1
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Kou W, Zhang J, Wang C, Wu W, Zhang J, Yang Z, Dai K, Wang J. Oriented Crystal Growth of Li 0.33La 0.557TiO 3 Nanowire Induced by One-Dimensional Polymer Sheath toward Rapid Lithium-Ion Transfer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:27683-27693. [PMID: 39324749 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Superionic conductor-based solid-state electrolytes with preferred crystal structures hold great promise for realizing ultrafast lithium-ion (Li+) transfer, which is urgently desired for all-solid-state lithium batteries. However, the precise control of crystal growth of superionic conductors is still challenging since the crystals always spontaneously grow to disordered structures with the lowest internal energy to ensure thermodynamic stability. Herein, a coaxial nanowire with a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sheath and a Li0.33La0.557TiO3 (LLTO) precursor core (PVP/LLTO-caNW) is prepared through coaxial electrospinning, followed by sintering into LLTO nanowire with an oriented crystal structure (LLTO-caNW). We demonstrate that the one-dimensional PVP sheath as a sacrificial layer generates uniform and the strongest adsorption ability on the (110) phase among different LLTO crystal planes, which induces the crystal to preferentially grow along the c-axis (the fastest Li+ transfer direction) during the nucleation and growth processes. As a result, the prepared LLTO-caNW displays an ultrahigh bulk ionic conductivity of 3.13 × 10-3 S cm-1, exceeding most LLTO crystals and approaching the theoretical conductivity. Meanwhile, the oriented crystal growth imparts to LLTO-caNW significantly reduced grain boundary resistance, and the grain-boundary conductivity reaches up to 1.09 × 10-3 S cm-1. This endows the composite solid electrolyte with high ionic conduction performance and superior cycle stability in the assembled all-solid-state lithium battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chenye Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wenjia Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kun Dai
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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2
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Chen Y, Liang D, Lee EMY, Muy S, Guillaume M, Braida MD, Emery AA, Marzari N, de Pablo JJ. Ion Transport at Polymer-Argyrodite Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48223-48234. [PMID: 39213640 PMCID: PMC11403566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes, particularly polymer/ceramic composite electrolytes, are emerging as promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and mechanical flexibility. The interfaces that arise between the inorganic and organic materials in these composites play a crucial role in ion transport mechanisms. While lithium ions are proposed to diffuse across or parallel to the interface, few studies have directly examined the quantitative impact of these pathways on ion transport and little is known about how they affect the overall conductivity. Here, we present an atomistic study of lithium-ion (Li+) transport across well-defined polymer-argyrodite interfaces. We present a force field for polymer-argyrodite interfacial systems, and we carry out molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling simulations of several composite systems, including poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/Li6PS5Cl, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR)/Li6PS5Cl, and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/Li6PS5Cl. For the materials considered here, Li-ion exhibits a preference for the ceramic material, as revealed by free energy differences for Li-ion between the inorganic and the organic polymer phase in excess of 13 kBT. The relative free energy profiles of Li-ion for different polymeric materials exhibit similar shapes, but their magnitude depends on the strength of interaction between the polymers and Li-ion: the greater the interaction between the polymer and Li-ions, the smaller the free energy difference between the inorganic and organic materials. The influence of the interface is felt over a range of approximately 1.5 nm, after which the behavior of Li-ion in the polymer is comparable to that in the bulk. Near the interface, Li-ion transport primarily occurs parallel to the interfacial plane, and ion mobility is considerably slower near the interface itself, consistent with the reduced segmental mobility of the polymer in the vicinity of the ceramic material. These findings provide insights into ionic complexation and transport mechanisms in composite systems, and will help improve design of improved solid electrolyte systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dongyue Liang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Y Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sokseiha Muy
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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3
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Hui X, Zhan Z, Zhang Z, Yu J, Jiang P, Dang Z, Wang J, Cai S, Wang Y, Xu ZL. Missing-Linker Defect Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks Accelerating Zinc Ion Conduction for Ultrastable All-Solid-State Zinc Metal Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:25237-25248. [PMID: 39206674 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are promising for high-performance zinc metal batteries (ZMBs), but they encounter critical challenges of low ionic conductivity, limited Zn2+ transference number (tZn2+), and an unstable electrolyte-electrode interface. Here, we present an effective approach involving a missing-linker metallic organic framework (MOF)-catalyzed poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/polyacrylamide (PAM) copolymer SPE for single Zn2+ conduction and seamless electrolyte-electrode contact. The single-Zn2+ conduction is facilitated by the anchoring of the OTF- anions onto the unsaturated metal sites of missing-linker MOF, while the PEGDA and PAM chains in competitive coordination with Zn2+ ions promote rapid Zn ion transport. Our all-solid-state electrolyte simultaneously achieves a superior ionic conductivity of 1.52 mS cm-1 and a high tZn2+ of 0.83 at room temperature, alongside uniform Zn metal deposition (1000 cycles in symmetric cells) and high Zn plating/striping efficiencies (>99% after 600 cycles in asymmetric cells). Applications of our SPE in Zn//VO2 full cells are further demonstrated with a long lifespan of 2000 cycles and an extremely low-capacity degradation rate of 0.012% per cycle. This work provides an effective strategy for using a missing-linker MOF to catalyze competitively coordinating copolymers for accelerating Zn2+ ion conduction, assisting the future design of all-solid-state ZMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Hui
- Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingya Yu
- Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Pengyan Jiang
- Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhengzheng Dang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,SAR China
| | - Songhua Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng-Long Xu
- Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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4
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Zhu Y, Wang C, Guo D, Chen X, Wang S. Solid-State Electrolytes: Probing Interface Regulation from Multiple Perspectives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43114-43133. [PMID: 39110026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), as the heart of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), are recognized as the next-generation energy storage solution, offering high safety, extended cycle life, and superior energy density. SSEs play a pivotal role in ion transport and electron separation. Nonetheless, interface compatibility and stability issues pose significant obstacles to further enhancing ASSB performance. Extensive research has demonstrated that interface control methods can effectively elevate ASSB performance. This review delves into the advancements and recent progress of SSEs in interfacial engineering over the past years. We discuss the detailed effects of various regulation strategies and directions on performance, encompassing enhancing Li+ mobility, reducing energy barriers, immobilizing anions, introducing interlayers, and constructing unique structures. This review offers fresh perspectives on the development of high-performance lithium-metal ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Daying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xi'an Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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5
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Yang S, Wu Q, Li Y, Luo F, Zhang J, Chen K, You Y, Huang J, Xie H, Chen Y. A Bio-Inspired Multifunctional Hydrogel Network with Toughly Interfacial Chemistry for Dendrite-Free Flexible Zinc Ion Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409160. [PMID: 39113640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), coupled with low cost and safe, are considered as one of the most promising energy storage candidates for wearable electronics. Hydrogel electrolytes present a compelling alternative to liquid electrolytes due to their remarkable flexibility and clear advantages in mitigating parasitic side reactions. However, hydrogel electrolytes suffer from poor mechanical properties and interfacial chemistry, which limits them to suppressed performance levels in flexible ZIBs, especially under harsh mechanical strains. Herein, a bio-inspired multifunctional hydrogel electrolyte network (polyacrylamide (PAM)/trehalose) with improved mechanical and adhesive properties was developed via a simple trehalose network-repairing strategy to stabilize the interfacial chemistry for dendrite-free and long-life flexible ZIBs. As a result, the trehalose-modified PAM hydrogel exhibits a superior strength and stretchability up to 100 kPa and 5338 %, respectively, as well as strong adhesive properties to various substrates. Also, the PAM/trehalose hydrogel electrolyte provides superior anti-corrosion capability for Zn anode and regulates Zn nucleation/growth, resulting in achieving a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.8 %, and long-term stability over 2400 h. Importantly, the flexible Zn//MnO2 pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling performance under different bending conditions, which offers a great potential in flexible energy-related applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Fusheng Luo
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang You
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/, Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, 330031, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, 330022, Nanchang, China
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6
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Song Z, Wang X, Feng W, Armand M, Zhou Z, Zhang H. Designer Anions for Better Rechargeable Lithium Batteries and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310245. [PMID: 38839065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Non-aqueous electrolytes, generally consisting of metal salts and solvating media, are indispensable elements for building rechargeable batteries. As the major sources of ionic charges, the intrinsic characters of salt anions are of particular importance in determining the fundamental properties of bulk electrolyte, as well as the features of the resulting electrode-electrolyte interphases/interfaces. To cope with the increasing demand for better rechargeable batteries requested by emerging application domains, the structural design and modifications of salt anions are highly desired. Here, salt anions for lithium and other monovalent (e.g., sodium and potassium) and multivalent (e.g., magnesium, calcium, zinc, and aluminum) rechargeable batteries are outlined. Fundamental considerations on the design of salt anions are provided, particularly involving specific requirements imposed by different cell chemistries. Historical evolution and possible synthetic methodologies for metal salts with representative salt anions are reviewed. Recent advances in tailoring the anionic structures for rechargeable batteries are scrutinized, and due attention is paid to the paradigm shift from liquid to solid electrolytes, from intercalation to conversion/alloying-type electrodes, from lithium to other kinds of rechargeable batteries. The remaining challenges and key research directions in the development of robust salt anions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Michel Armand
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Zhibin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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7
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Darjazi H, Falco M, Colò F, Balducci L, Piana G, Bella F, Meligrana G, Nobili F, Elia GA, Gerbaldi C. Electrolytes for Sodium Ion Batteries: The Current Transition from Liquid to Solid and Hybrid systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313572. [PMID: 38809501 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have recently garnered significant interest in being employed alongside conventional lithium-ion batteries, particularly in applications where cost and sustainability are particularly relevant. The rapid progress in NIBs will undoubtedly expedite the commercialization process. In this regard, tailoring and designing electrolyte formulation is a top priority, as they profoundly influence the overall electrochemical performance and thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stability. Moreover, electrolytes play a critical role in determining the system's safety level and overall lifespan. This review delves into recent electrolyte advancements from liquid (organic and ionic liquid) to solid and quasi-solid electrolyte (dry, hybrid, and single ion conducting electrolyte) for NIBs, encompassing comprehensive strategies for electrolyte design across various materials, systems, and their functional applications. The objective is to offer strategic direction for the systematic production of safe electrolytes and to investigate the potential applications of these designs in real-world scenarios while thoroughly assessing the current obstacles and forthcoming prospects within this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Darjazi
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Marisa Falco
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Francesca Colò
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Leonardo Balducci
- School of Sciences and Technologies - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri ChIP, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Giulia Piana
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Federico Bella
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
- Electrochemistry Group, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Meligrana
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Francesco Nobili
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
- School of Sciences and Technologies - Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri ChIP, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Elia
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Claudio Gerbaldi
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
- National Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL) - INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
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Meng N, Lian F, Wu L, Wang Y, Qiu J. Across Interfacial Li + Conduction Accelerated by a Single-Ion Conducting Polymer in Ceramic-Rich Composite Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39001811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Composite electrolytes have been accepted as the most promising species for solid-state batteries, exhibiting the synergistic advantages of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and solid ceramic electrolytes (SCEs). Unfortunately, the interrupted Li+ conduction across the SPE and SCE interface hinders the ionic conductivity improvement of composite electrolytes. In our study on a ceramic-rich composite electrolyte (CRCE) membrane composed of borate polyanion-based lithiated poly(vinyl formal) (LiPVFM) and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) particles, it is found that the strong interaction between the polyanions in LiPVFM and LATP particles results in a uniform distribution of ceramic particles at a high proportion of 50 wt % and good robustness of the electrolyte membrane with a Young's modulus of 9.20 GPa. More importantly, ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and experimental results demonstrate that Li+ conduction across the SPE and SCE interface is induced by the polyanion-based polymer due to its high lithium-ion transference number and similar Li+ diffusion coefficient with the SCE. Therefore, the unblocked Li+ conduction among ceramic particles dominates in the CRCE membrane with a high ionic conductivity of 6.60 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C, a lithium-ion transference number of 0.84, and a wide electrochemical stable window of 5.0 V (vs Li/Li+). Consequently, the high nickel ternary cathode LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2-based batteries with CRCE deliver a high-rate capability of 135.08 mAh g-1 at 1.0 C and a prolonged cycle life of 100 cycles at 0.2 C between 3.0 and 4.3 V. The polyanion-induced Li+ conduction across the interface sheds new light on solving composite electrolyte problems for solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fang Lian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Luetao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, PR China
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9
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Pham KH, Lin AK, Spear NA, Cushing SK. Laser-driven ultrafast impedance spectroscopy for measuring complex ion hopping processes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073004. [PMID: 39037294 DOI: 10.1063/5.0182323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Superionic conductors, or solid-state ion-conductors surpassing 0.01 S/cm in conductivity, can enable more energy dense batteries, robust artificial ion pumps, and optimized fuel cells. However, tailoring superionic conductors requires precise knowledge of ion migration mechanisms that are still not well understood due to limitations set by available spectroscopic tools. Most spectroscopic techniques do not probe ion hopping at its inherent picosecond timescale nor the many-body correlations between the migrating ions, lattice vibrational modes, and charge screening clouds-all of which are posited to greatly enhance ionic conduction. Here, we develop an ultrafast technique that measures the time-resolved change in impedance upon light excitation, which triggers selective ion-coupled correlations. We also develop a cost-effective, non-time-resolved laser-driven impedance method that is more accessible for lab-scale adoption. We use both techniques to compare the relative changes in impedance of a solid-state Li+ conductor Li0.5La0.5TiO3 (LLTO) before and after UV to THz frequency excitations to elucidate the corresponding ion-many-body-interaction correlations. From our techniques, we determine that electronic screening and phonon-mode interactions dominate the ion migration pathway of LLTO. Although we only present one case study, our technique can extend to O2-, H+, or other charge carrier transport phenomena where ultrafast correlations control transport. Furthermore, the temporal relaxation of the measured impedance can distinguish ion transport effects caused by many-body correlations, optical heating, correlation, and memory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim H Pham
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Amy K Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Natan A Spear
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Scott K Cushing
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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10
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Liu X, Bi Z, Wan Y, Guo X. Composition regulation of polyacrylonitrile-based polymer electrolytes enabling dual-interfacially stable solid-state lithium batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:582-591. [PMID: 38552575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is an attractive matrix of polymer electrolytes owing to its wide electrochemical window and strong coordination with Li salts. However, the PAN-based electrolytes undergo severe interfacial problems from both cathode and anode sides, including uneven ionic transfer induced by high rigidity of dry PAN-based polymer, as well as inferior stability against Li-metal anode. Herein, the composition regulation of PAN-based electrolytes is proposed by introducing succinonitrile (SN) plastic crystal and LiNO3 salt for the construction of interfacially stable solid-state lithium batteries. The plastic nature of SN enables the rapid ionic transfer in electrolytes, along with the establishment of conformally interfacial contacts. Meanwhile, a stable solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer consisting of Li3N and LiNO2 is in-situ formed at Li/electrolyte interface, contributing to the inhibition of uncontrol reactions between PAN and Li-metal. Consequently, the resultant Li symmetric cell delivers an extended critical current density of 1.7 mA cm-2 and an outstanding cycling lifespan of 700 h at 0.1 mA cm-2. Moreover, the corresponding solid-state LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/Li full cell shows an initial discharge capacity of 161 mAh/g followed by an outstanding capacity retention of 88.7 % after 100 cycles at 0.1C. This work paves the way for application of PAN-based electrolytes in the field of solid-state batteries by facile composition regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhijie Bi
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yong Wan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiangxin Guo
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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11
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Song K, Wang F, Zhang J, Niu B, Wang CC, Desta HG, Gao X, Tian D, Ling Y, Lin B. Developing abundant rare-earth iron perovskite electrodes for high-performance and low-cost solid oxide fuel cells. iScience 2024; 27:109982. [PMID: 38840837 PMCID: PMC11150971 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The swift advancement of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) sector necessitates a harmony between electrode performance and commercialization cost. The economic value of elements is frequently linked to their abundance in the Earth's crust. Here, we develop abundant rare-earth iron perovskite electrodes of Ln0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd) with high abundant rare-earth metals and preferred iron metal for SOFCs. All three symmetric electrode materials display a cubic perovskite phase and excellent chemical compatibility with Gd0.2Ce0.8O2-δ electrolyte. All three electrodes possess exceptional surface oxygen exchange ability. At 800°C, single cells with La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ, Pr0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ, and Nd0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ symmetric electrodes attained excellent open circuit voltages of 1.108, 1.101, and 1.097 V, respectively, as well as peak powers of 213.52, 281.12, and 254.58 mW cm-2. The results suggest that overall performance of abundant rare-earth iron perovskite electrodes has a favorable impact on the extensive expansion of SOFCs, presenting significant potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 16 Huizhandong Road, Huoju Development District, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Temperature Co-Fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 16 Huizhandong Road, Huoju Development District, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Biao Niu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | | | - Halefom G. Desta
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Temperature Co-Fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Temperature Co-Fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Yihan Ling
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Temperature Co-Fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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12
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Fukui Y, Yoshida Y, Kitagawa H, Jikihara Y. Systematic study of ionic conduction in silver iodide/mesoporous alumina composites 2: effects of silver bromide doping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13675-13682. [PMID: 38654606 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In our preceding paper (Y. Fukui et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 25594-25602), we reported a systematic study of the Ag+-ion conducting behaviour of silver iodide (AgI)-loaded mesoporous aluminas (MPAs) with different pore diameters and AgI-loading ratios. By optimising the control parameters, the Ag+-ion conductivity has reached 7.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature, which is more than three orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk AgI. In the present study, the effect of silver bromide (AgBr)-doping in the AgI/MPA composites on Ag+-ion conductivity is systematically investigated for the first time, using variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The AgBr-doped AgI/MPA composites, AgI-AgBr/MPA, formed a homogeneous β/γ-AgI-structured solid solution (β/γ-AgIss) for the composites with AgBr ≤ 10 mol%, above which the composites underwent a phase separation into β/γ-AgIss and face-centred cubic AgBr solid solutions (AgBrss). The onset temperature of the exothermic peaks attributed to the transition from α-AgI-structured solid-solution phase to β/γ-AgIss or AgBrss decreased with increasing the AgBr-doping ratio. The room-temperature ionic conductivity of the AgI-AgBr/MPA composites exhibited a volcano-type dependence on the AgBr-doping ratio with the highest value (1.6 × 10-3 S cm-1) when the AgBr content was 10 mol%. This value is more than twice as high as that of the highest conducting AgI/MPA found in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Fukui
- NBC Meshtec Inc., 2-50-3 Toyoda, Hino, Tokyo 191-0053, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Yohei Jikihara
- NBC Meshtec Inc., 2-50-3 Toyoda, Hino, Tokyo 191-0053, Japan.
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13
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Zheng Z, Zhou J, Zhu Y. Computational approach inspired advancements of solid-state electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries: from first-principles to machine learning. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3134-3166. [PMID: 38375570 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for high-security, high-performance, and low-cost energy storage systems (EESs) driven by the adoption of renewable energy is gradually surpassing the capabilities of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including inorganics, polymers, and composites, have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). ASSBs offer higher theoretical energy densities, improved safety, and extended cyclic stability, making them increasingly popular in academia and industry. However, the commercialization of ASSBs still faces significant challenges, such as unsatisfactory interfacial resistance and rapid dendrite growth. To overcome these problems, a thorough understanding of the complex chemical-electrochemical-mechanical interactions of SSE materials is essential. Recently, computational methods have played a vital role in revealing the fundamental mechanisms associated with SSEs and accelerating their development, ranging from atomistic first-principles calculations, molecular dynamic simulations, multiphysics modeling, to machine learning approaches. These methods enable the prediction of intrinsic properties and interfacial stability, investigation of material degradation, and exploration of topological design, among other factors. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of different numerical methods used in SSE research. We discuss the current state of knowledge in numerical auxiliary approaches, with a particular focus on machine learning-enabled methods, for the understanding of multiphysics-couplings of SSEs at various spatial and time scales. Additionally, we highlight insights and prospects for SSE advancements. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals working with energy storage systems and computational modeling and offers perspectives on the future directions of SSE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Zheng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
| | - Yusong Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
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14
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Firth AJ, Nakasu PYS, Hallett JP, Matthews RP. Exploiting Cation Structure and Water Content in Modulating the Acidity of Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Protic Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2311-2318. [PMID: 38386631 PMCID: PMC10926163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the effect of cation structure and water content on proton dissociation in alkylammonium [HSO4]- protic ionic liquids (ILs) doped with 20 wt % water and correlated this with experimental Hammett acidities. For pure systems, increased cation substitution resulted in a reduction in the number of direct anion-anion neighbors leading to larger numbers of small aggregates, which is further enhanced with addition of water. We also observed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSO4]- to water only for primary amine-based protic ILs, preceded by the formation of an anion trimer motif. Investigation using DFT calculations revealed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSO4]- to water can occur for each of the protic ILs investigated; however, this is dependent on the size of the anion aggregates. These findings are important in the fields of catalysis and lignocellulosic biomass, where solvent acidity is a crucial parameter in biomass fractionation and lignin chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton
E. J. Firth
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Pedro Y. S. Nakasu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Richard P. Matthews
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Bioscience, School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford, London E15 4LZ, U.K.
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15
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Yang H, Jing M, Wang L, Xu H, Yan X, He X. PDOL-Based Solid Electrolyte Toward Practical Application: Opportunities and Challenges. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:127. [PMID: 38381226 PMCID: PMC10881957 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Polymer solid-state lithium batteries (SSLB) are regarded as a promising energy storage technology to meet growing demand due to their high energy density and safety. Ion conductivity, interface stability and battery assembly process are still the main challenges to hurdle the commercialization of SSLB. As the main component of SSLB, poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDOL)-based solid polymer electrolytes polymerized in-situ are becoming a promising candidate solid electrolyte, for their high ion conductivity at room temperature, good battery electrochemical performances, and simple assembly process. This review analyzes opportunities and challenges of PDOL electrolytes toward practical application for polymer SSLB. The focuses include exploring the polymerization mechanism of DOL, the performance of PDOL composite electrolytes, and the application of PDOL. Furthermore, we provide a perspective on future research directions that need to be emphasized for commercialization of PDOL-based electrolytes in SSLB. The exploration of these schemes facilitates a comprehensive and profound understanding of PDOL-based polymer electrolyte and provides new research ideas to boost them toward practical application in solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoxiang Jing
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wu L, Lv H, Zhang R, Ding P, Tang M, Liu S, Wang L, Liu F, Guo X, Yu H. Ferroelectric BaTiO 3 Regulating the Local Electric Field for Interfacial Stability in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38314720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state Li metal batteries (SSLMBs) are widely investigated since they possess promising energy density and high safety. However, the poor interfacial compatibility between the electrolyte and electrodes limits their promising development. Herein, a robust composite electrolyte (poly(vinyl ethylene carbonate) electrolyte with 3 wt % of BaTiO3, PVEC-3BTO) with excellent interfacial performance is rationally designed by incorporating ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles into the poly(vinyl ethylene carbonate) (PVEC) electrolyte matrix. Benefiting from the high dielectric constant and ferroelectric properties of BTO, the interfacial compatibility between electrolytes and electrodes was significantly improved. The enhanced Li+ transference number (0.64) of solid electrolyte and in situ generated BaF2 inorganic interphase contribute to the enhanced cycling stability of PVEC-3BTO based Li//Li symmetrical batteries. Furthermore, the antioxidation ability of PVEC-3BTO has also been enhanced by modulating the local electric field for good pairing with high-voltage LiCoO2 material. Therefore, in this work, the mechanism of BTO for improving interfacial compatibility is revealed, and also useful methods for addressing the interface issues of SSLMBs have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Wu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Lv
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing Huairou Laboratory, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lihang Wang
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Fangzheng Liu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Guo
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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17
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Fu J, Wang S, Wu D, Luo J, Wang C, Liang J, Lin X, Hu Y, Zhang S, Zhao F, Li W, Li M, Duan H, Zhao Y, Gu M, Sham TK, Mo Y, Sun X. Halide Heterogeneous Structure Boosting Ionic Diffusion and High-Voltage Stability of Sodium Superionic Conductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308012. [PMID: 37848393 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SSSBs) heavily hinges on the development of an superionic Na+ conductor (SSC) that features high conductivity, (electro)chemical stability, and deformability. The construction of heterogeneous structures offers a promising approach to comprehensively enhancing these properties in a way that differs from traditional structural optimization. Here, this work exploits the structural variance between high- and low-coordination halide frameworks to develop a new class of halide heterogeneous structure electrolytes (HSEs). The halide HSEs incorporating a UCl3 -type high-coordination framework and amorphous low-coordination phase achieves the highest Na+ conductivity (2.7 mS cm-1 at room temperature, RT) among halide SSCs so far. By discerning the individual contribution of the crystalline bulk, amorphous region, and interface, this work unravels the synergistic ion conduction within halide HSEs and provides a comprehensive explanation of the amorphization effect. More importantly, the excellent deformability, high-voltage stability, and expandability of HSEs enable effective SSSB integration. Using a cold-pressed cathode electrode composite of uncoated Na0.85 Mn0.5 Ni0.4 Fe0.1 O2 and HSEs, the SSSBs present stable cycle performance with a capacity retention of 91.0% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Duojie Wu
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Changhong Wang
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Xiaoting Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Feipeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Weihan Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Minsi Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hui Duan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Meng Gu
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, P. R. China
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18
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Ali S, Ahmad Shah SS, Sufyan Javed M, Najam T, Parkash A, Khan S, Bajaber MA, Eldin SMM, Tayeb RA, Rahman MM, Qi J. Recent Advances of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides-Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices, in View of Monovalent to Divalent Ions. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300145. [PMID: 37358343 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The fast growth of electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems necessitates using innovative, high-performance electrode materials. Among the various EES devices, rechargeable batteries (RBs) with potential features like high energy density and extensive lifetime are well suited to meet rapidly increasing energy demands. Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), typical two dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, are considered auspicious materials for RBs because of their layered structures and large specific surface areas (SSA) that benefit quick ion transportation. This review summarizes and highlights recent advances in TMDs with improved performance for various RBs. Through novel engineering and functionalization used for high-performance RBs, we briefly discuss the properties, characterizations, and electrochemistry phenomena of TMDs. We summarised that engineering with multiple techniques, like nanocomposites used for TMDs receives special attention. In conclusion, the recent issues and promising upcoming research openings for developing TMDs-based electrodes for RBs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salamat Ali
- School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tayyaba Najam
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Anand Parkash
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, 400021, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Majed A Bajaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M M Eldin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Roaa A Tayeb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Alfaisaliah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR)&Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
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19
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Cai M, Zheng C, Li J, Shi C, Yin R, Ren Z, Hu J, Li Y, He C, Zhang Q, Ren X. Revealing the role of hydrogen bond coupling structure for enhanced performance of the solid-state electrolyte. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:529-539. [PMID: 37607415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Achieving practical applications of PEO-based composite solid electrolyte (CPE) batteries requires the precise design of filler structures at the molecular level to form stable composite interfacial phases, which in turn improve the conductivity of Li+ and inhibit the nucleation growth of lithium dendrites. Some functional fillers suffer from severe agglomeration due to poor compatibility with the polymer base or grain boundary migration, resulting in limited improvement in cell performance. In this paper, ILs@KAP1 is reported as a filler to enhance the performance of PEO-based batteries. Thereinto, the hypercrosslinked phosphorus ligand polymer-containing KAP1, designed at the molecular level, has an abundant porous structure, hydrogen bonding network, and a rigid skeleton structure of benzene rings. These can be used both to improve the flammability with PEO-based and to reduce the crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte. Ionic liquids (ILs) are encapsulated in the nanochannels of KAP1, and thus a 3D Li+ conducting framework could be formed. In this case, it could not only facilitate the wettability of the contact interface with the electrode, significantly promoting its compatibility and providing a fast Li+ transport path, but also facilitate the formation of LiF, Li3N and Li2O rich SEI components, further fostering the uniform deposition/exfoliation of lithium. The LFP||CPE||Li battery assembled with ILs@KAP1-PEO-CPE has a high initial discharge specific capacity about 156 mAh/g at 1C and a remaining capacity about 121.8 mAh/g after 300 cycles (capacity retention of 78.07%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Changyong Zheng
- Shanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group) Co., Ltd., Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Xi'an Clean Energy (Chemical) Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, PR China
| | - Jixiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Chuan Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Ruonan Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China.
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Yongliang Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China.
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20
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Chen X, Zhang J, Zhong G, Ouyang Y, Yu S, Wang C, Sun K, Liao X, Kuang X, Chen Y, Peng Z. Disentangling the Li-Ion transport and Boundary Phase Transition Processes in Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 Electrolyte by In-Operando High-Pressure and High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302863. [PMID: 37263986 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion transport and phase transition of solid electrolytes are critical and fundamental issues governing the rate and cycling performances of solid-state batteries. In this work, in-operando high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the solid-state battery is developed and applied, in combination with 6 Li-tracer NMR and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, to investigate the Li10 GeP2 S12 electrolyte under true-to-life operation conditions. The results reveal that the Li10 GeP2 S12 phase may become more disordered and a large amount of conductive metastable β-Li3 PS4 as the glassy matrix in the electrolyte transforms into less conductive phases, mainly γ-Li3 PS4 , when high current densities (e.g., ≥0.5 mA cm-2 ) are applied to the electrolyte. The overall Li-transport also varies and shows a tendency of boundary phases and Li10 GeP2 S12 synergistic dominant conduction at high currents. Accordingly, a mechanism of structural change induced by stress variation due to the drastic morphological change during Li-In alloying at high currents, and the local Li+ diffusion coefficient discrepancy is proposed. These new findings of Li-ion transport and boundary phase transition in Li10 GeP2 S12 solid electrolyte under high-pressure and high current density are first reported and will help provide previously lacking insights into the relationship of structure and performance of Li10 GeP2 S12 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinxiao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Guiming Zhong
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- 21C Innovation Laboratory, Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd. (21C LAB), Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Yimei Ouyang
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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21
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Fukui Y, Yoshida Y, Kitagawa H, Jikihara Y. Systematic study of ionic conduction in silver iodide/mesoporous alumina composites 1: effects of pore size and filling level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25594-25602. [PMID: 37721053 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of Ag+-ion conducting behavior in Ag+-loaded porous materials was conducted over the entire sub-10 nm region for the first time. The effects of the pore diameter of mesoporous aluminas (MPAs) and the amount of silver iodide (AgI) loaded into MPAs were investigated using N2 gas adsorption/desorption, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Confinement of AgI in the mesoporous space lowers the phase transition temperature between the β/γ- and α-phases relative to that of bulk AgI. The AgI-loading into the MPAs with smaller pores led to a more significant decrease in the transition temperature, possibly because the smaller AgI nanoparticles in the pores must have a higher surface energy to stabilize the high-temperature phase. The room-temperature ionic conductivity exhibits a volcano-type dependence on the pore diameter with the highest value when AgI was loaded into MPA with a pore diameter of 7.1 nm (7.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature). Concerning the 7.1 nm-MPA, the room-temperature ionic conductivity was the highest for the nearly fully occupied composite, which is more than three orders of magnitude higher than that of the bulk AgI. The present study reveals that the Ag+-ion conductivity in AgI/MPA composites can be controlled by optimizing the pore diameter of MPA and the AgI-loading ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Fukui
- NBC Meshtec Inc., 2-50-3 Toyoda, Hino, Tokyo 191-0053, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Yohei Jikihara
- NBC Meshtec Inc., 2-50-3 Toyoda, Hino, Tokyo 191-0053, Japan.
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22
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Chen M, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yu B, Zhou L, Xiao Y, Gao X, Xiao J, Li C, Sun Y, Liu H, Dou S, Chou S. Reactive boride as a multifunctional interface stabilizer for garnet-type solid electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium batteries. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13076-13085. [PMID: 37498536 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries are one of the most important game changers in electrochemical energy storage since they are free from the risk of leakage of hazardous flammable liquid solvents. Among the various types of solid-state electrolytes, Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 garnets possess many desirable advantages to be considered a suitable candidate for lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical application has been hindered by premature short-circuits due to lithium dendrite growth, nonnegligible electronic conductivity and interfacial air sensitivity issues. Herein, we propose a multifunctional layer strategy to simultaneously address both the interface and electronic conductivity issues. With the help of a facile chemical process based on reactive cobalt boride, electron leakage was effectively blocked and the electrochemical performance/stability could be well maintained over extended cycles. The cobalt boride-coating layer also possessed an impressive Li metal wetting ability while sustaining a low interfacial resistance. A full cell paired with a commercialized cathode showed satisfactory performance with low overpotentials and a high specific capacity over 150 mA h g-1. Moreover, first-principle calculations further revealed the status of the rearrangement of the electron cloud behind the charge-density difference, and the nature of the low diffusion energy barrier of the reactive cobalt boride protective layer. Our strategy highlights the necessity of designing proper multifunctional layers in the garnet-type solid-state lithium-ion battery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning, China
| | - Binkai Yu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Limin Zhou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Chimie du Solide-Energie, UMR8260, Collège de France, Cedex 05, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Jin Xiao
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China.
| | - Chunsheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215009, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrode Materials for Novel Solar Cells for Petroleum and Chemical Industry of China, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province 215009, China.
| | - Huakun Liu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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23
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Shi P, Ma J, Liu M, Guo S, Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Chen L, Yang K, Liu X, Li Y, An X, Zhang D, Cheng X, Li Q, Lv W, Zhong G, He YB, Kang F. A dielectric electrolyte composite with high lithium-ion conductivity for high-voltage solid-state lithium metal batteries. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:602-610. [PMID: 36894781 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity of composite solid-state electrolytes does not meet the application requirements of solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries owing to the harsh space charge layer of different phases and low concentration of movable Li+. Herein, we propose a robust strategy for creating high-throughput Li+ transport pathways by coupling the ceramic dielectric and electrolyte to overcome the low ionic conductivity challenge of composite solid-state electrolytes. A highly conductive and dielectric composite solid-state electrolyte is constructed by compositing the poly(vinylidene difluoride) matrix and the BaTiO3-Li0.33La0.56TiO3-x nanowires with a side-by-side heterojunction structure (PVBL). The polarized dielectric BaTiO3 greatly promotes the dissociation of Li salt to produce more movable Li+, which locally and spontaneously transfers across the interface to coupled Li0.33La0.56TiO3-x for highly efficient transport. The BaTiO3-Li0.33La0.56TiO3-x effectively restrains the formation of the space charge layer with poly(vinylidene difluoride). These coupling effects contribute to a quite high ionic conductivity (8.2 × 10-4 S cm-1) and lithium transference number (0.57) of the PVBL at 25 °C. The PVBL also homogenizes the interfacial electric field with electrodes. The LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/PVBL/Li solid-state batteries stably cycle 1,500 times at a current density of 180 mA g-1, and pouch batteries also exhibit an excellent electrochemical and safety performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Shi
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabin Ma
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoke Guo
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xufei An
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qidong Li
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guiming Zhong
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-Electrochemistry and Lithium-Ion Batteries, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Yan-Bing He
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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24
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Chen Y, Cui Y, Wang S, Xiao Y, Niu J, Huang J, Wang F, Chen S. Durable and Adjustable Interfacial Engineering of Polymeric Electrolytes for Both Stable Ni-Rich Cathodes and High-Energy Metal Anodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300982. [PMID: 36808778 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Achieving stable cycling of high-voltage solid-state lithium metal batteries is crucial for next-generation rechargeable batteries with high energy density and high safety. However, the complicated interface problems in both cathode/anode electrodes preclude their practical applications hitherto. Herein, to simultaneously solve such interfacial limitations and obtain sufficient Li+ conductivity in the electrolyte, an ultrathin and adjustable interface is developed at the cathode side through a convenient surface in situ polymerization (SIP), achieving a durable high-voltage tolerance and Li-dendrite inhibition. The integrated interfacial engineering fabricates a homogeneous solid electrolyte with optimized interfacial interactions that contributes to tame the interfacial compatibility between LiNix Coy Mnz O2 and polymeric electrolyte accompanied by anticorrosion of aluminum current collector. Further, the SIP enables a uniform adjustment of solid electrolyte composition by dissolving additives such as Na+ and K+ salts, which presents prominent cyclability in symmetric Li cells (>300 cycles at 5 mA cm-2 ). The assembled LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (4.3 V)||Li batteries show excellent cycle life with high Coulombic efficiencies (>99%). This SIP strategy is also investigated and verified in sodium metal batteries. It opens a new frontier for solid electrolytes toward high-voltage and high-energy metal battery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology of Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, P. R. China
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yingyue Cui
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Simeng Wang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology of Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, P. R. China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology of Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology of Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, P. R. China
| | - Shimou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology of Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, P. R. China
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25
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Xu X, Wang Y, Yi Q, Wang X, Paredes Camacho RA, Kungl H, Eichel RA, Lu L, Zhang H. Ion Conduction in Composite Polymer Electrolytes: Potential Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202152. [PMID: 36647610 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to become alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as next-generation rechargeable batteries, owing to abundant sodium sources and low cost. However, SIBs still use liquid organic electrolytes (LOEs), which are highly flammable and have the tendency to leak. Although inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been investigated for many years, given their higher safety level, neither of them is likely to be commercialized because of the rigidity of ISEs and the low room-temperature ionic conductivity of SPEs. During the last decade, composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs), composed of ISEs and SPEs, exhibiting both relatively high ionic conductivity and flexibility, have gained much attention and are considered as promising electrolytes. However, the ionic conductivities of CPEs are still unsatisfactory for practical application. Hence, this Review focuses on the principle of sodium ion conductors and particularly on recent investigations and development of CPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, 401123, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yumei Wang
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, 401123, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yi
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, 401123, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, 401123, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hans Kungl
- Fundamental electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ruediger A Eichel
- Fundamental electrochemistry (IEK-9), Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Li Lu
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, 401123, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huangwei Zhang
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, 401123, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Stavola A, Sun X, Guida DP, Bruck AM, Cao D, Okasinski JS, Chuang AC, Zhu H, Gallaway JW. Lithiation Gradients and Tortuosity Factors in Thick NMC111-Argyrodite Solid-State Cathodes. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:1273-1280. [PMID: 37941794 PMCID: PMC10629242 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high energy density in all-solid-state lithium batteries will require the design of thick cathodes, and these will need to operate reversibly under normal use conditions. We use high-energy depth-profiling X-ray diffraction to measure the localized lithium content of Li1-xNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111) through the thickness of 110 μm thick composite cathodes. The composite cathodes consisted of NMC111 of varying mass loadings mixed with argyrodite solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl (LPSC). During cycling at C/10, substantial lithiation gradients developed, and varying the NMC111 loading altered the nature of these gradients. Microstructural analysis and cathode modeling showed this was due to high tortuosities in the cathodes. This was particularly true in the solid electrolyte phase, which experienced a marked increase in tortuosity factor during the initial charge. Our results demonstrate that current distributions are observed in sulfide-based composites and that these will be an important consideration for practical design of all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa
M. Stavola
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Dominick P. Guida
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Andrea M. Bruck
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Daxian Cao
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - John S. Okasinski
- X-ray
Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Andrew C. Chuang
- X-ray
Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Joshua W. Gallaway
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
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27
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Carnide G, Champouret Y, Valappil D, Vahlas C, Mingotaud A, Clergereaux R, Kahn ML. Secured Nanosynthesis-Deposition Aerosol Process for Composite Thin Films Incorporating Highly Dispersed Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204929. [PMID: 36529954 PMCID: PMC9929256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanocomposites in daily life requires not only small nanoparticles (NPs) well dispersed in a matrix, but also a manufacturing process that is mindful of the operator and the environment. Avoiding any exposure to NPs is one such way, and direct liquid reaction-injection (DLRI) aims to fulfill this need. DLRI is based on the controlled in situ synthesis of NPs from the decomposition of suitable organometallic precursors in conditions that are compatible with a pulsed injection mode of an aerosol into a downstream process. Coupled with low-pressure plasma, DLRI produces nanocomposite with homogeneously well-dispersed small nanoparticles that in the particular case of ZnO-DLC nanocomposite exhibit unique properties. DLRI favorably compares with the direct liquid injection of ex situ formed NPs. The exothermic hydrolysis reaction of the organometallic precursor at the droplet-gas interface leads to the injection of small and highly dispersed NPs and, consequently, the deposition of fine and controlled distribution in the nanocomposite. The scope of DLRI nanosynthesis has been extended to several metal oxides such as zinc, tin, tungsten, and copper to generalize the concept. Hence, DLRI is an attractive method to synthesize, inject, and deposit nanoparticles and meets the prevention and atom economy requirements of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Carnide
- LCCCNRS UPR8241Université de Toulouse205 route de NarbonneToulouse31077France
- LAPLACECNRS UMR5213Université de Toulouse118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Yohan Champouret
- LCCCNRS UPR8241Université de Toulouse205 route de NarbonneToulouse31077France
- LAPLACECNRS UMR5213Université de Toulouse118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Divyendu Valappil
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseCNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, 118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Constantin Vahlas
- CIRIMATCNRS UMR5085Université de Toulouse4 allée Émile Monso, BP‐44362, Toulouse Cedex 4Toulouse31030France
| | - Anne‐Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseCNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, 118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Richard Clergereaux
- LAPLACECNRS UMR5213Université de Toulouse118 route de NarbonneToulouse31062France
| | - Myrtil L. Kahn
- LCCCNRS UPR8241Université de Toulouse205 route de NarbonneToulouse31077France
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Abstract
Electrolytes and the associated interphases constitute the critical components to support the emerging battery chemistries that promise tantalizing energy but involve drastic phase and structure complications. Designing better electrolytes and interphases holds the key to the success of these batteries. As the only component that interfaces with every other component in the device, an electrolyte must satisfy multiple criteria simultaneously. These include transporting ions while insulating electrons between the electrodes and maintaining stability against electrodes of extreme chemical natures: the strongly oxidative cathode and the strongly reductive anode. In most advanced batteries, the two electrodes operate at potentials far beyond the thermodynamic stability limits of electrolytes, so the stability therein has to be realized kinetically through an interphase formed from the sacrificial reactions between electrolyte and electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirley Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Research Laboratory, Adelphi Laboratory Center, MD 20783, USA
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29
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Improved Conductivity in Gellan Gum and Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Electrolytes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248721. [PMID: 36557855 PMCID: PMC9785073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were obtained using gellan gum (GG) and 1 to 40 wt.% of montmorillonite (Na+SYN-1) clay. The NPEs were crosslinked with formaldehyde, plasticized with glycerol, and contained LiClO4. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), UV-vis transmittance and reflectance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR). The NPEs of GG and 40 wt.% LiClO4 showed the highest conductivity of 2.14 × 10-6 and 3.10 × 10-4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. The samples with 10 wt.% Na+SYN-1 had a conductivity of 1.86 × 10-5 and 3.74 × 10-4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. TGA analyses revealed that the samples are thermally stable up to 190 °C and this did not change with clay addition. The transparency of the samples decreased with the increase in the clay content and at the same time their reflectance increased. Finally, CW-EPR was performed to identify the coordination environment of Cu2+ ions in the GG NPEs. The samples doped with the lowest copper concentration exhibit the typical EPR spectra due to isolated Cu2+ ions in axially distorted sites. At high concentrations, the spectra become isotropic because of dipolar and exchange magnetic effects. In summary, GG/clay NPEs presented good ionic conductivity results, which qualifies them for electrochemical device applications.
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30
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Holmes SE, Liu F, Zhang W, Sayavong P, Oyakhire ST, Cui Y. Investigating the Cyclability and Stability at the Interfaces of Composite Solid Electrolytes in Li Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53736-53743. [PMID: 36416366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that much work has been dedicated to finding the ideal additive for composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) for lithium-based solid-state batteries, little is known about the properties of a CSE that enable stable cycling with a lithium metal anode. In this work, we use three CSEs based on lithium nitride (Li3N), a fast lithium-ion conductor, and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) to investigate the properties and interfacial interactions that impact the cyclability of CSEs. We present a method for stabilizing Li3N with a shell of LiOH, and we incorporate Li3N, core-shell particles, and LiOH into CSEs using polyethylene oxide (PEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Through improved interfacial chemistry, CSEs with core-shell particles have superior electrochemical cycling performance compared to those with unprotected Li3N in symmetric Li-Li cells. This CSE features a high ionic conductivity of 0.66 mS cm-1 at 60 °C, a high critical current density of 1.2 mA cm-2, and a wide voltage window of 0-5.1 V. Full cells with the core-shell CSE and lithium iron phosphate cathodes exhibit stable cycling and high reversible specific capacities in cells as high as 2.5 mAh cm-2. We report that the improved ionic conductivity and amorphous PEO content have a limited effect on the solid-state electrolyte performance, while improving the electrolyte-Li metal anode interface is key to cycling longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Philaphon Sayavong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Solomon T Oyakhire
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
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31
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MOF lamellar membrane-derived LLTO solid state electrolyte for high lithium ion conduction. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Solid-State Electrochemistry and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Status and Future Prospects. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSolid-state electrochemistry (SSE) is an interdisciplinary field bridging electrochemistry and solid-state ionics and deals primarily with the properties of solids that conduct ions in the case of ionic conducting solid electrolytes and electrons and/or electron holes in the case of mixed ionic and electronic conducting materials. However, in solid-state devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), there are unique electrochemical features due to the high operating temperature (600–1 000 °C) and solid electrolytes and electrodes. The solid-to-solid contact at the electrode/electrolyte interface is one of the most distinguished features of SOFCs and is one of the fundamental reasons for the occurance of most importance phenomena such as shift of the equipotential lines, the constriction effect, polarization-induced interface formation, etc. in SOFCs. The restriction in placing the reference electrode in solid electrolyte cells further complicates the SSE in SOFCs. In addition, the migration species at the solid electrode/electrolyte interface is oxygen ions, while in the case of the liquid electrolyte system, the migration species is electrons. The increased knowledge and understanding of SSE phenomena have guided the development of SOFC technologies in the last 30–40 years, but thus far, no up-to-date reviews on this important topic have appeared. The purpose of the current article is to review and update the progress and achievements in the SSE in SOFCs, largely based on the author’s past few decades of research and understanding in the field, and to serve as an introduction to the basics of the SSE in solid electrolyte devices such as SOFCs.
Graphical abstract
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33
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Miao X, Guan S, Ma C, Li L, Nan CW. Role of Interfaces in Solid-State Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206402. [PMID: 36062873 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy-storage technology, because they simultaneously exhibit high safety, high energy density, and wide operating temperature range. The replacement of liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes produces numerous solid-solid interfaces within the SSBs. A thorough understanding on the roles of these interfaces is indispensable for the rational performance optimization. In this review, the interface issues in the SSBs, including internal buried interfaces within solid electrolytes and composite electrodes, and planar interfaces between electrodes and solid electrolyte separators or current collectors are discussed. The challenges and future directions on the investigation and optimization of these solid-solid interfaces for the production of the SSBs are also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shundong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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34
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Jiang F, Wang Y, Ju J, Zhou Q, Cui L, Wang J, Zhu G, Miao H, Zhou X, Cui G. Percolated Sulfide in Salt-Concentrated Polymer Matrices Extricating High-Voltage All-Solid-State Lithium-metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202474. [PMID: 35750647 PMCID: PMC9443466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASLMBs) are considered to be remarkably promising energy storage devices owing to their high safety and energy density. However, the limitations of current solid electrolytes in oxidation stability and ion transport properties have emerged as fundamental barriers in practical applications. Herein, a novel solid electrolyte is presented by in situ polymerization of salt-concentrated poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) implanted with a three-dimensional porous L10 GeP2 S12 skeleton to mitigate these issues. The poly(PEGDE) endows more oxygen atoms to coordinate with Li+ , significantly lowering its highest occupied molecular orbital level. As a consequence, the electro-oxidation resistance of poly(PEGDE) exceeds 4.7 V versus Li+ /Li. Simultaneously, the three-dimensonal porous L10 GeP2 S12 skeleton provides a percolated pathway for rapid Li+ migration, ensuring a sufficient ionic conductivity of 7.7 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature. As the bottlenecks are well solved, 4.5 V LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 -based ASLMBs present fantastic cycle performance over 200 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.6% at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
| | - Yantao Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Ju
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
| | - Longfei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
| | - Guoxi Zhu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
| | - Huancheng Miao
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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Wen K, Xin C, Guan S, Wu X, He S, Xue C, Liu S, Shen Y, Li L, Nan CW. Ion-Dipole Interaction Regulation Enables High-Performance Single-Ion Polymer Conductors for Solid-State Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202143. [PMID: 35726177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes with large ionic conductivity, high ionic transference number, and good interfacial compatibility with electrodes are highly desired for solid-state batteries. However, unwanted polarizations and side reactions occurring in traditional dual-ion polymer conductors hinder their practical applications. Here, single-ion polymer conductors (SIPCs) with exceptional selectivity for Li-ion conduction (Li-ion transference number up to 0.93), high room-temperature ionic conductivity of about 10-4 S cm-1 , and a wide electrochemical stability window (>4.5 V, vs Li/Li+ ) are prepared by precisely regulating the ion-dipole interactions between Li+ and carbonyl/cyano groups. The resulting SIPCs show an excellent electrochemical stability with Li metal during long-term cycling at room temperature and 60 °C. LiFePO4 -based solid-state cells containing the SIPCs exhibit good rate and cycling performance in a wide temperature range from -20 to 90 °C. By the same way of ion-dipole interaction regulation, sodium- and potassium-based SIPCs with both high ionic conductivity and high cationic transference numbers are also prepared. The findings in this work provide guidance for the development of high-performance SIPCs and other metal-ion systems beyond Li+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Wen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengzhou Xin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shundong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuanjiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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36
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Operating an ozone-evolving PEM electrolyser in tap water: A case study of water and ion transport. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Zhang L, Lin Y, Peng X, Wu M, Zhao T. A High-Capacity Polyethylene Oxide-Based All-Solid-State Battery Using a Metal-Organic Framework Hosted Silicon Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24798-24805. [PMID: 35603575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based solid electrolytes have been widely studied in all-solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries due to their favorable interfacial contact with electrodes, facile fabrication, and low cost, but their inferior Li dendrite suppression capability renders low actual areal capacities of Li metal anodes. Here, we develop a high-capacity all-solid-state battery using a metal-organic framework hosted silicon (Si@MOF) anode and a fiber-supported PEO/garnet composite electrolyte. Si nanoparticles are embedded in the micro-sized MOF-derived carbon host, which efficiently accommodates the repeated deformation of Si over cycles while providing sufficient charge transfer pathways. As a result, the Si@MOF anode shows excellent interfacial stability toward the composite polymer electrolyte for over 1000 h and achieves a high reversible areal capacity of 3 mAh cm-2. The full cell using the LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode is able to deliver 135 mAh g-1 initially and maintains 73.1% of the capacity after 500 cycles at 0.5 C and 60 °C. More remarkably, the full cells with high LFP loadings achieve areal capacities of more than 2 mAh cm-2, exceeding most PEO-based ASSBs using metallic Li. Finally, the pouch cell using the proposed design exhibits decent electrochemical performance and high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leicheng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanke Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maochun Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tianshou Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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He J, Chen H, Wang D, Zhang Q, Zhong G, Peng Z. Interfacial Barrier of Ion Transport in Poly(ethylene oxide)-Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Composite Electrolytes Illustrated by 6Li-Tracer Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1500-1505. [PMID: 35130438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the lithium-ion transport mechanism in polymer-inorganic composite electrolyte is crucially important for the rational design of composite electrolytes for solid-state batteries. In this work, the Li+ ion transport pathway in a model composite electrolyte of PEO containing sparsely dispersed LLZO (PEO-LLZO) was studied by an advanced characterization technique, i.e., 6Li-tracer NMR spectroscopy. By analyzing the 6Li distribution within the PEO-LLZO composite at the end of the discharge of an electrochemical cell of 6Li | PEO-LLZO | stainless steel with a fixed capacity (less than the total amount of the Li+ in the composite) at various current densities, it is found that the interfacial barrier between LLZO and PEO could cause a reduced Li+ flux through LLZO, particularly at high current densities, and therefore plays a critical role in determining the Li+ transport pathway in the composite electrolyte. This work provides an intuitive picture of Li+ ion transport in a polymer-inorganic composite electrolyte that is helpful to optimize and design better composite electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Relative Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Huixin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, Jilin, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Power Batteries and Relative Materials, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guiming Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, Liaoning, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies Co. Ltd., Liyang 213300, Jiangsu, China
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Li Z, Lu Y, Su Q, Wu M, Que X, Liu H. High-Power Bipolar Solid-State Batteries Enabled by In-Situ-Formed Ionogels for Vehicle Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5402-5413. [PMID: 35049271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Employing solid electrolytes (SEs) for lithium-ion batteries can boost the battery tolerance under abusive conditions and enable the implementation of bipolar cell stacking, leading to higher cell energy and power density as well as simplified thermal management. In this context, a bipolar solid-state battery (SSB) has received ever-increasing attention in recent years. However, poor solid-solid interfacial contact within the bipolar SSB deteriorates the battery power capability, representing a technical challenge for vehicle applications. In this work, a bipolar SSB pouch cell with two cell units connected in series is demonstrated without any short circuit or current leakage. With the assistance of an in-situ-formed nonflammable ionogel at particle-to-particle interfaces, the constructed bipolar cell manifests superior power capability and can meet the engineering cold crank requirements in 0, -10, and -18 °C environments. Furthermore, the excellent tolerance of the ionogel-introduced bipolar SSB under abusive conditions was proved by folding, cutting, and burning the cells. The above salient features suggested that the developed strategy herein holds promise to advance the next-generation high-performance SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- China Science Lab, General Motors Global Research & Development, Shanghai 201206, P. R. China
| | - Yong Lu
- China Science Lab, General Motors Global Research & Development, Shanghai 201206, P. R. China
| | - Qili Su
- China Science Lab, General Motors Global Research & Development, Shanghai 201206, P. R. China
| | - Meiyuan Wu
- China Science Lab, General Motors Global Research & Development, Shanghai 201206, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochao Que
- China Science Lab, General Motors Global Research & Development, Shanghai 201206, P. R. China
| | - Haijing Liu
- China Science Lab, General Motors Global Research & Development, Shanghai 201206, P. R. China
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40
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Wang B, Wang G, He P, Fan LZ. Rational design of ultrathin composite solid-state electrolyte for high-performance lithium metal batteries. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Zeng X, Li X, Xu J, Wang X, Deng S, He L, Sun J, Kuang X, Xing X. Structure, electrical properties, and conduction mechanism of new germanate mixed Zn-doped In 2Ge 2O 7 conductors. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new germanate mixed electronic and oxide ionic conductor In1.8Zn0.2Ge2O6.9 was developed, which exhibits two-dimensional anisotropic transport nature by oxygen exchange between adjacent Ge2O7 units, with a conductivity of 1.62 × 10–2 S cm−1 at 1000 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Oxide Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jungu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Oxide Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Deng
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunhua He
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Oxide Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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42
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Tian L, Tao F, Wang X, Liu M, Kang X, Liu Z. Efficient Improvement of Lithium Ionic Conductivity for Polymer Electrolyte via Introducing porous Metal–Organic Frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6717-6720. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyte membrane plays a vital role in the practical conduction application of lithium-ion batteries. In this study, a series of PVDF-HFP/MOF-5 composite electrolyte materials were harvested by incorporating MOF-5 into...
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43
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Gao Y. Hf-based UiO-66-type solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid electrolytes composed of Hf-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized with excellent cycling stabilities. Their ionic conductivities were up to 2.82 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- College of Chemical Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Chemical Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- College of Chemical Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- College of Chemical Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
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44
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Sun H, Liu Q, Chen J, Li Y, Ye H, Zhao J, Geng L, Dai Q, Yang T, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang L, Tang Y, Huang J. In Situ Visualization of Lithium Penetration through Solid Electrolyte and Dead Lithium Dynamics in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19070-19079. [PMID: 34494816 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The two biggest promises of solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries (SSLMBs) are the suppression of Li dendrites by solid-state electrolyte (SSE) and the realization of a high-energy-density Li anode. However, LMBs have not met their expectations due to Li dendrite growth causing short-circuiting. In fact, Li dendrites grow even more easily in SSE than in liquid electrolyte, but the reason for this remains unclear. Here we report in situ transmission electron microscopy observations of Li dendrite penetration through SSE and "dead" Li formation dynamics in SSLMBs. We show direct evidence that large electrochemomechanical stress generates cracks in the SSE and drives Li through the SSE directly. We revealed that fresh Li nucleation sites emerged in every discharge cycle, creating new "dead" Li in the following charging cycle and becoming the dominant Coulombic efficiency decay mechanism in SSLMBs. These results indicate that engineering flaw size and reducing electronic conductivity in SSEs are essential to improve the performance of SSLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Sun
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianyu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
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45
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Wood BC, Varley JB, Kweon KE, Shea P, Hall AT, Grieder A, Ward M, Aguirre VP, Rigling D, Lopez Ventura E, Stancill C, Adelstein N. Paradigms of frustration in superionic solid electrolytes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 34628943 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Superionic solid electrolytes have widespread use in energy devices, but the fundamental motivations for fast ion conduction are often elusive. In this Perspective, we draw upon atomistic simulations of a wide range of superionic conductors to illustrate some ways frustration can lower diffusion cation barriers in solids. Based on our studies of halides, oxides, sulfides and hydroborates and a survey of published reports, we classify three types of frustration that create competition between different local atomic preferences, thereby flattening the diffusive energy landscape. These include chemical frustration, which derives from competing factors in the anion-cation interaction; structural frustration, which arises from lattice arrangements that induce site distortion or prevent cation ordering; and dynamical frustration, which is associated with temporary fluctuations in the energy landscape due to anion reorientation or cation reconfiguration. For each class of frustration, we provide detailed simulation analyses of various materials to show how ion mobility is facilitated, resulting in stabilizing factors that are both entropic and enthalpic in origin. We propose the use of these categories as a general construct for classifying frustration in superionic conductors and discuss implications for future development of suitable descriptors and improvement strategies. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Wood
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Joel B Varley
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Kyoung E Kweon
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Shea
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Alex T Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Grieder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michaele Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent P Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Rigling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eduardoe Lopez Ventura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chimara Stancill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Adelstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
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46
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Wood BC, Varley JB, Kweon KE, Shea P, Hall AT, Grieder A, Ward M, Aguirre VP, Rigling D, Lopez Ventura E, Stancill C, Adelstein N. Paradigms of frustration in superionic solid electrolytes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20190467. [PMID: 34628943 PMCID: PMC8529417 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Superionic solid electrolytes have widespread use in energy devices, but the fundamental motivations for fast ion conduction are often elusive. In this Perspective, we draw upon atomistic simulations of a wide range of superionic conductors to illustrate some ways frustration can lower diffusion cation barriers in solids. Based on our studies of halides, oxides, sulfides and hydroborates and a survey of published reports, we classify three types of frustration that create competition between different local atomic preferences, thereby flattening the diffusive energy landscape. These include chemical frustration, which derives from competing factors in the anion-cation interaction; structural frustration, which arises from lattice arrangements that induce site distortion or prevent cation ordering; and dynamical frustration, which is associated with temporary fluctuations in the energy landscape due to anion reorientation or cation reconfiguration. For each class of frustration, we provide detailed simulation analyses of various materials to show how ion mobility is facilitated, resulting in stabilizing factors that are both entropic and enthalpic in origin. We propose the use of these categories as a general construct for classifying frustration in superionic conductors and discuss implications for future development of suitable descriptors and improvement strategies. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C. Wood
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Joel B. Varley
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Kyoung E. Kweon
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Patrick Shea
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Alex T. Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Grieder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent P. Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Rigling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Lopez Ventura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chimara Stancill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Adelstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
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47
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Structural ceramic batteries using an earth-abundant inorganic waterglass binder. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6494. [PMID: 34764265 PMCID: PMC8585950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium trisilicate waterglass is an earth-abundant inorganic adhesive which binds to diverse materials and exhibits extreme chemical and temperature stability. Here we demonstrate the use of this material as an electrode binder in a lay-up based manufacturing system to produce structural batteries. While conventional binders for structural batteries exhibit a trade-off between mechanical and electrochemical performance, the waterglass binder is rigid, adhesive, and facilitates ion transport. The bulk binder maintains a Young's modulus of >50 GPa in the presence of electrolyte solvent while waterglass-based electrodes have high rate capability and stable discharge capacity over hundreds of electrochemical cycles. The temperature stability of the binder enables heat treatment of the full cell stack following lay-up shaping in order to produce a rigid, load-bearing part. The resulting structural batteries exhibit impressive multifunctional performance with a package free cell stack-level energy density of 93.9 Wh/kg greatly surpassing previously published structural battery materials, and a tensile modulus of 1.4 GPa.
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48
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Barbosa JC, Correia DM, Fernández EM, Fidalgo-Marijuan A, Barandika G, Gonçalves R, Ferdov S, de Zea Bermudez V, Costa CM, Lanceros-Mendez S. High-Performance Room Temperature Lithium-Ion Battery Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(vinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluoropropylene) Combining Ionic Liquid and Zeolite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021. [PMID: 34636238 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The demand for more efficient energy storage devices has led to the exponential growth of lithium-ion batteries. To overcome the limitations of these systems in terms of safety and to reduce environmental impact, solid-state technology emerges as a suitable approach. This work reports on a three-component solid polymer electrolyte system based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([BMIM][SCN]), and clinoptilolite zeolite (CPT). The influences of the preparation method and of the dopants on the electrolyte stability, ionic conductivity, and battery performance were studied. The developed electrolytes show an improved room temperature ionic conductivity (1.9 × 10-4 S cm-1), thermal stability (up to 300 °C), and mechanical stability. The corresponding batteries exhibit an outstanding room temperature performance of 160.3 mAh g-1 at a C/15-rate, with a capacity retention of 76% after 50 cycles. These results represent a step forward in a promising technology aiming the widespread implementation of solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Barbosa
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Daniela M Correia
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eva M Fernández
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Fidalgo-Marijuan
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Gotzone Barandika
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal
| | - Stanislav Ferdov
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal
| | - Verónica de Zea Bermudez
- Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Costa
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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49
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Tian L, Liu Z, Tao F, Liu M, Liu Z. Significant improvement of the lithium-ion conductivity of solid-state electrolytes by fabricating large pore volume hollow ZIF-8. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13877-13882. [PMID: 34523647 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01904j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) emerging as a type of functional material have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion in recent years. Hollow MOFs with a large pore volume and surface area can increase the contact area between active materials and electrolytes, thus improving the ionic conductivity of the materials. Herein, we obtained a kind of hollow MOF (ZIF-8) using carboxylate-terminated polystyrene microspheres as exterior templates. Transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis revealed that the average cavity diameter of hollow ZIF-8 is 1 μm. Moreover, hollow ZIF-8 exhibits excellent electrochemical quality with an ionic conductivity of 7.36 × 10-4 S cm-1, a lithium ion transference number of 0.83 and an activation energy of 0.15 eV in a wide stable electrochemical window of 2.0-6.5 V at room temperature. Compared with the traditional non-hollow ZIF-8, the electrochemical performance has been improved obviously. Consequently, our strategy of fabrication of large pore volume hollow MOFs provides a new perspective for the development of solid electrolytes with excellent lithium ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P.R. China.
| | - Zixin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P.R. China.
| | - Fencheng Tao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P.R. China.
| | - Meiying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P.R. China.
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50
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Yang T, Li H, Tang Y, Chen J, Ye H, Wang B, Zhang Y, Du C, Yao J, Guo B, Shen T, Zhang L, Zhu T, Huang J. In situ observation of cracking and self-healing of solid electrolyte interphases during lithium deposition. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1754-1763. [PMID: 36654383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth of lithium (Li) whiskers is detrimental to Li batteries. However, it remains a challenge to directly track Li whisker growth. Here we report in situ observations of electrochemically induced Li deposition under a CO2 atmosphere inside an environmental transmission electron microscope. We find that the morphology of individual Li deposits is strongly influenced by the competing processes of cracking and self-healing of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). When cracking overwhelms self-healing, the directional growth of Li whiskers predominates. In contrast, when self-healing dominates over cracking, the isotropic growth of round Li particles prevails. The Li deposition rate and SEI constituent can be tuned to control the Li morphologies. We reveal a new "weak-spot" mode of Li dendrite growth, which is attributed to the operation of the Bardeen-Herring growth mechanism in the whisker's cross section. This work has implications for the control of Li dendrite growth in Li batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Jingzhao Chen
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hongjun Ye
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Baolin Wang
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yin Zhang
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Congcong Du
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jingming Yao
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Baiyu Guo
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tongde Shen
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ting Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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