. All experimental phenomena in the study are analyzed theoretically. This research can provide an important idea for the metal nanowire electrode, which is difficult to be applied to the photoelectrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Liu
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Peiling Ren
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Baoping Li
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Daobin Luo
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Jianke Liu
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Youqing Wang
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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24
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Emerging insights into the use of carbon-based nanomaterials for the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Ros E, Fernández S, Ortega P, Taboada E, Arnedo I, Gandía JJ, Voz C. Impact of Graphene Monolayer on the Performance of Non-Conventional Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with MoO x Hole-Selective Contact. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1223. [PMID: 36770227 PMCID: PMC9921961 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new design of transparent conductive electrode based on a graphene monolayer is evaluated. This hybrid electrode is incorporated into non-standard, high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells, where the conventional emitter is replaced by a MoOx selective contact. The device characterization reveals a clear electrical improvement when the graphene monolayer is placed as part of the electrode. The current-voltage characteristic of the solar cell with graphene shows an improved FF and Voc provided by the front electrode modification. Improved conductance values up to 5.5 mS are achieved for the graphene-based electrode, in comparison with 3 mS for bare ITO. In addition, the device efficiency improves by around 1.6% when graphene is incorporated on top. These results so far open the possibility of noticeably improving the contact technology of non-conventional photovoltaic technologies and further enhancing their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Ros
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- División de Energías Renovables, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Taboada
- das-Nano, Polígono Industrial Talluntxe II, Calle M-10, Tajonar, 31192 Navarra, Spain
| | - Israel Arnedo
- das-Nano, Polígono Industrial Talluntxe II, Calle M-10, Tajonar, 31192 Navarra, Spain
- Departamento Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Javier Gandía
- División de Energías Renovables, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Voz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Ding S, Yin T, Zhang S, Yang D, Zhou H, Guo S, Li Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Peng B, Yang R, Jiang Z. Fast-speed, Highly Sensitive, Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on a Printable Composite of Carbon Nanotubes and Hydrophilic Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1474-1481. [PMID: 36641772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising material for humidity sensors and wearable electronics due to their solution capability, good flexibility, and high conductivity. However, the performance of CNT-based humidity sensors is limited by their low sensitivity and slow response. Herein CNTs and hydrophilic polymers were mixed to form a composite. The hydrophilicity of the polymers and the network structure of the CNTs empowered the humidity sensors with a high response of 171% and a fast response/recovery time of 23 s/10 s. Owing to the sticky and flexible polymers, the humidity sensors showed strong adhesion to the PET substrate and exhibited outstanding bending durability. Furthermore, the flexible humidity sensor was applied to monitor human breathing and detect finger movements and handshaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Tong Yin
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Dingyi Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Houlin Zhou
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Shouchen Guo
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Qikun Li
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 572000, China
| | - Biaolin Peng
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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27
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Das R, Nag S, Banerjee P. Electrochemical Nanosensors for Sensitization of Sweat Metabolites: From Concept Mapping to Personalized Health Monitoring. Molecules 2023; 28:1259. [PMID: 36770925 PMCID: PMC9920341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweat contains a broad range of important biomarkers, which may be beneficial for acquiring non-invasive biochemical information on human health status. Therefore, highly selective and sensitive electrochemical nanosensors for the non-invasive detection of sweat metabolites have turned into a flourishing contender in the frontier of disease diagnosis. A large surface area, excellent electrocatalytic behavior and conductive properties make nanomaterials promising sensor materials for target-specific detection. Carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., CNT, carbon quantum dots, and graphene), noble metals (e.g., Au and Pt), and metal oxide nanomaterials (e.g., ZnO, MnO2, and NiO) are widely used for modifying the working electrodes of electrochemical sensors, which may then be further functionalized with requisite enzymes for targeted detection. In the present review, recent developments (2018-2022) of electrochemical nanosensors by both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic sensors for the effectual detection of sweat metabolites (e.g., glucose, ascorbic acid, lactate, urea/uric acid, ethanol and drug metabolites) have been comprehensively reviewed. Along with this, electrochemical sensing principles, including potentiometry, amperometry, CV, DPV, SWV and EIS have been briefly presented in the present review for a conceptual understanding of the sensing mechanisms. The detection thresholds (in the range of mM-nM), sensitivities, linear dynamic ranges and sensing modalities have also been properly addressed for a systematic understanding of the judicious design of more effective sensors. One step ahead, in the present review, current trends of flexible wearable electrochemical sensors in the form of eyeglasses, tattoos, gloves, patches, headbands, wrist bands, etc., have also been briefly summarized, which are beneficial for on-body in situ measurement of the targeted sweat metabolites. On-body monitoring of sweat metabolites via wireless data transmission has also been addressed. Finally, the gaps in the ongoing research endeavors, unmet challenges, outlooks and future prospects have also been discussed for the development of advanced non-invasive self-health-care-monitoring devices in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyanka Das
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somrita Nag
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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28
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Ding EX, Liu P, Yoon HH, Ahmed F, Du M, Shafi AM, Mehmood N, Kauppinen EI, Sun Z, Lipsanen H. Highly Sensitive MoS 2 Photodetectors Enabled with a Dry-Transferred Transparent Carbon Nanotube Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4216-4225. [PMID: 36635093 PMCID: PMC9880956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating electronic and optoelectronic devices by transferring pre-deposited metal electrodes has attracted considerable attention, owing to the improved device performance. However, the pre-deposited metal electrode typically involves complex fabrication procedures. Here, we introduce our facile electrode fabrication process which is free of lithography, lift-off, and reactive ion etching by directly press-transferring a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film. We fabricated Schottky diodes for photodetector applications using dry-transferred SWCNT films as the transparent electrode to increase light absorption in photoactive MoS2 channels. The MoS2 flake vertically stacked with an SWCNT electrode can exhibit excellent photodetection performance with a responsivity of ∼2.01 × 103 A/W and a detectivity of ∼3.2 × 1012 Jones. Additionally, we carried out temperature-dependent current-voltage measurement and Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot analysis to explore the dominant charge transport mechanism. The enhanced photodetection in the vertical configuration is found to be attributed to the FN tunneling and internal photoemission of charge carriers excited from indium tin oxide across the MoS2 layer. Our study provides a novel concept of using a photoactive MoS2 layer as a tunneling layer itself with a dry-transferred transparent SWCNT electrode for high-performance and energy-efficient optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Xiong Ding
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Hoon Hahn Yoon
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Mingde Du
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Abde Mayeen Shafi
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Naveed Mehmood
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, EspooFI-02150, Finland
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29
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Takemoto A, Araki T, Nishimura K, Akiyama M, Uemura T, Kiriyama K, Koot JM, Kasai Y, Kurihira N, Osaki S, Wakida S, den Toonder JM, Sekitani T. Fully Transparent, Ultrathin Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Additive Integration for Bioelectronic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204746. [PMID: 36373679 PMCID: PMC9839865 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical transparency is highly desirable in bioelectronic sensors because it enables multimodal optical assessment during electronic sensing. Ultrathin (<5 µm) organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) can be potentially used as a highly efficient bioelectronic transducer because they demonstrate high transconductance during low-voltage operation and close conformability to biological tissues. However, the fabrication of fully transparent ultrathin OECTs remains a challenge owing to the harsh etching processes of nanomaterials. In this study, fully transparent, ultrathin, and flexible OECTs are developed using additive integration processes of selective-wetting deposition and thermally bonded lamination. These processes are compatible with Ag nanowire electrodes and conducting polymer channels and realize unprecedented flexible OECTs with high visible transmittance (>90%) and high transconductance (≈1 mS) in low-voltage operations (<0.6 V). Further, electroencephalogram acquisition and nitrate ion sensing are demonstrated in addition to the compatibility of simultaneous assessments of optical blood flowmetry when the transparent OECTs are worn, owing to the transparency. These feasibility demonstrations show promise in contributing to human stress monitoring in bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashuya Takemoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
- Department of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
- Department of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishimura
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
- Department of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Mihoko Akiyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Kazuki Kiriyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
- Department of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Johan M. Koot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Yuko Kasai
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Naoko Kurihira
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
| | - Shuto Osaki
- Department of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Shin‐ichi Wakida
- Department of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
| | - Jaap M.J. den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka UniversityIbaraki567‐0047Japan
- Department of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Osaka UniversitySuita565‐0871Japan
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30
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Pyo S, Eun Y, Sim J, Kim K, Choi J. Carbon nanotube-graphene hybrids for soft electronics, sensors, and actuators. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-022-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSoft devices that are mechanically flexible and stretchable are considered as the building blocks for various applications ranging from wearable devices to robotics. Among the many candidate materials for constructing soft devices, carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been actively investigated owing to their outstanding characteristics, including their intrinsic flexibility, tunable conductivity, and potential for large-area processing. In particular, hybrids of CNTs and graphene can improve the performance of soft devices and provide them with novel capabilities. In this review, the advances in CNT-graphene hybrid-based soft electrodes, transistors, pressure and strain sensors, and actuators are discussed, highlighting the performance improvements of these devices originating from the synergistic effects of the hybrids of CNT and graphene. The integration of multidimensional heterogeneous carbon nanomaterials is expected to be a promising approach for accelerating the development of high-performance soft devices. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities are summarized, from the processing of hybrid materials to the system-level integration of multiple components.
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31
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Zhang J, Shangguan S, Wang X, Deng H, Qi D, Chen S, Zheng H. Spatially modulated femtosecond laser direct ablation-based preparation of ultra-flexible multifunctional copper mesh electrodes and its application. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39996-40008. [PMID: 36298940 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional electrodes possess superior properties such as high photoelectric properties and high stability. Laser manufacturing process is one of the widely used method for electrode fabrication. However, the current multifunctional electrode laser manufacturing process suffers from low fabrication speed. Here, we report a high-efficiency laser digital patterning process to fabricate copper-based flexible transparent conducting electrodes. By using a spatially modulated, one single laser spot is modulated into an array of spots with equal intensity, and the fabrication speed can be improved by more than 20 times over the traditional single pulse processing. In addition, copper mesh electrodes with a high photoelectric property have been fabricated. A transparent touch screen panel and multifunctional windows are fabricated with transparent electrodes to demonstrate their use in vehicle defogging, portable heating, and wearable devices.
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32
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Shi M, Hu Y, Luo X, Liu L, Yu J, Fan Y. Tiny NaOH Assisted Facile Preparation of Silk Nanofibers and Their Nanotube-Compositing Strong, Flexible, and Conductive Films. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4014-4023. [PMID: 35985039 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural silk nanofibers (SNFs) can not only be used as good building blocks for two- or three-dimensional biomaterials but also provide a clue for understanding the theory of structure-function relationships. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to directly extract SNFs from natural silk fibers due to their high crystallinity and recalcitrant complex structures. In the present study, a dilute alkali-assisted separation of high-yield SNFs is proposed. The degummed silk was first treated with a tiny amount of alkali at a mild temperature, followed by high-pressure homogenization. Under the optimized conditions (2% sodium hydroxide, 0 °C, 48 h), SNFs with diameters of 8-42 nm and lengths of 0.9 ± 0.3 μm were prepared with yields higher than 75%, which retained the natural structures at the nanoscale and some inherent properties of silk fibers. Interestingly, SNFs can be used as a stabilizing matrix to assist carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to disperse, aiming to form a uniform and stable CNT/SNF dispersion. Thereafter, a strong and flexible conductive composite film was fabricated with good mechanical properties. The composite film showed good piezoelectric properties and electric thermal response, which has promising application prospects for SNFs, such as in optical devices, nanoelectronics, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
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Ilatovskii DA, Gilshtein EP, Glukhova OE, Nasibulin AG. Transparent Conducting Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes: Rational Design toward the Theoretical Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201673. [PMID: 35712777 PMCID: PMC9405519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive thin-film materials possessing high transparency are essential components for many optoelectronic devices. The advancement in the transparent conductor applications requires a replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), one of the key materials in electronics. ITO and other transparent conductive metal oxides have several drawbacks, including poor flexibility, high refractive index and haze, limited chemical stability, and depleted raw material supply. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising alternative for transparent conducting films (TCFs) because of their unique and excellent chemical and physical properties. Here, the latest achievements in the optoelectronic performance of TCFs based on SWCNTs are analyzed. Various approaches to evaluate the performance of transparent electrodes are briefly reviewed. A roadmap for further research and development of the transparent conductors using "rational design," which breaks the deadlock for obtaining the TCFs with a performance close to the theoretical limit, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniia P. Gilshtein
- Empa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Saratov State UniversityAstrakhanskaya Str. 83Saratov410012Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityBolshaya Pirogovskaya Str. 2–4Moscow119991Russian Federation
| | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
- Aalto UniversityEspooFI‐00076Finland
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Park JS, Kim GU, Lee S, Lee JW, Li S, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Material Design and Device Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201623. [PMID: 35765775 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have greatly enhanced their commercial viability. Considering the technical standards (e.g., mechanical robustness) required for wearable electronics, which are promising application platforms for OSCs, the development of fully stretchable OSCs (f-SOSCs) should be accelerated. Here, a comprehensive overview of f-SOSCs, which are aimed to reliably operate under various forms of mechanical stress, including bending and multidirectional stretching, is provided. First, the mechanical requirements of f-SOSCs, in terms of tensile and cohesion/adhesion properties, are summarized along with the experimental methods to evaluate those properties. Second, essential studies to make each layer of f-SOSCs stretchable and efficient are discussed, emphasizing strategies to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of the active layer, ranging from material design to fabrication control. Key improvements to the other components/layers (i.e., substrate, electrodes, and interlayers) are also covered. Lastly, considering that f-SOSC research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future prospects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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35
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Butyrskaya E, Izmailova E, Le D. Understanding structure of alanine enantiomers on carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Electrochemical Redox In-Situ Welding of Silver Nanowire Films with High Transparency and Conductivity. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks with high transparency and conductivity are crucial to developing transparent conductive films (TCFs) for flexible optoelectronic devices. However, AgNW-based TCFs still suffer from the high contact resistance of AgNW junctions with both the in-plane and out-of-plane charge transport barrier. Herein, we report a rapid and green electrochemical redox strategy to in-situ weld AgNW networks for the enhanced conductivity and mechanical durability of TCFs with constant transparency. The welded TCFs show a marked decrease of the sheet resistance (reduced to 45.5% of initial values on average) with high transmittance of 97.02% at 550 nm (deducting the background of substrates). The electrochemical welding treatment enables the removal of the residual polyvinylpyrrolidone layer and the in-situ formation of Ag solder in the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. Furthermore, local conductivity studies confirm the improvement of both the in-plane and the out-of-plane charge transport by conductive atomic force microscopy. This proposed electrochemical redox method provides new insights on the welding of AgNW-based TCFs with high transparency and low resistance for the development of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, such conductive films based on the interconnected AgNW networks can be acted as an ideal supporter to construct heterogeneous structures with other functional materials for wide applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
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Narute P, Sharbidre RS, Lee CJ, Park BC, Jung HJ, Kim JH, Hong SG. Structural Integrity Preserving and Residue-Free Transfer of Large-Area Wrinkled Graphene onto Polymeric Substrates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9871-9882. [PMID: 35666252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkled graphene offers many advantageous features resulting from modifying the structural and physical properties as well as the chemical reactivity of graphene. However, its inadequate transferability to other substrates has limited its usability. This paper reports a roll-based clean transfer approach that enables the damage-free and contamination-free transfer of large-area wrinkled graphene onto polymeric substrates without compromising the integrity of wrinkle structures. The method implements the simultaneous imidazole-assisted etching and doping of chemical vapor-deposited graphene to fabricate multilayer graphene on a thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) substrate coated with a water-soluble poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) sacrificial layer via a roll-based transfer process. The compliant PSS layer affords the conformal contact between the PS substrate and graphene during the wrinkle formation process, enabling the controllable fabrication of graphene wrinkle structures on a large area. The water-soluble properties of PSS simplify the typically difficult separation of wrinkled graphene from the PS substrate after its transfer onto a target substrate. This improves the transferability of wrinkled graphene, rendering the transfer process solvent-free and residue-free. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the formulated method by transferring centimeter-scale wrinkled graphene onto currently used transparent flexible substrates (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate and polydimethylsiloxane). The results indicate that the transferred wrinkled graphene possesses the desirable combination of superior stretchability, optical transmittance, sheet resistance, and electromechanical stability, rendering its suitable application to transparent flexible and stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Narute
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh S Sharbidre
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chon Park
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-June Jung
- Center for Advanced Meta-Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Hong
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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38
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Kumar A, Kumar N. Advances in transparent polymer nanocomposites and their applications: A comprehensive review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2029892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Kumar
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, DR. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, DR. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
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Yin W, Huang Y, Lu M, Li D. A Cu nanoparticles‐assisted‐catalysis method enables controllably direct growth of graphene transparent conductive films on SiO2 nanospheres antireflection layer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Yin
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Yue Huang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Meng Lu
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Dezeng Li
- East China Normal University Department of Chemistry Room 425, Chemistry Building, No. 500 Dongchuan Road 200241 Shanghai CHINA
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40
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Huang L, Lin Y, Zeng W, Xu C, Chen Z, Wang Q, Zhou H, Yu Q, Zhao B, Ruan L, Wang S. Highly Transparent and Flexible Zn-Ti 3C 2T x MXene Hybrid Capacitors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5968-5976. [PMID: 35522587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the development of transparent and wearable electronic devices, energy supply units with high transmittance and flexibility, long cycle life, and high power and energy density are urgently needed. Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) combined with the advantages of both supercapacitors and zinc ion batteries are promising energy supply components in the abovementioned devices. In addition, the preparation of multifunctional devices has become a trend for the need of space- and resource-saving. Therefore, obtaining ZIHCs with high transmittance and exploring their potential applications are meaningful challenges. Herein, a transparent and flexible ZIHC composed of a patterned zinc foil anode, transparent MXene cathode, and ZnSO4-polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel electrolyte is designed and realized. The ZIHC exhibits a superior capacitance of 318 μF cm-2 (5 mV s-1) with 94% transmittance and retains 76% of the initial capacitance after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. It also shows excellent flexibility, i.e., its capacitance has no obvious attenuation under different bending states. Interestingly, the leakage current of the ZIHC is highly sensitive to electric fields, which shows potential application in electric field detection. This work presents a method to realize the multifunctional ZIHC with electric field sensing function for transparent and flexible wearable devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsheng Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewu Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Yu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtian Zhao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Ruan
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Siliang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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43
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Aazem I, Mathew DT, Radhakrishnan S, Vijoy KV, John H, Mulvihill DM, Pillai SC. Electrode materials for stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator in wearable electronics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10545-10572. [PMID: 35425002 PMCID: PMC8987949 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01088g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) for wearable electronics are in significant demand in the area of self-powered energy harvesting and storage devices. Designing a suitable electrode is one of the major challenges in developing a fully wearable TENG device and requires research aimed at exploring new materials and methods to develop stretchable electrodes. This review article is dedicated to presenting recent developments in exploring new materials for flexible TENGs with special emphasis on electrode components for wearable devices. In addition, materials that can potentially deliver properties such as transparency, self-healability and water-resistance are also reviewed. Inherently stretchable materials and a combination of soft and rigid materials including polymers and their composites, inorganic and ceramic materials, 2D materials and carbonaceous nanomaterials are also addressed. Additionally, various fabrication strategies and geometrical patterning techniques employed for designing highly stretchable electrodes for wearable TENG devices are also explored. The challenges reflected in the present approaches as well as feasible suggestions for future advancements are discussed. Schematic illustration of the general requirements of components of a wearable TENG.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Irthasa Aazem
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50 Ireland .,Health and Biomedical (HEAL) Strategic Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo Ash Lane Sligo F91 YW50 Ireland
| | - Dhanu Treasa Mathew
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala 682022 India.,Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala 682022 India
| | - Sithara Radhakrishnan
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala 682022 India.,Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala 682022 India
| | - K V Vijoy
- International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala 682022 India
| | - Honey John
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala 682022 India.,Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology Kerala 682022 India
| | - Daniel M Mulvihill
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Suresh C Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50 Ireland .,Health and Biomedical (HEAL) Strategic Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo Ash Lane Sligo F91 YW50 Ireland
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44
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Ji Y, Liao Y, Li H, Cai Y, Fan D, Liu Q, Huang S, Zhu R, Wang S, Wang H, Guo L. Flexible Metal Electrodes by Femtosecond Laser-Activated Deposition for Human-Machine Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11971-11980. [PMID: 35212517 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible metal electrodes are essential for flexible electronics, where the main challenge is to obtain mask-free patterned metals directly on substrates such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) at low cost. This work highlights a feasible strategy named femtosecond laser-activated metal deposition for electroless deposition of metals (Cu, Ni, Ag, and Au) on PDMS, which is suitable for maskless and low-cost fabrication of metal layers on PDMS and even on other materials of different natures including polyethylene terephthalate, paper, Si, and glass. The electrical conductivity of the PDMS/Cu electrode is comparable to that of bulk Cu. Moreover, robust bonding at the PDMS/Cu interface is evidenced by a scotch tape test and bending test of more than 20,000 cycles. Compared with previous studies using a nanosecond laser, the restriction on absorbing sensitizers could be alleviated, and catalysts could originate from precursors without polymer substrates under a femtosecond laser, which may be attributed to nonlinear absorption and ultrashort heating time with the femtosecond laser. Implementing a human-machine interface task is demonstrated by recognizing hand gestures via a multichannel electrode array with high fidelity to control a robot hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haihui Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuhang Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongliang Fan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shubin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renjie Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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45
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Hao J, Zhu Z, Hu C, Liu Z. Photosensitive-Stamp-Inspired Scalable Fabrication Strategy of Wearable Sensing Arrays for Noninvasive Real-Time Sweat Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4547-4555. [PMID: 35238536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensing is essential to the development of personalized health monitoring in a noninvasive manner with molecular-level insight. Hence, there is an increasing demand for convenient, facile, and efficient fabrication of wearable sensing arrays. Inspired by a photosensitive stamp (PS), we present herein a simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly vacuum filtration-transfer printing method (termed PS-VFTP) for the scalable preparation of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based flexible electrode arrays. This method can economically yield customized flexible SWCNT arrays with praiseworthy performance, such as high reproducibility, precision, uniformity, conductivity, and mechanical stability. In addition, the flexible SWCNT arrays can be easily functionalized into high-performance electrochemical sensors for the simultaneous monitoring of sweat metabolites (glucose, lactate) and electrolytes (Na+, K+). The integration of wearable sensing arrays with a signal acquisition and processing circuit system in the intelligent wearable sensors empowers them to realize noninvasive, real-time, and in situ sweat analysis during exercise. More meaningfully, such a PS-VFTP strategy can be easily expanded to the economical manufacturing of other flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Hao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqiang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengguo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062 Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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46
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Lee S, Guo LJ. Bioinspired Toughening Mechanisms in a Multilayer Transparent Conductor Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7440-7449. [PMID: 35080866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demands and interest in flexible and foldable devices, much effort has been devoted to the development of flexible transparent electrodes. An in-depth understanding of failure mechanisms in nanoscale structure is crucial in developing stable, flexible electronics with long-term durability. The present work investigated the mechanoelectric characteristics of transparent conductive electrodes in the form of dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) sandwich structures under bending, including one time and repeated cyclic bending test, and provides an explanation of their failure mechanism. We demonstrate how a thin metallic layer helps to enhance the mechanical robustness of the DMD as compared with that without, tune the mechanical properties of the cohesive layer, and improve the electrode fracture resistance. Abnormal crack propagation and toughening of multilayer DMD structures are analyzed, and its underlying mechanisms are explained. We consider the knowledge of the failure mechanisms of transparent conductive electrodes gained from the present study as a foundation for future design improvements.
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47
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Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030447. [PMID: 35159792 PMCID: PMC8839989 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dual use of potassium superoxide (KO2) to unzip multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cut graphene under hydrothermal conditions is described in this work. The KO2-assisted hydrothermal treatment was proven to be a high-yield method for forming graphene nanoribbons and dots or sub-micro-sized graphene nanosheets. Starting with functionalized MWCNTs, the method produces water-dispersible graphene nanoribbons with characteristic photoluminescence depending on their width. Using pristine graphene, the hydrothermal treatment with KO2 produces nanosized graphene sheets and graphene quantum dots with diameters of less than 10 nm. The latter showed a bright white photoluminescence. The effective hydrothermal unzipping of MWNTs and the cutting of large graphene nanosheets is a valuable top-down approach for the preparation of graphene nanoribbons and small nanographenes. Both products with limited dimensions have interesting applications in nanoelectronics and bionanotechnology.
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48
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Li X, Zhang F, Zhang L, Ji ZH, Zhao YM, Xu ZW, Wang Y, Hou PX, Tian M, Zhao HB, Jiang S, Ping LQ, Cheng HM, Liu C. Kinetics-Controlled Growth of Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes from CoRe x Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:232-240. [PMID: 34995440 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The controlled growth of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs) is very important for the fabrication of high-performance interconnecting wires, transparent conductive electrodes, light and conductive fibers, etc. However, it has been extremely difficult to synthesize m-SWCNTs due to their lower abundance and higher chemical reactivity than semiconducting SWCNTs (s-SWCNTs). Here, we report the kinetically controlled growth of m-SWCNTs by manipulating their binding energy with the catalyst and promoting their growth rate. We prepared CoRe4 nanoparticles with a hexagonal close-packed structure and an average size of ∼2.3 nm, which have a lower binding energy with m-SWCNTs than with s-SWCNTs. The selective growth of m-SWCNTs from the CoRe4 catalyst was achieved by using a low concentration of carbon source feed at a relative low temperature of 760 °C. The m-SWCNTs had a narrow diameter distribution of 1.1 ± 0.3 nm, and their content was over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hai Ji
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Min Tian
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Song Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Quan Ping
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMR), Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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49
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Zhang Z, Yan W, Chen Y, Chen S, Jia G, Sheng J, Zhu S, Xu Z, Zhang X, Li Y. Stable Doping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible Transparent Conductive Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1063-1071. [PMID: 34927412 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Possessing excellent electronic and mechanical properties and great stability, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are exceptionally attractive in fabricating flexible transparent conductive films. Doping is a key step to further enhance the conductivity of the SWCNT films and the reliable doping is highly needed. We developed a feasible strategy that uses solid acids such as phosphotungstic acid (PTA) to dope the SWCNT films stably relying on the nonvolatility of the dopants. The sheet resistance of the films was reduced to around a half of the original value meanwhile with no obvious change in transmittance. The doping effect maintained during a 700 days' observation. The excellent flexibility of the PTA-doped films was demonstrated by a bending test of 1000 cycles, during which the sheet resistance and transmittance was basically unaffected. The blue shifts of G band in the Raman spectra and the increase of work function measured by the Kelvin probe force microscopy both reveal the p-type doping of the films by PTA. The strong acidity of PTA plays a key role in the doping effect by increasing the redox potential of the ambient O2 and thus the Fermi level of the SWCNTs is brought down. The great feasibility and robustness of our doping strategy are desirable in the practical application of SWCNT-based flexible transparent conductive films. This strategy can be extended to the p-type doping of various CNT-based assemblies (such as sponges and forests) as well as other material families, expanding the application spectrum of polyacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyao Zhang
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
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50
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Lou TJ, Wang JQ, Wang W, Wang T, Qian PF, Bao ZL, Jing LC, Yuan XT, Geng HZ. Tannic Acid‐Modified Single‐Walled Carbon nanotube/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Thin Films for UV‐Visible Semitransparent Photodiode Type Photodetectors. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Lou
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Jing-Qi Wang
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Tao Wang
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Peng-Fei Qian
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Ze-Long Bao
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- TGU: Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Xiao-Tong Yuan
- Tiangong University … No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Tianjin CHINA
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tiangong University School of Material Science and Engineering No 399, Binshui West Rd., Xiqing Dist. 300387 Tianjin CHINA
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