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Zhang T, Aimuzi R, Lu X, Liu B, Lu H, Luo K, Yan J. Exposure to organophosphate esters and early menopause: A population-based cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124684. [PMID: 39116924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), increasingly used as new flame retardants and plasticizers in various products, have been found to have reproductive toxicity with overt endocrine disruption potential, yet the relationship between OPEs and early menopause remains unexplored. In the present study, we included 2429 women who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2011-2020) and had data of five urinary OPE metabolite levels and information of menopause characteristics, to investigate the associations of OPEs exposure with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and age of menopause. Multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression were used to assess the associations of urinary OPE metabolites with age of menopause and POI, respectively. Quantile g computation (QGC) models were used to assess the relative contribution of individual metabolites to associations of OPE metabolites mixture. After adjusting for covariates, urinary bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) concentration was inversely associated with menopause age (β = - 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41, - 0.002). Higher urinary BCEP level (>median) was associated with earlier age at menopause (β = -1.14, 95% CI: 1.83, - 0.46), and elevated odds of having POI (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.66). These associations were robust to the further adjustment of cardiometabolic diseases and related traits (e.g., body mass index). Further QGC analyses confirmed that BCEP was the dominant metabolite contributing most to the associations of OPEs mixture with age of menopause (weight = 49.5%) and POI (weight = 75.1%). No significant associations were found for the other four OPE metabolites. In this cross-sectional study, urinary BCEP level was associated with earlier menopause and increased odds of POI, highlighting the potential negative impacts of this chemical and its parent compound tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate on ovarian function. Further studies are required to validate our findings and reveal potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruxianguli Aimuzi
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Junkai Yan
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Arathala P, Musah RA. Atmospheric Chemistry of Chloroprene Initiated by OH Radicals: Combined Ab Initio/DFT Calculations and Kinetics Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:8983-8995. [PMID: 39377484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c05428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Chloroprene (CP; CH2═C(Cl)-CH═CH2) is a significant toxic airborne pollutant, often originating from anthropogenic activities. However, the environmental fate of CP is incompletely understood. High level CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations combined with kinetic modeling were employed here to glean new insight into the reaction mechanism, energies, and kinetics of the reaction of CP with OH radical (•OH). We report the energies of four different addition pathways and six different abstraction pathways. The •OH attack on the terminal C1 atom of the =CH2 group (which is directly attached to the =CCl moiety), leading to the formation of HOCH2-•C(Cl)-CH═CH2, was found to be a major path. The barrier height for the formation of the corresponding transition state was found to be -1.9 kcal mol-1 below that of the starting CP + •OH reactants. Rate coefficients were calculated for addition and abstraction pathways involving the CP + •OH reaction under pre-equilibrium approximation conditions, employing a combination of canonical variational transition state theory and small curvature tunneling. The overall rate coefficient for the reaction of CP + •OH at 298 K was found to be 1.4 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The thermochemistry of the possible channels and atmospheric implications are provided. In addition, the fate of HOCH2-•C(Cl)-CH═CH2 in the presence of 3O2 was investigated. We found the reaction of the CP-derived peroxy radical adduct with HO2 and NO to make contributions to the formation of products such as formaldehyde, HO2 radical, Cl atom, HOCH2C(OOH)(Cl)CH═CH2, HOCH2C(O)Cl, ClC(O)CH═CH2, HOCH2C(O)CH═CH2, and HC(O) radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parandaman Arathala
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany─State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 12222, United States
| | - Rabi A Musah
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany─State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 12222, United States
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3
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Fu Z, Guo S, Xie HB, Zhou P, Boy M, Yao M, Hu M. A Near-Explicit Reaction Mechanism of Chlorine-Initiated Limonene: Implications for Health Risks Associated with the Concurrent Use of Cleaning Agents and Disinfectants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39231115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Limonene, a key volatile chemical product (VCP) commonly found in personal care and cleaning agents, is emerging as a major indoor air pollutant. Recently, elevated levels of reactive chlorine species during bleach cleaning and disinfection have been reported to increase indoor oxidative capacity. However, incomplete knowledge of the indoor transformation of limonene, especially the missing chlorine chemistry, poses a barrier to evaluating the environmental implications associated with the concurrent use of cleaning agents and disinfectants. Here, we investigated the reaction mechanisms of chlorinated limonene peroxy radicals (Cl-lim-RO2•), key intermediates in determining the chlorine chemistry of limonene, and toxicity of transformation products (TPs) using quantum chemical calculations and toxicology modeling. The results indicate that Cl-lim-RO2• undergoes a concerted autoxidation process modulated by RO2• and alkoxy radicals (RO•), particularly emphasizing the importance of RO• isomerization. Following this generalized autoxidation mechanism, Cl-lim-RO2• can produce low-volatility precursors of secondary organic aerosols. Toxicological findings further indicate that the majority of TPs exhibit increased respiratory toxicity, mutagenicity, and eye/skin irritation compared to limonene, presenting an occupational hazard for indoor occupants. The proposed near-explicit reaction mechanism of chlorine-initiated limonene significantly enhances our current understanding of both RO2• and RO• chemistry while also highlighting the health risks associated with the concurrent use of cleaning agents and disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Michael Boy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Yan Z, Feng C, Xu Y, Wang J, Huang N, Jin X, Wu F, Bai Y. Water temperature governs organophosphate ester dynamics in the aquatic food chain of Poyang Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100401. [PMID: 38487363 PMCID: PMC10937237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly recognized as pervasive environmental contaminants, primarily from their extensive application in flame retardants and plasticizers. Despite their widespread presence, the intricacies of OPE bioaccumulation within aquatic ecosystems remain poorly understood, particularly the environmental determinants influencing their distribution and the bioaccumulation dynamics across aquatic food chains. Here we show that water temperature plays a crucial role in modulating the dispersion of OPE in the aquatic environment of Poyang Lake. We quantified OPE concentrations across various matrices, uncovering levels ranging from 0.198 to 912.622 ng L-1 in water, 0.013-493.36 ng per g dry weight (dw) in sediment, 0.026-41.92 ng per g wet weight (ww) in plankton, 0.13-2100.72 ng per g dw in benthic invertebrates, and 0.31-3956.49 ng per g dw in wild fish, highlighting a pronounced bioaccumulation gradient. Notably, the intestines emerged as the principal site for OPE absorption, displaying the highest concentrations among the seven tissues examined. Among the various OPEs, tris(chloroethyl) phosphate was distinguished by its significant bioaccumulation potential within the aquatic food web, suggesting a need for heightened scrutiny. The propensity for OPE accumulation was markedly higher in benthic invertebrates than wild fish, indicating a differential vulnerability within aquatic biota. This study lays a foundational basis for the risk assessment of OPEs as emerging contaminants and underscores the imperative to prioritize the examination of bioaccumulation effects, particularly in benthic invertebrates, to inform future environmental safeguarding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jindong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Nannan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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5
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Fu Z, Guo S, Yu Y, Xie HB, Li S, Lv D, Zhou P, Song K, Chen Z, Tan R, Hu K, Shen R, Yao M, Hu M. Oxidation Mechanism and Toxicity Evolution of Linalool, a Typical Indoor Volatile Chemical Product. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 2:486-498. [PMID: 39049896 PMCID: PMC11264274 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Linalool, a high-reactivity volatile chemical product (VCP) commonly found in cleaning products and disinfectants, is increasingly recognized as an emerging contaminant, especially in indoor air. Understanding the gas-phase oxidation mechanism of linalool is crucial for assessing its impact on atmospheric chemistry and human health. Using quantum chemical calculations and computational toxicology simulations, we investigated the atmospheric transformation and toxicity evolution of linalool under low and high NO/HO2· levels, representing indoor and outdoor environments. Our findings reveal that linalool can undergo the novel mechanisms involving concerted peroxy (RO2·) and alkoxy radical (RO·) modulated autoxidation, particularly emphasizing the importance of cyclization reactions indoors. This expands the widely known RO2·-dominated H-shift-driven autoxidation and proposes a generalized autoxidation mechanism that leads to the formation of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Toxicological analysis shows that over half of transformation products (TPs) exhibited higher carcinogenicity and respiratory toxicity compared to linalool. We also propose time-dependent toxic effects of TPs to assess their long-term toxicity. Our results indicate that the strong indoor emission coupled with slow consumption rates lead to significant health risks under an indoor environment. The results highlight complex indoor air chemistry and health concerns regarding persistent toxic products during indoor cleaning, which involves the use of linalool or other VCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry
of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Lv
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Song
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Tan
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kun Hu
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruizhe Shen
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry
of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Yang J, Liu B, Zeng L, Du B, Zhou Y, Tao H, Yun Y, Zhu M. Confining Bismuth-Halide Perovskite in Mesochannels of Silica Nanomembranes for Exceptional Photocatalytic Abatement of Air Pollutants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319741. [PMID: 38196288 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Spatially confined photocatalysis has emerged as a viable strategy for the intensification of various redox reactions, but the influence of confined structure on reaction behavior is always overlooked in gas-solid reactions. Herein, we report a nanomembrane with confining Cs3 Bi2 Br9 nanocrystals inside vertical channels of porous insulated silica thin sheets (CBB@SBA(⊥)) for photocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) abatement. The ordered one-dimensional (1D) pore channels with mere 70 nm channel length provide a highly accessible confined space for catalytic reactions. A record-breaking NO conversion efficiency of 98.2 % under a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 3.0×106 mL g-1 h-1 , as well as exceptionally high stability over 14 h and durability over a wide humidity range (RH=15-90 %) was realized over SBA(⊥) confined Cs3 Bi2 Br9 , well beyond its nonconfined analogue and the Cs3 Bi2 Br9 confine in Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15). Mechanism studies suggested that the insulated pore channels of SBA(⊥) in CBB@SBA(⊥) endow concentrated electron field and enhanced mass transfer that render high exposure of reactive species and lower reaction barrier needs for ⋅O2 - formation and NO oxidation, as well as prevents structural degradation of Cs3 Bi2 Br9 . This work expands an innovative strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts for air pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P.R. China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P.R. China
| | - Bibai Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P.R. China
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, P.R. China
| | - Hengcong Tao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P.R. China
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7
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Violaki K, Castro-Jiménez J, Nenes A, Sempere R, Panagiotopoulos C. Spatial and temporal patterns of organophosphate Esters flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the Mediterranean sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140746. [PMID: 37984647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We studied the co-occurrence of OPEs and other constituents in atmospheric particles at the two edges of the Mediterranean Sea, under the influence of the transport of polluted air from Europe and dust from the Sahara. The highest OPE concentrations were observed during the summer period in the East Mediterranean and in spring for the NW Mediterranean. The total average atmospheric concentration of Σ6OPEs in the NW Mediterranean was 2103 ± 2020 pg m-3 (n = 23) with EHDPP and TCPP to be the predominant OPEs, accounting on average for 46% and 37% of the total Ʃ6OPEs concentrations, respectively. The average concentration of Σ6OPEs in East Mediterranean was 156.4 ± 170.3 pg m-3 (n = 67) with TCPP showing the highest concentration (116.1 ± 92.8 pg m-3), followed by TCEP (67.5 ± 55.8 pg m-3). In both areas, OPEs were mostly associated with fossil fuel combustion and road traffic, while the air masses from Saharan desert influenced the concentration of EHDPP, TCEP in NW Mediterranean and the TCEP concentration levels in the East Mediterranean. The total annual deposition of reported OPEs to the Mediterranean basin was estimated to be 584 tonnes, accounting for about 8.5% of the total deposited anthropogenic phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Violaki
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.
| | - Javier Castro-Jiménez
- IFREMER, Chemical Contamination of Marine Ecosystems (CCEM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Richard Sempere
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Christos Panagiotopoulos
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
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8
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Liu K, Xiao H, Zhang Y, He H, Li S, Yang S, Li H. Gas-particle partitioning of organophosphate esters in indoor and outdoor air and its implications for individual exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108254. [PMID: 37839269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of organophosphate esters (OPEs) has resulted in their widespread presence in the environment, raising concerns about potential human health risks. In this study, 13 OPEs were analyzed in both gas and particle phases as well as in indoor and outdoor atmospheric environments. Moreover, human exposure to OPEs were investigated within a university environment, focusing on forehead contact and individual PM2.5 inhalation. The results showed similar distribution patterns of OPEs indoors and outdoors, although higher concentrations were found indoors. The average atmospheric concentration of ∑OPEs (combining particle and gaseous OPEs) was 1575 pg/m3 in the outdoor environment and 6574 pg/m3 ∑OPEs in the indoor microenvironments. The overwhelming majority of OPEs exhibit a pronounced propensity to adsorb onto PM2.5 particles. Notably, the concentration of OPEs on the forehead differed significantly from that in the atmospheric environment, whereas individual PM2.5 exposure was consistent with the concentration of indoor PM2.5. Intriguingly, some OPEs with high octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow) were not detected in the environment but found on human foreheads. Gas-particle partitioning was predicted using the Harner-Bidleman and Li-Ma-Yang models and the results were in agreement with the monitoring data for approximately half of the OPE monomers. Correlations between OPEs exposure and gas-particle partitioning were found to be more significant for novel OPEs. No non-cancer risk to humans through individual exposure to OPEs was identified via forehead exposure or inhalation. The previously unreported relationship between individual exposure and the environmental occurrence of traditional and novel OPEs demonstrated in this study highlights the importance of evaluating the potential health risks associated with actual OPE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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9
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Jiang M, Xu Z, Zhang T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu P, Chen X. Synergistic activation of persulfate by FeS@SBA-15 for imidacloprid degradation: Efficiencies, activation mechanism and degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:75595-75609. [PMID: 37222897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, FeS supported SBA-15 mesoporous silica catalyst (FeS@SBA-15) was synthesized successfully, characterized and first applied to persulfate (PS) activation for the degradation of imidacloprid in wastewater. The as-prepared 3.5-FeS@SBA-15 presented an impressive imidacloprid removal efficiency of 93.1% and reaction stoichiometric efficiency (RSE) of 1.82% after 5 min, ascribed to the synergetic effects of improved FeS dispersion and abundant surface sites by SBA-15. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and quenching experiments proved that both SO4·- and ·OH were produced in FeS@SBA-15/PS system, and SO4·- played a dominant role in the degradation process. The S2- can accelerate the cycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) during activation and increase the steady-state concentration of Fe(II). More importantly, the constructed heterogeneous system exhibited an efficient and stable catalytic activity over a wide range of pH (3.0-9.0), temperature (283K-313K), inorganic ion (NO3-) and humic acid (1-20 mg/L). Moreover, the density functional theory calculations were conducted to predict the potential reaction sites of imidacloprid. Based on eighteen identified intermediates, four main degradation pathways were proposed: hydroxylation, dechlorination, hydrolysis, and the ring cleavage of the imidazolidine. ECOSAR analysis indicated hydroxylation and dechlorination played a key role in the detoxification of the formed compounds. These findings would provide new insights into the application of FeS@SBA-15 catalyst in wastewater treatment and the removal mechanism of imidacloprid from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhongjun Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xirong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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10
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Zhang ZN, Yang DL, Liu H, Bi J, Bao YB, Ma JY, Zheng QX, Cui DL, Chen W, Xiang P. Effects of TCPP and TCEP exposure on human corneal epithelial cells: Oxidate damage, cell cycle arrest, and pyroptosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138817. [PMID: 37127200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) are the widely used organophosphorus flame retardants indoors and easily accessible to the eyes as the common adhesive components of dust and particle matter, however, hardly any evidence has demonstrated their corneal toxicity. In this study, the adverse effects of TCPP, TCEP, and TCPP + TCEP exposure on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were investigated. The cell viability and morphology, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and the expressions of cell cycle and pyroptosis-related genes were assessed to explain the underlying mechanisms. Compared to individual exposure, co-exposure to TCPP20+TCEP20 showed higher cytotoxicity with a sharp decrease of >30% in viability and more serious oxidative damage by increasing ROS production to 110.92% compared to the control group. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrested at the S phase (36.20%) was observed after combined treatment, evidenced by the upregulation of cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Interestingly, pyroptosis-related genes GSDMD, Caspase-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP1, and NLRC4 expressions were promoted with cell swelling and glowing morphology. Oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest probably acted as a key role in TCPP20+TCEP20-induced cytotoxicity and pyroptosis in HCECs. Our results suggested that TCPP20+TCEP20 co-exposure induced severer corneal damage, further illustrating its significance in estimating indoor health hazards to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Dan-Lei Yang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Eye Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jue Bi
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Ya-Bo Bao
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Ma
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Qin-Xiang Zheng
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Dao-Lei Cui
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Ping Xiang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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11
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Gong Z, Xie J, Liu J, Liu T, Chen J, Li J, Gan J. Oxidation towards enrofloxacin degradation over nanoscale zero-valent copper: mechanism and products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:38700-38712. [PMID: 36585582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotic and is frequently detected in water environments. The degradation of ENR was examined utilizing molecular oxygen mediation using nanometer zero-valent copper (nZVC) as the catalyst in this work. The dosage of nZVC, initial pH, and reaction temperature were investigated as contributing factors to ENR degradation. The effects of Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and humic acid on the degradation of ENR were investigated. The actual effects were evaluated using natural water. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that participated in the reaction were identified, their generation mechanisms were elucidated, and the effects on ENR degradation were assessed. More emphasis was given to exploring ENR degradation and transformation pathways via analyses of HPLC-TOF-MS. Data showed that at 35 ℃, with an initial pH of 3 and exposed to air, an nZVC dose of 0.5 g·L-1 degraded ENR by 99.51% dramatically. HO• radicals were identified as the dominant ROS, and conversions among Cu0, Cu+, and Cu2+ played crucial roles in the generation of ROS. The destruction mechanism of ENR was speculated based on analyses of HPLC-TOF-MS results as the transformation of the piperazine ring into an oxidized state with a -COOH substitution with HO•, which caused ENR to be mineralized and converted into CO2, H2O, and [Formula: see text]. The ECOSAR program has been used to evaluate the toxicity of ENR and its degradation products, and oxidative degradation of nZVC significantly reduced its toxicity and increased its biodegradability. This research proposes a capable and practical method for removing ENR from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Gong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430223, China
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpu Xie
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430223, China
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430223, China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430223, China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430223, China.
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12
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Xia D, Chen J, Xie HB, Zhong J, Francisco JS. Counterintuitive Oxidation of Alcohols at Air-Water Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4791-4799. [PMID: 36795890 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that the oxidation of alcohols can rapidly occur at air-water interfaces. It was found that methanediols (HOCH2OH) orient at air-water interfaces with a H atom of the -CH2- group pointing toward the gaseous phase. Counterintuitively, gaseous hydroxyl radicals do not prefer to attack the exposed -CH2- group but the -OH group that forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules at the surface via a water-promoted mechanism, leading to the formation of formic acids. Compared with gaseous oxidation, the water-promoted mechanism at the air-water interface significantly lowers free-energy barriers from ∼10.7 to ∼4.3 kcal·mol-1 and therefore accelerates the formation of formic acids. The study unveils a previously overlooked source of environmental organic acids that are bound up with aerosol formation and water acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
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13
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Witchey SK, Sutherland V, Collins B, Roberts G, Shockley KR, Vallant M, Krause J, Cunny H, Waidyanatha S, Mylchreest E, Sparrow B, Moyer R, Behl M. Reproductive and developmental toxicity following exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers, triphenyl phosphate and isopropylated phenyl phosphate, in Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:374-386. [PMID: 36562586 PMCID: PMC9936205 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and isopropylated phenyl phosphate (IPP), have been detected in environmental samples around the world. Human exposure primarily occurs via oral ingestion with reported higher concentrations in children. Currently, there are no data to evaluate potential risk from exposure to either TPHP or IPP during fetal development. These short-term perinatal studies in rats provide preliminary toxicity data for TPHP and IPP, including information on transfer to fetus/offspring and across the pup blood-brain barrier. In separate experiments, TPHP or IPP were administered via dosed feed at concentrations 0, 1000, 3000, 10 000, 15 000, or 30 000 ppm to time-mated Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats from gestation day (GD) 6 through postnatal day (PND) 28; offspring were provided dosed feed at the same concentration as their dam (PND 28-PND 56). TPHP- and IPP-related toxicity resulted in removal of both 30 000 ppm groups on GD 12 and 15 000 ppm IPP group after parturition. Body weight and organ weights were impacted with exposure in remaining dams. Reproductive performance was perturbed at ≥10 000 ppm TPHP and all IPP exposure groups. In offspring, both TPHP- and IPP-related toxicity was noted in pups at ≥10 000 ppm as well as reduction in bodyweights, delays in pubertal endpoints, and/or reduced cholinesterase enzyme activity starting at 1000 ppm TPHP or IPP. Preliminary internal dose assessment indicated gestational and lactational transfer following exposure to TPHP or IPP. These findings demonstrate that offspring development is sensitive to 1000 ppm TPHP or IPP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannah K Witchey
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Vicki Sutherland
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Brad Collins
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Georgia Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Molly Vallant
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jeffrey Krause
- Social and Scientific Systems, Durham, North Carolina 27703, USA
| | - Helen Cunny
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Eve Mylchreest
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Barney Sparrow
- Life Sciences, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA
| | - Robert Moyer
- Life Sciences, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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14
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Zhao A, Wei C, Xin Y, Wang X, Zhu Q, Xie J, Ma H, Xu J, Wang M. Pollution profiles, influencing factors, and source apportionment of target and suspect organophosphate esters in ambient air: A case study in a typical city of Northern China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130373. [PMID: 36427485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are attracting attention because they pose risks to biota, including humans. Little research has been performed into the environmental fates of OPEs in the atmosphere. Here, target/suspect OPEs were determined in 122 atmosphere samples (gas phase (n = 31), PM2.5 (n = 30), PM10 (n = 30), and total suspended particles (n = 31)) from a city in Northern China. Pollution profiles were established, influencing factors identified, and sources apportioned. We found 12 target OPEs and 29 suspect OPEs. The target and suspect OPE concentrations in the ambient air samples were 2.2-172.5 and 0.7-53.9 ng/m3, respectively. Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphate were the dominant OPEs in all samples. The OPEs were not in equilibrium, indicated by a multi-parameter linear free energy relationship model. The air quality index and OPE concentrations significantly correlated, indicating that OPE pollution is often more serious during weather with worse air quality. The target and suspect screening strategy and a positive matrix factorization model allowed OPE sources to be apportioned, improving our understanding of OPE sources. The four dominant sources were (1) construction, (2) indoor emissions, (3) the plastic industry and industrial activities, and (4) traffic emissions, textiles, and foam products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chao Wei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yue Xin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jixing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haiyun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.
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15
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Arathala P, Musah RA. Theoretical Study of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Methane Sulfonamide Initiated by OH Radicals and the CH 3S(O) 2N •H + 3O 2 Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9447-9460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parandaman Arathala
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany─State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York12222, United States
| | - Rabi A. Musah
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany─State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York12222, United States
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16
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Bready CJ, Fowler VR, Juechter LA, Kurfman LA, Mazaleski GE, Shields GC. The driving effects of common atmospheric molecules for formation of prenucleation clusters: the case of sulfuric acid, formic acid, nitric acid, ammonia, and dimethyl amine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:1469-1486. [PMID: 36561556 PMCID: PMC9648633 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
How secondary aerosols form is critical as aerosols' impact on Earth's climate is one of the main sources of uncertainty for understanding global warming. The beginning stages for formation of prenucleation complexes, that lead to larger aerosols, are difficult to decipher experimentally. We present a computational chemistry study of the interactions between three different acid molecules and two different bases. By combining a comprehensive search routine covering many thousands of configurations at the semiempirical level with high level quantum chemical calculations of approximately 1000 clusters for every possible combination of clusters containing a sulfuric acid molecule, a formic acid molecule, a nitric acid molecule, an ammonia molecule, a dimethylamine molecule, and 0-5 water molecules, we have completed an exhaustive search of the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS//ωB97X-D/6-31++G** Gibbs free energy surface for this system. We find that the detailed geometries of each minimum free energy cluster are often more important than traditional acid or base strength. Addition of a water molecule to a dry cluster can enhance stabilization, and we find that the (SA)(NA)(A)(DMA)(W) cluster has special stability. Equilibrium calculations of SA, FA, NA, A, DMA, and water using our quantum chemical ΔG° values for cluster formation and realistic estimates of the concentrations of these monomers in the atmosphere reveals that nitric acid can drive early stages of particle formation just as efficiently as sulfuric acid. Our results lead us to believe that particle formation in the atmosphere results from the combination of many different molecules that are able to form highly stable complexes with acid molecules such as SA, NA, and FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Bready
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University Greenville South Carolina 29613 USA
| | - Vance R Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University Greenville South Carolina 29613 USA
| | - Leah A Juechter
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University Greenville South Carolina 29613 USA
| | - Luke A Kurfman
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University Greenville South Carolina 29613 USA
| | - Grace E Mazaleski
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University Greenville South Carolina 29613 USA
| | - George C Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University Greenville South Carolina 29613 USA
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17
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Lao JY, Lin H, Qin X, Ruan Y, Leung KMY, Zeng EY, Lam PKS. Insights into the Atmospheric Persistence, Transformation, and Health Implications of Organophosphate Esters in Urban Ambient Air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12003-12013. [PMID: 35948419 PMCID: PMC9454243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in natural ambient air and potential health risks from coexposure to OPEs and their transformation products are largely unclear. Therefore, a novel framework combining field-based investigation, in silico prediction, and target and suspect screening was employed to understand atmospheric persistence and health impacts of OPEs. Alkyl-OPE transformation products ubiquitously occurred in urban ambient air. The transformation ratios of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate were size-dependent, implying that transformation processes may be affected by particle size. Transformation products of chlorinated- and aryl-OPEs were not detected in atmospheric particles, and atmospheric dry deposition might significantly contribute to their removal. Although inhalation risk of coexposure to OPEs and transformation products in urban ambient air was low, health risks related to OPEs may be underestimated as constrained by the identification of plausible transformation products and their toxicity testing in vitro or in vivo at current stage. The present study highlights the significant impact of particle size on the atmospheric persistence of OPEs and suggests that health risk assessments should be conducted with concurrent consideration of both parental compounds and transformation products of OPEs, in view of the nonnegligible abundances of transformation products in the air and their potential toxicity in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yong Lao
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Huiju Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xian Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research
Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- ; . Tel: + 852 3442-7833. Fax: + 852 3442-0524
| | - Kenneth M. Y. Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Eddy Y. Zeng
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Paul K. S. Lam
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Office
of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan
University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- ; . Tel: +852 2768-6089. Fax: +852 3442-0524
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