1
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Pruccoli A, Zumbusch A. High Sensitivity Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy with Electronic Resonance Enhancement. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400309. [PMID: 38923336 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Raman microscopy is an important tool for labelfree microscopy. However, spontaneous Raman microscopy suffers from slow image acquisition rates and susceptibility to fluorescence background. Coherent Raman microsocopy techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, by contrast, offer fast imaging capability and robustness against sample fluorescence. Yet, their rather low sensitivity impedes their broader application. This review discusses sensitivity enhancement of SRS microscopy to μ ${\mu }$ M detection levels by using electronically pre-resonant excitation. We present the foundations of this approach, discuss its technological implementation, and show first successful applications. A special emphasis is given to outlining new experimental developments allowing novel types of investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pruccoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Chang SJ, Huang PC, Su JS, Hsieh YW, Quiroz Reyes CJ, Fan TH, Sun HS, Nguyem AP, Liu TI, Cheng HW, Lin CW, Hayashi M, Yong CK. Optically Tunable Many-Body Exciton-Phonon Quantum Interference. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404741. [PMID: 39206874 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel paradigm for achieving widely tunable many-body Fano quantum interference in low-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures, beyond the conventional requirement of closely matched energy levels between discrete and continuum states observed in atomic Fano systems. Leveraging Floquet engineering, the remarkable tunability of Fano lineshapes is demonstrated, even when the original discrete and continuum states are separated by over 1 eV. Specifically, by controlling the quantum pathways of discrete phonon Raman scattering using femtosecond laser pulses, the Raman intermediate states across the excitonic Floquet band are tuned. This manipulation yields continuous transitions of Fano lineshapes from antiresonance to dispersive and to symmetric Lorentzian profiles, accompanied by significant variations in Fano parameter q and Raman intensity spanning 2 orders of magnitude. A subtle shift in the excitonic Floquet resonance is further shown, achieved by controlling the intensity of the femtosecond laser, which profoundly modifies quantum interference strength from destructive to constructive interference. The study reveals the crucial roles of Floquet engineering in coherent light-matter interactions and opens up new avenues for coherent control of Fano quantum interference over a broad energy spectrum in low-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Chang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sian Su
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Jose Quiroz Reyes
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235603, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Fan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Phuong Nguyem
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Michitoshi Hayashi
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chaw-Keong Yong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Boudries R, Williams H, Paquereau-Gaboreau S, Bashir S, Hojjat Jodaylami M, Chisanga M, Trudeau LÉ, Masson JF. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensing and Imaging in Neuroscience. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22620-22647. [PMID: 39088751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring neurochemicals and imaging the molecular content of brain tissues in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo is essential for enhancing our understanding of neurochemistry and the causes of brain disorders. This review explores the potential applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors in neurosciences, where their adoption could lead to significant progress in the field. These applications encompass detecting neurotransmitters or brain disorders biomarkers in biofluids with SERS nanosensors, and imaging normal and pathological brain tissues with SERS labeling. Specific studies highlighting in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analysis of brain disorders using fit-for-purpose SERS nanosensors will be detailed, with an emphasis on the ability of SERS to detect clinically pertinent levels of neurochemicals. Recent advancements in designing SERS-active nanomaterials, improving experimentation in biofluids, and increasing the usage of machine learning for interpreting SERS spectra will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will address the tagging of tissues presenting pathologies with nanoparticles for SERS imaging, a burgeoning domain of neuroscience that has been demonstrated to be effective in guiding tumor removal during brain surgery. The review also explores future research applications for SERS nanosensors in neuroscience, including monitoring neurochemistry in vivo with greater penetration using surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman scattering (SESORS), near-infrared lasers, and 2-photon techniques. The article concludes by discussing the potential of SERS for investigating the effectiveness of therapies for brain disorders and for integrating conventional neurochemistry techniques with SERS sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Boudries
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hannah Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Soraya Paquereau-Gaboreau
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Saba Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Malama Chisanga
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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4
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Chrupková P, van Stokkum IHM, Friedrich T, Moldenhauer M, Budisa N, Tseng HW, Polívka T, Cherepanov DA, Maksimov EG, Kloz M. Raman Vibrational Signatures of Excited States of Echinenone in the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) and Implications for its Photoactivation Mechanism. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168625. [PMID: 38797429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the vibrational characteristics of optically excited echinenone in various solvents and the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) in red and orange states are systematically investigated through steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy techniques. Time-resolved experiments, employing both Transient Absorption (TA) and Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS), reveal different states in the OCP photoactivation process. The time-resolved studies indicate vibrational signatures of exited states positioned above the S1 state during the initial 140 fs of carotenoid evolution in OCP, an absence of a vibrational signature for the relaxed S1 state of echinenone in OCP, and more robust signatures of a highly excited ground state (GS) in OCP. Differences in S1 state vibration population signatures between OCP and solvents are attributed to distinct conformations of echinenone in OCP and hydrogen bonds at the keto group forming a short-lived intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. The vibrational dynamics of the hot GS in OCP show a more pronounced red shift of ground state CC vibration compared to echinenone in solvents, thus suggesting an unusually hot form of GS. The study proposes a hypothesis for the photoactivation mechanism of OCP, emphasizing the high level of vibrational excitation in longitudinal stretching modes as a driving force. In conclusion, the comparison of vibrational signatures reveals unique dynamics of energy dissipation in OCP, providing insights into the photoactivation mechanism and highlighting the impact of the protein environment on carotenoid behavior. The study underscores the importance of vibrational analysis in understanding the intricate processes involved in early phase OCP photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Chrupková
- The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI Beamlines Facility, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Moldenhauer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, 144 Dysart Rd, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hsueh-Wei Tseng
- University of Manitoba, Department of Chemistry, 144 Dysart Rd, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Moscow, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Vorobyovy Gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI Beamlines Facility, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.
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5
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Rambadey OV, Kumar K, Nain R, Kumar A, Sagdeo PR, Chamberlin PM, Adu KW. Shedding light on evolution of Raman line shape with probing laser power: Light-induced perturbation in electron-phonon coupling. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034202. [PMID: 39007380 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The laser power mediated changes in the Raman line shape have been considered in terms of interference between discrete phonon states ρ and the electronic continuum states ϰ contributed by Urbach tail states. The laser-induced effects are treated in terms of the increase in the surface temperature and thereby the scaling of electronic disorder, i.e., Urbach energy, which can further contribute to the electron-phonon interactions. Therefore, the visualization of this effect is attempted analytically as a perturbation term in the Hamiltonian, which clearly accounts for the observed changes with laser power. This has been investigated based on the experimental results of laser power dependent Raman spectra of bulk EuFeO3 and silicon nanowires, which are found to provide convincing interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar V Rambadey
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Kailash Kumar
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Ritu Nain
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Pankaj R Sagdeo
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Philip M Chamberlin
- Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College, Altoona, Pennsylvania 16601, USA
| | - Kofi W Adu
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College, Altoona, Pennsylvania 16601, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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6
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Min W, Gao X. The Duality of Raman Scattering. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1896-1905. [PMID: 38916989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusFirst predicted more than 100 years ago, Raman scattering is a cornerstone of photonics, spectroscopy, and imaging. The conventional framework of understanding Raman scattering was built on Raman cross section σRaman. Carrying a dimension of area, σRaman characterizes the interaction strength between light and molecules during inelastic scattering. The numerical values of σRaman turn out to be many orders of magnitude smaller in comparison to the linear absorption cross sections σAbsorption of similar molecular systems. Such an enormous gap has been the reason for researchers to believe the extremely feeble Raman scattering ever since its discovery. However, this prevailing picture is conceptually problematic or at least incomplete due to the fact that Raman scattering and linear absorption belong to different orders of light-matter interaction.In this Account, we will summarize an alternate way to think about Raman scattering, which we term stimulated response formulation. To capture the third-order interaction nature of Raman scattering, we introduced stimulated Raman cross section, σSRS, defined as the intrinsic molecular property in response to the external photon fluxes. Foremost, experimental measurement of σSRS turns out to be not weak at all or even larger when fairly compared with electronic counterparts of the same order. The analytical expression for σSRS derived from quantum electrodynamics also supports the measurement and proves that σSRS is intrinsically strong. Hence, σRaman and σSRS can be extremely small and large, respectively, for the same molecule at the same time. Our subsequent theoretical studies show that stimulated response formulation can unify spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, spontaneous Raman, and stimulated Raman via eq 10, in a coherent and symmetric way. In particular, an Einstein-coefficient-like equation, eq 12a, was derived, showing that σRaman can be explicitly expressed as σSRS multiplied by an effective photon flux arising from zero-point fluctuation of the vacuum. The feeble vacuum fluctuation hence explains how σSRS can be intrinsically strong while, at the same time, σRaman ends up being many orders of magnitude smaller when both compared to the electronic counterparts. These two sides of the same coin prompted us to propose "the duality of Raman scattering" (Table 1). Finally, this formulation naturally leads to a quantitative treatment of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, providing an intuitive, molecule-centric explanation as to how SRS microscopy can outperform regular Raman microscopy. Hence, as unveiled by the new formulation, a duality of Raman scattering has emerged, with implications for both fundamental science and practical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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7
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Klement WJN, Savino E, Browne WR, Verpoorte E. In-line Raman imaging of mixing by herringbone grooves in microfluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3498-3507. [PMID: 38920114 PMCID: PMC11235414 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The control over fluid flow achievable in microfluidic devices creates opportunities for applications in many fields. In simple microchannels, flow is purely laminar when one solvent is used, and hence, achieving reliable mixing is an important design consideration. Integration of structures, such as grooves, into the channels to act as static mixers is a commonly used approach. The mixing induced by these structures can be validated by determining concentration profiles in microfluidic channels following convergence of solvent streams from separate inlets. Spatially resolved characterisation is therefore necessary and requires in-line analysis methods. Here we report a line-focused illumination approach to provide operando, spatially resolved Raman spectra across the width of channels in the analysis of single- and multi-phase liquid systems and chemical reactions. A scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) sensor is used to overcome smearing encountered during spectral readout of images with CCD sensors. Isotopically labelled probes, in otherwise identical flow streams, show that z-confocality limits the spatial resolution and certainty as to the extent of mixing that can be achieved. These limitations are overcome using fast chemical reactions between reagents entering a microchannel in separate solvent streams. We show here that the progression of a chemical reaction, for which only the product is observable, is a powerful approach to determine the extent of mixing in a microchannel. Specifically resonance enhancement of Raman scattering from a product formed allows for determination of the true efficiency of mixing over the length and width of microchannels. Raman spectral images obtained by line-focused illumination show onset of mixing by observing the product of reagents entering from the separate inlets. Mixing is initially off-centre and immediately before the apex of the first groove of the static mixer, and then evolves along the entire width of the channel after a full cycle of grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Niels Klement
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elia Savino
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Hanninen A. Vibrational imaging of metabolites for improved microbial cell strains. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S22711. [PMID: 38952688 PMCID: PMC11216725 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Significance Biomanufacturing utilizes modified microbial systems to sustainably produce commercially important biomolecules for use in agricultural, energy, food, material, and pharmaceutical industries. However, technological challenges related to non-destructive and high-throughput metabolite screening need to be addressed to fully unlock the potential of synthetic biology and sustainable biomanufacturing. Aim This perspective outlines current analytical screening tools used in industrial cell strain development programs and introduces label-free vibrational spectro-microscopy as an alternative contrast mechanism. Approach We provide an overview of the analytical instrumentation currently used in the "test" portion of the design, build, test, and learn cycle of synthetic biology. We then highlight recent progress in Raman scattering and infrared absorption imaging techniques, which have enabled improved molecular specificity and sensitivity. Results Recent developments in high-resolution chemical imaging methods allow for greater throughput without compromising the image contrast. We provide a roadmap of future work needed to support integration with microfluidics for rapid screening at the single-cell level. Conclusions Quantifying the net expression of metabolites allows for the identification of cells with metabolic pathways that result in increased biomolecule production, which is essential for improving the yield and reducing the cost of industrial biomanufacturing. Technological advancements in vibrational microscopy instrumentation will greatly benefit biofoundries as a complementary approach for non-destructive cell screening.
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9
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Naumova M, Paveliuc G, Biednov M, Kubicek K, Kalinko A, Meng J, Liang M, Rahaman A, Abdellah M, Checchia S, Alves Lima F, Zalden P, Gawelda W, Bressler C, Geng H, Lin W, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Pan Q, Akter M, Kong Q, Retegan M, Gosztola DJ, Pápai M, Khakhulin D, Lawson Daku M, Zheng K, Canton SE. Nonadiabatic Charge Transfer within Photoexcited Nickel Porphyrins. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3627-3638. [PMID: 38530393 PMCID: PMC11000243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins with open d-shell ions can drive biochemical energy cycles. However, their utilization in photoconversion is hampered by rapid deactivation. Mapping the relaxation pathways is essential for elaborating strategies that can favorably alter the charge dynamics through chemical design and photoexcitation conditions. Here, we combine transient optical absorption spectroscopy and transient X-ray emission spectroscopy with femtosecond resolution to probe directly the coupled electronic and spin dynamics within a photoexcited nickel porphyrin in solution. Measurements and calculations reveal that a state with charge-transfer character mediates the formation of the thermalized excited state, thereby advancing the description of the photocycle for this important representative molecule. More generally, establishing that intramolecular charge-transfer steps play a role in the photoinduced dynamics of metalloporphyrins with open d-shell sets a conceptual ground for their development as building blocks capable of boosting nonadiabatic photoconversion in functional architectures through "hot" charge transfer down to the attosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
A. Naumova
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gheorghe Paveliuc
- Département
de Chimie Physique, Université de
Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina Kubicek
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University
of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich
Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jie Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mingli Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ahibur Rahaman
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South
Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Stefano Checchia
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Peter Zalden
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Calle
Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Christian Bressler
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The
Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University
of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich
Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Huifang Geng
- Department
of Physics, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Weihua Lin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yan Liu
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Qinying Pan
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marufa Akter
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des
Merisiers, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Marius Retegan
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - David J. Gosztola
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Center for Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary
| | | | - Max Lawson Daku
- Département
de Chimie Physique, Université de
Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie E. Canton
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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10
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Yang Y, Bai X, Hu F. Photoswitchable polyynes for multiplexed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with reversible light control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2578. [PMID: 38519503 PMCID: PMC10959996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging with photo-controllable probes has greatly advanced biological research. With superb chemical specificity of vibrational spectroscopy, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is particularly promising for super-multiplexed optical imaging with rich chemical information. Functional SRS imaging in response to light has been recently demonstrated, but multiplexed SRS imaging with reversible photocontrol remains unaccomplished. Here, we create a multiplexing palette of photoswitchable polyynes with 16 Raman frequencies by coupling asymmetric diarylethene with super-multiplexed Carbow (Carbow-switch). Through optimization of both electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, Carbow-switch displays excellent photoswitching properties under visible light control and SRS response with large frequency change and signal enhancement. Reversible and spatial-selective multiplexed SRS imaging of different organelles are demonstrated in living cells. We further achieve photo-selective time-lapse imaging of organelle dynamics during oxidative stress and protein phase separation. The development of Carbow-switch for photoswitchable SRS microscopy will open up new avenues to study complex interactions and dynamics in living cells with high spatiotemporal precision and multiplexing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Yang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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11
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Yu Q, Yao Z, Zhou J, Yu W, Zhuang C, Qi Y, Xiong H. Transient stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy and imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:70. [PMID: 38453917 PMCID: PMC10920877 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) has been developed as an essential quantitative contrast for chemical imaging in recent years. However, while spectral lines near the natural linewidth limit can be routinely achieved by state-of-the-art spontaneous Raman microscopes, spectral broadening is inevitable for current mainstream SRS imaging methods. This is because those SRS signals are all measured in the frequency domain. There is a compromise between sensitivity and spectral resolution: as the nonlinear process benefits from pulsed excitations, the fundamental time-energy uncertainty limits the spectral resolution. Besides, the spectral range and acquisition speed are mutually restricted. Here we report transient stimulated Raman scattering (T-SRS), an alternative time-domain strategy that bypasses all these fundamental conjugations. T-SRS is achieved by quantum coherence manipulation: we encode the vibrational oscillations in the stimulated Raman loss (SRL) signal by femtosecond pulse-pair sequence excited vibrational wave packet interference. The Raman spectrum was then achieved by Fourier transform of the time-domain SRL signal. Since all Raman modes are impulsively and simultaneously excited, T-SRS features the natural-linewidth-limit spectral line shapes, laser-bandwidth-determined spectral range, and improved sensitivity. With ~150-fs laser pulses, we boost the sensitivity of typical Raman modes to the sub-mM level. With all-plane-mirror high-speed time-delay scanning, we further demonstrated hyperspectral SRS imaging of live-cell metabolism and high-density multiplexed imaging with the natural-linewidth-limit spectral resolution. T-SRS shall find valuable applications for advanced Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Yu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengjian Yao
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chenjie Zhuang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yafeng Qi
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hanqing Xiong
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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12
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Allakhverdiev ES, Kossalbayev BD, Sadvakasova AK, Bauenova MO, Belkozhayev AM, Rodnenkov OV, Martynyuk TV, Maksimov GV, Allakhverdiev SI. Spectral insights: Navigating the frontiers of biomedical and microbiological exploration with Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112870. [PMID: 38368635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS), a powerful analytical technique, has gained increasing recognition and utility in the fields of biomedical and biological research. Raman spectroscopic analyses find extensive application in the field of medicine and are employed for intricate research endeavors and diagnostic purposes. Consequently, it enjoys broad utilization within the realm of biological research, facilitating the identification of cellular classifications, metabolite profiling within the cellular milieu, and the assessment of pigment constituents within microalgae. This article also explores the multifaceted role of RS in these domains, highlighting its distinct advantages, acknowledging its limitations, and proposing strategies for enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S Allakhverdiev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Bekzhan D Kossalbayev
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308 Tianjin, China; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan
| | - Asemgul K Sadvakasova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert O Bauenova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaz M Belkozhayev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleg V Rodnenkov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Tamila V Martynyuk
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Georgy V Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Qiang Y, Sun K, Palacino-González E, Shen K, Rao BJ, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Probing avoided crossings and conical intersections by two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy: Theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054107. [PMID: 38341700 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study leverages two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (2FSRS) to characterize molecular systems with avoided crossings (ACs) and conical intersections (CIs) in their low-lying excited electronic states. By simulating 2FSRS spectra of microscopically inspired ACs and CIs models, we demonstrate that 2FSRS not only delivers valuable information on the molecular parameters characterizing ACs and CIs but also helps distinguish between these two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Qiang
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Elisa Palacino-González
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaijun Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - B Jayachander Rao
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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14
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Lynch P, Das A, Alam S, Rich CC, Frontiera RR. Mastering Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy: A Practical Guide. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:1-18. [PMID: 38283786 PMCID: PMC10811773 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a powerful nonlinear spectroscopic technique that probes changes in molecular and material structure with high temporal and spectral resolution. With proper spectral interpretation, this is equivalent to mapping out reactive pathways on highly anharmonic excited-state potential energy surfaces with femtosecond to picosecond time resolution. FSRS has been used to examine structural dynamics in a wide range of samples, including photoactive proteins, photovoltaic materials, plasmonic nanostructures, polymers, and a range of others, with experiments performed in multiple groups around the world. As the FSRS technique grows in popularity and is increasingly implemented in user facilities, there is a need for a widespread understanding of the methodology and best practices. In this review, we present a practical guide to FSRS, including discussions of instrumentation, as well as data acquisition and analysis. First, we describe common methods of generating the three pulses required for FSRS: the probe, Raman pump, and actinic pump, including a discussion of the parameters to consider when selecting a beam generation method. We then outline approaches for effective and efficient FSRS data acquisition. We discuss common data analysis techniques for FSRS, as well as more advanced analyses aimed at extracting small signals on a large background. We conclude with a discussion of some of the new directions for FSRS research, including spectromicroscopy. Overall, this review provides researchers with a practical handbook for FSRS as a technique with the aim of encouraging many scientists and engineers to use it in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline
G. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aritra Das
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shahzad Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher C. Rich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Qian N, Gao X, Lang X, Deng H, Bratu TM, Chen Q, Stapleton P, Yan B, Min W. Rapid single-particle chemical imaging of nanoplastics by SRS microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2300582121. [PMID: 38190543 PMCID: PMC10801917 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300582121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are now omnipresent in our daily lives. The existence of microplastics (1 µm to 5 mm in length) and possibly even nanoplastics (<1 μm) has recently raised health concerns. In particular, nanoplastics are believed to be more toxic since their smaller size renders them much more amenable, compared to microplastics, to enter the human body. However, detecting nanoplastics imposes tremendous analytical challenges on both the nano-level sensitivity and the plastic-identifying specificity, leading to a knowledge gap in this mysterious nanoworld surrounding us. To address these challenges, we developed a hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging platform with an automated plastic identification algorithm that allows micro-nano plastic analysis at the single-particle level with high chemical specificity and throughput. We first validated the sensitivity enhancement of the narrow band of SRS to enable high-speed single nanoplastic detection below 100 nm. We then devised a data-driven spectral matching algorithm to address spectral identification challenges imposed by sensitive narrow-band hyperspectral imaging and achieve robust determination of common plastic polymers. With the established technique, we studied the micro-nano plastics from bottled water as a model system. We successfully detected and identified nanoplastics from major plastic types. Micro-nano plastics concentrations were estimated to be about 2.4 ± 1.3 × 105 particles per liter of bottled water, about 90% of which are nanoplastics. This is orders of magnitude more than the microplastic abundance reported previously in bottled water. High-throughput single-particle counting revealed extraordinary particle heterogeneity and nonorthogonality between plastic composition and morphologies; the resulting multidimensional profiling sheds light on the science of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Xiaoqi Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Huiping Deng
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | | | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY10032
| | - Phoebe Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ08854
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
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16
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Zhu H, Chen B, Yakovlev VV, Zhang D. Time-resolved vibrational dynamics: Novel opportunities for sensing and imaging. Talanta 2024; 266:125046. [PMID: 37595525 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of time-resolved spectroscopies has resulted in significant advancements across numerous scientific disciplines, particularly those concerned with molecular electronic states. However, the intricacy of molecular vibrational spectroscopies, which provide comprehensive molecular-level information within complex structures, has presented considerable challenges due to the ultrashort dephasing time. Over recent decades, an increasing focus has been placed on exploring the temporal progression of bond vibrations, thereby facilitating an improved understanding of energy redistribution within and between molecules. This review article focuses on an array of time-resolved detection methodologies, each distinguished by unique technological attributes that offer exclusive capabilities for investigating the physical phenomena propelled by molecular vibrational dynamics. In summary, time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy emerges as a potent instrument for deciphering the dynamic behavior of molecules. Its potential for driving future progress across fields as diverse as biology and materials science is substantial, marking a promising future for this innovative tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China.
| | - Vladislav V Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Delong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China.
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17
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Min W, Gao X. Raman scattering and vacuum fluctuation: An Einstein-coefficient-like equation for Raman cross sections. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194103. [PMID: 37965998 PMCID: PMC10653873 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since it was first predicted 100 years ago, Raman scattering has been a cornerstone of molecular spectroscopy with a widespread impact on science and technology. Nearly all theoretical frameworks have employed Raman cross sections (σRaman) to characterize and quantify molecular Raman response. The recently introduced absolute stimulated Raman scattering cross section (σSRS), on the other hand, provides an alternative way of interpreting molecular responses under two coherent laser sources. However, the theoretical connection between σRaman and σSRS remains unclear. Herein, we are inspired by Einstein's A and B coefficients for spontaneous and stimulated emissions and derived an analogous equation [Eq. (16)] for Raman scattering from an approach along quantum electrodynamics. Equation (16) decomposes Raman cross sections into a contribution from the vacuum electromagnetic field and an underlying molecular response captured by stimulated Raman cross sections (in the unit of Göppert-Mayer). This theoretical relation is supported by recent experimental measurements on methanol as a model compound. Foremost, it provides a connection between experimentally defined σRaman and σSRS under certain approximations. In addition, it quantitatively shows that it is the weak vacuum field of the Stokes channel that makes Raman cross sections appear so small, corroborating the conventional Raman theory. Moreover, it suggests stimulated Raman cross sections to be a vacuum-decoupled intrinsic quantity for characterizing molecular response during Raman scattering. Remarkably, stimulated Raman cross sections turn out to be not weak when compared to two-photon absorption, narrowing the conventional gap of cross sections between spontaneous Raman and UV-vis absorption by more than 1010 folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Li M, Liu H, Kang C, Yu X. Strategies and Progress of Raman Technologies for Cellular Uptake Analysis of the Drug Delivery Systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6883-6900. [PMID: 38026519 PMCID: PMC10674749 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems have the potential to significantly enhance the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs. These systems enhance the bioavailability and biocompatibility of pharmaceutical agents via enabling targeted delivery to specific tissues or organs. However, the efficacy and safety of these systems are largely dependent on the cellular uptake and intracellular transport of NPs. Thus, it is crucial to monitor the intracellular behavior of NPs within a single cell. Yet, it is challenging due to the complexity and size of the cell. Recently, the development of the Raman instrumentation offers a versatile tool to allow noninvasive cellular measurements. The primary objective of this review is to highlight the most recent advancements in Raman techniques (spontaneous Raman scattering, bioorthogonal Raman scattering, coherence Raman scattering, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering) when it comes to assessing the internalization of NP-based drug delivery systems and their subsequent movement within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haisha Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Semak BV, Beltukov YM, Vasyutinskii OS. Probe Beam Dichroism and Birefringence in Stimulated Raman Scattering in Polyatomic Molecules. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300405. [PMID: 37622518 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Dichroism and birefringence in Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in polyatomic molecules were studied theoretically. General expressions describing the change of the polarization matrix of the probe laser beam transmitted through initially isotropic molecular sample excited by the pump laser beam have been derived. Arbitrary polarization states and propagation directions of the incoming pump and probe beams were considered. The expressions were written in terms of spherical tensor operators that allowed for separation of the field polarization tensor and the molecular part containing three scalar values of nonlinear optical susceptibilityχ K p u 3 ${{\chi }_{{K}_{pu}}^{\left(3\right)}}$ withK p u ${{K}_{pu}}$ =0,1,2. The geometry of almost collinear propagation of the pump and probe beams through the molecular sample was considered in greater details. It was shown that the dichroism and birefringence refer to the nonlinear optical susceptibility elementχ 2 3 ${{\chi }_{2}^{\left(3\right)}}$ and that their contributions to the SRS signal can be separated experimentally by using an appropriate probe beam polarization analyzer installed in front of the photodetector. Particular cases of the off-resonant SRS and resonant SRS have been considered. The results obtained were expressed in terms of the Stokes polarization parameters of the pump and probe beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan V Semak
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polytekhnicheskaya Saint Petersburg, 26, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yaroslav M Beltukov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polytekhnicheskaya Saint Petersburg, 26, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg S Vasyutinskii
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polytekhnicheskaya Saint Petersburg, 26, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Shirmohammad M, Short MA, Zeng H. Collision Enhanced Raman Scattering (CERS): An Ultra-High Efficient Raman Enhancement Technique for Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Raman Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:979. [PMID: 37998154 PMCID: PMC10669419 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Raman enhancement techniques are essential for gas analysis to increase the detection sensitivity of a Raman spectroscopy system. We have developed an efficient Raman enhancement technique called the collision-enhanced Raman scattering (CERS), where the active Raman gas as the analyte is mixed with a buffer gas inside the hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (HCPCF) of a fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) system. This results in an enhanced Raman signal from the analyte gas. In this study, we first showed that the intensity of the 587 cm-1 stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) peak of H2 confined in an HCPCF is enhanced by as much as five orders of magnitude by mixing with a buffer gas such as helium or N2. Secondly, we showed that the magnitudes of Raman enhancement depend on the type of buffer gas, with helium being more efficient compared to N2. This makes helium a favorable buffer gas for CERS. Thirdly, we applied CERS for Raman measurements of propene, a metabolically interesting volatile organic compound (VOC) with an association to lung cancer. CERS resulted in a substantial enhancement of propene Raman peaks. In conclusion, the CERS we developed is a simple and efficient Raman-enhancing mechanism for improving gas analysis. It has great potential for application in breath analysis for lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shirmohammad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Michael A. Short
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
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21
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Stummer V, Flöry T, Schneller M, Kaksis E, Zeiler M, Pugžlys A, Baltuška A. Spectral peak recovery in parametrically amplified THz-repetition-rate bursts. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37040-37049. [PMID: 38017841 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Multi-photon resonant spectroscopies require tunable narrowband excitation to deliver spectral selectivity and, simultaneously, high temporal intensity to drive a nonlinear-optical process. These contradictory requirements are achievable with bursts of ultrashort pulses, which provides both high intensity and tunable narrowband peaks in the frequency domain arising from spectral interference. However, femtosecond pulse bursts need special attention during their amplification [Optica7, 1758 (2020)10.1364/OPTICA.403184], which requires spectral peak suppression to increase the energy safely extractable from a chirped-pulse amplifier (CPA). Here, we present a method combining safe laser CPA, relying on spectral scrambling, with a parametric frequency converter that automatically restores the desired spectral peak structure and delivers narrow linewidths for bursts of ultrashort pulses at microjoule energies. The shown results pave the way to new high-energy ultrafast laser sources with controllable spectral selectivity.
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22
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Shirmohammad M, Short MA, Zeng H. A New Gas Analysis Method Based on Single-Beam Excitation Stimulated Raman Scattering in Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1161. [PMID: 37892891 PMCID: PMC10604339 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously developed a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) based Raman scattering enhancement technique for gas/human breath analysis. It enhances photon-gas molecule interactions significantly but is still based on CW laser excitation spontaneous Raman scattering, which is a low-probability phenomenon. In this work, we explored nanosecond/sub-nanosecond pulsed laser excitation in HCPCF based fiber enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) and successfully induced stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) enhancement. Raman measurements of simple and complex gases were performed using the new system to assess its feasibility for gas analysis. We studied the gas Raman scattering characteristics, the relationship between Raman intensities and pump energies, and the energy threshold for the transition from spontaneous Raman scattering to SRS. H2, CO2, and propene (C3H6) were used as test gases. Our results demonstrated that a single-beam pulsed pump combined with FERS provides an effective Raman enhancement technique for gas analysis. Furthermore, an energy threshold for SRS initiation was experimentally observed. The SRS-capable FERS system, utilizing a single-beam pulsed pump, shows great potential for analyzing complex gases such as propene, which is a volatile organic compound (VOC) gas, serving as a biomarker in human breath for lung cancer and other human diseases. This work contributes to the advancement of gas analysis and opens alternative avenues for exploring novel Raman enhancement techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shirmohammad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Michael A. Short
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
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23
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Srivastava P, Stierwalt DA, Elles CG. Broadband Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy with Stimulated Raman Scattering as an Internal Standard. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13227-13234. [PMID: 37603818 PMCID: PMC10484208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy provides valuable information about the nonlinear properties of molecules. In contrast with single-wavelength methods, broadband 2PA spectroscopy using a pump-probe approach gives a continuous 2PA spectrum across a wide range of transition energies without tuning the excitation laser. This contribution shows how stimulated Raman scattering from the solvent can be used as a convenient and robust internal standard for obtaining accurate absolute 2PA cross sections using the broadband approach. Stimulated Raman scattering has the same pump-probe overlap dependence as 2PA, thus eliminating the need to measure the intensity-dependent overlap of the pump and probe directly. Eliminating the overlap represents an important improvement because intensity profiles are typically the largest source of uncertainty in the measurement of absolute 2PA cross sections using any method. Raman scattering cross sections are a fundamental property of the solvent and therefore provide a universal standard that can be applied any time the 2PA and Raman signals are present within the same probe wavelength range. We demonstrate this approach using sample solutions of coumarin 153 in methanol, DMSO, and toluene, as well as fluorescein in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - David A. Stierwalt
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G. Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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24
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Zhang C. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy of lipid droplets in cells and tissues. JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY : JRS 2023; 54:988-1000. [PMID: 38076450 PMCID: PMC10707480 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) play a key role as the hub for lipid metabolism to maintain cellular metabolic homeostasis. Understanding the functions and changes of LDs in different pathological conditions is crucial for identifying new markers for diagnosis and discovering new targets for treatment. In recent years, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy has been popularized for the imaging and quantification of LDs in live cells. Compared to spontaneous Raman scattering microscopy, CRS microscopy offers a much higher imaging speed while maintaining similar chemical information. Due to the high lipid density, LDs usually have strong CRS signals and therefore are the most widely studied organelle in the CRS field. In this review, we discuss recent achievements using CRS to study the quantity, distribution, composition, and dynamics of LDs in various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue Institute of Inflammation Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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25
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Cutshaw G, Uthaman S, Hassan N, Kothadiya S, Wen X, Bardhan R. The Emerging Role of Raman Spectroscopy as an Omics Approach for Metabolic Profiling and Biomarker Detection toward Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:8297-8346. [PMID: 37318957 PMCID: PMC10626597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Omics technologies have rapidly evolved with the unprecedented potential to shape precision medicine. Novel omics approaches are imperative toallow rapid and accurate data collection and integration with clinical information and enable a new era of healthcare. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the utility of Raman spectroscopy (RS) as an emerging omics technology for clinically relevant applications using clinically significant samples and models. We discuss the use of RS both as a label-free approach for probing the intrinsic metabolites of biological materials, and as a labeled approach where signal from Raman reporters conjugated to nanoparticles (NPs) serve as an indirect measure for tracking protein biomarkers in vivo and for high throughout proteomics. We summarize the use of machine learning algorithms for processing RS data to allow accurate detection and evaluation of treatment response specifically focusing on cancer, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the integration of RS with established omics approaches for holistic diagnostic information. Further, we elaborate on metal-free NPs that leverage the biological Raman-silent region overcoming the challenges of traditional metal NPs. We conclude the review with an outlook on future directions that will ultimately allow the adaptation of RS as a clinical approach and revolutionize precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cutshaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Nora Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Siddhant Kothadiya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Biologics Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
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26
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Wu L, Tang X, Wu T, Zeng W, Zhu X, Hu B, Zhang S. A review on current progress of Raman-based techniques in food safety: From normal Raman spectroscopy to SESORS. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112944. [PMID: 37254368 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Frequently occurrence of food safety incidents has induced global concern over food safety. To ensure food quality and safety, an increasing number of rapid and sensitive analytical methods have been developed for analysis of all kinds of food composition and contaminants. As one of the high-profile analytical techniques, Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied in food analysis with simple, rapid, sensitive, and nondestructive detection performance. Research on Raman techniques is a direction of great interest to many fields, especially in food safety. Hence, it is crucial to gain insight into recent advances on the use of Raman-based techniques in food safety applications. In this review, we introduce Raman techniques from normal Raman spectroscopy to developed ones (e.g., surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SESORS)), in view of their history and development, principles, design, and applications. In addition, future challenges and trends of these techniques are discussed regarding to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China.
| | - Xuemei Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Sihang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
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27
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Tang M, Han Y, Jia D, Yang Q, Cheng JX. Far-field super-resolution chemical microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 37277396 PMCID: PMC10240140 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-field chemical microscopy providing molecular electronic or vibrational fingerprint information opens a new window for the study of three-dimensional biological, material, and chemical systems. Chemical microscopy provides a nondestructive way of chemical identification without exterior labels. However, the diffraction limit of optics hindered it from discovering more details under the resolution limit. Recent development of super-resolution techniques gives enlightenment to open this door behind far-field chemical microscopy. Here, we review recent advances that have pushed the boundary of far-field chemical microscopy in terms of spatial resolution. We further highlight applications in biomedical research, material characterization, environmental study, cultural heritage conservation, and integrated chip inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yubing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Danchen Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA.
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28
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Kong Y, Ao J, Chen Q, Su W, Zhao Y, Fei Y, Ma J, Ji M, Mi L. Evaluating Differentiation Status of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Label-Free Microscopy System and Machine Learning. Cells 2023; 12:1524. [PMID: 37296645 PMCID: PMC10252613 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in tissue engineering, as their differentiation status directly affects the quality of the final cultured tissue, which is critical to the success of transplantation therapy. Furthermore, the precise control of MSC differentiation is essential for stem cell therapy in clinical settings, as low-purity stem cells can lead to tumorigenic problems. Therefore, to address the heterogeneity of MSCs during their differentiation into adipogenic or osteogenic lineages, numerous label-free microscopic images were acquired using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and an automated evaluation model for the differentiation status of MSCs was built based on the K-means machine learning algorithm. The model is capable of highly sensitive analysis of individual cell differentiation status, so it has great potential for stem cell differentiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.K.); (Q.C.); (W.S.); (Y.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Jianpeng Ao
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Qiushu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.K.); (Q.C.); (W.S.); (Y.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Wenhua Su
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.K.); (Q.C.); (W.S.); (Y.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Yinping Zhao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.K.); (Q.C.); (W.S.); (Y.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.K.); (Q.C.); (W.S.); (Y.F.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, The Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems (MRICS), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.K.); (Q.C.); (W.S.); (Y.F.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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29
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Clark MG, Ma S, Mahapatra S, Mohn KJ, Zhang C. Chemical-imaging-guided optical manipulation of biomolecules. Front Chem 2023; 11:1198670. [PMID: 37214479 PMCID: PMC10196011 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1198670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical imaging via advanced optical microscopy technologies has revealed remarkable details of biomolecules in living specimens. However, the ways to control chemical processes in biological samples remain preliminary. The lack of appropriate methods to spatially regulate chemical reactions in live cells in real-time prevents investigation of site-specific molecular behaviors and biological functions. Chemical- and site-specific control of biomolecules requires the detection of chemicals with high specificity and spatially precise modulation of chemical reactions. Laser-scanning optical microscopes offer great platforms for high-speed chemical detection. A closed-loop feedback control system, when paired with a laser scanning microscope, allows real-time precision opto-control (RPOC) of chemical processes for dynamic molecular targets in live cells. In this perspective, we briefly review recent advancements in chemical imaging based on laser scanning microscopy, summarize methods developed for precise optical manipulation, and highlight a recently developed RPOC technology. Furthermore, we discuss future directions of precision opto-control of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seohee Ma
- Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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30
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Wang H, Lee D, Wei L. Toward the Next Frontiers of Vibrational Bioimaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:3-17. [PMID: 37122829 PMCID: PMC10131268 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical imaging based on vibrational contrasts can extract molecular information entangled in complex biological systems. To this end, nonlinear Raman scattering microscopy, mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force-detected photothermal microscopies are emerging with better chemical sensitivity, molecular specificity, and spatial resolution than conventional vibrational methods. Their utilization in bioimaging applications has provided biological knowledge in unprecedented detail. This Perspective outlines key methodological developments, bioimaging applications, and recent technical innovations of the three techniques. Representative biological demonstrations are also highlighted to exemplify the unique advantages of obtaining vibrational contrasts. With years of effort, these three methods compose an expanding vibrational bioimaging toolbox to tackle specific bioimaging needs, benefiting many biological investigations with rich information in both label-free and labeling manners. Each technique will be discussed and compared in the outlook, leading to possible future directions to accommodate growing needs in vibrational bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dongkwan Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lu Wei
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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31
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Fernández-Galiana Á, Bibikova O, Vilms Pedersen S, Stevens MM. Fundamentals and Applications of Raman-Based Techniques for the Design and Development of Active Biomedical Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2210807. [PMID: 37001970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method based on light-matter interactions that can interrogate the vibrational modes of matter and provide representative molecular fingerprints. Mediated by its label-free, non-invasive nature, and high molecular specificity, Raman-based techniques have become ubiquitous tools for in situ characterization of materials. This review comprehensively describes the theoretical and practical background of Raman spectroscopy and its advanced variants. The numerous facets of material characterization that Raman scattering can reveal, including biomolecular identification, solid-to-solid phase transitions, and spatial mapping of biomolecular species in bioactive materials, are highlighted. The review illustrates the potential of these techniques in the context of active biomedical material design and development by highlighting representative studies from the literature. These studies cover the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of both natural and synthetic biomaterials, including engineered tissue constructs, biopolymer systems, ceramics, and nanoparticle formulations, among others. To increase the accessibility and adoption of these techniques, the present review also provides the reader with practical recommendations on the integration of Raman techniques into the experimental laboratory toolbox. Finally, perspectives on how recent developments in plasmon- and coherently-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can propel Raman from underutilized to critical for biomaterial development are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Galiana
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Olga Bibikova
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Simon Vilms Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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32
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Pernice P, Sirleto L, Rossi M, Iodice M, Vergara A, Di Girolamo R, Luciani G, Imparato C, Aronne A. Tunable Raman Gain in Transparent Nanostructured Glass-Ceramic Based on Ba 2NaNb 5O 15 †. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1168. [PMID: 37049262 PMCID: PMC10097038 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering in transparent glass-ceramics (TGCs) based on bulk nucleating phase Ba2NaNb5O15 were investigated with the aim to explore the influence of micro- and nanoscale structural transformations on Raman gain. Nanostructured TGCs were synthesized, starting with 8BaO·15Na2O·27Nb2O5·50SiO2 (BaNaNS) glass, by proper nucleation and crystallization heat treatments. TGCs are composed of nanocrystals that are 10-15 nm in size, uniformly distributed in the residual glass matrix, with a crystallinity degree ranging from 30 up to 50% for samples subjected to different heat treatments. A significant Raman gain improvement for both BaNaNS glass and TGCs with respect to SiO2 glass is demonstrated, which can be clearly related to the nanostructuring process. These findings show that the nonlinear optical functionalities of TGC materials can be modulated by controlling the structural transformations at the nanoscale rather than microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pernice
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Sirleto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M. S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Via Amendola 122/o, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Iodice
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Luciani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Imparato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Aronne
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
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33
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Rai M, Deeg WE, Lu B, Brandmier K, Miller AM, Torchinsky DH. An oscillator-driven, time-resolved optical pump/NIR supercontinuum probe spectrometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:570-573. [PMID: 36723533 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel, to the best of knowledge, time-resolved, optical pump/NIR supercontinuum probe spectrometer suitable for oscillators. A NIR supercontinuum probe spectrum (850-1250 nm) is generated in a photonic crystal fiber, dispersed across a digital micromirror device (DMD), and then raster scanned into a single element detector at a 5 Hz rate. Dual modulation of pump and probe beams at disparate frequencies permits simultaneous measurement of both the bare reflectance R and its photoinduced change ΔR through lock-in detection, allowing for continuously self-normalized measurement of ΔR/R. Example data are presented on a germanium wafer sample that demonstrate for signals of order ΔR/R ∼ 10-3, a 2.87 nm spectral resolution and ≲400 fs temporal resolution pre-recompression, and comparable sensitivity to standard time-resolved, amplifier-based pump-probe techniques.
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Leighton RE, Alperstein AM, Punihaole D, Silva WR, Frontiera RR. Stimulated Raman versus Inverse Raman: Investigating Depletion Mechanisms for Super-Resolution Raman Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:26-36. [PMID: 36576851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has been critical in elucidating the nanoscale structure of biological systems. However, fluorescent labels bring difficulties such as perturbative labeling steps and photobleaching. Thus, label-free super-resolution techniques are of great interest, like our group's 2016 stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) technique, stimulated Raman depletion microscopy (SRDM). Inspired by stimulated emission depletion microscopy, SRDM uses a toroidally shaped beam to deplete the signal formed on the edges of the focal spot, resulting in SRS signal being detected from only a subdiffraction limited region. In initial works, the cause of the depletion was not thoroughly characterized. Here, we conclusively demonstrate suppression mechanisms in SRDM, while also contrasting approaches to super-resolution Raman microscopy on the Stokes and anti-Stokes sides of the spectrum. By monitoring the depletion of both the SRS and inverse Raman scattering (IRS) signal at a range of depletion powers, we observed other four-wave coherent Raman pathways that correspond to the introduction of the femtosecond depletion beam. In addition, we showed the depletion of the IRS signal, paving the way for a super-resolution imaging technique based on IRS, inverse raman depletion microscopy (IRDM). Combined, SRDM and IRDM offer label-free super-resolution imaging over a large spectral range to accommodate a variety of different sample constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Ariel M Alperstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - David Punihaole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - W Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
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Xu Y, Xing L, Cao X, Li D, Men Z, Li Z, Wang S, Sun C. Hydrogen bonding network dynamics of 1,2-propanediol-water binary solutions by Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman scattering. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121825. [PMID: 36081192 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) were used to investigate the hydrogen bonding (HB) network in 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD)-water binary solutions. Abnormal changes in hydrogen bonds (HBs) were detected when V1,2-PD (volume fraction of the1,2-PD) was 0.4. In the case of Raman spectroscopy, the HB strength of water is weakened and then strengthened with the increase of 1,2-PD volume fraction. In the case of SRS, two new peaks at 3283 cm-1 and 3319 cm-1 were appeared, which demonstrated the appearance of ice-like structures near the methyl group and the weakening of HBs. Based on these phenomena, the HB structure of this binary system underwent a transition from H2O-H2O to H2O-1,2-PD when the V1,2-PD was 0.4 as V1,2-PD increased. This work serves as a reference value for the study of HB networks in alcohol-water binary solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lu Xing
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xianwen Cao
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dongfei Li
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, SiPing 136000, China
| | - Zhiwei Men
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhanlong Li
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shenghan Wang
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Xu Y, Dou Z, Xing L, Li Z, Men Z, Sun C, Wang S. Efficient frequency conversion and the crossing-pump effect of stimulated Raman scattering in an aqueous sodium sulfate solution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45043-45053. [PMID: 36522915 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cascaded stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of an aqueous sodium sulfate solution was investigated as well as the generation of the crossing-pump effect. With the introduction of dual sample cells, the first-order Stokes of the O-H stretching vibrational mode was able to act as the pump light to excite the Stokes of the S-O stretching vibrational mode, and a new Raman peak was obtained at 4423 cm-1. The dual sample cell device not only lowered the SRS threshold, but also enhanced the four-wave mixing (FWM) process. Compared to the input laser of 7 ns/pulse, the first-order Stokes of O-H was compressed to a pulse width of 413 ps after passing through the dual sample cells. The SRS of aqueous sodium sulfate solution covered an ultrabroad wavelength ranging from 441 nm to 720 nm (a Raman shift ranging from -3859 cm-1 to 4923 cm-1). The cone-shaped launch ring of the FWM process was also recorded. This work provides a reference for the establishment of laser frequency conversion devices using an aqueous sodium sulfate solution as the Raman medium.
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Cascaded amplification via three-beam double stimulated Raman scattering in benzene. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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A Comprehensive Review on Amplification of Laser Pulses via Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Plasmas. PLASMA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high-intensity lasers has grown ever since the invention of lasers in 1960, owing to their applications in the fields of inertial confinement fusion, plasma-based relativistic particle accelerators, complex X-ray and gamma-ray sources, and laboratory astrophysics. To create such high-intensity lasers, free-running lasers were either Q-switched or mode-locked to increase the peak power to the gigawatt range. Later, chirped pulse amplification was developed, allowing the generation of peak power up to 1012 W. However, the next generation of high-intensity lasers might not be able to be driven by the solid-state technology alone as they are already operating close to their damage thresholds. In this scenario, concepts of amplification based on plasmas has the potential to revolutionize the laser industry, as plasma is already a broken-down medium, and hence does not pose any problems related to the damage thresholds. On the other hand, there are many other aspects that need to be addressed before developing technologies based on plasma-based amplification, and they are being investigated via theoretical and numerical methods and supported by several experiments. In this report, we review the prospects of employing plasma as the medium of amplification by utilising stimulated scattering techniques, such as the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) techniques, to modulate high-power laser pulses, which would possibly be the key to the next generation of high-power lasers. The 1980s saw the commencement of research in this field, and possibilities of obtaining high peak powers were verified theoretically with the help of numerical calculations and simulations. The extent of amplification by these stimulated scattering schemes are limited by a number of instabilities such as forward Raman scattering (FRS), filamentation, etc., and here, magnetised plasma played an important role in counteracting these parasitic effects. The current research combines all these factors to experimentally realise a large-scale plasma-based amplifier, which can impact the high-energy laser industry in the near future.
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Li H, Xing L, Dou Z, Zhang W, Fang W, Sun C, Men Z. Generation of dual-supercontinuum coherent radiation in acetone mixed with carbon disulfide by stimulated Raman scattering. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4700-4703. [PMID: 36107067 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a liquid has been a major focus of nonlinear optics. Traditional SRS generates single or cascaded Stokes components arising from spontaneous Raman noise. Herein, we report the formation mechanism of a specific spectrum-continuous spectroscopy technique based on SRS of mixed liquids. SRS of a mixed acetone and carbon disulfide solution is investigated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. Two remarkably asymmetric broadened SRS lines are obtained. When the volume ratio is 7:3, the broadened spectral bands are optimized. The supercontinuum spectroscopy phenomenon is explained by hydrogen bond formation, adjacent vibrational modes coupling, and laser-induced plasma generation. This technique has the potential to contribute to the development of a supercontinuum Raman laser.
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Burns KH, Elles CG. Ultrafast Dynamics of a Molecular Switch from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy: Comparing Visible and UV Excitation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5932-5939. [PMID: 36026439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the ultrafast dynamics of a diarylethene (DAE) molecular switch following excitation into the first two optical absorption bands. Mode-specific resonance enhancements for Raman excitation at visible (750-560 nm) and near-UV (420-390 nm) wavelengths compared with the calculated and experimental off-resonance Raman spectrum at 785 nm reveal different Franck-Condon active vibrations for the two electronically excited states. The resonance enhancements at visible wavelengths are consistent with initial motion on the first excited-state that promotes the cycloreversion reaction, whereas the enhancements for excitation at near-UV wavelengths highlight motions involving conjugated backbone and phenyl ring stretching modes that are orthogonal to the reaction coordinate. The results support a mechanism involving rapid internal conversion from the higher-lying state followed by cycloreversion on the first excited state. These observations provide new information about the reactivity of DAE derivatives following excitation in the visible and near-UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Inoue T, Kohno JY. Stimulated Raman Scattering of an Organic Liquid in a Spherical-Shell Optical Cavity around an Aqueous Pendant Drop. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5507-5512. [PMID: 35830280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a liquid droplet enhances the Raman scattering intensity through optical resonances. We have previously used a pendant drop at the tip of a capillary as the Raman-enhancing medium. In this study, we develop a new optical cavity for SRS measurement that consists of a spherical shell of organic liquid. This enables us to extend the applicability of the pendant-drop SRS method to liquids with low viscosity or low interfacial tension. This method is used to observe low-frequency modes of liquid benzene. The results indicate that the SRS emerges locally with respect to the drop size. The developed method extends the study of liquid structures based on vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonao Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Kohno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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Leighton RE, Alperstein AM, Frontiera RR. Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging Techniques. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:37-55. [PMID: 35316608 PMCID: PMC9454238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-014723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological and material samples contain nanoscale heterogeneities that are unresolvable with conventional microscopy techniques. Super-resolution fluorescence methods can break the optical diffraction limit to observe these features, but they require samples to be fluorescently labeled. Over the past decade, progress has been made toward developing super-resolution techniques that do not require the use of labels. These label-free techniques span a variety of different approaches, including structured illumination, transient absorption, infrared absorption, and coherent Raman spectroscopies. Many draw inspiration from widely successful fluorescence-based techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). In this review, we discuss the progress made in these fields along with the current challenges and prospects in reaching resolutions comparable to those achieved with fluorescence-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Ariel M Alperstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
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Brzozowski K, Matuszyk E, Pieczara A, Firlej J, Nowakowska AM, Baranska M. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy in chemistry and life science - Development, innovation, perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108003. [PMID: 35690271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present a summary of the basics of the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) phenomenon, methods of detecting the signal, and collection of the SRS images. We demonstrate the advantages of SRS imaging, and recent developments, but also the limitations, especially in image capture speeds and spatial resolution. We also compare the use of SRS microscopy in biological system studies with other techniques such as fluorescence microscopy, second-harmonic generation (SHG)-based microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and spontaneous Raman, and we show the compatibility of SRS-based systems with other discussed methods. The review is also focused on indicating innovations in SRS microscopy, on the background of which we present the layout and performance of our homemade setup built from commercially available elements enabling for imaging of the molecular structure of single cells over the spectral range of 800-3600 cm-1. Methods of image analysis are discussed, including machine learning methods for obtaining images of the distribution of selected molecules and for the detection of pathological lesions in tissues or malignant cells in the context of clinical diagnosis of a wide range of diseases with the use of SRS microscopy. Finally, perspectives for the development of SRS microscopy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brzozowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - E Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Firlej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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44
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Ranjan R, Costa G, Ferrara MA, Sansone M, Sirleto L. Noises investigations and image denoising in femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100379. [PMID: 35324074 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the literature of SRS microscopy, the hardware characterization usually remains separate from the image processing. In this article, we consider both these aspects and statistical properties analysis of image noise, which plays the vital role of joining links between them. Firstly, we perform hardware characterization by systematic measurements of noise sources, demonstrating that our in-house built microscope is shot noise limited. Secondly, we analyze the statistical properties of the overall image noise, and we prove that the noise distribution can be dependent on image direction, whose origin is the use of a lock-in time constant longer than pixel dwell time. Finally, we compare the performances of two widespread general algorithms, that is, singular value decomposition and discrete wavelet transform, with a method, that is, singular spectrum analysis (SSA), which has been adapted for stimulated Raman scattering images. In order to validate our algorithms, in our investigations lipids droplets have been used and we demonstrate that the adapted SSA method provides an improvement in image denoising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giovanni Costa
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies (DIETI), University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ferrara
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Sansone
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies (DIETI), University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sirleto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Napoli, Italy
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45
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Dou Z, Xing L, Fang W, Sun C, Men Z. Investigated hydrogen-bond network kinetics of acetone-water solutions by spontaneous and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17270-17277. [PMID: 36221553 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen bond (HB) network structure and kinetics of the acetone-water mixed solutions were investigated by the spontaneous Raman and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectra. The HB network of water molecules was enhanced when the volume fraction of acetone ranged from 0 to 0.25. Two new SRS peaks of water at 3272 and 3380 cm-1 were obtained, resulting from the cooperation of the polar carbonyl (C = O)-enhanced HB and the ice-like structure formed around the methyl groups. However, when the volume fraction went beyond 0.25, the spontaneous Raman main peak at 3445 cm-1 showed a significant blue-shift, and the corresponding SRS signal disappeared, indicating that the HB of water was weakened, which originated from the self-association of acetone. In the meantime, the fully tetrahedral HB structure among water molecules was destroyed at the higher volume fraction (≥ 0.8). Hopefully, our study here would advance the study of HB network structures and kinetics in other aqueous solutions.
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46
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Bi X, Miao K, Wei L. Alkyne-Tagged Raman Probes for Local Environmental Sensing by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8504-8514. [PMID: 35508077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkyne-tagged Raman probes have shown high promise for noninvasive and sensitive visualization of small biomolecules to understand their functional roles in live cells. However, the potential for alkynes to sense cellular environments that goes beyond imaging remains to be further explored. Here, we report a general strategy for Raman imaging-based local environment sensing by hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) of terminal alkynes (termed alkyne-HDX). We first demonstrate, in multiple Raman probes, that deuterations of the alkynyl hydrogens lead to remarkable shifts of alkyne Raman peaks for about 130 cm-1, providing resolvable signals suited for imaging-based analysis with high specificity. Both our analytical derivation and experimental characterizations subsequently establish that HDX kinetics are linearly proportional to both alkyne pKas and environmental pDs. After validating the quantitative nature of this strategy, we apply alkyne-HDX to sensing local chemical and cellular environments. We establish that alkyne-HDX exhibits high sensitivity to various DNA structures and demonstrates the capacity to detect DNA structural changes in situ from UV-induced damage. We further show that this strategy is also applicable to resolve subtle pD variations in live cells. Altogether, our work lays the foundation for utilizing alkyne-HDX strategy to quantitatively sense the local environments for a broad spectrum of applications in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Bi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kun Miao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lu Wei
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Yilmaz H, Yilmaz D, Taskin IC, Culha M. Pharmaceutical applications of a nanospectroscopic technique: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114184. [PMID: 35306126 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a very sensitive technique offering unique opportunities for detection and identification of molecules and molecular structures at extremely low concentrations even in complex sample matrixes. Since a nanostructured noble metal surface is required for the enhancement of Raman scattering, the acquired spectral information naturally originates from nanometer size domains making it a nanospectroscopic technique by breaking the diffraction limit of light. In this review, first Raman spectroscopy, its comparison to other related techniques, its modes and instrumentation are briefly introduced. Then, the SERS mechanism, substrates and the parameters influencing a SERS experiment are discussed. Finally, its applications in pharmaceuticals including drug discovery, drug metabolism, multifunctional chemo-photothermal-therapy-delivery-release-imaging, drug stability and drug/metabolite detection in complex biological samples are summarized and elaborated.
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48
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Sparapassi G, Cavaletto SM, Tollerud J, Montanaro A, Glerean F, Marciniak A, Giusti F, Mukamel S, Fausti D. Transient measurement of phononic states with covariance-based stochastic spectroscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:44. [PMID: 35228519 PMCID: PMC8885707 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach to transient Raman spectroscopy, which combines stochastic probe pulses and a covariance-based detection to measure stimulated Raman signals in alpha-quartz. A coherent broadband pump is used to simultaneously impulsively excite a range of different phonon modes, and the phase, amplitude, and energy of each mode are independently recovered as a function of the pump-probe delay by a noisy-probe and covariance-based analysis. Our experimental results and the associated theoretical description demonstrate the feasibility of 2D-Raman experiments based on the stochastic-probe schemes, with new capabilities not available in equivalent mean-value-based 2D-Raman techniques. This work unlocks the gate for nonlinear spectroscopies to capitalize on the information hidden within the noise and overlooked by a mean-value analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sparapassi
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Angela Montanaro
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Glerean
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexandre Marciniak
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy
| | - Fancesca Giusti
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniele Fausti
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy.
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49
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Wang Y, Chen D. Application of Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy in Revealing Critical Chemical Processes and Phenomena of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23033-23055. [PMID: 35130433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The future of the energy industry and green transportation critically relies on exploration of high-performance, reliable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly energy storage and conversion materials. Understanding the chemical processes and phenomena involved in electrochemical energy storage and conversion is the premise of a revolutionary materials discovery. In this article, we review the recent advancements of application of state-of-the-art vibrational spectroscopic techniques in unraveling the nature of electrochemical energy, including bulk energy storage, dynamics of liquid electrolytes, interfacial processes, etc. Technique-wise, the review covers a wide range of spectroscopic methods, including classic vibrational spectroscopy (direct infrared absorption and Raman scattering), external field enhanced spectroscopy (surface enhanced Raman and IR, tip enhanced Raman, and near-field IR), and two-photon techniques (2D infrared absorption, stimulated Raman, and vibrational sum frequency generation). Finally, we provide perspectives on future directions in refining vibrational spectroscopy to contribute to the research frontier of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Dongchang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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50
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