1
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Saczuk K, Dudek M, Matczyszyn K, Deiana M. Advancements in molecular disassembly of optical probes: a paradigm shift in sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38963132 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The majority of self-assembled fluorescent dyes suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), which detrimentally affects their diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness. While aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active dyes offer a promising solution to overcome this limitation, they may face significant challenges as the intracellular environment often prevents aggregation, leading to disassembly and posing challenges for AIE fluorogens. Recent progress in signal amplification through the disassembly of ACQ dyes has opened new avenues for creating ultrasensitive optical sensors and enhancing phototherapeutic outcomes. These advances are well-aligned with cutting-edge technologies such as single-molecule microscopy and targeted molecular therapies. This work explores the concept of disaggregation-induced emission (DIE), showcasing the revolutionary capabilities of DIE-based dyes from their design to their application in sensing, bioimaging, disease monitoring, and treatment in both cellular and animal models. Our objective is to provide an in-depth comparison of aggregation versus disaggregation mechanisms, aiming to stimulate further advancements in the design and utilization of ACQ fluorescent dyes through DIE technology. This initiative is poised to catalyze scientific progress across a broad spectrum of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Saczuk
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marta Dudek
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM(2)), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marco Deiana
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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2
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Lu X, Zhang K, Niu X, Ren DD, Zhou Z, Dang LL, Fu HR, Tan C, Ma L, Zang SQ. Encapsulation engineering of porous crystalline frameworks for delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6694-6734. [PMID: 38747082 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01026k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Delayed luminescence (DF), including phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) exhibit common and broad application prospects in optoelectronic displays, biological imaging, and encryption. Thus, the combination of delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence is attracting increasing attention. The encapsulation of guest emitters in various host matrices to form host-guest systems has been demonstrated to be an appealing strategy to further enhance and/or modulate their delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Compared with conventional liquid crystals, polymers, and supramolecular matrices, porous crystalline frameworks (PCFs) including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), zeolites and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) can not only overcome shortcomings such as flexibility and disorder but also achieve the ordered encapsulation of guests and long-term stability of chiral structures, providing new promising host platforms for the development of DF and CPL. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and critical summary of the recent progress in host-guest photochemistry via the encapsulation engineering of guest emitters in PCFs, particularly focusing on delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. Initially, the general principle of phosphorescence, TADF and CPL, the combination of DF and CPL, and energy transfer processes between host and guests are introduced. Subsequently, we comprehensively discuss the critical factors affecting the encapsulation engineering of guest emitters in PCFs, such as pore structures, the confinement effect, charge and energy transfer between the host and guest, conformational dynamics, and aggregation model of guest emitters. Thereafter, we summarize the effective methods for the preparation of host-guest systems, especially single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation and epitaxial growth, which are distinct from conventional methods based on amorphous materials. Then, the recent advancements in host-guest systems based on PCFs for delayed luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence are highlighted. Finally, we present our personal insights into the challenges and future opportunities in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Xinkai Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Technology, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Ru Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Lufang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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3
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Song R, Dong Y, Zhong Z, Zhao Q, Hu Y, Lei M, Lei P, Jiang Z, Qian K, Shi C, He Z, Qin Y, Wang J, Chen H. Systematic Structural Modification of Squaraine Dye for Near-Infrared Window One and Two Multiplexed In Vivo Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10275-10292. [PMID: 38842846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to the wide application of reporter gene-related visible/NIR-I bioluminescent imaging, multiplexed fluorescence imaging across visible/NIR-I/NIR-II has excellent potential in biomedical research. However, in vivo multiplexed imaging applications across those regions have rarely been reported due to the lack of proper fluorophores. Herein, nine squaraine dyes, which exhibit diverse adsorption and emission wavelengths, were synthesized. Among them, water-soluble SQ 710-5k and SQ 905 were found to have significant absorption differences, which allowed the tumor and lymph nodes to be identified. Then, for the first time, six-channel multiplexed fluorescence imaging across visible/NIR-I/II was achieved by coordination with reporter gene-related bioluminescent phosphors. Additional research revealed that SQ 710-5k exhibited higher-quality blood vessels and tumor imaging in NIR-II. H-aggregates SQ 905 demonstrated a high photothermal conversion efficiency for photothermal therapy. This study proposed an approach to creating small molecular dyes that coordinate with reporter gene-related bioluminescent phosphors for six-color fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiyun Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meiling Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhaoning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Radiology department, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
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4
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Giri I, Chhetri S, John P J, Mondal M, Dey AB, Vijayaraghavan RK. Engineered solid-state aggregates in brickwork stacks of n-type organic semiconductors: a way to achieve high electron mobility. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9630-9640. [PMID: 38939134 PMCID: PMC11206358 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient, economically viable n-type organic semiconductor materials suitable for solution-processed OFET devices with high electron mobility and ambient stability are scarce. Merging these attributes into a single molecule remains a significant challenge and a careful molecular design is needed. To address this, synthetic viability (achievable in fewer than three steps) and using cost-effective starting materials are crucial. Our research presents a strategy that meets these criteria using naphthalene diimide (NDI) core structures. The approach involves a simple synthesis process with a cost of $ 5-10 per gram for the final products. This paper highlights our success in scaling up the production using affordable known reagents, creating ambient condition solution-processed OFET devices with impressive electron mobility, on-off current ratio (1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and I on/I off ∼ 109) and good ambient stability (more than 100 h). We conducted a comprehensive study on EHNDIBr2, a material that demonstrates superior performance due to its unique supramolecular arrangement in its brickwork stack. This was compared with two similar structures to validate our findings. The superior performance of EHNDIBr2 is attributed to the effective interlocking of charge-hopping units within the NDI core in its brickwork stack. Our findings include detailed electronic, spectroscopic, and microscopic analyses of these layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Giri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Shant Chhetri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Jesslyn John P
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Madalasa Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Arka Bikash Dey
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Ratheesh K Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
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5
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Zhang Z, Xu C, Sun Q, Zhu Y, Yan W, Cai G, Li Y, Si W, Lu X, Xu W, Yang Y, Lin Y. Delocalizing Excitation for Highly-Active Organic Photovoltaic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402343. [PMID: 38639055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Localized excitation in traditional organic photocatalysts typically prevents the generation and extraction of photo-induced free charge carriers, limiting their activity enhancement under illumination. Here, we enhance delocalized photoexcitation of small molecular photovoltaic catalysts by weakening their electron-phonon coupling via rational fluoro-substitution. The optimized 2FBP-4F catalyst we develop here exhibits a minimized Huang-Rhys factor of 0.35 in solution, high dielectric constant and strong crystallization in the solid state. As a result, the energy barrier for exciton dissociation is decreased, and more importantly, polarons are unusually observed in 2FBP-4F nanoparticles (NPs). With the increased hole transfer efficiency and prolonged charge carrier lifetime highly related to enhanced exciton delocalization, the PM6 : 2FBP-4F heterojunction NPs at varied concentration exhibit much higher optimized photocatalytic activity (207.6-561.8 mmol h-1 g-1) for hydrogen evolution than the control PM6 : BP-4F and PM6 : 2FBP-6F NPs, as well as other reported photocatalysts under simulated solar light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianlu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenlong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Si
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weigao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Stenspil SG, Laursen BW. Photophysics of fluorescent nanoparticles based on organic dyes - challenges and design principles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8625-8638. [PMID: 38873083 PMCID: PMC11168078 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles have become attractive for bioanalysis and imaging, due to their high brightness and photostability. Many different optical materials have been applied in fluorescent nanoparticles with a broad range of properties and characteristics. One appealing approach is the incorporation of molecular organic fluorophores in nanoparticles with the intention of transferring their known attractive solution-state properties directly to the nanoparticles. However, as molecular dyes are packed closely together in the nanoparticles their interactions most often result in fluorescence quenching and change in spectral properties making this approach challenging. In this perspective we will first discuss the origins of quenching and spectral shifts observed in dye based nanoparticles. On this background, we will then describe various designs of dye based NPs and how they address the challenges of dye-dye interactions and quenching. Our aim is to provide a general framework for understanding the supramolecular mechanisms that determine the photophysics of dye based nanoparticles. This framework of molecular photophysics and its relation to the internal structure of dye based nanoparticles can hopefully serve to assist rational design and optimization of new and improved dye based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine G Stenspil
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
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7
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Shahu A, Petropoulos V, Saridakis E, Petrakis VS, Ioannidis N, Mitrikas G, Schiza A, Chochos CL, Kasimati EM, Soultati A, Nika MC, Thomaidis NS, Fakis M, Maiuri M, Cerullo G, Pistolis G. Aggregation-Driven Photoinduced α-C(sp 3)-H Bond Hydroxylation/C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling of Boron Dipyrromethene Dye in Water Reported by Near-Infrared Emission. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15659-15665. [PMID: 38819953 PMCID: PMC11190975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Molecular aggregation is a powerful tool for tuning advanced materials' photophysical and electronic properties. Here we present a novel potential for the aqueous-solvated aggregated state of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) to facilitate phototransformations otherwise achievable only under harsh chemical conditions. We show that the photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation state can itself initiate catalyst-free redox chemistry, leading to selective α-C(sp3)-H bond activation/Csp3-Csp3 coupling on the BODIPY backbone. The photoproduction progress was tracked by monitoring the evolution of the strong Stokes-shifted near-infrared emission, resulting from selective self-assembly of the terminal heterodimeric photoproduct into well-ordered J-aggregates, as revealed by X-ray structural analysis. These findings provide a facile and green route to further explore the promising frontier of packing-triggered selective photoconversions via supramolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelajda Shahu
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- Department
of Physics, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Saridakis
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Vyron S. Petrakis
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ioannidis
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - George Mitrikas
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Andriana Schiza
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research
Foundation, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research
Foundation, Athens 11635, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Maria Christina Nika
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Mihalis Fakis
- Department
of Physics, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | | | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - George Pistolis
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
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8
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Haghshenas H, Spano FC. Impact of Local and Nonlocal Vibronic Coupling on the Absorption and Emission Spectra of J- and H-Dimers. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4790-4803. [PMID: 38768310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The impact of exciton-vibrational (EV) coupling involving low-energy ("slow") intermolecular vibrations and higher-energy ("fast") intramolecular vibrations on the absorption and emission spectra of H- and J-dimers is studied theoretically for a pair of chromophores with excitonic coupling dominated by transition dipole-dipole coupling, JC. Exact quantum-mechanical solutions based on a Frenkel-Holstein-Peierls Hamiltonian reveal a fascinating interplay between the two coupling sources in determining the spectral line widths, Stoke shifts and radiative decay rates. It is shown that the ratio rules derived from the vibronic progression of the fast mode in molecular dimers remain valid under the influence of slow-mode EV coupling under most conditions. However, a highly unusual aggregate behavior occurs when the product of local and nonlocal couplings, |gLgNL|, exceeds 2ℏωs|JC|, where ℏωs is the energy of the slow mode. In this regime and when gL and gNL are in-phase, an H-dimer (JC > 0) becomes strongly emissive and can even be super-radiant, while a J-dimer (JC < 0) with out-of-phase gL and gNL values becomes subradiant. Such behaviors are in marked contrast to the predictions of Kasha theory and demonstrate the richness of the photophysical behavior resulting from EV coupling involving inter- and intramolecular vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghshenas
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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9
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Noblet T, Busson B. Linear and nonlinear optics in composite systems: From diagrammatic modeling to applications. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214710. [PMID: 38836456 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A bipartite system is defined as two microscopic entities being able to exchange energy. When excited by light, the complete optical response functions at first (polarizabilities) and second orders (first hyperpolarizabilities) of such a system are determined using the diagrammatic theory of optics. The generality of the method is ensured by the free choice of light-matter and matter-matter interaction Hamiltonians and by the arbitrary number of quanta involved in the energy exchange. In the dipolar approximation, the optical response functions of the system (i.e., of the interacting entities) are linked to the responses of the interaction-free entities by transfer matrices. These universal matrices identically modify the optical response functions at all orders in the electromagnetic field, allowing the implementation of matter-matter interactions in higher-order processes, such as stimulated or spontaneous Raman scattering and four-wave mixing. This formalism is then applied to various composite systems: dimers, multimers and lattices of nanoparticles and molecules, dense molecular layers, and substrate-induced image dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Noblet
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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10
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Kim CW, Franco I. General framework for quantifying dissipation pathways in open quantum systems. I. Theoretical formulation. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214111. [PMID: 38833366 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a general and practical theoretical framework to investigate how energy is dissipated in open quantum system dynamics. This is performed by quantifying the contributions of individual bath components to the overall dissipation of the system. The framework is based on the Nakajima-Zwanzig projection operator technique, which allows us to express the rate of energy dissipation into a specific bath degree of freedom by using traces of operator products. The approach captures system-bath interactions to all orders, but is based on second-order perturbation theory on the off-diagonal subsystem's couplings and a Markovian description of the bath. The usefulness of our theory is demonstrated by applying it to various models of open quantum systems involving harmonic oscillators or spin baths and connecting the outcomes to existing results such as our previously reported formula derived for locally coupled harmonic baths [Kim and Franco, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 084109 (2021)]. We also prove that the dissipation calculated by our theory rigorously satisfies thermodynamic principles such as energy conservation and detailed balance. Overall, the strategy can be used to develop the theory and simulation of dissipation pathways to interpret and engineer the dynamics of open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ignacio Franco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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11
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Li H, Xu X, Guan R, Movsesyan A, Lu Z, Xu Q, Jiang Z, Yang Y, Khan M, Wen J, Wu H, de la Moya S, Markovich G, Hu H, Wang Z, Guo Q, Yi T, Govorov AO, Tang Z, Lan X. Collective chiroptical activity through the interplay of excitonic and charge-transfer effects in localized plasmonic fields. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4846. [PMID: 38844481 PMCID: PMC11156920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The collective light-matter interaction of chiral supramolecular aggregates or molecular ensembles with confined light fields remains a mystery beyond the current theoretical description. Here, we programmably and accurately build models of chiral plasmonic complexes, aiming to uncover the entangled effects of excitonic correlations, intra- and intermolecular charge transfer, and localized surface plasmon resonances. The intricate interplay of multiple chirality origins has proven to be strongly dependent on the site-specificity of chiral molecules on plasmonic nanoparticle surfaces spanning the nanometer to sub-nanometer scale. This dependence is manifested as a distinct circular dichroism response that varies in spectral asymmetry/splitting, signal intensity, and internal ratio of intensity. The inhomogeneity of the surface-localized plasmonic field is revealed to affect excitonic and charge-transfer mixed intermolecular couplings, which are inherent to chirality generation and amplification. Our findings contribute to the development of hybrid classical-quantum theoretical frameworks and the harnessing of spin-charge transport for emergent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongcheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Artur Movsesyan
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Zhenni Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Majid Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gil Markovich
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Huatian Hu
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano, 73010, LE, Italy
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander O Govorov
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Mazumder A, Vinod K, Maret PD, Das PP, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Mediated Triplet Population in a Perylenediimide Trimer at the Single-Molecule Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5896-5904. [PMID: 38805687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate triplet excited-state population in a conformationally rigid perylenediimide trimer (PDI-T) via intramolecular symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) at the single-molecule level. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories of PDI-T in nonpolar polystyrene matrix (ε = 2.60) exhibit prolonged fluorescence with infrequent dark states, representing the triplet and/or the charge transfer states. In contrast, in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix (ε = 7.80), erratic blinking dynamics resulting in low photon counts were observed, corroborating the feasibility of charge separation in a polar environment. In agreement with the single-molecule measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy of PDI-T reveals ultrafast SB-CS (τCS < 5 ps) in polar tetrahydrofuran (ε = 7.58) and acetone (ε = 20.70), with the population of the triplet excited-state through charge recombination. The current investigation shows the utility of rigid and weakly coupled molecular constructs in controlling triplet generation and SB-CS for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Pallavi Panthakkal Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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13
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Chen X, Li J, Roy S, Ullah Z, Gu J, Huang H, Yu C, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang Y, Guo B. Development of Polymethine Dyes for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304506. [PMID: 38441392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) is burgeoning because of its higher imaging fidelity in monitoring physiological and pathological processes than clinical visible/the second near-infrared window fluorescence imaging. Notably, the imaging fidelity is heavily dependent on fluorescence agents. So far, indocyanine green, one of the polymethine dyes, with good biocompatibility and renal clearance is the only dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but it shows relatively low NIR-II brightness. Importantly, tremendous efforts are devoted to synthesizing polymethine dyes for imaging preclinically and clinically. They have shown feasibility in the customization of structure and properties to fulfill various needs in imaging and therapy. Herein, a timely update on NIR-II polymethine dyes, with a special focus on molecular design strategies for fluorescent, photoacoustic, and multimodal imaging, is offered. Furthermore, the progress of polymethine dyes in sensing pathological biomarkers and even reporting drug release is illustrated. Moreover, the NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided therapies with polymethine dyes are summarized regarding chemo-, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimodal approaches. In addition, artificial intelligence is pointed out for its potential to expedite dye development. This comprehensive review will inspire interest among a wide audience and offer a handbook for people with an interest in NIR-II polymethine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jieyan Li
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zia Ullah
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingsi Gu
- Education Center and Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuejin Wang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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14
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Fujimoto K, Izawa S, Yamada K, Yagi S, Inuzuka T, Sanada K, Sakamoto M, Hiramoto M, Takahashi M. Wavily Curved Perylene Diimides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Properties. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300748. [PMID: 38329154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Solubility enhancement is a key issue for developing the perylene diimide-based functional materials. Introduction of curved structure proved an effective solubilizing method without employing steric repulsion. In this work, wavily curved perylene diimides were developed as a new family of highly soluble curved perylene diimides. Moreover, their conformational dynamics, aggregating properties, electronic properties, and photovoltaic performances were thoroughly examined in comparison to the previously reported isomer exhibiting an arched curvature. The waved isomer demonstrated heightened rigidity and a greater propensity for aggregation compared to the arched isomer, likely attributed to its more planar structure. Each benzoxepin unit played a role in cancelling out the curvature on the opposite side. While the difference in the molecular curvature did not cause significant alterations in the photophysical and electron-accepting properties, we identified that the modulation of the curved structure is effective in controlling the morphology of the photoelectric conversion layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Sota Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sanada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiramoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8561, Japan
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15
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Wang S, Zhu W, Jacobs IE, Wood WA, Wang Z, Manikandan S, Andreasen JW, Un HI, Ursel S, Peralta S, Guan S, Grivel JC, Longuemart S, Sirringhaus H. Enhancing the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymers by Suppressing Dopant-Induced Disorder. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314062. [PMID: 38558210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Doping is a crucial strategy to enhance the performance of various organic electronic devices. However, in many cases, the random distribution of dopants in conjugated polymers leads to the disruption of the polymer microstructure, severely constraining the achievable performance of electronic devices. Here, it is shown that by ion-exchange doping polythiophene-based P[(3HT)1-x-stat-(T)x] (x = 0 (P1), 0.12 (P2), 0.24 (P3), and 0.36 (P4)), remarkably high electrical conductivity of >400 S cm-1 and power factor of >16 µW m-1 K-2 are achieved for the random copolymer P3, ranking it among highest ever reported for unaligned P3HT-based films, significantly higher than that of P1 (<40 S cm-1, <4 µW m-1 K-2). Although both polymers exhibit comparable field-effect transistor hole mobilities of ≈0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the pristine state, after doping, Hall effect measurements indicate that P3 exhibits a large Hall mobility up to 1.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, significantly outperforming that of P1 (0.06 cm2 V-1 s-1). GIWAXS measurement determines that the in-plane π-π stacking distance of doped P3 is 3.44 Å, distinctly shorter than that of doped P1 (3.68 Å). These findings contribute to resolving the long-standing dopant-induced-disorder issues in P3HT and serve as an example for achieving fast charge transport in highly doped polymers for efficient electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque, 59140, France
| | - Wenjin Zhu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ian E Jacobs
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - William A Wood
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zichen Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Suraj Manikandan
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jens Wenzel Andreasen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sarah Ursel
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sébastien Peralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95000, France
| | - Shaoliang Guan
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Grivel
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Stéphane Longuemart
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque, 59140, France
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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16
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Javed N, Pacheco H, Sreekumar S, Chong J, Cheng Z, O'Carroll DM. High solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon-dot-derived molecular fluorophores for light-emitting devices. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10388-10397. [PMID: 38739021 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Several recent studies of carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by bottom-up methods under mild conditions have reported the presence of organic molecular fluorophores in CD dispersions. These fluorophores have a tendency to aggregate, and their properties strongly depend on whether they are present in the form of discrete molecules or aggregates. The aggregation becomes more prominent in the solid state, which motivates the study of the properties of the fluorophores associated with CDs in the solid state. Here, we report the solid-state characterization of N4,N11-dimethyldibenzo[a,h]phenazine-4,11-diamine (BPD) - a molecular fluorophore that forms CDs. Discrete BPD molecules show excitation-wavelength-independent photoluminescence (PL) emission in the green wavelength region at ∼520 nm. However, additional blue PL is also observed due to aggregation, making the PL emission significantly broad. For detailed studies, BPD is mixed in different solid matrices, and it is observed that the PL quantum yield (PLQY) of BPD films strongly depends on the concentration of BPD in the solid matrices. Increasing the concentration of BPD results in a considerable decrease in the PLQY. The PLQY of the films with an optimum concentration of BPD is 75.9% and 40.2% in polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene, respectively. At higher concentrations, these PLQY values decrease to ∼11%. The significant decrease in the PLQY is ascribed to reabsorption and nonradiative exciton decay that is facilitated by BPD aggregation at higher concentrations. Finally, light-emitting devices (LEDs) were fabricated with almost pure white emission color, having CIE (International Commission on Illumination) coordinates of (0.35, 0.37) using BPD in the color-converting layer of blue-pumped LEDs. The device shows a luminous efficiency 3.8 lm W-1 and luminance of 43 331 cd m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Javed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23460, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haydee Pacheco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Sneha Sreekumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinyu Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhongkai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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17
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Arildii D, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Internal Energy Dependence of the Pyrrole Dimer Cation Structures Formed in a Supersonic Plasma Expansion: Charge-Resonance and Hydrogen-Bonded Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3993-4006. [PMID: 38741030 PMCID: PMC11129305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The structures of the pyrrole dimer cation (Py2+) formed in an electron-ionization-driven supersonic plasma expansion of Py seeded in Ar or N2 are probed as a function of its internal energy by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in a tandem mass spectrometer. The IRPD spectra recorded in the CH and NH stretch ranges are analyzed by dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The spectra of the cold Ar/N2-tagged Py2+ clusters, Py2+Ln (n = 1-5 for Ar, n = 1 for N2), indicate the exclusive formation of the most stable antiparallel π-stacked Py2+ structure under cold conditions, which is stabilized by charge-resonance interaction. The bare Py2+ dimers produced in the ion source have higher internal energy, and the observation of additional transitions in their IRPD spectra suggests a minor population of less stable hydrogen-bonded isomers composed of heterocyclic Py/Py+ structures formed after intramolecular H atom transfer and ring opening. These intermolecular isomers differ from the chemically bonded structures proposed earlier in the analysis of IRPD spectra of Py2+ generated by VUV ionization of neutral Pyn clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashjargal Arildii
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka
University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- International
Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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18
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Kikuchi M, Tadokoro T, Tachibana T, Suzuki S, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Cation-Stacking Approach Enabling Interconversion between Bis(xanthylium) and its Reduced Species. Chemistry 2024:e202401683. [PMID: 38780869 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cyclophane-type dications with two units of xanthylium were designed, with the expectation that intramolecular interaction between cation units could induce changes in absorption and redox behavior. The desired dications were synthesized via the macrocyclic diketone as a key intermediate, which was efficiently obtained by a stepwise etherification. X-ray and UV/Vis measurements revealed that the cyclophane-type dications adopt a stacking structure in both the crystal and solution. Due to the intramolecular interaction caused by π-π stacking of the xanthylium units, a considerable blue shift compared to the corresponding monocations and a two-stage one-electron reduction process were observed in the dications. Furthermore, upon electrochemical reduction of dications, the formation of biradicals via radical cation species was demonstrated by UV/Vis spectroscopy with several isosbestic points at both stages. Therefore, the cation-stacking approach is a promising way to provide novel properties due to perturbation of their molecular orbitals and to stabilize the reduced species even though they have open-shell characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moto Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tadokoro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takuya Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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19
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Vinod K, Jadhav SD, Hariharan M. Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Crystalline Iodinated Eumelanin Monomer. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400499. [PMID: 38502668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We report the room temperature phosphorescence upon iodination on a crystalline eumelanin monomer with shielded hydroxyl moieties, ethyl 5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylate (DMICE). Ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) is observed in the iodinated (IDMICE) as well as brominated (BDMICE) analogues of the eumelanin monomer derivative in solution. The triplet quantum yields (φT) and intersystem crossing rates (kISC) of the halogenated eumelanin derivatives areφ T B D M I C E ${{\phi{} }_{T}^{BDMICE}}$ =25.4±1.1 %;k I S C B D M I C E ${{k}_{ISC}^{BDMICE}}$ =1.95×109 s-1 andφ T I D M I C E ${{\phi{} }_{T}^{IDMICE}}$ =59.1±1.6 %;k I S C I D M I C E = ${{k}_{ISC}^{IDMICE}=}$ 1.36×1010 s-1, as monitored using transient absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations based on nuclear ensemble method reveal that computed kISC and spin-orbit coupling matrix elements for eumelanin derivatives are larger for IDMICE relative to BDMICE. The halogen and π-π interactions, with distinct excitonic coupling and higher ISC rate promote phosphorescence in IDMICE molecular crystals. Accessing triplet excited states and resultant photoluminescence through structural modification of eumelanin scaffolds paves way for exploring the versatility of eumelanin-inspired molecules as bio-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Sohan D Jadhav
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
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20
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Biswas S, Zhao R, Alowa F, Zacharias M, Sharifzadeh S, Coker DF, Seferos DS, Scholes GD. Exciton polaron formation and hot-carrier relaxation in rigid Dion-Jacobson-type two-dimensional perovskites. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01895-z. [PMID: 38755291 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of two-dimensional Dion-Jacobson-type materials relies on the complex interplay between electronic and lattice dynamics; however, questions remain about the functional role of exciton-phonon interactions. Here we establish the robust polaronic nature of the excitons in these materials at room temperature by combining ultrafast spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. We show that polaronic distortion is associated with low-frequency (30-60 cm-1) lead iodide octahedral lattice motions. More importantly, we discover how targeted ligand modification of this two-dimensional perovskite structure manipulates exciton-phonon coupling, exciton polaron population and carrier cooling. At high excitation density, stronger exciton-phonon coupling increases the hot-carrier lifetime, forming a hot-phonon bottleneck. Our study provides detailed insight into the exciton-phonon coupling and its role in carrier cooling in two-dimensional perovskites relevant for developing emerging hybrid semiconductor materials with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton Uiversity, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatimah Alowa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Zacharias
- Université de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David F Coker
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Holzinger R, Bassler NS, Ritsch H, Genes C. Scaling Law for Kasha's Rule in Photoexcited Molecular Aggregates. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3910-3915. [PMID: 38568185 PMCID: PMC11103697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We study the photophysics of molecular aggregates from a quantum optics perspective, with emphasis on deriving scaling laws for the fast nonradiative relaxation of collective electronic excitations, referred to as Kasha's rule. Aggregates exhibit an energetically broad manifold of collective states with delocalized electronic excitations originating from near-field dipole-dipole exchanges between neighboring monomers. Photoexcitation at optical wavelengths, much larger than the monomer-monomer average separation, addresses almost exclusively symmetric collective states, which for an arrangement known as H-aggregate show an upward hypsochromic shift. The extremely fast subsequent nonradiative relaxation via intramolecular vibrational modes populates lower energy, subradiant states, resulting in effective inhibition of fluorescence. Our analytical treatment allows for the derivation of an approximate scaling law of this relaxation process, linear in the number of available low-energy vibrational modes and directly proportional to the dipole-dipole interaction strength between neighboring monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Holzinger
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nico S. Bassler
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Ge W, Wang H, Wu X, Dong B, Lu Q, Tian M. Unique fluorescent probe for the recognition of late apoptosis via translocation from plasma membrane to nucleus. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124095. [PMID: 38490121 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Cell apoptosis is a crucial physiological process playing central roles in key biological and pathological activities. However, the current fluorescent probes for the detection of late apoptosis were "off-on" probes, which were facilely interfered by false positive signals caused by inhomogeneous staining and other factors. Herein, a unique fluorescent probe (NPn) discriminating late apoptosis from early apoptosis and heathy status with two different sets of fluorescent signals have been prepared, to overcome the possible false positive signals. NPn was designed impermeable to biomembranes and simultaneously with high affinity to DNA/RNA, which localized on the plasma membranes of living and early apoptotic cells, while relocated to the nucleus in late apoptotic cells. The hydrophilic amine unit and small ion radius were responsive for its membrane impermeability, which was confirmed with two control molecules without amine group. Using the probe, we have successfully evaluated the cell apoptosis induced by ultraviolet irradiation, rotenone, colchicine, and paclitaxel, demonstrating its potential application in biological researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Huina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
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23
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Cervantes-Salguero K, Kadrmas M, Ward BM, Lysne D, Wolf A, Piantanida L, Pascual G, Knowlton WB. Minimizing Structural Heterogeneity in DNA Self-Assembled Dye Templating via DNA Origami-Tuned Conformations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10195-10207. [PMID: 38690801 PMCID: PMC11100016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
With recent advances in DNA-templated dye aggregation for leveraging and engineering molecular excitons, a need exists for minimizing structural heterogeneity. Holliday Junction complexes (HJ) are commonly used to covalently template dye aggregates on their core; however, the global conformation of HJ is detrimentally dynamic. Here, the global conformation of the HJ is selectively tuned by restricting its position and orientation by using a sheet-like DNA origami construct (DOC) physisorbed on glass. The HJ arms are fixed with four different designed interduplex angles (IDAs). Atomic force microscopy confirmed that the HJs are bound to the surface of DOC with tuned IDAs. Dye orientation distributions were determined by combining dipole imaging and super-resolution microscopy. All IDAs led to dye orientations having dispersed distributions along planes perpendicular to the HJ plane, suggesting that stacking occurred between the dye and the neighboring DNA bases. The dye-base stacking interpretation was supported by increasing the size of the core cavity. The narrowest IDA minimizes structural heterogeneity and suggests dye intercalation. A strong correlation is found between the IDA and the orientation of the dye along the HJ plane. These results show that the HJ imposes restrictions on the dye and that the dye-DNA interactions are always present regardless of global conformation. The implications of our results are discussed for the scalability of dye aggregates using DNA self-assembly. Our methodology provides an avenue for the solid-supported single-molecule characterization of molecular assemblies templated on biomolecules─such as DNA and protein templates involved in light-harvesting and catalysis─with tuned conformations and restricted in position and orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitel Cervantes-Salguero
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Madison Kadrmas
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Brett M. Ward
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Drew Lysne
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Amanda Wolf
- Biomolecular
Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Luca Piantanida
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Gissela Pascual
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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24
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Zhu G, Liu Z, Qi Q, Xing J, Li Q. Responsive Organic Fluorescent Aggregates Based on Ion-π Interactions Away from Fluorescent Conjugated Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406417. [PMID: 38712562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Responsive organic luminescent aggregates have a wide range of application fields, but currently there is still a lack of reasonable molecular design strategies. Introducing ion-π interactions into molecules can effectively alter their luminescent properties. However, current research typically focuses on ion localization at luminescent conjugated groups with the strong interaction forces. In this work, we introduce the flexible alkoxy chain spacers between fluorescent conjugated groups and ion-π interaction sites, and then adjust the fluorescence performance of the molecule by changing the strength of ion-π interactions. Bromine ion-based molecules with strong ion-π interactions exhibit high and stable fluorescence quantum yields in crystals and amorphous powders under the external stimuli. Hexafluorophosphate ion-based molecules with weak ion-π interactions have the high fluorescence quantum yield in crystals and very low fluorescence quantum yield in amorphous powders, showing variable fluorescence intensities under external stimuli. This demonstrates a new class of responsive organic luminescent solid-state materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Junfei Xing
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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25
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Insuasty A, Carrara S, Xuechen J, McNeill CR, Hogan C, Langford SJ. Aggregation-Induced Emission of Naphthalene Diimides: Effect of Chain Length on Liquid and Solid-Phase Emissive Properties. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400152. [PMID: 38528740 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of a systematic series of naphthalene diimides (NDIs) varying the chain length at the imide positions have been studied. A solvophobic collapse of NDI units through the flash injection of THF NDI solutions in sonicating water triggers the formation of stable suspensions with enhanced fluorescence emissions. Shorter chains favor the π-π stacking of NDI units through H-aggregation producing a strong AIE effect showing remarkably high quantum yields that have not been observed for non core-substitued NDIs previously. On the other hand, NDIs functionalized with longer chains lead to more disordered domains where π-π stacking between NDI units is mainly given by J-aggregation unfavoring the AIE effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Insuasty
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Serena Carrara
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jiao Xuechen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3080, Australia
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3080, Australia
| | - Conor Hogan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Steven J Langford
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physics Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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26
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Roy R, Chawla S, Sharma V, Pal AK, Silori Y, Datta A, De AK, Koner AL. Ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge separation in Perylenemonoimide-embedded multichromophores: impact of regioisomerism. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6363-6377. [PMID: 38699268 PMCID: PMC11062123 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) has recently evolved as an emerging concept offering its potential to the latest generation of organic photovoltaics. However there are several concerns that need to be addressed to reach the state-of-the-art in SB-CS chemistry, for instance, the desirable molecular geometry, interchromophoric distance and extent of electronic coupling. To shed light on those features, it is reported herein, that ortho-functionalized perylene monoimide (PMI) constituted regioisomeric dimer and trimer derivatives with varied molecular twisting and electronic conjugation have been synthesized. In steady-state photophysical studies, all the dimers and trimer derivatives exhibit a larger bathochromic shift in the emission spectra and a significant reduction of fluorescence quantum yield in polar DMF. Among the series of multichromophores, ortho- and self-coupled dimers display the strikingly different optical feature of SB-CS with a very fast charge separation rate (τCS = 80.2 ps) upon photoexcitation in DMF, which is unveiled by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) studies. The SB-CS for two dimers is well-supported by the formation of PMI˙+ and PMI˙- bands in the fs-TA spectra. Further analysis of fs-TA data revealed that, among the other multichromophores the trimer also exhibits a clear charge separation, whereas SB-CS signatures are less prominent, but can not be completely disregarded, for the meta- and para-dimers. Additionally, the charge separation dynamics of those above-mentioned PMI derivatives are devoid of a kinetically favorable excimer or triplet formation. The evidence of a profound charge transfer phenomenon in the ortho-dimer is characterized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on excited state electronic structures. The excitonic communications in the excited state electronic arrangements unravel the key role of dihedral twisting in SB-CS. The thermodynamic feasibility of CS (ΔGCS) and activation barrier (ΔG≠) of the derivatives in DMF are established from the Rehm-Weller equation and Marcus's theory, respectively. This work is an in-depth study of the effect of mutual orientation of PMIs and regioisomerism in determining sustainable guidelines for using SB-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Yogita Silori
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Arijit K De
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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27
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Deshmukh AP, Zheng W, Chuang C, Bailey AD, Williams JA, Sletten EM, Egelman EH, Caram JR. Near-atomic-resolution structure of J-aggregated helical light-harvesting nanotubes. Nat Chem 2024; 16:800-808. [PMID: 38316987 PMCID: PMC11088501 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy has delivered a resolution revolution for biological self-assemblies, yet only a handful of structures have been solved for synthetic supramolecular materials. Particularly for chromophore supramolecular aggregates, high-resolution structures are necessary for understanding and modulating the long-range excitonic coupling. Here, we present a 3.3 Å structure of prototypical biomimetic light-harvesting nanotubes derived from an amphiphilic cyanine dye (C8S3-Cl). Helical 3D reconstruction directly visualizes the chromophore packing that controls the excitonic properties. Our structure clearly shows a brick layer arrangement, revising the previously hypothesized herringbone arrangement. Furthermore, we identify a new non-biological supramolecular motif-interlocking sulfonates-that may be responsible for the slip-stacked packing and J-aggregate nature of the light-harvesting nanotubes. This work shows how independently obtained native-state structures complement photophysical measurements and will enable accurate understanding of (excitonic) structure-function properties, informing materials design for light-harvesting chromophore aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati P Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weili Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chern Chuang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Austin D Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jillian A Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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28
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Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Lest We Forget-The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302259. [PMID: 37086184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals - heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X-ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non-covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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29
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Bhattacharyya A, Das A, Guchhait N. Investigating the Photophysical Aspects of a Naphthalene-Based Excited-State Proton Transfer Dye 1-(1 H-Benzo[ d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ol: pH-Dependent Modulation of Photodynamics. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38687998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The steady state and time-resolved photophysical behavior of a proton transfer dye 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)naphthalen-2-ol (H-BINO) was investigated. The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction in H-BINO is predominant in nonpolar solutions (toluene and DCM) with a lifetime of ∼1.0 ns. However, in polar media (DMF and MeOH), the excited state photodynamics is characterized by a complex equilibrium of emission from the locally excited state (0.1-2.3 ns), the phototautomer (0.5-1.2 ns), and the anionic emission (2.1-5.4 ns). In the solid state, emission from the various aggregated states dictates the photobehavior. Interestingly, the photodynamics in aqueous solution changes starkly as a function of pH with the anionic (2.1 ns) and phototautomeric (0.5-1.0 ns) emissions guiding the photodynamics as the pH of the medium increases. Optimized structural parameters at the proton donor and acceptor sites for the enol and keto forms and the calculated potential energy curve along the proton transfer coordinate at the density functional theory (DFT) level with the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) theory support a favorable and barrierless ESIPT process. The current results will surely boost the ongoing research on small molecule emissive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akash Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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30
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Samanta S, Paul P, Chatterjee A, Roy UK, Majumdar T, Mallick A. Critical Assessment of Micellar Surface Charge-Dependent Disaggregation and Reaggregation of a Bis-Indole Self-Aggregate: What Should Be Our Case-Dependent Choice? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8961-8970. [PMID: 38619566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
"Aggregation-caused quenching" is a deep-seated mechanism and has been widely used by the researchers as the possible basis for new sensor development. Contrast to aggregation, its turn around process, disaggregation, has gained much less consideration so far. Unfortunately, study of the further scope for reaggregation of the disaggregated probe assembly in the same solution, as and when required, is still under the rare category. The central theme of the current study is focused on this aspect. For this purpose, the effects of headgroup charge (cationic, anionic, and nonionic) and polarity of the micelles on the degree of disaggregation and subsequent emission amelioration of a synthesized bis-indole derivative, 3,3'-bisindolyl(phenyl)methane (BIPM), are studied using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. The relative emission yield of BIPM (φf = 0.01) is significantly enhanced in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (φf = 0.21) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (φf = 0.24), whereas comparatively less emission enhancement is recorded within the sodium dodecyl sulfate system (φf = 0.07). In contrast, addition of an external biophilic agent, uric acid, causes requenching of the enhanced emission because of the reaggregation of the disaggregated probes. Detailed microscopic and calorimetric studies are also adopted to investigate the disaggregation-reaggregation mechanism of BIPM associations. The study will provide prior insights about the use of suitable micellar systems for the required degree of disaggregation as well as for the modulation of emission efficiency by controlled tuning of the disaggregation-reaggregation equilibrium for similar probe associations in pure aqueous medium avoiding any chemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Provakar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Arunavo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Ujjal Kanti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal 713340, India
| | - Tapas Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Arabinda Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal 713340, India
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31
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Wang K, Xu Y, Xie X, Ma H. Theoretical investigation of distal charge separation in a perylenediimide trimer. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164303. [PMID: 38647303 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An exciton-phonon (ex-ph) model based on our recently developed block interaction product basis framework is introduced to simulate the distal charge separation (CS) process in aggregated perylenediimide (PDI) trimer incorporating the quantum dynamic method, i.e., the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. The electronic Hamiltonian in the ex-ph model is represented by nine constructed diabatic states, which include three local excited (LE) states and six charge transfer (CT) states from both the neighboring and distal chromophores. These diabatic states are automatically generated from the direct products of the leading localized neutral or ionic states of each chromophore's reduced density matrix, which are obtained from ab initio quantum chemical calculation of the subsystem consisting of the targeted chromophore and its nearest neighbors, thus considering the interaction of the adjacent environment. In order to quantum-dynamically simulate the distal CS process with massive coupled vibrational modes in molecular aggregates, we used our recently proposed hierarchical mapping approach to renormalize these modes and truncate those vibrational modes that are not effectively coupled with electronic states accordingly. The simulation result demonstrates that the formation of the distal CS process undergoes an intermediate state of adjacent CT, i.e., starts from the LE states, passes through an adjacent CT state to generate the intermediates (∼200 fs), and then formalizes the targeted distal CS via further charge transference (∼1 ps). This finding agrees well with the results observed in the experiment, indicating that our scheme is capable of quantitatively investigating the CS process in a realistic aggregated PDI trimer and can also be potentially applied to exploring CS and other photoinduced processes in larger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yihe Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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32
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Rode AJ, Arpin PC, Turner DB. Theoretical model of femtosecond coherence spectroscopy of vibronic excitons in molecular aggregates. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164101. [PMID: 38647298 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
When used as pump pulses in transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, femtosecond laser pulses can produce oscillatory signals known as quantum beats. The quantum beats arise from coherent superpositions of the states of the sample and are best studied in the Fourier domain using Femtosecond Coherence Spectroscopy (FCS), which consists of one-dimensional amplitude and phase plots of a specified oscillation frequency as a function of the detection frequency. Prior works have shown ubiquitous amplitude nodes and π phase shifts in FCS from excited-state vibrational wavepackets in monomer samples. However, the FCS arising from vibronic-exciton states in molecular aggregates have not been studied theoretically. Here, we use a model of vibronic-exciton states in molecular dimers based on displaced harmonic oscillators to simulate FCS for dimers in two important cases. Simulations reveal distinct spectral signatures of excited-state vibronic-exciton coherences in molecular dimers that may be used to distinguish them from monomer vibrational coherences. A salient result is that, for certain relative orientations of the transition dipoles, the key resonance condition between the electronic coupling and the frequency of the vibrational mode may yield strong enhancement of the quantum-beat amplitude and, perhaps, also cause a significant decrease of the oscillation frequency to a value far lower than the vibrational frequency. Future studies using these results will lead to new insights into the excited-state coherences generated in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Rode
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Paul C Arpin
- Department of Physics, California State University, Chico, Chico, California 95929, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
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Wu S, Zhang W, Li C, Ni Z, Chen W, Gai L, Tian J, Guo Z, Lu H. Rational design of CT-coupled J-aggregation platform based on Aza-BODIPY for highly efficient phototherapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5973-5979. [PMID: 38665518 PMCID: PMC11040637 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular engineering is exceptionally appealing in the design of functional materials, and J-aggregates resulting from noncovalent interactions offer intriguing features. However, building J-aggregation platforms remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report 3,5-dithienyl Aza-BODIPYs with a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) architecture as the first charge transfer (CT)-coupled J-aggregation BODIPY-type platform. The core acceptor moieties in one molecule interact with donor units in neighboring molecules to generate slip-stacked packing motifs, resulting in CT-coupled J-aggregation with a redshifted wavelength up to 886 nm and an absorption tail over 1100 nm. The J-aggregates show significant photoacoustic signals and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 66%. The results obtained in vivo show that the J-aggregates have the potential to be used for tumor photothermal ablation and photoacoustic imaging. This study not only demonstrates Aza-BODIPY with D-A-D as a novel CT-coupled J-aggregation platform for NIR phototherapy materials but also motivates further study on the design of J-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Wenze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Ni
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hua Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
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Bayat M, Mardani H, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Hoogenboom R. Self-indicating polymers: a pathway to intelligent materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4045-4085. [PMID: 38449438 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-indicating polymers have emerged as a promising class of smart materials that possess the unique ability to undergo detectable variations in their physical or chemical properties in response to various stimuli. This article presents an overview of the most important mechanisms through which these materials exhibit self-indication, including aggregation, phase transition, covalent and non-covalent bond cleavage, isomerization, charge transfer, and energy transfer. Aggregation is a prevalent mechanism observed in self-indicating polymers, where changes in the degree of molecular organization result in variations in optical or electrical properties. Phase transition-induced self-indication relies on the transformation between different phases, such as liquid-to-solid or crystalline-to-amorphous transitions, leading to observable changes in color or conductivity. Covalent bond cleavage-based self-indicating polymers undergo controlled degradation or fragmentation upon exposure to specific triggers, resulting in noticeable variations in their structural or mechanical properties. Isomerization is another crucial mechanism exploited in self-indicating polymers, where the reversible transformation between the different isomeric forms induces detectable changes in fluorescence or absorption spectra. Charge transfer-based self-indicating polymers rely on the modulation of electron or hole transfer within the polymer backbone, manifesting as changes in electrical conductivity or redox properties. Energy transfer is an essential mechanism utilized by certain self-indicating polymers, where energy transfer between chromophores or fluorophores leads to variations in the emission characteristics. Furthermore, this review article highlights the diverse range of applications for self-indicating polymers. These materials find particular use in sensing and monitoring applications, where their responsive nature enables them to act as sensors for specific analytes, environmental parameters, or mechanical stress. Self-indicating polymers have also been used in the development of smart materials, including stimuli-responsive coatings, drug delivery systems, food sensors, wearable devices, and molecular switches. The unique combination of tunable properties and responsiveness makes self-indicating polymers highly promising for future advancements in the fields of biotechnology, materials science, and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Mardani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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Wei C, Li L, Zheng Y, Wang L, Ma J, Xu M, Lin J, Xie L, Naumov P, Ding X, Feng Q, Huang W. Flexible molecular crystals for optoelectronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3687-3713. [PMID: 38411997 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The cornerstones of the advancement of flexible optoelectronics are the design, preparation, and utilization of novel materials with favorable mechanical and advanced optoelectronic properties. Molecular crystalline materials have emerged as a class of underexplored yet promising materials due to the reduced grain boundaries and defects anticipated to provide enhanced photoelectric characteristics. An inherent drawback that has precluded wider implementation of molecular crystals thus far, however, has been their brittleness, which renders them incapable of ensuring mechanical compliance required for even simple elastic or plastic deformation of the device. It is perplexing that despite a plethora of reports that have in the meantime become available underpinning the flexibility of molecular crystals, the "discovery" of elastically or plastically deformable crystals remains limited to cases of serendipitous and laborious trial-and-error approaches, a situation that calls for a systematic and thorough assessment of these properties and their correlation with the structure. This review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the current understanding of the origins of crystal flexibility, the working mechanisms of deformations such as plastic and elastic bending behaviors, and insights into the examples of flexible molecular crystals, specifically concerning photoelectronic changes that occur in deformed crystals. We hope this summary will provide a reference for future experimental and computational efforts with flexible molecular crystals aimed towards improving their mechanical behavior and optoelectronic properties, ultimately intending to advance the flexible optoelectronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jingyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Quanyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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36
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Röttger SH, Patalag LJ, Hasenmaile F, Milbrandt L, Butschke B, Jones PG, Werz DB. Linear Amine-Linked Oligo-BODIPYs: Convergent Access via Buchwald-Hartwig Coupling. Org Lett 2024; 26:3020-3025. [PMID: 38564714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A convergent route toward nitrogen-bridged BODIPY oligomers has been developed. The synthetic key step is a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction of an α-amino-BODIPY and the respective halide. Not only does the selective synthesis provide control of the oligomer size, but the facile preparative procedure also enables easy access to these types of dyes. Furthermore, functionalized examples were accessible via brominated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian H Röttger
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lukas J Patalag
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Hasenmaile
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lukas Milbrandt
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT and Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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37
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Wu W, Scholes GD. Foundations of Quantum Information for Physical Chemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4056-4069. [PMID: 38587240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Quantum information, a field in which great advances have been made in the past decades, now presents opportunities for advanced chemistry. One roadblock to progress, especially for experimental chemical science, is that new concepts and technical definitions need to be learned. In this paper, we review some basic, but sometimes misunderstood, concepts of quantum information based on the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics that will be useful for chemists interested in discovering ways that chemistry can contribute to the quantum information field. We cover topics including qubits and their density matrix formalism, quantum measurement as a quantum operation, information theory, and entanglement. We focus on the difference between the concepts in the quantum context and the classic context. We also discuss the relation and distinction among entanglement, correlation, and coherence. We aim to clarify the rigorous definition of these concepts and then indicate some examples in physical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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38
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Su F, Hong Y, Zhang G, Wu K, Kim J, Chen Z, Zhang HJ, Kim D, Lin J. Two-dimensional radial-π-stacks in solution. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5604-5611. [PMID: 38638221 PMCID: PMC11023034 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly organized π-aggregate architectures can strongly affect electronic couplings, leading to important photophysical behaviors. With the escalating interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials attributed to their exceptional electronic and optical characteristics, there is growing anticipation that 2D radial-π-stacks built upon radial π-conjugation nanorings, incorporating intra- and inter-ring electronic couplings within the confines of a 2D plane, will exhibit superior topological attributes and distinct properties. Despite their immense potential, the design and synthesis of 2D π-stacks have proven to be a formidable challenge due to the insufficient π-π interactions necessary for stable stacking. In this study, we present the successful preparation of single-layer 2D radial-π-stacks in a solution. Pillar-shaped radially π-conjugated [4]cyclo-naphthodithiophene diimide ([4]C-NDTIs) molecules were tetragonally arranged via in-plane intermolecular π-π interactions. These 2D π-stacks have a unique topology that differs from that of conventional 1D π-stacks and exhibit notable properties, such as acting as a 2D template capable of absorbing C60 guest molecules and facilitating the formation of 2D radial-π-stacks comprising [4]C-NDTI-C60 complexes, rapid exciton delocalization across the 2D plane, and efficient excitation energy funneling towards a trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Guilan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Kongchuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Division of Energy Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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39
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Hubenko K, Kusber A, Naumann M, Büchner B, Knupfer M. Evolution of the pentacene exciton band width in pentacene-tetracene blends. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144708. [PMID: 38597316 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pentacene is one of the most investigated organic semiconductors. It is well known that the motion of excitons in pentacene and other organic semiconductors is determined by inter-molecular exciton coupling based on charge-transfer processes. In the present study, we demonstrate the impact of the admixture of tetracene, which has a larger band gap and interrupts the pentacene-pentacene interaction, on the exciton behavior in pentacene. Using a combination of optical absorption and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we show that both the Davydov splitting and the exciton band width in pentacene strongly decrease with increasing tetracene concentration, while the decrease of the exciton band width is substantially larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Hubenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtz Str. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Scintillation Materials National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anncharlott Kusber
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtz Str. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Naumann
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtz Str. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtz Str. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Knupfer
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtz Str. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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40
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Citty B, Lynd JK, Gera T, Varvelo L, Raccah DIGB. MesoHOPS: Size-invariant scaling calculations of multi-excitation open quantum systems. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144118. [PMID: 38619062 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoexcitation dynamics of molecular materials on the 10-100 nm length scale depend on complex interactions between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom, rendering exact calculations difficult or intractable. The adaptive Hierarchy of Pure States (adHOPS) is a formally exact method that leverages the locality imposed by interactions between thermal environments and electronic excitations to achieve size-invariant scaling calculations for single-excitation processes in systems described by a Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian. Here, we extend adHOPS to account for arbitrary couplings between thermal environments and vertical excitation energies, enabling formally exact, size-invariant calculations that involve multiple excitations or states with shared thermal environments. In addition, we introduce a low-temperature correction and an effective integration of the noise to reduce the computational expense of including ultrafast vibrational relaxation in Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS) simulations. We present these advances in the latest version of the open-source MesoHOPS library and use MesoHOPS to characterize charge separation at a one-dimensional organic heterojunction when both the electron and hole are mobile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Citty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jacob K Lynd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Tarun Gera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Leonel Varvelo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750314 Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
| | - Doran I G B Raccah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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41
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Pompetti N, Smyser KE, Feingold B, Owens R, Lama B, Sharma S, Damrauer NH, Johnson JC. Tetracene Diacid Aggregates for Directing Energy Flow toward Triplet Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38606884 PMCID: PMC11046478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the solution-phase photophysics of tetracene bis-carboxylic acid [5,12-tetracenepropiolic acid (Tc-DA)] and its related methyl ester [5,12-tetracenepropynoate (Tc-DE)], a non-hydrogen-bonding counterpart, reveals the role of the carboxylic acid moiety in driving molecular aggregation and concomitant excited-state behavior. Low-concentration solutions of Tc-DA exhibit similar properties to the popular 5,12-bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynl)tetracene, but as the concentration increases, evidence for aggregates that form excimers and a new mixed-state species with charge-transfer (CT) and correlated triplet pair (TT) character is revealed by transient absorption and fluorescence experiments. Aggregates of Tc-DA evolve further with concentration toward an additional phase that is dominated by the mixed CT/TT state which is the only state present in Tc-DE aggregates and can be modulated with the solvent polarity. Computational modeling finds that cofacial arrangement of Tc-DA and Tc-DE subunits is the most stable aggregate structure and this agrees with results from 1H NMR spectroscopy. The calculated spectra of these cofacial dimers replicate the observed broadening in ground-state absorption as well as accurately predict the formation of a near-UV transition associated with a CT between molecular subunits that is unique to the specific aggregate structure. Taken together, the results suggest that the hydrogen bonding between Tc-DA molecules and the associated disruption of hydrogen bonding with solvent produce a regime of dimer-like behavior, absent in Tc-DE, that favors excimers rather than CT/TT mixed states. The control of aggregate size and structure using distinct functional groups, solute concentration, and solvent in tetracene promises new avenues for its use in light-harvesting schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
F. Pompetti
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kori E. Smyser
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Raythe Owens
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bimala Lama
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Niels H. Damrauer
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
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42
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Kang S, Choi W, Ahn J, Kim T, Oh JH, Kim D. Impact of Packing Geometry on Excimer Characteristics and Mobility in Perylene Bisimide Polycrystalline Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18134-18143. [PMID: 38554079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Efficient exciton transport is essential for high-performance optoelectronics. Considerable efforts have been focused on improving the exciton mobility in organic materials. While it is feasible to improve mobility in organic systems by forming well-ordered stacks, the formation of trap states, particularly the lower-lying states referred to as excimers, remains a significant challenge to enhancing mobility. The mobility of excimer excitons intricately depends on the strength of excitonic coupling in terms of Förster-type diffusive exciton transfer processes. Given that the formation and mobility of excimer excitons are highly sensitive to molecular arrangements (packing geometries), conducting comprehensive investigations into the structure-property relationship in organic systems is crucial. In this study, we prepared three types of polycrystalline films of perylene bisimide (PBI) by varying substituents at the imide and bay positions, which allowed us to tailor the properties of excimer excitons and their mobility based on packing geometries and excitonic coupling strengths. By utilizing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we observed ultrafast excimer formation in the higher coupling regime, while in the lower coupling regime, the transition from Frenkel to excimer excitons occurs with a time constant of 500 fs. Under high pump-fluence, exciton-exciton annihilation processes occur, indicating the diffusion of excimer excitons. Intriguingly, employing a three-dimensional diffusion model, we derived a diffusion constant that is 3000 times greater in the high coupling regime than in the low coupling regime. To investigate the optoelectronic properties in the form of a bulk system, we fabricated n-type organic field effect transistors and obtained 8000 times higher mobility in the high coupling regime. Furthermore, photocurrent measurements enable us to investigate the charge carrier transport by mobile excimer excitons, suggesting a 230-fold improvement in external quantum efficiency with tightly packing PBI molecules compared to the low coupling regime. These findings not only offer valuable insights into optimizing organic materials for optoelectronic devices but also unveil the intriguing potential of exciton migration within excimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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43
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Salter LC, Wojciechowski JP, McLean B, Charchar P, Barnes PRF, Creamer A, Doutch J, Barriga HMG, Holme MN, Yarovsky I, Stevens MM. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Hydrogels: Relating Structure and Charge Transport in Supramolecular Gels. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:3092-3106. [PMID: 38617802 PMCID: PMC11007859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Ionic charge transport is a ubiquitous language of communication in biological systems. As such, bioengineering is in constant need of innovative, soft, and biocompatible materials that facilitate ionic conduction. Low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are complex self-assembled materials that have received increasing attention in recent years. Beyond their biocompatible, self-healing, and stimuli responsive facets, LMWGs can be viewed as a "solid" electrolyte solution. In this work, we investigate 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as a capping group for a small peptide library, which we use as a system to understand the relationship between modes of assembly and charge transport in supramolecular gels. Through a combination of techniques including small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), NMR-based Van't Hoff analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), rheology, four-point probe, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we found that modifications to the peptide sequence result in distinct assembly pathways, thermodynamic parameters, mechanical properties, and ionic conductivities. Four-point probe conductivity measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggest that ionic conductivity is approximately doubled by programmable gel assemblies with hollow cylinder morphologies relative to gels containing solid fibers or a control electrolyte. More broadly, it is hoped this work will serve as a platform for those working on charge transport of aqueous soft materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C.
B. Salter
- Department
of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Wojciechowski
- Department
of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ben McLean
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- ARC
Research Hub for Australian Steel Innovation, https://www.rmit.edu.au/research/centres-collaborations/multi-partner-collaborations/arc-research-hub-aus-steel-manufacturing
| | - Patrick Charchar
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Piers R. F. Barnes
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Adam Creamer
- Department
of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS
Muon and Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna M. G. Barriga
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret N. Holme
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Department of Engineering Science,
and Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, OX1
3QU, Oxford, United Kingdom
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44
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Hun Seo Y, Elizabeth Aguilar Estrada D, Jang D, Baik S, Lee J, Ha Kim D, Kim S. Aggregation-induced emission carbon dots as Al 3+-mediated nanoaggregate probe for rapid and selective detection of tetracycline. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123925. [PMID: 38262297 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide abuse of tetracycline (TC) seriously threatens environmental safety and human health. Metal-TC complexes formed by residual TC in the environment can also contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, monitoring of TC residues is still required. Here, we report novel aggregation-induced emission carbon dots (AIE-Cdots) as nanoaggregate probes for the rapid and selective detection of TC residue. Riboflavin precursors with rotational functional groups led to the development of AIE-Cdots. The aggregation of AIE-Cdots was induced selectively for Al3+, amplifying the fluorescence signals owing to the restricted rotation of the side chains on the AIE-Cdot surface. The fluorescence signal of such Al3+-mediated nanoaggregates (Al3+-NAs) was further triggered by the structural fixation of TC at the Al3+ active sites, suggesting the formation of TC-coordinated Al3+-NAs. A linear correlation was observed in the TC concentration range of 0-10 μM with a detection limit of 42 nM. In addition, the strong Al3+ binding affinity of AIE-Cdots produced similar NAs and enhanced fluorescence signals in Al3+-TC mixtures. These AIE-Cdots-based nanoplatforms have a rapid response, good selectivity, and reliable accuracy for detecting TC or aluminum complexes, meeting the requirements for hazardous substance monitoring and removal in environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Seo
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
| | | | - Dohyub Jang
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyun Baik
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Basic Sciences Research Institute (Priority Research Institute), Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Nanobio Energy Materials Center (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center), Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Petropoulos V, Mavridi-Printezi A, Menichetti A, Mordini D, Kabacinski P, Gianneschi NC, Montalti M, Maiuri M, Cerullo G. Sub-50 fs Formation of Charge Transfer States Rules the Fate of Photoexcitations in Eumelanin-Like Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3639-3645. [PMID: 38530860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Eumelanins play a crucial role as photoprotective agents for living organisms, yet the nature of the stationary and transient species involved in the light absorption and deactivation processes remains controversial. Moreover, the critical sub-100 fs time scale, which is key to the characterization of the primary excited species, has remained unexplored. Here, we study the eumelanin analogue polydopamine (PDA) and employ a combination of steady-state and transient optical spectroscopies to reveal the presence of spectrally broad coupled electronic transitions with, at least partial, charge-transfer (CT) character. We monitor the CT state dynamics using tunable sub-20 fs pulses. We find that high photon energy excitation results in accelerated (sub-20 fs) CT formation times while activating pathways, which lead to long-lived (≫1 ns), possibly reactive CT species. On the other hand, visible light excitation results in a slower (≈45 fs) formation of bound CT states, which, however, recombine on the ultrafast sub-2 ps time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Mordini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Piotr Kabacinski
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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46
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Qiao R, Li J, Liu X, Li M, Lei D, Li Y, Wu K, Du P, Ye K, Hu J. Coupling effect of key factors on ecosystem services in border areas: a study of the Pu'er region, Southwestern China. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17015. [PMID: 38529305 PMCID: PMC10962348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The coupling effects created by transboundary and local factors on ecosystem services are often difficult to determine. This poses great challenges for ecosystem protection and management in border areas. To decrease uncertainty, it is crucial to quantify and spatialize the impact multiple factors have on ecosystem services within different scenarios. In this study, we identified key transboundary and local factors from a set of 15 sorted factors related to four main ecosystem services. We employed a Bayesian Network-Geographic Information System (BN-GIS) model to simulate 90 scenarios with multiple factors combinations, quantifying and spatializing the coupling effects on the main ecosystem services. These simulations were conducted in the Pu'er region, which is situated alongside three countries, and serves as a representative border area in southwest China. The results showed that: (1) The coupling effects of multiple factors yield significant variations when combined in different scenarios. Managers can optimize ecosystem services by strategically regulating factors within specific areas through the acquisition of various probabilistic distributions and combinations of key factors in positive coupling effect scenarios. The outcome is a positive coupling effect. (2) Among the four main ecosystem services in the Pu'er region, food availability and biodiversity were affected by key transboundary and local factors. This suggests that the coupling of transboundary and local factors is more likely to have a significant impact on these two ecosystem services. Of the 45 combination scenarios on food availability, the majority exhibit a negative coupling effect. In contrast, among the 45 combination scenarios on biodiversity, most scenarios have a positive coupling effect. This indicates that food availability is at a higher risk of being influenced by the coupling effects of multiple factors, while biodiversity faces a lower risk. (3) Transboundary pests & diseases, application of pesticides, fertilizer & filming , population density, and land use were the key factors affecting food availability. Bio-invasion, the normalized differential vegetation index, precipitation, and the landscape contagion index were the key factors affecting biodiversity. In this case, focusing on preventing transboundary factors such as transboundary pests & disease and bio-invasion should be the goal. (4) Attention should also be paid to the conditions under which these transboundary factors combine with local factors. In the areas where these negative coupling effects occur, enhanced monitoring of both transboundary and local factors is essential to prevent adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Qiao
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongmei Lei
- Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Yungang Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengbo Du
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Ye
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Asian International Rivers Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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47
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Chen Z, Guo C, Wang L, Chen C, Cai J, Liu C, Gan Z, Sun Y, Zhou J, Zhou J, Liu D, Wang T, Li W. Electrostatic Potential Design of Solid Additives for Enhanced Molecular Order of Polymer Donor in Efficient Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401050. [PMID: 38511580 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric semiconducting materials struggle to achieve fast charge mobility due to low structural order. In this work, five 1H-indene-1,3(2H)dione-benzene structured halogenated solid additives namely INB-5F, INB-3F, INB-1F, INB-1Cl, and INB-1Br with gradually varied electrostatic potential are designed and utilized to regulate the structural order of polymer donor PM6. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that although the dione unit of these additives tends to adsorb on the backbone of PM6, the reduced electrostatic potential of the halogen-substituted benzene can shift the benzene interacting site from alkyl side chains to the conjugated backbone of PM6, not only leading to enhanced π-π stacking in out-of-plane but also arising new π-π stacking in in-plane together with the appearance of multiple backbone stacking in out-of-plane, consequent to the co-existence of face-on and edge-on molecular orientations. This molecular packing transformation further translates to enhanced charge transport and suppressed carrier recombination in their photovoltaics, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.4% received in PM6/L8-BO layer-by-layer deposited organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinlong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuandong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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48
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Zhang Y, Oberg CP, Hu Y, Xu H, Yan M, Scholes GD, Wang M. Molecular and Supramolecular Materials: From Light-Harvesting to Quantum Information Science and Technology. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3294-3316. [PMID: 38497707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed immense advances in quantum information technology (QIT), benefited by advances in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science and engineering. It is intriguing to consider whether these diverse molecular and supramolecular structures and materials, partially inspired by quantum effects as observed in sophisticated biological systems such as light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis and the magnetic compass of migratory birds, might play a role in future QIT. If so, how? Herein, we review materials and specify the relationship between structures and quantum properties, and we identify the challenges and limitations that have restricted the intersection of QIT and chemical materials. Examples are broken down into two categories: materials for quantum sensing where nonclassical function is observed on the molecular scale and systems where nonclassical phenomena are present due to intermolecular interactions. We discuss challenges for materials chemistry and make comparisons to related systems found in nature. We conclude that if chemical materials become relevant for QIT, they will enable quite new kinds of properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Catrina P Oberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongxue Xu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Mengwen Yan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
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49
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Mahadevan S, Liu T, Pratik SM, Li Y, Ho HY, Ouyang S, Lu X, Yip HL, Chow PCY, Brédas JL, Coropceanu V, So SK, Tsang SW. Assessing intra- and inter-molecular charge transfer excitations in non-fullerene acceptors using electroabsorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2393. [PMID: 38493131 PMCID: PMC10944474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells using Y6 non-fullerene acceptors have recently achieved high efficiency, and it was suggested to be attributed to the charge-transfer (CT) nature of the excitations in Y6 aggregates. Here, by combining electroabsorption spectroscopy measurements and electronic-structure calculations, we find that the charge-transfer character already exists in isolated Y6 molecules but is strongly increased when there is molecular aggregation. Surprisingly, it is found that the large enhanced charge transfer in clustered Y6 molecules is not due to an increase in excited-state dipole moment, Δμ, as observed in other organic systems, but due to a reduced polarizability change, Δp. It is proposed that such a strong charge-transfer character is promoted by the stabilization of the charge-transfer energy upon aggregation, as deduced from density functional theory and four-state model calculations. This work provides insight into the correlation between molecular electronic properties and charge-transfer characteristics in organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhi Mahadevan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Taili Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Saied Md Pratik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0041, USA
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hang Yuen Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shanchao Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0041, USA
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0041, USA
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Carta A, Wittmann B, Kreger K, Schmidt HW, Jansen TLC, Hildner R. Spatial Correlations Drive Long-Range Transport and Trapping of Excitons in Single H-Aggregates: Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2697-2707. [PMID: 38427597 PMCID: PMC10946646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Describing long-range energy transport is a crucial step, both toward deepening our knowledge on natural light-harvesting systems and toward developing novel photoactive materials. Here, we combine experiment and theory to resolve and reproduce energy transport on pico- to nanosecond time scales in single H-type supramolecular nanofibers based on carbonyl-bridged triarylamines (CBT). Each nanofiber shows energy transport dynamics over long distances up to ∼1 μm, despite exciton trapping at specific positions along the nanofibers. Using a minimal Frenkel exciton model including disorder, we demonstrate that spatial correlations in the normally distributed site energies are crucial to reproduce the experimental data. In particular, we can observe the long-range and subdiffusive nature of the exciton dynamics as well as the trapping behavior of excitons in specific locations of the nanofiber. This trapping behavior introduces a net directionality or asymmetry in the exciton dynamics as observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Carta
- Materials
Theory, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wittmann
- Spectroscopy
of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hildner
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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