1
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Luo Q, Tian S, Qiang Q, Song F, Su W, He H, An Q, Li C. Copper-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage coupling with CN bond formation toward mild synthesis of lignin-based benzonitriles. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 151:505-515. [PMID: 39481956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
N-participated lignin depolymerization is of great importance for the transformation of waste lignin into value-added chemicals. The vast majority of developed strategies employ organic amines as nitrogen source, and considerable methods rely on excessive use of strong base, which suffers severe environmental issues. Herein, benzonitrile derivatives are synthesized from oxidized lignin β-O-4 model compounds in the presence of solid nitrogen source (NH4)2CO3 under mild, base-free conditions over commercially available copper catalyst. Mechanism studies suggest the transformation undergoes a one-pot, highly coupled cascade reaction path involving oxidative C-C bond cleavage and in-situ formation of CN bond. Of which, Cu(OAc)2 catalyzes the transfer of hydrogen from Cβ (Cβ-H) to Cα, leading to the cleavage of Cα-Cβ bonds to offer benzaldehyde derivative, this intermediate then reacts in-situ with (NH4)2CO3 to afford the targeted aromatic nitrile product. Tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), acting as a promoter, plays a key role in breaking the Cα-Cβ bonds to form the intermediate benzaldehyde derivative. With this protocol, the feasibility of the production of value-added syringonitrile from birchwood lignin has been demonstrated. This transformation provides a sustainable approach to benzonitrile chemicals from renewable source of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shenglong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qian Qiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Song
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wentao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingda An
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Changzhi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Feng N, Hu J, Zhao X, Chen J, Tang F, Liang S, Zhu X, Yang X, Yang H, Wu Q. Lignin nanoparticles formation by multiscale structure control to regulate morphology and their adsorption, nucleation, and growth on chitin nanofibers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 677:918-927. [PMID: 39128286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) synthesis relies on lignin polymers with heterogeneous molecules and properties, which impose significant limitations on the preparation and property regulation. The multiscale structure of lignin from monomers to oligomers, provides a potential pathway for precise regulation of its physical and chemical properties. The study addresses this challenge by employing coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol as monomers and separately utilizing the Zulaufverfaren (ZL) and Zutropfverfaren (ZT) methods to synthesize different types of lignin dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) including guaiacyl (G)-ZL-DHP, G-ZT-DHP, syringyl (S)-ZL-DHP, and S-ZT-DHP. The investigation highlights the chemical bonds as essential components of lignin primary structure. Additionally, the secondary structure is influenced by branched and linear molecular structures. G unit provides some branching points, which are utilized and amplified in the ZL process of DHPs synthesis. The branched DHPs aggregate at the edge and form rod-like LNPs. While linear DHPs aggregate around the center, presenting polygonal LNPs. The study identifies that the branched LNPs, characterized by more surface charges and lower steric hindrance, can form a stable complex with chitin nanofibers. Emulsions with varying oil-to-water ratios were subsequently prepared, opening a new window for the application of LNPs in fields such as food and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjie Feng
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jingqian Chen
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fei Tang
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhu
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; School of Life Sciences and Health, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
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3
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Qiang Q, Luo Q, Wang H, Tian S, Su W, He H, Yang H, Li C, Zhang T. One-Pot Production of Cinnamonitriles from Lignin β-O-4 Segments Induced by Selective Oxidation of the γ-OH Group. J Org Chem 2024; 89:18424-18435. [PMID: 39655613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
The construction of N-containing aromatic compounds from lignin is of great importance to expanding the boundary of the biorefinery and meeting the demand for value-added biorefinery. However, it remains a huge challenge due to the complex lignin structure and the incompatible catalysis for C-O/C-C bond cleavage and C-N formation. Herein, sustainable synthesis of cinnamonitrile derivatives from lignin β-O-4 model compounds in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO), (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (BAIB), and a strong base has been achieved in a one-pot, two-step fashion under transition-metal-free conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that this transformation starts from selective oxidation of Cγ-OH of the β-O-4 model compound, followed by retro-aldol condensation, resulting in the cleavage of the Cα-Cβ bond to afford veratraldehyde. Whereafter, the aldol condensation reaction allows coupling of veratraldehyde with nitriles to provide cinnamonitriles. With this protocol, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamonitrile and 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-2-phenylacrylonitrile were synthesized from lignin β-O-4 model compounds and showed good antibacterial or antifungal activity, showcasing the application potential of lignin in pharmaceutical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shenglong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wentao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huamei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Changzhi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Sypalova YA, Belesov AV, Grishanovich IA, Repina VI, Chukhchin DG, Kozhevnikov AY. Comprehensive characterization of lignins in the context of their valorization: A combination of NMR/2D-COS IR spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:138952. [PMID: 39708862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
The widespread development of lignin valorization is hindered by a number of challenges. In particular, efficient valorization necessitates comprehensive characterization of initial lignins. In this work, the structural features of lignins from birch wood (Bétula péndula), obtained by various methods of hard and mild fractionation of biomass: hydrolysis (Hyd-L), kraft (Kraft-L), soda (Soda-L), and soda-ethanol (SodaEt-L) processes, as well as organosolv processes with dioxane (MWL, DL) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-L) have been comprehensively studied. The main novelty of this study is the first-time application of Two-Dimensional Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy (2D-COS IR) for rapidly and comprehensively assessing structural transformations of lignins, in combination with 31P NMR. It has been established that changing delignification conditions primarily affects the processes of demethoxylation, dehydration and polymerization/condensation of lignin, and then the breaking of lignin-carbohydrates linkages. An approach to evaluating the potential of different types of lignin for valorization (valorization index), based on their structural characteristics, has been proposed. The applied approach allowed for the arrangement of the studied lignins in order of decreasing valorization index: DMSO-L, MWL, DL, SodaEt-L, Soda-L, Kraft-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A Sypalova
- Core Facility Center "Arktika" Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| | - Artyom V Belesov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika" Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| | - Ilya A Grishanovich
- Core Facility Center "Arktika" Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| | - Valeria I Repina
- Core Facility Center "Arktika" Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Dmitry G Chukhchin
- Core Facility Center "Arktika" Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| | - Aleksandr Yu Kozhevnikov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika" Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
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5
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Nishio H, Miura H, Shishido T. Low-Temperature Borylation of C(sp 3)-O Bonds of Alkyl Ethers by Gold-Metal Oxide Cooperative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:34690-34701. [PMID: 39630121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Since ether moieties are often found not only in petrochemical products but also in natural organic molecules, the development of methods for manipulating C-O bonds of ethers is important for expanding the range of compound libraries synthesized from biomass resources, which should contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality. We report herein that gold nanoparticles supported on Lewis acidic metal oxides, namely α-Fe2O3, showed excellent catalytic activity for the reaction of dialkyl ethers and diborons, which enables the conversion of unactivated C(sp3)-O bonds to C(sp3)-B bonds at around room temperature. Various acyclic and cyclic ethers as well as a series of diborons participated in the heterogeneous gold-catalyzed borylation of unactivated C(sp3)-O bonds, to give a series of alkylboronates in high yields. Mechanistic studies corroborated that the present borylation of C(sp3)-O bonds of dialkyl ethers proceeded at the interface between gold nanoparticles and Lewis acidic metal oxides. Furthermore, adsorption IR measurements supported the notion that strong Lewis acid sites were generated at the boron atom of diborons adsorbed at the interface between Lewis acidic metal oxides and gold nanoparticles, which enabled us to ensure that the cooperation of gold nanoparticles and Lewis acidic metal oxides was responsible for the efficient transformation of unactivated C(sp3)-O bonds in ethers under mild conditions. This novel reaction technology which is specific to heterogeneous catalysts enables the activation of stable C(sp3)-O bonds of oxygenated chemical feedstock, which is beneficial for the sustainable synthesis of value-added organoboron compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Nishio
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-Osawa, Hachioji 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-Osawa, Hachioji 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-Based Society, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-Osawa, Hachioji 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shishido
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-Osawa, Hachioji 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-Based Society, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-Osawa, Hachioji 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Dunås P, Paterson AJ, Lewis SE, Kann N. Carbon-carbon bond formation using aromatics from biomass. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:14885-14895. [PMID: 39611735 PMCID: PMC11606386 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc05664g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
The transition to a circular economy requires that we adapt currently used chemical processes to the structurally diverse and often highly oxygenated precursors that are accessible from biomass. In this review, we highlight different examples of carbon-carbon bond formation using aromatics derived from bio-based sources, reported during 2015-2024. Examples of sustainable biomass building blocks include heterocycles such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural, obtained from carbohydrates, as well as lignin-based aromatics such as vanillin and eugenol. These have subsequently been applied in a variety of different types of carbon-carbon bond formation, including more classical methods such as aldol condensation and Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions, but also employing transition metal catalysis, electrochemistry or photochemistry to create new C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Dunås
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Andrew J Paterson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Convocation Avenue, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- Institute of Sustainability and Climate Change, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nina Kann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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7
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Dolan D, Brucato R, Reid C, Lee AF, Wilson K, Voutchkova-Kostal AM. Selective lignin depolymerization via transfer hydrogenolysis using Pd/hydrotalcite catalysts: model compounds to whole biomass. Chem Sci 2024; 15:20223-20239. [PMID: 39600500 PMCID: PMC11587535 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of lignin ether bonds via transfer hydrogenolysis is a promising route to valorize lignin, thus processes that use mild reaction conditions and exploit renewable hydrogen donor solvents (rather than molecular hydrogen) are economically advantageous. Herein we demonstrate the efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis and tandem decarbonylation of lignin model compounds possessing aromatic ether bonds (α-O-4, β-O-4 and 4-O-5 linkages), over transition metal-modified Pd hydrotalcite catalysts with ethanol as the hydrogen donor and solvent. Quantitative conversions and yields were attained for all model compounds, except for 4-O-5 models, which possess inherently strong sp2 C-O bonds. The latter demonstrates the utility of Pd hydrotalcite catalysts for transfer hydrogenolysis of model compounds. This process was employed to achieve whole pine biomass delignification with 97% yield and a 22% phenolic monomer yield, with 64% selectivity for 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Dolan
- Chemistry Department, The George Washington University 800 22nd St NW Washington D.C. 20910 USA
| | - Rebekah Brucato
- Chemistry Department, The George Washington University 800 22nd St NW Washington D.C. 20910 USA
| | - Christopher Reid
- Chemistry Department, The George Washington University 800 22nd St NW Washington D.C. 20910 USA
| | - Adam F Lee
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Karen Wilson
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Griffith University Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
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8
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Vermeeren B, Van Praet S, Arts W, Narmon T, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Steenackers HP, Sels BF. From sugars to aliphatic amines: as sweet as it sounds? Production and applications of bio-based aliphatic amines. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:11804-11849. [PMID: 39365265 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Aliphatic amines encompass a diverse group of amines that include alkylamines, alkyl polyamines, alkanolamines and aliphatic heterocyclic amines. Their structural diversity and distinctive characteristics position them as indispensable components across multiple industrial domains, ranging from chemistry and technology to agriculture and medicine. Currently, the industrial production of aliphatic amines is facing pressing sustainability, health and safety issues which all arise due to the strong dependency on fossil feedstock. Interestingly, these issues can be fundamentally resolved by shifting toward biomass as the feedstock. In this regard, cellulose and hemicellulose, the carbohydrate fraction of lignocellulose, emerge as promising feedstock for the production of aliphatic amines as they are available in abundance, safe to use and their aliphatic backbone is susceptible to chemical transformations. Consequently, the academic interest in bio-based aliphatic amines via the catalytic reductive amination of (hemi)cellulose-derived substrates has systematically increased over the past years. From an industrial perspective, however, the production of bio-based aliphatic amines will only be the middle part of a larger, ideally circular, value chain. This value chain additionally includes, as the first part, the refinery of the biomass feedstock to suitable substrates and, as the final part, the implementation of these aliphatic amines in various applications. Each part of the bio-based aliphatic amine value chain will be covered in this Review. Applying a holistic perspective enables one to acknowledge the requirements and limitations of each part and to efficiently spot and potentially bridge knowledge gaps between the different parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vermeeren
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Van Praet
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Arts
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Narmon
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yingtuan Zhang
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Bert F Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Zhang Z, Guo G, Yang H, Csechala L, Wang Z, Cziegler C, Zijlstra DS, Lahive CW, Zhang X, Bornscheuer UT, Deuss PJ. One-Pot Catalytic Cascade for the Depolymerization of the Lignin β-O-4 Motif to Non-phenolic Dealkylated Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410382. [PMID: 39083320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic monomers obtained by selective depolymerization of the lignin β-O-4 motif are typically phenolic and contain (oxygenated) alkyl substitutions. This work reveals the potential of a one-pot catalytic lignin β-O-4 depolymerization cascade strategy that yields a uniform set of methoxylated aromatics without alkyl side-chains. This cascade consists of the selective acceptorless dehydrogenation of the γ-hydroxy group, a subsequent retro-aldol reaction that cleaves the Cα-Cβ bond, followed by in situ acceptorless decarbonylation of the formed aldehydes. This three-step cascade reaction, catalyzed by an iridium(I)-BINAP complex, resulted in 75 % selectivity for 1,2-dimethoxybenzene from G-type lignin dimers, alongside syngas (CO : H2≈1.4 : 1). Applying this method to a synthetic G-type polymer, 11 wt % 1,2-dimethoxybenzene was obtained. This versatile compound can be easily transformed into 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, a valuable precursor for pharmaceutical synthesis, through an enzymatic catalytic approach. Moreover, the hydrodeoxygenation potential of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene offers a pathway to produce valuable cyclohexane or benzene derivatives, presenting enticing opportunities for sustainable chemical transformations without the necessity for phenolic mixture upgrading via dealkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 102249, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ge Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huaizhou Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Csechala
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Cziegler
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Douwe S Zijlstra
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ciaran W Lahive
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 102249, Beijing, China
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter J Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Wu M, Zhang M, Liu X, Wu M, Jiang F, Wang Y, Zhou L. Synthesis of lignin-based elastomers via ARGET ATRP: Exceptional mechanical strength, adhesion, and self-repair properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 283:137706. [PMID: 39549804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, ARGET ATRP method was employed to graft two functional monomers from lignin, resulting in the synthesis of a series of Lignin-graft-poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate) (Lignin-g-P(LMA-co-CMA)) copolymers with varying feed ratios and lignin content. The results demonstrate that by varying the feed ratios of the two monomers, the glass transition temperature of lignin-based elastomers can be finely tuned. Importantly, the introduction of lignin and CMA imparts outstanding mechanical properties to the lignin-based elastomers, with a maximum tensile strength reaching 20.13 MPa. The elastic recovery rate of the lignin-based elastomers was exceptional, with the elastic recovery coefficient (ER) of Lignin0.52-PLMA500 exceeding 90 %. Adhesion tests on various substrates revealed the remarkable adhesion properties of these copolymers. In particular, Lignin0.52-PLMA500 exhibited strong adhesion on both iron plate and glass substrate, with adhesion strengths of 2.23 MPa and 2.33 MPa, respectively. Notably, Lignin0.52-PLMA500 demonstrated significant self-healing ability after damage. Furthermore, the lignin-based elastomer exhibited exceptional ultraviolet absorption performance. In conclusion, the incorporation of lignin opens up a novel pathway for the development of high-strength and tough lignin-based elastomers. However,more effort still needs to be paid for increasing the adhesive properties aiming to explore more potential application field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Mang Wu
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Youhong Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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11
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Webber MS, Watson J, Zhu J, Jang JH, Çağlayan M, Heyne JS, Beckham GT, Román-Leshkov Y. Lignin deoxygenation for the production of sustainable aviation fuel blendstocks. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1622-1638. [PMID: 39592761 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant source of renewable aromatics that has long been targeted for valorization. Traditionally, the inherent heterogeneity and reactivity of lignin has relegated it to direct combustion, but its higher energy density compared with polysaccharides makes it an ideal candidate for biofuel production. This Review critically assesses lignin's potential as a substrate for sustainable aviation fuel blendstocks. Lignin can generate the necessary cyclic compounds for a fully renewable, sustainable aviation fuel when integrated with current paraffinic blends and can meet the current demand 2.5 times over. Using an energy-centric analysis, we show that lignin conversion technologies have the near-term potential to match the enthalpic yields of existing commercial sustainable aviation fuel production processes. Key factors influencing the viability of technologies for converting lignin to sustainable aviation fuel include lignin structure, delignification extent, depolymerization performance, and the development of stable and tunable deoxygenation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jamison Watson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jun Hee Jang
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Mustafa Çağlayan
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Joshua S Heyne
- Bioproduct Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA.
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Lindenbeck L, Brand S, Stallmann F, Barra V, Frauscher M, Beele BB, Slabon A, Rodrigues BVM. Silver-Catalyzed Aqueous Electrochemical Valorization of Soda Lignin into Aliphatics and Phenolics. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:3325. [PMID: 39684070 DOI: 10.3390/polym16233325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Transitioning from crude oil to renewable sources of carbon-based chemicals is critical for advancing sustainable development. Lignin, a wood-derived biomacromolecule, holds great potential as a renewable feedstock, but efficient depolymerization and dearomatization methods are required to fully unlock its potential. In this investigation, we present a silver-catalyzed aqueous electrocatalytic method for the selective depolymerization and partial dearomatization of soda lignin under mild, ambient conditions. Utilizing a water/sodium carbonate solvent system and a silver electrode to mediate the electrochemical reduction, we achieved significant lignin depolymerization over reaction times ranging from 5 to 20 h. Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) revealed sodium levulinate, sodium acetate, and sodium formate as the main aliphatic products, alongside various aromatic species in the depolymerized lignin products (DL). This selective conversion of lignin into both valuable aromatic compounds and reactive aliphatic intermediates offers promising opportunities for further synthesis of a wide range of organic chemicals, contributing to the development of a more sustainable and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lindenbeck
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Silas Brand
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Franka Stallmann
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Vanessa Barra
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marcella Frauscher
- AC2T Research GmbH, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2/c, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Björn B Beele
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Adam Slabon
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials & Systems, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bruno V Manzolli Rodrigues
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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13
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Freitas Paiva M, Sadula S, Vlachos DG, Wojcieszak R, Vanhove G, Bellot Noronha F. Advancing Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation through Molten Salt Hydrates: Catalyst-Enhanced Pretreatment for Sustainable Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400396. [PMID: 38872421 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Developing a process that performs the lignocellulosic biomass fractionation under milder conditions simultaneously with the depolymerization and/or the upgrading of all fractions is fundamental for the economic viability of future lignin-first biorefineries. The molten salt hydrates (MSH) with homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts are a potential alternative to biomass pretreatment that promotes cellulose's dissolution and its conversion to different platform molecules while keeping the lignin reactivity. This review investigates the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using MSH to produce chemicals and fuels. First, the MSH properties and applications are discussed. In particular, the use of MSH in cellulose dissolution and hydrolysis for producing high-value chemicals and fuels is presented. Then, the biomass treatment with MSH is discussed. Different strategies for preventing sugar degradation, such as biphasic media, adsorbents, and precipitation, are contrasted. The potential for valorizing isolated lignin from the pretreatment with MSH is debated. Finally, challenges and limitations in utilizing MSH for biomass valorization are discussed, and future developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Freitas Paiva
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR, 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
- UMR 8522 - PC2 A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Univ. Lille, CNRS, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sunitha Sadula
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150/221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150/221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Robert Wojcieszak
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR, 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
- L2CM UMR 7053, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-5400, Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Vanhove
- UMR 8522 - PC2 A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Univ. Lille, CNRS, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Fábio Bellot Noronha
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR, 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
- National Institute of Technology, Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Chemical Processes Division, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312, Brazil
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14
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Li H, Sun X, Li T, Zhao Z, Wang H, Yang X, Zhang C, Wang F. Photothermal catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of protolignin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:10176. [PMID: 39580480 PMCID: PMC11585588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photothermal catalysis is a promising strategy to combine the advantages of both thermal-catalysis and photocatalysis. Herein we achieve the protolignin conversion to aromatics via the photothermal catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis process intensified by the in-situ protection strategy. The Pd/TiO2 at 140 °C with UV irradiation can catalyze the reforming of primary alcohols to aldehydes and active H* species, which further participate in the acetalation protection of the 1,3-diol group of β-O-4 linkage and mediate the hydrogenolysis of Cβ-OAr bonds, respectively. The conversion of birch sawdust with ethanol as the hydrogen donor provides a 40 wt% yield of phenolic monomers, compared with an 11 wt% monomer yield obtained from the conversion of extracted 1,3-diol-protected lignin under the same conditions. The synergistic effect of photocatalysis and thermal-catalysis contributes to the prior cleavage of the Cβ-OAr bond before other C-O bonds. The feasibility of solar-light-driven photothermal catalytic system is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 LongPan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 LongPan Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Li P, Zhang M, Zhang L. Recent Advances in C-O Bond Cleavage of Aryl, Vinyl, and Benzylic Ethers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:38. [PMID: 39570456 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl halides has revolutionized the way of diversifying aromatic compounds. Aryl ethers are attractive alternatives to aromatic halides as coupling partners considering the accessibility and potential environmental benefits. The last two decades have witnessed a striking success in the field of C-O bond activation of aryl ethers, including the construction of C-C bond and C-X bond, as well as reductive deoxygenation. Here, we present a comprehensive review of C-O bond activation in the context of aryl, vinyl, and benzylic ethers. This review elaborates on the current state-of-the-art methods, categorized by different catalytic systems, including transition metal catalysis, photoredox catalysis, and other innovative approaches. The newly developed methods allow C-O bond activation under mild conditions with exceptional functional group tolerance, potentially enabling the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals. The limitations and future perspectives of the methods are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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16
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Kashimoto R, Ohgitani E, Makimura Y, Miyazaki T, Kimura C, Shin-Ya M, Nishimura H, Pezzotti G, Watanabe T, Mazda O. Lignin Isolated by Microwave-Assisted Acid-Catalyzed Solvolysis Induced Cell Death in Mammalian Tumor Cells by Modulating Apoptotic Pathways. Molecules 2024; 29:5490. [PMID: 39683650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29235490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin, the most abundant renewable aromatic polymer, has been shown to suppress the growth of mammalian tumor cells. Despite extensive studies on lignin structure and its engineering, there is little information on the biological activity of lignin in relation to its molecular structure or the molecular mechanisms by which lignin suppresses tumor cells in mammalian species. Here, we prepared microwave-assisted acid-catalyzed solvolysis lignin (MASL) from Japanese cedar and Eucalyptus globulus and assessed its effects on human and mouse tumor cells. SEC indicated that MASL consists of oligomeric aromatics from the woody plants. Our data showed that MASL significantly reduced the viability of tumor cells by modulating apoptotic pathways. MASL treatment upregulated TNF-α, Fas, and FasL expression levels, while suppressing anti-apoptotic NF-κB and mTOR pathways in tumor cells. In vivo experiments were also performed using tumor-bearing mice to confirm the anti-tumor effects of MASL. Repetitive administrations of a MASL (YM CL1T) significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice in association with elevation of caspase 3 expression. These findings strongly suggest the potential usefulness of low-molecular-weight lignin as an effective therapeutic against malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Kashimoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eriko Ohgitani
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yutaka Makimura
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shin-Ya
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimura
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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17
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Kumawat S, Natte K. Accessing structurally diverse aryl difluoromethyl ethers with bromo(difluoro)acetic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:13935-13938. [PMID: 39508361 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc04782f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
We report a new streamlined approach for the difluoromethylation of ubiquitous phenols using inexpensive bromo(difluoro)acetic acid, yielding a wide array of structurally diverse OCF2H-based building blocks in a single step. This method displays broad functional group compatibility and is amenable for effective late-stage diversification and lignin-derived monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumawat
- Laboratory for Sustainable Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India.
| | - Kishore Natte
- Laboratory for Sustainable Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India.
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18
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He Y, Zeng X, Lu Z, Mo S, An Q, Liu Q, Yang Y, Lan W, Wang S, Zou Y. Aqueous Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Depolymerization of Lignin β-O-4 Linkage via Selective C aryl-O(C) Bond Cleavage: The Regulation of Adsorption. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:32022-32031. [PMID: 39498621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
The cleavage of the benzene-oxygen (Caryl-O(C)) bond of the lignin β-O-4 linkage is expected to relieve condensation of the degradation product and improve the product value. Nevertheless, the electrochemical breaking of the Caryl-O(C) bond has not been achieved yet due to the high dissociation energy (∼409 kJ mol-1) and the easy over-reduction of aromatic compounds. Here, we report an aqueous electrochemical reduction strategy for breaking Caryl-O(C) bonds via the regulation of molecular adsorption. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements reveal that the residual Cu(I) in the CuO electrocatalyst enhances the adsorption of the 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethyl alcohol (PPE) by the Caryl-O(C) bond and lowers the energy barrier of the protons attacking the oxygen atom in the β-O-4 linkage. Thus, compared to the Cu electrocatalyst (with a hydroquinone yield of 47.4% and a benzyl alcohol yield of 24.8%), the CuO nanorod exhibits a much higher yield of hydroquinone (95.3%) and benzyl alcohol (88.6%) at a potential of -0.4 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in an undivided cell. Moreover, the reaction pathway and the cleavage of the Caryl-O(C) bond are identified through a combination of in situ synchrotron-radiation Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) and DFT calculations. This effective method is utilized for poplar lignin electrolysis, yielding 10.9 wt % of guaiacylglycerol, with an outstanding selectivity of >63.0%. This work provides an efficient and mild method of cleavage of Caryl-O(C) bonds in lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xu Zeng
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhuoran Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shiheng Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qizheng An
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Yulu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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19
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Guo H, Luo X, Wang L, Yang C, Li S, Liu S, Li J, Chen Z. Lignin-Assisted Photoreactions: Unveiling New Frontiers in Light-Induced Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202402117. [PMID: 39551701 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer, is emerging as a mainstay of the upcoming revolution in sustainable materials processing. Despite the inherent challenges associated with the heterogeneous structure of lignin, significant progress has recently been made in developing innovative strategies to valorize this fascinating aromatic biopolymer to deliver industry-demanded products via photoreactions. The purpose of this concept article is to unravel insights into these creative approaches in lignin-assisted photoreactions, focusing on photopolymerization to construct functional polymeric materials and photoreduction to provide valuable chemicals, wherein lignin serves as a macromolecular photoinitiator and a reductive photocatalyst, respectively. The existing strategies for improving the photochemical quantum yield of lignin in photopolymerization and harnessing lignin macromolecules as photoresponsive polymers to facilitate electron transfer in photocatalytic reactions are also summarized. In the future, such photochemical lignin valorization concepts could potentially provide new possibilities for achieving a profitable value chain for integrated biorefinery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
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20
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Barker-Rothschild D, Chen J, Wan Z, Renneckar S, Burgert I, Ding Y, Lu Y, Rojas OJ. Lignin-based porous carbon adsorbents for CO 2 capture. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39526409 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
A major driver of global climate change is the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, the mitigation of which requires the development of efficient and sustainable carbon capture technologies. Solid porous adsorbents have emerged as promising alternatives to liquid amine counterparts due to their potential to reduce regeneration costs. Among them, porous carbons stand out for their high surface area, tailorable pore structure, and exceptional thermal and mechanical properties, making them highly robust and efficient in cycling operations. Moreover, porous carbons can be synthesized from readily available organic (waste) streams, reducing costs and promoting circularity. Lignin, a renewable and abundant by-product of the forest products industry and emerging biorefineries, is a complex organic polymer with a high carbon content, making it a suitable precursor for carbon-based adsorbents. This review explores lignin's sources, structure, and thermal properties, as well as traditional and emerging methods for producing lignin-based porous adsorbents. We examine the physicochemical properties, CO2 adsorption mechanisms, and performance of lignin-derived materials. Additionally, the review highlights recent advances in lignin valorization and provides critical insights into optimizing the design of lignin-based adsorbents to enhance CO2 capture efficiency. Finally, it addresses the prospects and challenges in the field, emphasizing the significant role that lignin-derived materials could play in advancing sustainable carbon capture technologies and mitigating climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barker-Rothschild
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jingqian Chen
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- WoodTec Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yong Ding
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- WoodTec Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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21
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Install J, Zhang R, Hietala J, Repo T. Statistically driven automated method for catalytic glucose conversion optimisation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:35578-35584. [PMID: 39512643 PMCID: PMC11542708 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A statistically driven, automated approach to optimize glucose transformations to platform chemicals, methyl lactate and levulinic acid, is reported. The combination of a robotic synthesis platform with design of experiments methods enabled efficient and precise modelling of glucose conversion catalysed by SnCl4·5H2O with 0-100% H2O and methanol as a cosolvent. Using this strategy, optimal reaction conditions within the available reaction space were identified in 58 runs, showcasing the excellent efficiency of this method in producing high yields of methyl lactate (75.9%) and levulinic acid (64.5%) in independent reactions via distinct retro-aldol condensation and dehydration pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Install
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Finland
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Finland
| | - Jukka Hietala
- Neste Oyj, Technology Centre Kilpilahti, P.O. Box 310 06101 Porvoo Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Finland
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22
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Yoshida A, Kurnia I, Higuchi Y, Osaka Y, Yasuta C, Sakamoto C, Tamura M, Takamatsu T, Kamimura N, Masai E, Sonoki T. Direct catalytic oxidation of rice husk lignin with hydroxide nanorod-modified copper foam and muconate production by engineered Pseudomonas sp. NGC7. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:431-438. [PMID: 39191570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
For the direct alkaline oxidation of rice husk lignin, we developed a copper foam-based heterogeneous catalyst that offers advantages in its recovery after the reaction mixture. The depolymerized products were utilized for muconate production by an engineered Pseudomonas sp. NGC7-based strain. A hydroxide nanorod-modified copper foam was prepared by the surface oxidation of copper foam, followed by alkaline oxidation of rice husk lignin over the catalyst. The catalyst was easily separated from the cellulosic residues in the reaction mixture, and the residues were then recovered by filtration. The resulting lignin stream was composed of a variety of aromatic monomers containing p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl compounds. The catabolic activity of Pseudomonas sp. NGC7 was demonstrated to be more suitable for muconate production from a mixture comprising 4-hydroxybenzoate (a typical p-hydroxyphenyl compound), vanillate (a guaiacyl compound), and syringate (a syringyl compound), owing to its natural ability to grow on syringate. Thus, it was applied to produce muconate from a rice husk lignin stream prepared through hydroxide nanorod-modified copper foam-catalyzed alkaline oxidation by conferring the genes responsible for converting the acetophenone derivatives to their corresponding aromatic acids and protocatechuate decarboxylase to an NGC7-based strain deficient in protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and muconate cycloisomerase. As a result, the engineered NGC7-based muconate-producing strain produced muconate selectively from the rice husk lignin stream at 93.7 mol% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshida
- Institute of Regional Innovation (IRI), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Irwan Kurnia
- Institute of Regional Innovation (IRI), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yudai Higuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yuta Osaka
- Institute of Regional Innovation (IRI), Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Chieko Yasuta
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Chiho Sakamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Mina Tamura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Tomonori Sonoki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
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23
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Qiu S, Liu X, Wu Y, Chao Y, Jiang Z, Luo Y, Lin B, Liu R, Xiao Z, Li C, Wu Z. Catalytic depolymerization of Camellia oleifera shell lignin to phenolic monomers: Insights into the effects of solvent, catalyst and atmosphere. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131365. [PMID: 39209230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera shell (COS) is a renewable biomass resource abundant in lignin with significant potential for producing phenolic monomers. However, the dearth of research has led to considerable resource wastage and environmental pollution. Herein, reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of COS was performed using noble metal catalysts in different solvents. An 11.1 wt% yield of phenolic monomers was achieved with 91% selectivity toward propylene-substituted monomers in H2O/EtOH (3:7, v/v) cosolvent under N2 atmosphere. Notably, the highest phenolic monomer yield of 17.0 wt% was obtained with impressive selectivity (86.9%) toward propanol-substituted monomers in the presence of H2. The GPC analysis and 2D HSQC NMR spectra indicated the effective depolymerization of lignin oligomers with catalysts. Phenolic monomers with ethyl, propyl, or propanol side chain could be produced from lignin-derived oligomers through hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, and decarboxylation reactions. Overall, this study has paved the way for the valorization of COS lignin through the RCF strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Xudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China.
| | - Yiying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Yan Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yiping Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, PR China
| | - Baining Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Rukuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zhihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
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24
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Qi S, Zhang T, Zhang C, Jiang B, Huang C, Yong Q, Jin Y. Sucrose-derived porous carbon catalyzed lignin depolymerization to obtain a product with application in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135170. [PMID: 39214225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As the most important phenolic biopolymer in nature, lignin shows promising application potentialities in various bioactivities in vivo and in vitro, mainly including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic control. In this work, several carbon-based solid acids were synthesized to catalyze the fragmentation of organosolv lignin (OL). The generated lignin fragments, with controllable molecular weight and functional groups, were further evaluated for their application in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results suggested that the urea-doped catalyst (SUPC) showed a more excellent catalytic performance in producing diethyl ether insoluble lignin (DEIL) and diethyl ether soluble lignin (DESL). In addition, the lignin fragments have a good therapeutic effect on the cell model of T2DM. Compared with the insulin resistance model, DEIL obtained by catalytic depolymerization of OL with SUPC could improve the glucose consumption of insulin-resistant cells. Moreover, low-concentration samples (50 μg/mL) can promote glucose consumption (19.7 mM) more than the traditional drug rosiglitazone (17.5 mM). This work demonstrates the prospect of depolymerized lignin for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and provides a new application field for lignin degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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25
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Palumbo CT, Ouellette ET, Zhu J, Román-Leshkov Y, Stahl SS, Beckham GT. Accessing monomers from lignin through carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:799-816. [PMID: 39367248 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, the heterogeneous aromatic macromolecule found in the cell walls of vascular plants, is an abundant feedstock for the production of biochemicals and biofuels. Many valorization schemes rely on lignin depolymerization, with decades of research focused on accessing monomers through C-O bond cleavage, given the abundance of β-O-4 bonds in lignin and the large number of available C-O bond cleavage strategies. Monomer yields are, however, invariably lower than desired, owing to the presence of recalcitrant C-C bonds whose selective cleavage remains a major challenge in catalysis. In this Review, we highlight lignin C-C cleavage reactions, including those of linkages arising from biosynthesis (β-1, β-5, β-β and 5-5) and industrial processing (5-CH2-5 and α-5). We examine multiple approaches to C-C cleavage, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis and biocatalysis, to identify promising strategies for further research and provide guidelines for definitive measurements of lignin C-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T Palumbo
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry. Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA.
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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26
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Li Y, Li J, Ren B, Cheng H. Conversion of Lignin to Nitrogenous Chemicals and Functional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:5110. [PMID: 39459814 PMCID: PMC11509642 DOI: 10.3390/ma17205110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Lignin has long been regarded as waste, readily separated and discarded from the pulp and paper industry. However, as the most abundant aromatic renewable biopolymer in nature, lignin can replace petroleum resources to prepare chemicals containing benzene rings. Therefore, the high-value transformation of lignin has attracted the interest of both academia and industry. Nitrogen-containing compounds and functionalized materials are a class of compounds that have wide applications in chemistry, materials science, energy storage, and other fields. Converting lignin into nitrogenous chemicals and materials is a high-value utilization pathway. Currently, there is a large amount of literature exploring the conversion of lignin. However, a comprehensive review of the transformation of lignin to nitrogenous compounds is lacking. The research progress of lignin conversion to nitrogenous chemicals and functional materials is reviewed in this article. This article provides an overview of the chemical structure and types of industrial lignin, methods of lignin modification, as well as nitrogen-containing chemicals and functional materials prepared from various types of lignin, including their applications in wastewater treatment, slow-release fertilizer, adhesive, coating, and biomedical fields. In addition, the challenges and limitations of nitrogenous lignin-based materials encountered during the development of applications are also discussed. It is believed that this review will act as a key reference and inspiration for researchers in the biomass and material field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Straw-Based Functional Materials, Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China; (Y.L.); (B.R.)
| | - Jingrong Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Bo Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Straw-Based Functional Materials, Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China; (Y.L.); (B.R.)
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;
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27
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Wang W, Hu Y, Yang J, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Jin Q, Xu M, Wang Q, Shao Y, Zhang F. LuCl 3/B(C 6F 5) 3 Cocatalyzed Reductive Deoxygenation of Ketones, Aldehydes, Alcohols, and Ethers to Alkanes with Pinacolborane. Org Lett 2024; 26:8468-8474. [PMID: 39347629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
This report describes the LuCl3/B(C6F5)3 cocatalyzed reductive deoxygenation of 67 ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, and ethers to alkanes under mild conditions. The strategy tolerates reactive amino, hydroxyl, nitro, halogen, vinyl, and ester functional groups, and the results demonstrate rare chemoselective deoxygenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones. Isotopic labeling experiments, control experiments, and derivatization studies are used to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuanling Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qian Jin
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Moke Xu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Institute of New Materials & Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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28
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Zheng S, Zhang Z, He S, Yang H, Atia H, Abdel-Mageed AM, Wohlrab S, Baráth E, Tin S, Heeres HJ, Deuss PJ, de Vries JG. Benzenoid Aromatics from Renewable Resources. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10701-10876. [PMID: 39288258 PMCID: PMC11467972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In this Review, all known chemical methods for the conversion of renewable resources into benzenoid aromatics are summarized. The raw materials that were taken into consideration are CO2; lignocellulose and its constituents cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; carbohydrates, mostly glucose, fructose, and xylose; chitin; fats and oils; terpenes; and materials that are easily obtained via fermentation, such as biogas, bioethanol, acetone, and many more. There are roughly two directions. One much used method is catalytic fast pyrolysis carried out at high temperatures (between 300 and 700 °C depending on the raw material), which leads to the formation of biochar; gases, such as CO, CO2, H2, and CH4; and an oil which is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly aromatics. The carbon selectivities of this method can be reasonably high when defined small molecules such as methanol or hexane are used but are rather low when highly oxygenated compounds such as lignocellulose are used. The other direction is largely based on the multistep conversion of platform chemicals obtained from lignocellulose, cellulose, or sugars and a limited number of fats and terpenes. Much research has focused on furan compounds such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and 5-chloromethylfurfural. The conversion of lignocellulose to xylene via 5-chloromethylfurfural and dimethylfuran has led to the construction of two large-scale plants, one of which has been operational since 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zheng
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering
and Environment, China University of Petroleum
(Beijing), 102249 Beijing, China
| | - Songbo He
- Joint International
Research Laboratory of Circular Carbon, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Huaizhou Yang
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan Atia
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ali M. Abdel-Mageed
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wohlrab
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey Tin
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hero J. Heeres
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Deuss
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Leibniz
Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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29
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Driscoll OJ, Van Hecke K, Vande Velde CML, Blockhuys F, Rubens M, Kuwaba T, van de Pas DJ, Eevers W, Vendamme R, Feghali E. Solid-State Structures and Properties of Lignin Hydrogenolysis Oil Compounds: Shedding a Unique Light on Lignin Valorization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10810. [PMID: 39409146 PMCID: PMC11477037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the important, and yet often overlooked, solid-state structures of selected bioaromatic compounds commonly found in lignin hydrogenolysis oil, a renewable bio-oil that holds great promise to substitute fossil-based aromatic molecules in a wide range of chemical and material industrial applications. At first, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) was applied to the lignin model compounds, dihydroconiferyl alcohol, propyl guaiacol, and eugenol dimers, in order to elucidate the fundamental molecular interactions present in such small lignin-derived polyols. Then, considering the potential use of these lignin-derived molecules as building blocks for polymer applications, structural analysis was also performed for two chemically modified model compounds, i.e., the methylene-bridging propyl-guaiacol dimer and propyl guaiacol and eugenol glycidyl ethers, which can be used as precursors in phenolic and epoxy resins, respectively, thus providing additional information on how the molecular packing is altered following chemical modifications. In addition to the expected H-bonding interactions, other interactions such as π-π stacking and C-H∙∙∙π were observed. This resulted in unexpected trends in the tendencies towards the crystallization of lignin compounds. This was further explored with the aid of DSC analysis and CLP intermolecular energy calculations, where the relationship between the major interactions observed in all the SCXRD solid-state structures and their physico-chemical properties were evaluated alongside other non-crystallizable lignin model compounds. Beyond lignin model compounds, our findings could also provide important insights into the solid-state structure and the molecular organization of more complex lignin fragments, paving the way to the more efficient design of lignin-based materials with improved properties for industrial applications or improving downstream processing of lignin oils in biorefining processes, such as in enhancing the separation and isolation of specific bioaromatic compounds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Driscoll
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (M.R.); (T.K.); (W.E.); (R.V.)
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute (Scion), Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand;
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | | | - Frank Blockhuys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Maarten Rubens
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (M.R.); (T.K.); (W.E.); (R.V.)
| | - Tatsuhiro Kuwaba
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (M.R.); (T.K.); (W.E.); (R.V.)
| | - Daniel J. van de Pas
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute (Scion), Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand;
| | - Walter Eevers
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (M.R.); (T.K.); (W.E.); (R.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Richard Vendamme
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (M.R.); (T.K.); (W.E.); (R.V.)
| | - Elias Feghali
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (M.R.); (T.K.); (W.E.); (R.V.)
- Chemical Engineering Program, Notre Dame University–Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 1211, Lebanon
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30
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Xie S, Lan Y, Liu B. Light-Driven Formate-Salts-Induced Cleavage of Oxidized Lignin Model Compounds. Org Lett 2024; 26:8249-8253. [PMID: 39316759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a light-induced cleavage of oxidized lignin model compounds utilizing formate salts. For compounds containing an aliphatic hydroxyl (γ-OH) group, the employment of a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst was crucial to preserving the efficacy of the fragmentation reaction. Furthermore, we successfully converted a trimeric oxidized model compound into the desired products with moderate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
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31
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Mahajan JS, Shokrollahzadeh Behbahani H, Green MD, Korley LTJ, Epps TH. Increased hydrophilicity of lignin-derivable vs. bisphenol-based polysulfones for potential water filtration applications. RSC SUSTAINABILITY 2024; 2:2844-2850. [PMID: 39310879 PMCID: PMC11409988 DOI: 10.1039/d4su00314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The functionality inherent in lignin-derivable aromatics (e.g., polar methoxy groups) can provide a potential opportunity to improve the hydrophilicity of polysulfones (PSfs) without the need for the additional processing steps and harsh reagents/conditions that are typically used in conventional PSf modifications. As determined herein, lignin-derivable PSfs without any post-polymerization modification exhibited higher hydrophilicity than comparable petroleum-based PSfs (commercial/laboratory-synthesized) and also demonstrated similar hydrophilicity to functionalized BPA-PSfs reported in the literature. Importantly, the lignin-derivable PSfs displayed improved thermal properties relative to functionalized BPA-PSfs in the literature, and the thermal properties of these bio-derivable PSfs were close to those of common non-functionalized PSfs. In particular, the glass transition temperature (T g) and degradation temperature of 5% weight loss (T d5%) of lignin-derivable PSfs (T g ∼165-170 °C, T d5% ∼400-425 °C) were significantly higher than those of typical functionalized BPA-PSfs in the literature (T g ∼110-160 °C, T d5% ∼240-260 °C) and close to those of unmodified, commercial/laboratory-synthesized BPA-/bisphenol F-PSfs (T g ∼180-185 °C, T d5% ∼420-510 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh S Mahajan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Hoda Shokrollahzadeh Behbahani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Matthew D Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - LaShanda T J Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
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32
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Liu A, Ellis D, Mhatre A, Brahmankar S, Seto J, Nielsen DR, Varman AM. Biomanufacturing of value-added chemicals from lignin. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 89:103178. [PMID: 39098292 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Lignin valorization faces persistent biomanufacturing challenges due to the heterogeneous and toxic carbon substrates derived from lignin depolymerization. To address the heterogeneous nature of aromatic feedstocks, plant cell wall engineering and 'lignin first' pretreatment methods have recently emerged. Next, to convert the resulting aromatic substrates into value-added chemicals, diverse microbial host systems also continue to be developed. This includes microbes that (1) lack aromatic metabolism, (2) metabolize aromatics but not sugars, and (3) co-metabolize both aromatics and sugars, each system presenting unique pros and cons. Considering the intrinsic complexity of lignin-derived substrate mixtures, emerging and non-model microbes with native metabolism for aromatics appear poised to provide the greatest impacts on lignin valorization via biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arren Liu
- Biological Design Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dylan Ellis
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Apurv Mhatre
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sumant Brahmankar
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jong Seto
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David R Nielsen
- Biological Design Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Arul M Varman
- Biological Design Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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33
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Liu X, Wang Y, Duan H. Recent Progress in Electrocatalytic Conversion of Lignin: From Monomers, Dimers, to Raw Lignin. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2024; 2:428-446. [PMID: 39478938 PMCID: PMC11524326 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.4c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, as the second largest renewable biomass resource in nature, has increasingly received significant interest for its potential to be transformed into valuable chemicals, potentially contributing to carbon neutrality. Among different approaches, renewable electricity-driven biomass conversion holds great promise to substitute a petroleum resource-driven one, owing to its characteristics of environmental friendliness, high energy efficiency, and tunable reactivity. The challenges lie on the polymeric structure and complex functional groups in lignin, requiring the development of efficient electrocatalysts for lignin valorization with enhanced activity and selectivity toward targeted chemicals. In this Review, we focus on the advancement of electrocatalytic valorization of lignin, from monomers, to dimers and to raw lignin, toward various value-added chemicals, with emphasis on catalyst design, reaction innovation, and mechanistic study. The general strategies for catalyst design are also summarized, offering insights into enhancing the activity and selectivity. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the electrocatalytic conversion of lignin are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing 100084, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, (Ministry of Education),
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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34
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Liu X, Zhai L, Huo J, Yang R, Sun F. FeCl 3-Promoted Photocatalytic Cleavage of C α-C β Bond in Lignin and Lignin Model to Benzoic Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12967-12972. [PMID: 39250268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Because of the complex structure and inherent inert chemical activity of lignin, it is still challenging to depolymerize lignin to obtain valuable chemicals efficiently. Here, we present an FeCl3-promoted photocatalytic depolymerization strategy to realize the Cα-Cβ oxidative cleavage of lignin model compounds at room temperature. The method generates benzoic acid and phenol compounds in high yields. In addition, the method is effective for the depolymerization of organosolv lignin by cleavage of the products of Cα-Cβ bonds and affords the corresponding products. This strategy provides a method of using an economical photocatalyst to depolymerize lignin and provides a reference for the industrial depolymerization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Liu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Lianjing Zhai
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Jianyu Huo
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Ronghe Yang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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35
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Bujanovic BM, Hirth K, Ralph S, Reiner RS, Dongre P, Mickles C, Karlen SD, Baez C, Clemons C. Use of Renewable Alcohols in Autocatalytic Production of Aspen Organosolv Lignins. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38227-38247. [PMID: 39281950 PMCID: PMC11391562 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic efficiency of renewable alcohols, applied under autocatalytic conditions, for removing lignin from aspen and hot-water-extracted aspen while substantially preserving the lignin structure so as to facilitate various valorization strategies. Ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), ethanol (EtOH), and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) were evaluated based on their lignin solubilization ability, expressed as the relative energy difference (RED) following the principles of the Hansen solubility theory. The findings indicate that alcohols with a higher lignin solubilization potential lead to increased delignification, almost 90%, and produce a lignin with a higher content of β-O-4 bonds, up to 68% of those found in aspen milled wood lignin, thereby indicating their potential for valorization through depolymerization. However, these alcohols also produce lignin with a higher content of β-β and β-5 bonds, resulting in a higher molecular weight and polydispersity, due to readily occurring homolytic reactions. Hot-water extraction (HWE) conducted prior to alcohol treatment reduced the delignification efficiency and resulted in a lignin with a lower β-O-4 bond content. The lignins produced in these experiments exhibited a superior UV-A absorption capacity compared with synthetic benzophenone, as well as a greater radical quenching ability than synthetic butylated hydroxytoluene, indicating their potential for use in the protection of polymers against degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana M Bujanovic
- US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Kolby Hirth
- US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Sally Ralph
- US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Richard S Reiner
- US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Prajakta Dongre
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clayton Mickles
- US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Steven D Karlen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Carlos Baez
- US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Craig Clemons
- US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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36
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Huang Z, Yu Z, Guo Z, Shi P, Hu J, Deng H, Huang Z. Selective Cleavage of C β-O-4 Bond for Lignin Depolymerization via Paired-Electrolysis in an Undivided Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407750. [PMID: 38899860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The cleavage of C-O bonds is one of the most promising strategies for lignin-to-chemicals conversion, which has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, current catalytic system capable of selectively breaking C-O bonds in lignin often requires a precious metal catalyst and/or harsh conditions such as high-pressure H2 and elevated temperatures. Herein, we report a novel protocol of paired electrolysis to effectively cleave the Cβ-O-4 bond of lignin model compounds and real lignin at room temperature and ambient pressure. For the first time, "cathodic hydrogenolysis of Cβ-O-4 linkage" and "anodic C-H/N-H cross-coupling reaction" are paired in an undivided cell, thus the cleavage of C-O bonds and the synthesis of valuable triarylamine derivatives could be simultaneously achieved in an energy-effective manner. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, remarkable yield with excellent chemoselectivity, and feasibility for large-scale synthesis. Mechanistic studies indicate that indirect H* (chemical absorbed hydrogen) reduction instead of direct electron transfer might be the pathway for the cathodic hydrogenolysis of Cβ-O-4 linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Huang
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pingsen Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, P. R. China
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37
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Wu X, Lian H, Xia C, Deng J, Li X, Zhang C. Mechanistic insights and applications of lignin-based ultraviolet shielding composites: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135477. [PMID: 39250986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a green aromatic polymer constructed from repeating phenylpropane units, incorporating features such as phenolic hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, and conjugated double bonds that serve as chromophores. These structural attributes enable it to absorb a wide spectrum of ultraviolet radiation within the 250-400 nm range. The resulting properties make lignin a material of considerable interest for its potential applications in polymers, packaging, architectural decoration, and beyond. By examining the structure of lignin, this research delves into the structural influence on its UV-shielding capabilities. Through a comparative analysis of lignin's use in various UV-shielding applications, the study explores the interplay between lignin's structure and its interactions with other materials. This investigation aims to elucidate the UV-shielding mechanism, thereby offering insights that could inform the development of high-value applications for lignin in UV-shielding composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hailan Lian
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Changlei Xia
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junqian Deng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changhang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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38
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Zhou MJ, Miao Y, Gu Y, Xie Y. Recent Advances in Reversible Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Systems: From Hydrogen Carriers to Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311355. [PMID: 38374727 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) have gained significant attention for large-scale hydrogen storage due to their remarkable gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity (HSC) and compatibility with existing oil and gas transportation networks for long-distance transport. However, the practical application of reversible LOHC systems has been constrained by the intrinsic thermodynamic properties of hydrogen carriers and the performances of associated catalysts in the (de)hydrogenation cycles. To overcome these challenges, thermodynamically favored carriers, high-performance catalysts, and catalytic procedures need to be developed. Here, significant advances in recent years have been summarized, primarily centered on regular LOHC systems catalyzed by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, including dehydrogenative aromatization of cycloalkanes to arenes and N-heterocyclics to N-heteroarenes, as well as reverse hydrogenation processes. Furthermore, with the development of metal complexes for dehydrogenative coupling, a new family of reversible LOHC systems based on alcohols is described that can release H2 under relatively mild conditions. Finally, views on the next steps and challenges in the field of LOHC technology are provided, emphasizing new resources for low-cost hydrogen carriers, high-performance catalysts, catalytic technologies, and application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yinjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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39
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Bergrath J, Zeppetzauer F, Rumpf J, Kamm B, Putz R, Kling HW, Schulze M. Mechanochemical Tailoring of Lignin Structure: Influence of Different Particle Sizes in the Organosolv Process. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2400090. [PMID: 38899790 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The autocatalyzed ethanolic organosolv process is gaining increasing attention for the sulfur-free isolation of lignin, which is subsequently used as a renewable substitute for various fossil-based applications. For the first time, the mechanochemical influence of seven different particle sizes of two different biomasses on the respective organosolv lignin structure is examined. Wine pruning (Pinot Noir) and wine pomace (Accent) are used for organosolv process with particle sizes ranging from 2.0-1.6 mm to less than 0.25 mm. As particle size decreases, the weight-average molecular weight increases, while the total phenol content decreases significantly. Additionally, the distribution of the lignin-typical monolignols and relevant substructures, as determined by two-dimensional heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectra single quantum coherence (HSQC), is observed. The degree of grinding of the biomass has a clear chemical-structural influence on the isolated HG and HGS organosolv lignins. Therefore, it is crucial to understand this influence to apply organosolv lignins in a targeted manner. In the future, particle size specifications in the context of the organosolv process should be expressed in terms of distribution densities rather than in terms of a smaller than specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bergrath
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Franz Zeppetzauer
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH - Competence Center for Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites (Wood K Plus), Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Jessica Rumpf
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Kamm
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH - Competence Center for Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites (Wood K Plus), Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Robert Putz
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH - Competence Center for Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites (Wood K Plus), Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Hans-Willi Kling
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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40
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Dargó G, Kis D, Ráduly A, Farkas V, Kupai J. Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA): Electrosynthesis and Its Facile Recovery From Polyethylene Furanoate (PEF) via Depolymerization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401190. [PMID: 39213475 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with renewable, bio-based alternatives is inevitable for the modern chemical industry, in line with the 12 principles of green chemistry. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a promising platform molecule that can be derived from 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) via sustainable electrochemical oxidation. Herein, we demonstrate TEMPO-mediated electrooxidation of HMF to FDCA in ElectraSyn 2.0 using inexpensive commercially available electrodes: graphite anode and stainless-steel cathode, thereby avoiding the often cumbersome electrode preparation. Key parameters such as concentration of HMF, KOH, and catalyst loading were optimized by experimental design. Under the optimized conditions, using only a low amount of TEMPO (5 mol %), high yield and Faradaic efficiency of 96 % were achieved within 2.5 h. Moreover, since FDCA is a monomer of the bio-based poly(ethylene furanoate), PEF, we aimed to investigate its recovery by depolymerization, which could be of paramount importance in the circular economy of the FDCA. For this, a new polar aprotic solvent, methyl sesamol (MeSesamol), was used, allowing the facile depolymerization of PEF at room temperature with high monomer yields (up to 85 %), while the cosolvent MeSesamol was recycled with high efficiency (95-100 %) over five reaction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Dargó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kis
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Amália Ráduly
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Vajk Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Budapest, 1111, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Budapest, 1111, Hungary
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41
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Shrestha S, Goswami S, Banerjee D, Garcia V, Zhou E, Olmsted CN, Majumder ELW, Kumar D, Awasthi D, Mukhopadhyay A, Singer SW, Gladden JM, Simmons BA, Choudhary H. Perspective on Lignin Conversion Strategies That Enable Next Generation Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301460. [PMID: 38669480 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The valorization of lignin, a currently underutilized component of lignocellulosic biomass, has attracted attention to promote a stable and circular bioeconomy. Successful approaches including thermochemical, biological, and catalytic lignin depolymerization have been demonstrated, enabling opportunities for lignino-refineries and lignocellulosic biorefineries. Although significant progress in lignin valorization has been made, this review describes unexplored opportunities in chemical and biological routes for lignin depolymerization and thereby contributes to economically and environmentally sustainable lignin-utilizing biorefineries. This review also highlights the integration of chemical and biological lignin depolymerization and identifies research gaps while also recommending future directions for scaling processes to establish a lignino-chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilva Shrestha
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Shubhasish Goswami
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Deepanwita Banerjee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Valentina Garcia
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Department of Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Elizabeth Zhou
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Charles N Olmsted
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Erica L-W Majumder
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Steven W Singer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - John M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Department of Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Hemant Choudhary
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
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42
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Jang JH, Callejón Álvarez J, Neuendorf QS, Román-Leshkov Y, Beckham GT. Reducing Solvent Consumption in Reductive Catalytic Fractionation through Lignin Oil Recycling. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:12919-12926. [PMID: 39211385 PMCID: PMC11351702 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) enables the simultaneous valorization of lignin and carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass through solvent-based lignin extraction, followed by depolymerization and catalytic stabilization of the extracted lignin. Process modeling has shown that the use of exogenous organic solvent in RCF is a challenge for economic and environmental feasibility, and previous works proposed that lignin oil, a mixture of lignin-derived monomers and oligomers produced by RCF, can be used as a cosolvent in RCF. Here, we further explore the potential of RCF solvent recycling with lignin oil, extending the feasible lignin oil concentration in the solvent to 100 wt %, relative to the previously demonstrated 0-19 wt % range. Solvents containing up to 80 wt % lignin oil exhibited 83-93% delignification, comparable to 83% delignification with a methanol-water mixture, and notably, using lignin oil solely as a solvent achieved 67% delignification in the absence of water. In additional experiments, applying the RCF solvent recycling approach to ten consecutive RCF reactions resulted in a final lignin oil concentration of 11 wt %, without detrimental impacts on lignin extraction, lignin oil molar mass distribution, aromatic monomer selectivity, and cellulose retention. Overall, this work further demonstrates the potential for using lignin oil as an effective cosolvent in RCF, which can reduce the burden on downstream solvent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Jang
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Júlia Callejón Álvarez
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Quinn S. Neuendorf
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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43
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Husson J. Functional Materials from Biomass-Derived Terpyridines: State of the Art and Few Possible Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9126. [PMID: 39201812 PMCID: PMC11354883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on functional materials that contain terpyridine (terpy) units, which can be synthesized from biomass-derived platform chemicals. The latter are obtained by the chemical conversion of raw biopolymers such as cellulose (e.g., 2-furaldehyde) or lignin (e.g., syringaldehyde). These biomass-derived platform chemicals serve as starting reagents for the preparation of many different terpyridine derivatives using various synthetic strategies (e.g., Kröhnke reaction, cross-coupling reactions). Chemical transformations of these terpyridines provide a broad range of different ligands with various functionalities to be used for the modification or construction of various materials. Either inorganic materials (such as oxides) or organic ones (such as polymers) can be combined with terpyridines to provide functional materials. Different strategies are presented for grafting terpy to materials, such as covalent grafting through a carboxylic acid or silanization. Furthermore, terpy can be used directly for the elaboration of functional materials via complexation with metals. The so-obtained functional materials find various applications, such as photovoltaic devices, heterogeneous catalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOF), and metallopolymers. Finally, some possible developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Husson
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, F-25000 Besançon, France
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44
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Yao L, Wang R, Yoo CG, Zhang Y, Meng X, Liu W, Ragauskas AJ, Yang H. Visualization of lignification in flax stem cell walls with novel click-compatible monolignol analogs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1423072. [PMID: 39224856 PMCID: PMC11366659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1423072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction As an essential part of plant cell walls, lignin provides mechanical support for plant growth, enhances water transport, and helps to defend against pathogens. As the most abundant natural aromatic-based renewable resource on earth, its biosynthesis has always been a research focus, and it is still currently under study. Methods In this study, the p-coumaryl alcohol analog (HALK) and the coniferyl alcohol analog (GALK) containing an alkyne group at the ortho position were synthesized and applied to lignification in vivo and in vitro. The incorporation of these novel lignin monomers was observed via fluorescence imaging. Results and Discussion It was found that the two monolignol analogs could be incorporated in dehydrogenated polymers (DHPs) in vitro and in flax cell walls in vivo. The results showed that as the cultivation time and precursor concentration varied, the deposition of H and G-type lignin exhibited differences in deposition mode. At the subcellular scale, the deposited lignin first appears in the cell corner and the middle lamella, and then gradually appears on the cell walls. Furthermore, lignin was also found in bast fiber. It was demonstrated that these new molecules could provide high-resolution localization of lignin during polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Haitao Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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45
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Metz F, Olsen AM, Lu F, Myers KS, Allemann MN, Michener JK, Noguera DR, Donohue TJ. Catabolism of β-5 linked aromatics by Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. mBio 2024; 15:e0171824. [PMID: 39012147 PMCID: PMC11323797 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01718-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromatic compounds are an important source of commodity chemicals traditionally produced from fossil fuels. Aromatics derived from plant lignin can potentially be converted into commodity chemicals through depolymerization followed by microbial funneling of monomers and low molecular weight oligomers. This study investigates the catabolism of the β-5 linked aromatic dimer dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DC-A) by the bacterium Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. We used genome-wide screens to identify candidate genes involved in DC-A catabolism. Subsequent in vivo and in vitro analyses of these candidate genes elucidated a catabolic pathway composed of four required gene products and several partially redundant dehydrogenases that convert DC-A to aromatic monomers that can be funneled into the central aromatic metabolic pathway of N. aromaticivorans. Specifically, a newly identified γ-formaldehyde lyase, PcfL, opens the phenylcoumaran ring to form a stilbene and formaldehyde. A lignostilbene dioxygenase, LsdD, then cleaves the stilbene to generate the aromatic monomers vanillin and 5-formylferulate (5-FF). We also showed that the aldehyde dehydrogenase FerD oxidizes 5-FF before it is decarboxylated by LigW, yielding ferulic acid. We found that some enzymes involved in the β-5 catabolism pathway can act on multiple substrates and that some steps in the pathway can be mediated by multiple enzymes, providing new insights into the robust flexibility of aromatic catabolism in N. aromaticivorans. A comparative genomic analysis predicted that the newly discovered β-5 aromatic catabolic pathway is common within the order Sphingomonadales. IMPORTANCE In the transition to a circular bioeconomy, the plant polymer lignin holds promise as a renewable source of industrially important aromatic chemicals. However, since lignin contains aromatic subunits joined by various chemical linkages, producing single chemical products from this polymer can be challenging. One strategy to overcome this challenge is using microbes to funnel a mixture of lignin-derived aromatics into target chemical products. This approach requires strategies to cleave the major inter-unit linkages of lignin to release monomers for funneling into valuable products. In this study, we report newly discovered aspects of a pathway by which the Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444 catabolizes aromatics joined by the second most common inter-unit linkage in lignin, the β-5 linkage. This work advances our knowledge of aromatic catabolic pathways, laying the groundwork for future metabolic engineering of this and other microbes for optimized conversion of lignin into products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fletcher Metz
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail M. Olsen
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Fachuang Lu
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin S. Myers
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marco N. Allemann
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua K. Michener
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel R. Noguera
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy J. Donohue
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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46
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De Simone M, Alonso-Cotchico L, Lucas MF, Brissos V, Martins LO. Distal mutations enhance efficiency of free and immobilized NOV1 dioxygenase for vanillin synthesis. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:92-98. [PMID: 38880386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Protein engineering is crucial to improve enzymes' efficiency and robustness for industrial biocatalysis. NOV1 is a bacterial dioxygenase that holds biotechnological potential by catalyzing the one-step oxidation of the lignin-derived isoeugenol into vanillin, a popular flavoring agent used in food, cleaning products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This study aims to enhance NOV1 activity and operational stability through the identification of distal hotspots, located at more than 9 Å from the active site using Zymspot, a tool that predicts advantageous distant mutations, streamlining protein engineering. A total of 41 variants were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis and the six most active enzyme variants were then recombined. Two variants, with two and three mutations, showed nearly a 10-fold increase in activity and up to 40-fold higher operational stability than the wild-type. Furthermore, these variants show 90-100 % immobilization efficiency in metal affinity resins, compared to approximately 60 % for the wild-type. In bioconversions where 50 mM of isoeugenol was added stepwise over 24-h cycles, the 1D2 variant produced approximately 144 mM of vanillin after six reaction cycles, corresponding to around 22 mg, indicating a 35 % molar conversion yield. This output was around 2.5 times higher than that obtained using the wild-type. Our findings highlight the efficacy of distal protein engineering in enhancing enzyme functions like activity, stability, and metal binding selectivity, thereby fulfilling the criteria for industrial biocatalysts. This study provides a novel approach to enzyme optimization that could have significant implications for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De Simone
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | | | | | - Vânia Brissos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Lígia O Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal.
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47
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Liu Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xie J, Li J, Wei J, Zhang M, Yang Y. From Ethylene Glycol to Glycolic Acid: Electrocatalytic Conversion on Pt-Group Metal Surfaces. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14794-14803. [PMID: 39037615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Ethylene glycol (EG) is one of the most attractive platform molecules derived from biomass and waste plastics. Thus, the selective electrooxidation of ethylene glycol (EGOR) into value-added chemicals (especially glycolic acid (GA)) can promote its recycling and upgrading. However, the understanding of the EG-to-GA process on Pt-group metal (PGM) electrodes is far limited now. It has been shown that the Pt and Pd electrodes could show considerable EGOR activity but not Rh and Ir electrodes. Meanwhile, EGOR mainly produces the glycolate, oxalate, and formate on Pt and Pd electrodes, whereas it can obtain minute amounts of glycolate and oxalate on Rh and Ir electrodes. Impressively, the selectivity of glycolate on Pt and Pd electrodes can be over 85% (apparent Faradaic efficiency) in alkaline media, although the stability should be further improved through interfacial tuning and/or engineering. This work might deepen the fundamental understanding of the EGOR process on the nature of PGM electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jincheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Yaoyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
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48
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Jeffri NI, Mohammad Rawi NF, Mohamad Kassim MH, Abdullah CK. Unlocking the potential: Evolving role of technical lignin in diverse applications and overcoming challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133506. [PMID: 38944064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements have transformed lignin from a byproduct into a valuable raw material for polymers, dyes, adhesives, and fertilizers. However, its structural heterogeneity, variable reactive group content, impurities, and high extraction costs pose challenges to industrial-scale adoption. Efficient separation technologies and selective bond cleavage are crucial. Advanced pretreatment methods have enhanced lignin purity and reduced contamination, while novel catalytic techniques have improved depolymerization efficiency and selectivity. This review compares catalytic depolymerization methodologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and noting challenges in comparing yield values due to variations in isolation methods and lignin sources. Recognizing "technical lignin" from pulping processes, the review emphasizes its diverse applications and the necessity of understanding its structural characteristics. Emerging trends focus on bio-based functional additives and nanostructured lignin materials, promising enhanced properties and functionalities. Innovations open possibilities in sustainable agriculture, high-performance foams and composites, and advanced medical applications like drug delivery and wound healing. Leveraging lignin's biocompatibility, abundance, and potential for high-value applications, it can significantly contribute to sustainable material development across various industries. Continuous research in bio-based additives and nanostructured materials underscores lignin's potential to revolutionize material science and promote environmentally friendly industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorfarisya Izma Jeffri
- Division of Bioresource Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Fazita Mohammad Rawi
- Division of Bioresource Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim
- Division of Bioresource Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Che Ku Abdullah
- Division of Bioresource Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
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49
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Perveen S, Zhai R, Chen X, Kanwal T, Shah MR, Lu M, Ding B, Jin M. Synthesis of high-performance antibacterial agent based on incorporated vancomycin into MOF-modified lignin nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133339. [PMID: 38917916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The alarming rise in antibiotic resistance necessitates urgent action, particularly against the backdrop of resistant bacteria evolving to render conventional antibiotics less effective, leading to an increase in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Vancomycin-loaded Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) nanocomposites have emerged as a promising strategy in enhancing the eradication of pathogenic bacteria. This study introduces lignin as a novel synergistic agent in Vancomycin-loaded MOF (Lig-Van-MOF), which substantially enhances the antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria. Lig-Van-MOF exhibits six-fold lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) than free vancomycin and Van-MOF with a much higher antibacterial potential against sensitive and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Remarkably, it reduces biofilms of these strains by over 85 % in minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). Utilization of lignin to modify surface properties of MOFs improves their adhesion to bacterial membranes and boosts the local concentration of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) via unique synergistic mechanism. Additionally, lignin induces substantial cell deformation in treated bacterial cells. It confirms the superior bactericidal properties of Lig-Van-MOF against Staphylococcus species, underlining its significant potential as a bionanomaterial designed to combat antibiotic resistance effectively. This research paves the way for novel antibacterial platforms that optimize cost-efficiency and broaden microbial resistance management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Perveen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiangxue Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tasmina Kanwal
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Boning Ding
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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50
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Rücker T, Pettersen T, Graute H, Wittgens B, Graßl T, Waldvogel SR. Pilot Scale Electrolysis of Peroxodicarbonate as an Oxidizer for Lignin Valorization. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:11283-11296. [PMID: 39091926 PMCID: PMC11289759 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A pilot scale plant at Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 comprising an electrochemical ex-cell continuous production of sodium peroxodicarbonate and a thermal depolymerization plug flow reactor for kraft lignin conversion is established. Due to the labile nature of the "green" oxidizer peroxodicarbonate, special attention must be paid to the production parameters in order to optimize its use. A simplified design model describing steady-state and transient operations is formulated and finally validated against experimental data from the electrolysis setup. Design trade-offs are visualized, and their impact on specific energy consumption is evaluated. The pilot plant was operated for a 20-month period for more than 1200 h on-stream. Optimized process conditions result in vanillin yields of 8 wt % and thus prove the successful scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Rücker
- Process
Technology, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Trøndelag NO-7465, Norway
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Pettersen
- Process
Technology, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Trøndelag NO-7465, Norway
| | - Hannah Graute
- Process
Technology, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Trøndelag NO-7465, Norway
| | - Bernd Wittgens
- Process
Technology, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Trøndelag NO-7465, Norway
| | - Tobias Graßl
- CONDIAS
GmbH, Fraunhofer Straße
1b, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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