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Wang X, Peng X, Zhao Q, Mi J, Jiang H, Li S, Hu H, Huang H. Synergistic oxidation of toluene through bimetal/cordierite monolithic catalysts with ozone. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7203. [PMID: 38532034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Toluene treatment has received extensive attention, and ozone synergistic catalytic oxidation was thought to be a potential method to degrade VOCs (violate organic compounds) due to its low reaction temperature and high catalytic efficiency. A series of bimetal/Cord monolithic catalysts were prepared by impregnation with cordierite, including MnxCu5-x/Cord, MnxCo5-x/Cord and CuxCo5-x/Cord (x = 1, 2, 3, 4). Analysis of textural properties, structures and morphology characteristics on the prepared catalysts were conducted to evaluate their performance on toluene conversion. Effects of active component ratio, ozone addition and space velocity on the catalytic oxidation of toluene were investigated. Results showed that MnxCo5-x/Cord was the best among the three bimetal catalysts, and toluene conversion and mineralization rates reached 100 and 96% under the condition of Mn2Co3/Cord with 3.0 g/m3 O3 at the space velocity of 12,000 h-1. Ozone addition in the catalytic oxidation of toluene by MnxCo5-x/Cord could efficiently avoid the 40% reduction of the specific surface area of catalysts, because it could lower the optimal temperature from 300 to 100 °C. (Co/Mn)(Co/Mn)2O4 diffraction peaks in XRD spectra indicated all the four MnxCo1-x/Cord catalysts had a spinel structure, and diffraction peak intensity of spinel reached the largest at the ratio of Mn:Co = 2:3. Toluene conversion rate increased with rising ozone concentration because intermediate products generated by toluene degradation might react with excess ozone to generate free radicals like ·OH, which would improve the toluene mineralization rate of Mn2Co3/Cord catalyst. This study would provide a theoretical support for its industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wang
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. LTD, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Power Research Institute Branch, Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, 010020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Mi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Huating Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-Media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng Y, Chen L, Wu H, Liu J, Ren J, Zhang F. Wintertime fine aerosol particles composition and its evolution in two megacities of southern and northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169778. [PMID: 38176561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Study on fine aerosols composition can help understand the particles formation and is crucial for improving the accuracy of model simulations. Based on field data measured by a Q-ACSM (Quadrupole-Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor), we have comprehensively compared the characteristics, evolution, and potential formation mechanisms of the components in NR-PM2.5 during wintertime at two megacities (Beijing and Guangzhou) of southern and northern China. We show that as PM pollution intensifies, the mass fraction of the primary aerosols (e.g., COA, HOA) in PM2.5 in Guangzhou increased, along with a slight decline in proportion of both the secondary organic (SOA) and inorganic (SIA) aerosols; In contrast, in Beijing, the proportion of the SIA ramped up from 28 % to 53 % with the pollution evolution; and the fraction of SOA in total OA also increased due to a substantial increment in the proportion of MO-OOA (from 29 % to 48 %), suggesting a significance of the secondary processes in worsening aerosols pollution in Beijing. Our further analysis demonstrates a leading role of aqueous pathway in the secondary formation of aerosols at the Beijing site, presenting an exponential rising of SIA and SOA with the relative humidity (RH) increase. Compared to Beijing, however, we find that the photochemical oxidation other than aqueous process in Guangzhou plays a more critical role in those secondary aerosols formation. Combined with the Hysplit trajectory model, we identify the high humid conditions in Guangzhou are typically affected by clean marine air masses, explaining the slower response of secondary components to the RH changes. Moreover, the particles in Guangzhou were observed less hygroscopic that is adverse to the aerosol aqueous chemistry. The results provide basis for the precise control of PM pollution in different regions across China and would be helpful in improving model simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cheng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Jieyao Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jingye Ren
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Yuan Q, Zhang Z, Wang M, Ho KF, Wang T, Lee S. Characterization of a smog chamber for studying formation of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:570-582. [PMID: 37923466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Smog chambers provide a potent approach to explore the secondary organic aerosol formation under varied conditions. This study describes the construction and characterization of a new smog chamber facility for studying the formation mechanisms of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds. The chamber is a 5.4 m3 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) Teflon reactor with the potential to perform photooxidation experiments at controlled temperature and relative humidity. Detailed characterizations were conducted for evaluation of stability of environmental parameters, mixing time, background contamination, light intensity, and wall losses of gases and particles. The photolysis rate of NO2 (JNO2) ranged from (1.02-3.32) ×10-3 sec-1, comparable to the average JNO2 in ambient environment. The wall loss rates for NO, NO2, and O3 were 0.47 × 10-4, 0.37 × 10-4, and 1.17 × 10-4 min-1, while wall loss of toluene was obsoletely found in a 6 hr test. The particle number wall loss rates are (0.01-2.46) ×10-3 min-1 for 40-350 nm with an average lifetime of more than one day. A series of toluene photooxidation experiments were carried out in absence of NOx under dry conditions. The results of the simulation experiments demonstrated that the chamber is well designed to simulate photolysis progress in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuozhi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Czech H, Popovicheva O, Chernov DG, Kozlov A, Schneider E, Shmargunov VP, Sueur M, Rüger CP, Afonso C, Uzhegov V, Kozlov VS, Panchenko MV, Zimmermann R. Wildfire plume ageing in the Photochemical Large Aerosol Chamber (PHOTO-LAC). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:35-55. [PMID: 37873726 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Plumes from wildfires are transported over large distances from remote to populated areas and threaten sensitive ecosystems. Dense wildfire plumes are processed by atmospheric oxidants and complex multiphase chemistry, differing from processes at typical ambient concentrations. For studying dense biomass burning plume chemistry in the laboratory, we establish a Photochemical Large Aerosol Chamber (PHOTO-LAC) being the world's largest aerosol chamber with a volume of 1800 m3 and provide its figures of merit. While the photolysis rate of NO2 (jNO2) is comparable to that of other chambers, the PHOTO-LAC and its associated low surface-to-volume ratio lead to exceptionally low losses of particles to the walls. Photochemical ageing of toluene under high-NOx conditions induces substantial formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and brown carbon (BrC). Several individual nitrophenolic compounds could be detected by high resolution mass spectrometry, demonstrating similar photochemistry to other environmental chambers. Biomass burning aerosols are generated from pine wood and debris under flaming and smouldering combustion conditions and subsequently aged under photochemical and dark ageing conditions, thus resembling day- and night-time atmospheric chemistry. In the unprecedented long ageing with alternating photochemical and dark ageing conditions, the temporal evolution of particulate matter and its chemical composition is shown by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Due to the spacious cavity, the PHOTO-LAC may be used for applications requiring large amounts of particulate matter, such as comprehensive chemical aerosol characterisation or cell exposures under submersed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendryk Czech
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Olga Popovicheva
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy G Chernov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Kozlov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eric Schneider
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladimir P Shmargunov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maxime Sueur
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, 76700, Harfleur, France
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, 76700, Harfleur, France
| | - Viktor Uzhegov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valerii S Kozlov
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Panchenko
- V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Fu Z, Ma F, Liu Y, Yan C, Huang D, Chen J, Elm J, Li Y, Ding A, Pichelstorfer L, Xie HB, Nie W, Francisco JS, Zhou P. An overlooked oxidation mechanism of toluene: computational predictions and experimental validations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13050-13059. [PMID: 38023500 PMCID: PMC10664553 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03638c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) influence the Earth's climate and threaten human health. Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are major precursors for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere. However, the revealed oxidation mechanism dramatically underestimates the contribution of AHs to SOA formation, strongly suggesting the importance of seeking additional oxidation pathways for SOA formation. Using toluene, the most abundant AHs, as a model system and the combination of quantum chemical method and field observations based on advanced mass spectrometry, we herein demonstrate that the second-generation oxidation of AHs can form novel epoxides (TEPOX) with high yield. Such TEPOX can further react with H2SO4 or HNO3 in the aerosol phase to form less-volatile compounds including novel non-aromatic and ring-retaining organosulfates or organonitrates through reactive uptakes, providing new candidates of AH-derived organosulfates or organonitrates for future ambient observation. With the newly revealed mechanism, the chemistry-aerosol box modeling revealed that the SOA yield of toluene oxidation can reach up to 0.35, much higher than 0.088 based on the original mechanism under the conditions of pH = 2 and 0.1 ppbv NO. This study opens a route for the formation of reactive uptake SOA precursors from AHs and significantly fills the current knowledge gap for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lukas Pichelstorfer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
- pi-numerics Wallbachsiedlung 28 5202 Neumarkt am W. Austria
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA 19104-6316
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
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Chen T, Liu J, Chu B, Ge Y, Zhang P, Ma Q, He H. Combined Smog Chamber/Oxidation Flow Reactor Study on Aging of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Photooxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13937-13947. [PMID: 37691473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a significant component of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and their physicochemical properties can be significantly changed in the aging process. In this study, we used a combination consisting of a smog chamber (SC) and oxidation flow reactor (OFR) to investigate the continuous aging process of gas-phase organic intermediates and SOA formed from the photooxidation of toluene, a typical aromatic hydrocarbon. Our results showed that as the OH exposure increased from 2.6 × 1011 to 6.3 × 1011 molecules cm-3 s (equivalent aging time of 2.01-4.85 days), the SOA mass concentration (2.9 ± 0.05-28.7 ± 0.6 μg cm-3) and corrected SOA yield (0.073-0.26) were significantly enhanced. As the aging process proceeds, organic acids and multiple oxygen-containing oxidation products are continuously produced from the photochemical aging process of gas-phase organic intermediates (mainly semi-volatile and intermediate volatility species, S/IVOCs). The multigeneration oxidation products then partition to the aerosol phase, while functionalization of SOA rather than fragmentation dominated in the photochemical aging process, resulting in much higher SOA yield after aging compared to that in the SC. Our study indicates that SOA yields as a function of OH exposure should be considered in air quality models to improve SOA simulation, and thus accurately assess the impact on SOA properties and regional air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kumar V, Slowik JG, Baltensperger U, Prevot ASH, Bell DM. Time-Resolved Molecular Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed from OH and NO 3 Radical Initiated Oxidation of a Mixture of Aromatic Precursors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11572-11582. [PMID: 37496264 PMCID: PMC10413940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHCs) and oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons (ArHC-OHs) are emitted from a variety of anthropogenic activities and are important precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. Here, we analyzed and compared the composition of SOA formed from the oxidation of a mixture of aromatic VOCs by OH and NO3 radicals. The VOC mixture was composed of toluene (C7H8), p-xylene + ethylbenzene (C8H10), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (C9H12), phenol (C6H6O), cresol (C7H8O), 2,6-dimethylphenol (C8H10O), and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (C9H12O) in a proportion where the aromatic VOCs were chosen to approximate day-time traffic-related emissions in Delhi, and the aromatic alcohols make up 20% of the mixture. These VOCs are prominent in other cities as well, including those influenced by biomass combustion. In the NO3 experiments, large contributions from CxHyOzN dimers (C15-C18) were observed, corresponding to fast SOA formation within 15-20 min after the start of chemistry. Additionally, the dimers were a mixture of different combinations of the initial VOCs, highlighting the importance of exploring SOAs from mixed VOC systems. In contrast, the experiments with OH radicals yielded gradual SOA mass formation, with CxHyOz monomers (C6-C9) being the dominant constituents. The evolution of SOA composition with time was tracked and a fast degradation of dimers was observed in the NO3 experiments, with concurrent formation of monomer species. The rates of dimer decomposition in NO3 SOA were ∼2-3 times higher compared to those previously determined for α-pinene + O3 SOA, highlighting the dependence of particle-phase reactions on VOC precursors and oxidants. In contrast, the SOA produced in the OH experiments did not dramatically change over the same time frame. No measurable effects of humidity were observed on the composition and evolution of SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andre S. H. Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - David M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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Chen T, Zhang P, Chu B, Ma Q, Ge Y, He H. Synergistic Effects of SO 2 and NH 3 Coexistence on SOA Formation from Gasoline Evaporative Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6616-6625. [PMID: 37055378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vehicular evaporative emissions make an increasing contribution to anthropogenic sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), thus contributing to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, few studies have been conducted on SOA formation from vehicle evaporative VOCs under complex pollution conditions with the coexistence of NOx, SO2, and NH3. In this study, the synergistic effects of SO2 and NH3 on SOA formation from gasoline evaporative VOCs with NOx were examined using a 30 m3 smog chamber with the aid of a series of mass spectrometers. Compared with the systems involving SO2 or NH3 alone, SO2 and NH3 coexistence had a greater promotion effect on SOA formation, which was larger than the cumulative effect of the two promotions alone. Meanwhile, contrasting effects of SO2 on the oxidation state (OSc) of SOA in the presence or absence of NH3 were observed, and SO2 could further increase the OSc with the coexistence of NH3. The latter was attributed to the synergistic effects of SO2 and NH3 coexistence on SOA formation, wherein N-S-O adducts can be formed from the reaction of SO2 with N-heterocycles generated in the presence of NH3. Our study contributes to the understanding of SOA formation from vehicle evaporative VOCs under highly complex pollution conditions and its atmospheric implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Huang M, Wang H, Shan X, Sheng L, Hu C, Gu X, Zhang W. Experimental study on synchrotron radiation photoionization of secondary organic aerosol derived from styrene ozonolysis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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10
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Chen L, Li K, Yang Y, Xue T, Wang H, Lei B, Sheng J, Dong F, Sun Y. Amorphous SnO 2 decorated ZnSn(OH) 6 promotes interfacial hydroxyl polarization for deep photocatalytic toluene mineralization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130436. [PMID: 36435041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface hydroxyl groups play a decisive role in the generation of hydroxyl radicals with stronger oxidizing ability, which is indispensable in photocatalytic VOCs removal, especially under the condition of low humidity. In this work, non-noble amorphous SnO2 decorated ZnSn(OH)6 (ZSH) was synthesized by an in-situ method. The charge transport, reactant activation and hydroxyl polarization are enhanced through decoration of amorphous SnO2 on ZSH. Combined with the designed experiment, in-situ EPR, DTF calculation and in-situ DRIFTS, the role and mechanism of interfacial hydroxyl polarization are revealed on SnO2 decorated ZnSn(OH)6. Compared with pristine ZSH and noble-metal modified ZSH, the toluene degradation rate of amorphous SnO2 decorated ZSH is increased by 13.0 and 3.8 times, and the toluene mineralization rate is increased by 5.2 and 2.2 times. The ZSH-24 sample maintains a high toluene degradation activity after 6 cyclic utilization without catalyst deactivation. This work emphasizes the role of non-noble metal and the origin of hydroxyl group polarization on ZnSn(OH)6 for photocatalytic VOCs mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvcun Chen
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Kanglu Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Ben Lei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jianping Sheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences & School of Resouces and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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11
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Wang R, Bei N, Pan Y, Wu J, Liu S, Li X, Yu J, Jiang Q, Tie X, Li G. Urgency of controlling agricultural nitrogen sources to alleviate summertime air pollution in the North China Plain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137124. [PMID: 36351470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural nitrogen sources (ANS) have played an increasingly important role in the air quality since ANS emission controls are much weaker than those for fossil fuel combustion sources due to the increasing food demand. However, ANS emissions are highly uncertain due to stochastic agricultural management activities and limited field measurements, and impacts of ANS on the air quality remain elusive. In the study, the WRF-Chem model has been used to investigate ANS shares in near surface air pollutant concentrations during a growing season in the North China Plain (NCP), with ANS emissions constrained by satellite retrievals. Soil NOX and agricultural NH3 emissions are about 36% and 92% of their total emissions during the growing season. Sensitivity studies demonstrate that ANS count 16.9 μg m-3 (9.9%) of the mean maximum daily average 8-h ozone concentrations (MDA8 [O3]) and 8.9 μg m-3 (31.7%) of fine particulate matter concentrations ([PM2.5]) on average in the NCP. Additionally, the contributions of ANS to MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] increase with the deterioration of air pollution in cities. A 50% emission reduction in ANS decreases MDA8 [O3] ([PM2.5]) from 4.2% to 8.4% (from 19.7% to 31.9%) when the air quality changes from being lightly to heavily polluted in terms of MDA8 [O3] (hourly [PM2.5]). Without fossil fuel combustion emissions, the simulated average MDA8 [O3] and [PM2.5] are 111.7 and 8.2 μg m-3 in cities of the NCP, respectively, exceeding the new standards from the World Health Organization. Our study highlights important contributions of ANS to air quality and the urgency of ANS emission abatement for air pollution alleviation during summertime in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Naifang Bei
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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12
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Wang F, Lv S, Liu X, Lei Y, Wu C, Chen Y, Zhang F, Wang G. Investigation into the differences and relationships between gasSOA and aqSOA in winter haze pollution on Chongming Island, Shanghai, based on VOCs observation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120684. [PMID: 36400138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) under current atmospheric conditions, we conducted a field observation of SOA precursors in the downwind region of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in winter 2019 using a variety of offline and online instruments. During the entire observation period, the averaged fine particulate SOA was 7.9 ± 2.3 μg m-3, with precursor concentrations of 31 ± 11 ppbv for the measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 16 ± 12 ppbv for NOx. Compared to those on the clean days, SOA on the haze days increased by a factor of 1.6, while the VOC and NOx increased by a factor of 1.3 and 2.0, respectively. Aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, including acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, acetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone, and methylglyoxal) relationships suggested that the gasSOA and aqSOA occurred simultaneously on Chongming Island in winter. The gasSOA was primarily formed by the oxidation of aromatics and NOx at low RH (RH < 80%) conditions. In contrast, the aqSOA was formed under higher RH (RH > 80%) conditions via a combination of daytime photochemical aqueous phase processes of water-soluble OVOCs and nocturnal dark aqueous phase processes of primary emissions from biomass. The inversed higher mass ratio of NACs to (benzene + toluene) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) in the daytime during the gasSOA-dominated haze periods indicated that gasSOA could be transformed to aqSOA at high NOx levels. Our results also suggested the importance of NOx and VOC reduction measures in directly mitigating gasSOA and indirectly mitigating aqSOA during winter haze pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yubao Chen
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Chenjia Zhen, Chongming, Shanghai, 202162, China.
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13
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Feng Y, Dai L, Wang Z, Peng Y, Duan E, Liu Y, Jing L, Wang X, Rastegarpanah A, Dai H, Deng J. Photothermal Synergistic Effect of Pt 1/CuO-CeO 2 Single-Atom Catalysts Significantly Improving Toluene Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8722-8732. [PMID: 35579250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal synergistic catalytic oxidation of toluene over single-atom Pt catalysts was investigated. Compared with the conventional thermocatalytic oxidation in the dark, toluene conversion and CO2 yield over 0.39Pt1/CuO-CeO2 under simulated solar irradiation (λ = 320-2500 nm, optical power density = 200 mW cm-2) at 180 °C could be increased about 48%. An amount of CuO was added to CeO2 to disperse single-atom Pt with a maximal Pt loading of 0.83 wt %. The synergistic effect between photo- and thermocatalysis is very important for the development of new pollutant treatment technology with high efficiency and low energy consumption. Both light and heat played an important role in the present photothermal synergistic catalytic oxidation. 0.39Pt1/CuO-CeO2 showed good redox performance and excellent optical properties and utilized the full-spectrum solar energy. Light illumination induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (•OH and •O2-), which accelerated the transformation of intermediates, promoted the release of active sites on the catalyst surface, and improved the oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Dai
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Erhong Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26th Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Ali Rastegarpanah
- Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jiguang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
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14
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Li X, Bei N, Wu J, Wang R, Liu S, Liu L, Jiang Q, Tie X, Molina LT, Li G. Heterogeneous HONO formation deteriorates the wintertime particulate pollution in the Guanzhong Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119157. [PMID: 35304175 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite implementation of strict emission mitigation measures since 2013, heavy haze with high levels of secondary aerosols still frequently engulfs the Guanzhong Basin (GZB), China, during wintertime, remarkably impairing visibility and potentially causing severe health issues. Although the observed low ozone (O3) concentrations do not facilitate the photochemical formation of secondary aerosols, the measured high nitrous acid (HONO) level provides an alternate pathway in the GZB. The impact of heterogeneous HONO sources on the wintertime particulate pollution and atmospheric oxidizing capability (AOC) is evaluated in the GZB. Simulations by the Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) reveal that the observed high levels of nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are reproduced when both homogeneous and heterogeneous HONO sources are considered. The heterogeneous sources (HET-sources) contribute about 98% of the near-surface HONO concentration in the GZB, increasing the hydroxyl radical (OH) and O3 concentration by 39.4% and 22.0%, respectively. The average contribution of the HET-sources to SOA, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate in the GZB is 35.6%, 20.6%, 12.1%, and 6.0% during the particulate pollution episode, respectively, enhancing the mass concentration of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) by around 12.2%. Our results suggest that decreasing HONO level or the AOC becomes an effective pathway to alleviate the wintertime particulate pollution in the GZB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Naifang Bei
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Luisa T Molina
- Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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15
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Fan W, Chen T, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Yin D. A review of secondary organic aerosols formation focusing on organosulfates and organic nitrates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128406. [PMID: 35149506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are crucial constitution of fine particulate matter (PM), which are mainly derived from photochemical oxidation products of primary organic matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and can induce terrible impacts to human health, air quality and climate change. As we know, organosulfates (OSs) and organic nitrates (ON) are important contributors for SOA formation, which could be possibly produced through various pathways, resulting in extremely complex formation mechanism of SOA. Although plenty of research has been focused on the origins, spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of SOA, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of SOA formation in the atmosphere remains to be detailed explored, especially the most important OSs and ON dedications. Thus, in this review, we systematically summarize the recent research about origins and formation mechanisms of OSs and ON, and especially focus on their contribution to SOA, so as to have a clearer understanding of the origin, spatial distribution and formation principle of SOA. Importantly, we interpret the complex interaction with coexistence effect of SOx and NOx on SOA formation, and emphasize the future insights for SOA research to expect a more comprehensive theory and practice to alleviate SOA burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulve Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China.
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16
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Lv S, Wang F, Wu C, Chen Y, Liu S, Zhang S, Li D, Du W, Zhang F, Wang H, Huang C, Fu Q, Duan Y, Wang G. Gas-to-Aerosol Phase Partitioning of Atmospheric Water-Soluble Organic Compounds at a Rural Site in China: An Enhancing Effect of NH 3 on SOA Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3915-3924. [PMID: 35298139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning gaseous water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) to the aerosol phase is a major formation pathway of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, the fundamental mechanism of the WSOC-partitioning process remains elusive. By simultaneous measurements of both gas-phase WSOC (WSOCg) and aerosol-phase WSOC (WSOCp) and formic and acetic acids at a rural site in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China during winter 2019, we showed that WSOCg during the campaign dominantly partitioned to the organic phase in the dry period (relative humidity (RH) < 80%) but to aerosol liquid water (ALW) in the humid period (RH > 80%), suggesting two distinct SOA formation processes in the region. In the dry period, temperature was the driving factor for the uptake of WSOCg. In contrast, in the humid period, the factors controlling WSOCg absorption were ALW content and pH, both of which were significantly elevated by NH3 through the formation of NH4NO3 and neutralization with organic acids. Additionally, we found that the relative abundances of WSOCp and NH4NO3 showed a strong linear correlation throughout China with a spatial distribution consistent with that of NH3, further indicating a key role of NH3 in WSOCp formation at a national scale. Since WSOCp constitutes the major part of SOA, such a promoting effect of NH3 on SOA production by elevating ALW formation and WSOCg partitioning suggests that emission control of NH3 is necessary for mitigating haze pollution, especially SOA, in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Lv
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yubao Chen
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, 20 Cuiniao Road, Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
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17
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Yang Z, Tsona NT, George C, Du L. Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Enhance Light Absorption of Aromatic-Derived Brown Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4005-4016. [PMID: 35192318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The formation of secondary brown carbon (BrC) is chemically complex, leading to an unclear relationship between its molecular composition and optical properties. Here, we present an in-depth investigation of molecular-specific optical properties and aging of secondary BrC produced from the photooxidation of ethylbenzene at varied NOx levels for the first time. Due to the pronounced formation of unsaturated products, the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of ethylbenzene secondary organic aerosols (ESOA) at 365 nm was higher than that of biogenic SOA by a factor of 10. A high NOx level ([ethylbenzene]0/[NOx]0 < 10 ppbC ppb-1) was found to significantly increase the average MAC300-700nm of ESOA by 0.29 m2 g-1. The data from two complementary high-resolution mass spectrometers and quantum chemical calculations suggested that nitrogen-containing compounds were largely responsible for the enhanced light absorption of high-NOx ESOA, and multifunctional nitroaromatic compounds (such as C8H9NO3 and C8H9NO4) were identified as important BrC chromophores. High-NOx ESOA underwent photobleaching upon direct exposure to ultraviolet light. Photolysis did not lead to the significant decomposition of C8H9NO3 and C8H9NO4, indicating that nitroaromatic compounds may serve as relatively stable nitrogen reservoirs and would effectively absorb solar radiation during the daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Christian George
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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18
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Yang Z, Du L, Li Y, Ge X. Secondary organic aerosol formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: insights from laboratory studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:351-379. [PMID: 35171163 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) are key anthropogenic pollutants and often dominate the volatile organic compound emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation especially in the urban atmosphere. To evaluate the environmental impacts of SOA formed from the oxidation of MAHs (aromatic SOA), it is of great importance to elucidate their chemical composition, formation mechanism, and physicochemical properties under various atmospheric conditions. Here we seek to compile a common framework for the current studies on aromatic SOA formation and summarize the knowledge on what has been primarily learned from laboratory studies. This review begins with a brief summary of MAHs' emission characteristics, followed by an overview of atmospheric degradation mechanisms for MAHs as well as gas- and particle-phase reactions involving aromatic SOA formation. SOA formation processes highlighted in this review are complex and depend highly on environmental conditions, posing a substantial challenge for theoretical description of aromatic SOA formation. Therefore, the following issues are further discussed in detail: the response of gas-phase chemistry and aromatic SOA mass yield as well as composition to NOx levels, particle-phase reactions and molecular characterization of aromatic SOA in the presence of acidic sulfate, and physicochemical processes of SOA formation involving gas- or particle-phase water. Building on this current understanding, available experimental studies on the effects of environmental conditions were explored. A brief description of the atmospheric importance of aromatic SOA including their optical properties and health influences is also presented. Finally, we highlight the current challenges in laboratory studies and outline directions for future aromatic SOA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 266000, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 266000, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yongjie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
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19
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Zheng Y, Chen Q, Cheng X, Mohr C, Cai J, Huang W, Shrivastava M, Ye P, Fu P, Shi X, Ge Y, Liao K, Miao R, Qiu X, Koenig TK, Chen S. Precursors and Pathways Leading to Enhanced Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze Episodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15680-15693. [PMID: 34775752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular analyses help to investigate the key precursors and chemical processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We obtained the sources and molecular compositions of organic aerosol in PM2.5 in winter in Beijing by online and offline mass spectrometer measurements. Photochemical and aqueous processing were both involved in producing SOA during the haze events. Aromatics, isoprene, long-chain alkanes or alkenes, and carbonyls such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal were all important precursors. The enhanced SOA formation during the severe haze event was predominantly contributed by aqueous processing that was promoted by elevated amounts of aerosol water for which multifunctional organic nitrates contributed the most followed by organic compounds having four oxygen atoms in their formulae. The latter included dicarboxylic acids and various oxidation products from isoprene and aromatics as well as products or oligomers from methylglyoxal aqueous uptake. Nitrated phenols, organosulfates, and methanesulfonic acid were also important SOA products but their contributions to the elevated SOA mass during the severe haze event were minor. Our results highlight the importance of reducing nitrogen oxides and nitrate for future SOA control. Additionally, the formation of highly oxygenated long-chain molecules with a low degree of unsaturation in polluted urban environments requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
| | - Jing Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Manish Shrivastava
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Penglin Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keren Liao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruqian Miao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Theodore K Koenig
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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