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Hu C, Wu Y, Dong Z, Dong Z, Ji S, Hu L, Yang X, Liu H. Degradation of carbamazepine by the UVA-LED 365/ClO 2/NaClO process: Kinetics, mechanisms and DBPs yield. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:399-408. [PMID: 39095175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A mixed oxidant of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and NaClO was often used in water treatment. A novel UVA-LED (365 nm)-activated mixed ClO2/NaClO process was proposed for the degradation of micropollutants in this study. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as the target pollutant. Compared with the UVA365/ClO2 process, the UVA365/ClO2/NaClO process can improve the degradation of CBZ, with the rate constant increasing from 2.11×10-4 sec-1 to 2.74×10-4 sec-1. In addition, the consumption of oxidants in the UVA365/ClO2/NaClO process (73.67%) can also be lower than that of UVA365/NaClO (86.42%). When the NaClO ratio increased, both the degradation efficiency of CBZ and the consumption of oxidants can increase in the UVA365/ClO2/NaClO process. The solution pH can affect the contribution of NaClO in the total oxidant ratio. When the pH range of 6.0-8.0, the combination process can generate more active species to promote the degradation of CBZ. The change of active species with oxidant molar ratio was investigated in the UVA365/ClO2/NaClO process. When ClO2 acted as the main oxidant, HO• and Cl• were the main active species, while when NaClO was the main oxidant, ClO• played a role in the system. Both chloride ion (Cl-), bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and nitrate ion (NO3-) can promote the reaction system. As the concentration of NaClO in the reaction solution increased, the generation of chlorates will decrease. The UVA365/ClO2/NaClO process can effectively control the formation of volatile disinfection by-products (DBPs), and with the increase of ClO2 dosage, the formation of DBPs can also decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhengyu Dong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Ziyi Dong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Shengjie Ji
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Lili Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy, Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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Zhao R, Chew YMJ, Hofman JAMH, Lutze HV, Wenk J. UV-induced reactive species dynamics and product formation by chlorite. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122218. [PMID: 39121819 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Chlorite (ClO2-) is a regulated byproduct of chlorine dioxide water treatment processes. The transformation of chlorite under UV irradiation into chloride (Cl-) and chlorate (ClO3-) involves reactive species chain reactions that could enhance chlorine dioxide water treatment efficiency while reducing residual chlorite levels. This study conducted a mechanistic investigation of chlorite phototransformation by analyzing reaction intermediates and stable end products, including chlorine dioxide (ClO2), free chlorine (HOCl/OCl-), hydroxyl‑radical (•OH), Cl-, and ClO3- through combined experimental and modeling approaches. Experiments were performed at UV254 irradiation in pure buffered water within the pH range of 6 to 8. Results indicated that the apparent quantum yields for chlorite phototransformation increased from 0.86 to 1.45, and steady-state •OH concentrations at 1 mM initial chlorite concentration rose from 8.16 × 10-14 M - 16.1 × 10-14 M with decreasing pH values. It was observed that under UV irradiation, chlorite acts as both a significant producer and consumer of reactive species through three distinct reaction pathways. The developed kinetic model, which incorporates optimized intrinsic chlorite quantum yields Φchloritein ranging from 0.33 to 0.39, effectively simulated the loss of oxidants and the formation of major products. It also accurately predicted steady-state concentrations of various species, including •OH, •ClO, Cl• and O3. For the first time, this study provides a comprehensive transformation pathway scheme for chlorite phototransformation. The findings offer important insights into the mechanistic aspects of product and oxidizing species formation during chlorite phototransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Y M John Chew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jan A M H Hofman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Civil- and Environmental Engineering, Institute IWAR, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Li B, Chen B, Wei Z. Challenging established norms: The unanticipated role of alcohols in UV/PDS radical quenching. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135502. [PMID: 39173369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) process is known to be highly efficient for degrading micropollutants from water by generating sulfate (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•). Reliable analyses of short-lived SO4•- and HO• are therefore critical for understanding reaction mechanisms and optimizing operating conditions. Currently, alcohols are commonly used as quenchers to distinguish radicals based on the assumption that they exclusively react with target radicals without other influences. However, this study for the first time reveals a series of unexpected effects that challenge this conventional wisdom because: 1) adding alcohols altered the decomposition rates of PDS by replacing the reactions between SO4•- and HO• with PDS by the reactions between secondary reactive species and PDS; and 2) SO4•- preferably reacted with alcohols to generate nonnegligible level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under oxygen-rich conditions, which subsequently led to indirect formation of HO•. Additionally, the formation of H2O2 was substantially impacted by the types of alcohols, dosages, dissolved oxygen, and solution pH. Using probe tests as tools, we found that the actual SO4•- levels after dosing alcohols were only slightly different from assumed/expected levels, whereas the actually HO• levels were 43.7, 3364.9, and 12.5 times higher than assumed/expected conditions for samples dosed with methanol, iso-propanol, and tert-butanol, respectively. These unanticipated effects thus suggest that cautions are needed when using alcohols to qualitative and quantitative determine HO• and SO4•- in UV/PDS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 3, Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
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Cao S, Wan Q, Cao R, Wang J, Huang T, Wen G. Solar/ClO 2 system inactivates fungal spores in drinking water: Synergy, efficiency and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174886. [PMID: 39032749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The risk of fungal pollution in drinking water has been paid attention. Solar/chlorine dioxide (ClO2) combined system is an environment-friendly, economical and efficient disinfection method, especially for countries and regions that are economically backward and still exposed to unsafe drinking water. In this paper, the kinetics, influencing factors, mechanism and regrowth potential of inactivated Aspergillus niger (A. niger) spores by solar/ClO2 were reported for the first time. The inactivation curve can be divided into three stages: instant inactivation within 1-2 min, slow linear inactivation and finally a tail. The synergistic factors produced by solar/ClO2 in terms of log reduction and maximum inactivation rate were 1.194 and 1.112, respectively. The inhibitory effect on the regrowth of A. niger spores inactivated by solar/ClO2 was also stronger than that by ClO2 alone. Strongly oxidizing reactive species produced by solar/ClO2 accelerated the accumulation of endogenic reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by oxidation stress of A. niger spores, improving the inactivation ability of the system. The inactivation order of A. niger spores was: loss of culturability, accumulation of intracellular ROS, loss of membrane integrity, leakage of intracellular species and change of morphology. The inactivation performance of solar/ClO2 was better than solar/chlor(am)ine according to the comparison of inactivation efficiency and regrowth potential. Results also suggested that solar/ClO2 process was more suitable for the treatment of ground water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Cao
- Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Qiqi Wan
- Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Gang Wen
- Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
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5
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Yang X, Ye L, Zhou Y, Peng J, Kong Q. Effects of pH on the triplet state dissolved organic matter induced free available chlorine decay and radical formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133268. [PMID: 38113730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Triplet state dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) plays a significant role in inducing oxidant decay and radical generation in light-based advanced oxidation processes. However, the effects of pH still need investigation. This work quantitatively analyzed the pH-dependent free available chlorine (FAC) decay and radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•) induced by 3DOM* or triplet state photosensitizer (3PS*). Upon UV irradiation at 254 nm, the decay rate of FAC by 3DOM* or 3PS* was the highest at neutral pH, while those by dark reaction of DOM and the direct photolysis of FAC were the highest at acidic conditions. This is attributed to the variation of FAC species, 3DOM* or 3PS* formation, and the reaction rate constants of FAC with 3DOM* or 3PS* at pH 5.0-10.0. 3DOM* and 3PS* formed increasingly with pH varying from 5.0 to 10.0, while their reactivity with FAC decreased due to the speciation from HOCl to OCl-. Radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•) from FAC reaction with 3DOM* or 3PS* occurred at all the testing pH range (5.0-10.0). This work highlighted the pH-dependent role of 3DOM* in oxidant decay and radical formation in treating DOM containing waters through oxidant photolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: Triplet state dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) plays a significant role in inducing oxidant decay and radical generation in light-based AOPs. This study revealed the effects of pH in 3DOM* induced free available chlorine (FAC) decay and radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•). With DOM at 3 mgC L-1, FAC decayed fastest under neutral conditions and radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•) was enhanced at 5.0-10.0 due to 3DOM* reaction with FAC. These results highlighted the pH-dependent role of 3DOM* in oxidant transformation and radical formation in treating DOM containing waters by AOPs based on oxidant photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yangjian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianglin Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qingqing Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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6
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Lu F, Lin T, Chen H. Singlet oxygen-mediated fluconazole degradation during the activation of chlorine dioxide with sulfite. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120887. [PMID: 37992637 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated advanced oxidations have received considerable attention due to their strong capacity to resist the water matrix and high selectivity for organic pollutants. In this study, the activation of chlorine dioxide with sulfite (sulfite/ClO2 process) to effectively produce 1O2 was proposed to degrade fluconazole (FLC) and simultaneously control the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The results revealed that FLC could be rapidly degraded by 78.6 % within 10 s by the sulfite/ClO2 process. Radical quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements confirm that 1O2 produced by the cleavage of epoxides formed by the combination of triazole electron-rich groups in FLC with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was the main active species in the sulfite/ClO2 process. The degradation of FLC was favored under alkaline conditions because of the fast electron transfer rate at higher pH values. The presence of chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and humic acid (HA) hindered the degradation of FLC mainly because they compete with PMS for the electron-rich groups produced by the reaction. The degradation intermediates of FLC were identified by UPLC‒MS/MS, and their transformation pathways were deduced by the condensed Fukui function (CFF) theory. Using sulfite/ClO2 as a pretreatment process to treat real potable water, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and other intermediates may be produced via the carboxylation and carbonylation reactions mediated by 1O2, therefore promoting the formation of DBPs during the following chlorination. This study provided a new perspective that while 1O2 is effectively produced in the sulfite/ClO2 process for contaminant degradation, the formation of DBPs during subsequent chlorination should be cautioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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Wang Z, Li J, Song W, Yang J, Dong W, Zhang X. Bisphenol A degradation by chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) and S(IV)/ClO 2 process: Mechanism, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122736. [PMID: 37838321 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and (bi)sulfite/ClO2 showed excellent performance in micropollutant removal from water; however, the degradation mechanisms and application boundaries of the two system have not been identified. In this study, bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as the target contaminant to give multiple comparisons of ClO2 and S(IV)/ClO2 process regarding the degradation performance of contaminant, generation of reactive species, transformation of products and toxicity variation. Both ClO2 and S(IV)/ClO2 can degrade BPA within 3 min. The BPA degradation mechanism was mainly based on direct oxidation in ClO2 process while it was attributed to radicals (especially SO4·-) generation in S(IV)/ClO2 process. Meanwhile, the effect of pH and coexisting substances (Cl-, Br-, HCO3- and HA) were evaluated. It was found that ClO2 preferred the neutral and alkaline condition and S(IV)/ClO2 preferred the acidic condition for BPA degradation. An unexpected speed-up of BPA degradation was observed in ClO2 process in the presence of Br-, HCO3- and HA. In addition, the intermediate products in BPA degradation were identified. Three exclusive products were found in ClO2 process, in which p-benzoquinone was considered to be the reason of the acute toxicity increase in ClO2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ji Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Li J, Yang T, Zeng G, An L, Jiang J, Ao Z, Ma J. Ozone- and Hydroxyl Radical-Induced Degradation of Micropollutants in a Novel UVA-LED-Activated Periodate Advanced Oxidation Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18607-18616. [PMID: 36745772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel light emitting diode (LED)-activated periodate (PI) advanced oxidation process (AOP) at an irradiation wavelength in the ultraviolet A range (UVA, UVA-LED/PI AOP) was developed and investigated using naproxen (NPX) as a model micropollutant. The UVA-LED/PI AOP remarkably enhanced the degradation of NPX and seven other selected micropollutants with the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants ranging from 0.069 ± 0.001 to 4.50 ± 0.145 min-1 at pH 7.0, demonstrating a broad-spectrum micropollutant degradation ability. Lines of evidence from experimental analysis and kinetic modeling confirmed that hydroxyl radical (•OH) and ozone (O3) were the dominant species generated in UVA-LED/PI AOP, and they contributed evenly to NPX degradation. Increasing the pH and irradiation wavelength negatively affected NPX degradation, and this could be well explained by the decreased quantum yield (ΦPI) of PI. The degradation kinetics of NPX by the UVA-LED/PI AOP in the presence of water matrices (i.e., chloride, bicarbonate, and humic acid) and in real waters were examined, and the underlying mechanisms were illustrated. A total of nine transformation products were identified from NPX oxidation by the UVA-LED/PI AOP, mainly via hydroxylation, dealkylation, and oxidation pathways. The UVA-LED/PI AOP proposed might be a promising technology for the treatment of micropollutants in aqueous solutions. The pivotal role of ΦPI during light photolysis of PI may guide the future design of light-assisted PI AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai519087, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqian An
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai519087, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, People's Republic of China
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Khan ZUH, Gul NS, Sabahat S, Sun J, Tahir K, Shah NS, Muhammad N, Rahim A, Imran M, Iqbal J, Khan TM, Khasim S, Farooq U, Wu J. Removal of organic pollutants through hydroxyl radical-based advanced oxidation processes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115564. [PMID: 37890248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of Advance Oxidation Process (AOPs) has been extensively examined in order to eradicate organic pollutants. This review assesses the efficacy of photolysis, O3 based (O3/UV, O3/H2O2, O3/H2O2/UV, H2O2/UV, Fenton, Fenton-like, hetero-system) and sonochemical and electro-oxidative AOPs in this regard. The main purpose of this review and some suggestions for the advancement of AOPs is to facilitate the elimination of toxic organic pollutants. Initially proposed for the purification of drinking water in 1980, AOPs have since been employed for various wastewater treatments. AOPs technologies are essentially a process intensification through the use of hybrid methods for wastewater treatment, which generate large amounts of hydroxyl (•OH) and sulfate (SO4·-) radicals, the ultimate oxidants for the remediation of organic pollutants. This review covers the use of AOPs and ozone or UV treatment in combination to create a powerful method of wastewater treatment. This novel approach has been demonstrated to be highly effective, with the acceleration of the oxidation process through Fenton reaction and photocatalytic oxidation technologies. It is clear that Advance Oxidation Process are a helpful for the degradation of organic toxic compounds. Additionally, other processes such as •OH and SO4·- radical-based oxidation may also arise during AOPs treatment and contribute to the reduction of target organic pollutants. This review summarizes the current development of AOPs treatment of wastewater organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Shad Gul
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sana Sabahat
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Hubei key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Cihu Road 11, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, PR China
| | - Kamran Tahir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, CMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Material Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, CMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taj Malook Khan
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Syed Khasim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-Campus, KPK 22060, Pakistan; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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10
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Li B, Pan H, Chen B. A review of factors affecting the formation and roles of primary and secondary reactive species in UV 254-based advanced treatment processes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120537. [PMID: 37683496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water has been threatening human health and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Ultraviolet-based advanced treatment processes (UV-ATPs) are one of the most effective and promising technologies to transform OMPs in water; therefore, an increasing number of emerging UV-ATPs are proposed. However, appropriate selection of UV-ATPs for practical applications is challenging because each UV-ATP generates different types and concentrations of reactive species (RSs) that may not be sufficient to degrade specific types of OMPs. Furthermore, the concentrations and types of RSs are highly influenced by anions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) coexisting in real waters, making systematic understandings of their interfering mechanisms difficult. To identify and address the knowledge gaps, this review provides a comparison of the generations and variations of various types of RSs in different UV-ATPs. These analyses not only prove the importance of water matrices on formation and consumption of primary and secondary RSs under different conditions, but also highlight the non-negligible roles of optical properties and reactivities of DOM and anions. For example, different UV-ATPs may be applicable to different target OMPs under different conditions; and the concentrations and roles of secondary RSs may outperform those of primary RSs in OMP degradation for real applications. With continuous progress and outstanding achievements in the UV-ATPs, it is hoped that the findings and conclusions of this review could facilitate further research and application of UV-ATPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huimei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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11
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Yuan Z, Chen Y, Qiu C, Li MC, Qi J, de Hoop CF, Zhao A, Lai J, Zhang X, Huang X. Simple ultrasonic integration of shapeable, rebuildable, and multifunctional MIL-53(Fe)@cellulose composite for remediation of aqueous contaminants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126118. [PMID: 37541474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frames (MOFs) have been recognized as one of the best candidates in the remediation of aqueous contaminants, while the fragile powder shape restricts the practical implementation. In this work, a shapeable, rebuildable, and multifunctional MOF composite (MIL-53@CF) was prepared from MIL-53 (Fe) and cellulose fiber (CF) using a simple ultrasonic method for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. The results showed MIL-53(Fe) crystals were uniformly growth on CF surfaces and bonded with surface nanofibrils of CF through physical crosslinking and hydrogen bonding. Because of the high bonding strength, the MIL-53@CF composite exhibited an excellent compressive strength (3.53 MPa). More importantly, the MIL-53@CF composite was rebuildable through mechanical destruction followed by re-ultrasonication, suggesting the excellent reusability of MIL-53@CF for water remediation. The MIL-53@CF composite also had high adsorption capacities for methyl orange (884.6 mg·g-1), methylene blue (198.3 mg·g-1), and tetracycline (106.4 mg·g-1). MIL-53@CF composite could degrade TC through photocatalysis. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism was attributed to the Fe(II)/Fe(III) transform cycle reaction of MIL-53 crystal located on MIL-53@CF. Furthermore, the mechanical property and remoldability of MIL-53@CF composite increased its practicability. Comprehensively, MIL-53@CF composite provided a possible strategy to practically apply MOF in the remediation of aqueous contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Yuan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuanlong Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chongpeng Qiu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Jinqiu Qi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Cornelis F de Hoop
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Anjiu Zhao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jiaming Lai
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Departent of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Xingyan Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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12
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Li M, Li H, Ling C, Shang H, Wang H, Zhao S, Liang C, Mao C, Guo F, Zhou B, Ai Z, Zhang L. Highly selective synthesis of surface Fe IV=O with nanoscale zero-valent iron and chlorite for efficient oxygen transfer reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304562120. [PMID: 37695890 PMCID: PMC10515137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304562120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-valent iron-oxo species (FeIV=O) has been a long-sought-after oxygen transfer reagent in biological and catalytic chemistry but suffers from a giant challenge in its gentle and selective synthesis. Herein, we propose a new strategy to synthesize surface FeIV=O (≡FeIV=O) on nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using chlorite (ClO2-) as the oxidant, which possesses an impressive ≡FeIV=O selectivity of 99%. ≡FeIV=O can be energetically formed from the ferrous (FeII) sites on nZVI through heterolytic Cl-O bond dissociation of ClO2- via a synergistic effect between electron-donating surface ≡FeII and proximal electron-withdrawing H2O, where H2O serves as a hydrogen-bond donor to the terminal O atom of the adsorbed ClO2- thereby prompting the polarization and cleavage of Cl-O bond for the oxidation of ≡FeII toward the final formation of ≡FeIV=O. With methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMS16O) as the probe molecule, the isotopic labeling experiment manifests an exclusive 18O transfer from Cl18O2- to PMS16O18O mediated by ≡FeIV=18O. We then showcase the versatility of ≡FeIV=O as the oxygen transfer reagent in activating the C-H bond of methane for methanol production and facilitating selective triphenylphosphine oxide synthesis with triphenylphosphine. We believe that this new ≡FeIV=O synthesis strategy possesses great potential to drive oxygen transfer for efficient high-value-added chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Cancan Ling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Huan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Shengxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Chuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Furong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
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13
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Yang W, Li X, Chen R, Shen S, Xiao L, Li J, Dong F. Efficient purification of a nitrate and chlorate mixture in water via photoredox activated intermediate coupling-decoupling pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131964. [PMID: 37399724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) is a widespread contaminant that threatens human health and ecological safety. Meanwhile, the disinfection byproducts chlorate (ClO3-) is generated inevitably in conventional wastewater treatment. Therefore, the contaminants mixture of NO3- and ClO3- are universal in common emission units. Photocatalysis technology is a feasible approach for the synergistic abatement of contaminant mixture, where matching suitable oxidation reactions is a potential strategy to improve the photocatalytic reduction reactions. Herein, formate (HCOOH) oxidation is introduced to facilitate the photocatalytic reduction of the NO3- and ClO3- mixture. As a result, high purification efficiency of NO3- and ClO3- mixture are achieved, evidenced by 84.6% e--dependent removal of the mixture at a reaction time of 30 min, with 94.5% N2 selectivity and 100% Cl- selectivity, respectively. Specifically, by the close combination of in-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, the detailed reaction mechanism is revealed, in which the intermediate coupling-decoupling route from NO3- reduction and HCOOH oxidation is established by the chlorate-induced photoredox activation, leading to the significantly enhanced efficiency for the wastewater mixture purification. The practical application of this pathway is established for simulated wastewater to show its wide applicability. This work provides new insights into photoredox catalysis technology for its environmental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Yang
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xin Li
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shujie Shen
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jieyuan Li
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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14
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Sánchez-Montes I, Santos GOS, Dos Santos AJ, Fernandes CHM, Souto RS, Chelme-Ayala P, El-Din MG, Lanza MRV. Toxicological aspect of water treated by chlorine-based advanced oxidation processes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163047. [PMID: 36958544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As well established in the literature, residual toxicity is an important parameter for evaluating the sanitary and environmental safety of water treatment processes, and this parameter becomes even more crucial when chlorine-based processes are applied for water treatment. Eliminating initial toxicity or preventing its increase after water treatment remains a huge challenge mainly due to the formation of highly toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) that stem from the degradation of organic contaminants or the interaction of the chlorine-based oxidants with different matrix components. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion regarding the toxicological aspects of water treated using chlorine-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and the recent findings related to the factors influencing toxicity, and provide directions for future research in the area. The review begins by shedding light on the advances made in the application of free chlorine AOPs and the findings from studies conducted using electrochemical technologies based on free chlorine generation. We then delve into the insights and contributions brought to the fore regarding the application of NH2Cl- and ClO2-based treatment processes. Finally, we broaden our discussion by evaluating the toxicological assays and predictive models employed in the study of residual toxicity and provide an overview of the findings reported to date on this subject matter, while giving useful insights and directions for future research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Sánchez-Montes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9 Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Géssica O S Santos
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro J Dos Santos
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H M Fernandes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson S Souto
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela Chelme-Ayala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Chen H, Lin T, Wang P, Wang Y, Wei W, Zhu S. A novel solar-activated chlorine dioxide process for atrazine degradation in drinking water. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120056. [PMID: 37167851 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
New technologies using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with low energy-input to address the presence of micro-contaminants and the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are required for drinking water safety. In this work, the activation of chlorine dioxide with solar (solar/ClO2 process), a type of renewable and inexhaustible energy, was developed to degrade atrazine (ATZ) and control the formation of DBPs. Results revealed that solar/ClO2 process was effective in degrading ATZ. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and chlorine radicals (Cl•) produced in solar/ClO2 process were found to be the predominant agents for ATZ degradation with contribution rates of 55.9% and 44.1%, respectively, based on radical quenching tests and competition kinetics. Reaction pH did not affect the total amount of Cl• and •OH (i.e., [•OH]exp) and [Cl•]exp), while the conversion of Cl• to •OH was responsible for the depressed ATZ degradation efficiency with the increasing pH in solar/ClO2 process. The presence of bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride (Cl-) and humic acid (HA) retarded the ATZ degradation mainly due to they decreased [•OH]exp) and [Cl•]exp. Using the UPLC-MS/MS analysis, six degradation intermediates of ATZ were tentatively identified, and the three-stage degradation pathway as well as the stepwise detoxification of ATZ were confirmed by the condensed Fukui function (CFF) calculation and ECOSAR prediction. Applying solar/ClO2 as a pretreatment of HA-containing water, the formation of DBPs during post-chlorination was significantly reduced. However, the presence of ATZ during solar/ClO2 pretreatment of HA significantly lowered the control efficiency of DBPs. The major degradation intermediate, i.e., deethyldeisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DEIHA), of ATZ could incorporate into HA and therefore providing more precursors for DBPs. The acute toxicity recorded by the behavior of zebrafish larvae revealed that using chloramine instead of chlorine downstream the solar/ClO2 pretreatment of ATZ and HA could significantly reduce the acute toxicity by decreasing the formation of total DBPs. This study demonstrated the great potential of applying solar/ClO2 process followed by chloramination to simultaneously degrade micro-contaminants and reduce DBPs formation as well as toxic risk in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Shuguang Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China
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16
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Xie X, Chen H, Liu X, Xiang K, Liu H. Achieving Large-Capability Adsorption of Hg 0 in Wet Scrubbing by Defect-Rich Colloidal Copper Sulfides under High-SO 2 Atmosphere. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3157. [PMID: 37109995 PMCID: PMC10144309 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel method to remove Hg0 in the wet scrubbing process using defect-rich colloidal copper sulfides for reducing mercury emissions from non-ferrous smelting flue gas. Unexpectedly, it migrated the negative effect of SO2 on mercury removal performance, while also enhancing Hg0 adsorption. Colloidal copper sulfides demonstrated the superior Hg0 adsorption rate of 306.9 μg·g-1·min-1 under 6% SO2 + 6% O2 atmosphere with a removal efficiency of 99.1%, and the highest-ever Hg0 adsorption capacity of 736.5 mg·g-1, which was 277% higher than all other reported metal sulfides. The Cu and S sites transformation results reveal that SO2 could transform the tri-coordinate S sites into S22- on copper sulfides surfaces, while O2 regenerated Cu2+ via the oxidation of Cu+. The S22- and Cu2+ sites enhanced Hg0 oxidation, and the Hg2+ could strongly bind with tri-coordinate S sites. This study provides an effective strategy to achieve large-capability adsorption of Hg0 from non-ferrous smelting flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xie
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kaisong Xiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-Ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-Ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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17
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Yang T, Zhu M, An L, Zeng G, Fan C, Li J, Jiang J, Ma J. Photolysis of chlorite by solar light: An overlooked mitigation pathway for chlorite and micropollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119809. [PMID: 36878179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlorite (ClO2-) is an undesirable toxic byproduct commonly produced in the chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet/chlorine dioxide oxidation processes. Various methods have been developed to remove ClO2- but require additional chemicals or energy input. In this study, an overlooked mitigation pathway of ClO2- by solar light photolysis with a bonus for simultaneous removal of micropollutant co-present was reported. ClO2- could be efficiently decomposed to chloride (Cl-) and chlorate by simulated solar light (SSL) at water-relevant pHs with Cl- yield up to 65% at neutral pH. Multiple reactive species including hydroxyl radical (•OH), ozone (O3), chloride radical (Cl•), and chlorine oxide radical (ClO•) were generated in the SSL/ClO2- system with the steady-state concentrations following the order of O3 (≈ 0.8 μΜ) > ClO• (≈ 4.4 × 10-6 μΜ)> •OH (≈ 1.1 × 10-7 μΜ)> Cl• (≈ 6.8 × 10-8 μΜ) at neutral pH under investigated condition. Bezafibrate (BZF) as well as the selected six other micropollutants was efficiently degraded by the SSL/ClO2- system with pseudofirst-order rate constants ranging from 0.057 to 0.21 min-1 at pH 7.0, while most of them were negligibly degraded by SSL or ClO2- treatment alone. Kinetic modeling of BZF degradation by SSL/ClO2- at pHs 6.0 - 8.0 suggested that •OH contributed the most, followed by Cl•, O3, and ClO•. The presence of water background components (i.e., humic acid, bicarbonate, and chloride) exhibited negative effects on BZF degradation by the SSL/ClO2- system, mainly due to their competitive scavenging of reactive species therein. The mitigation of ClO2- and BZF under photolysis by natural solar light or in realistic waters was also confirmed. This study discovered an overlooked natural mitigation pathway for ClO2- and micropollutants, which has significant implications for understanding their fate in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Mengyang Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Linqian An
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Ge Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Chengqian Fan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai 519087, China.
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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18
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Sato Y, Xiang Y, Cooper P, Cassol GS, Luo Y, Zeng Q, Shang C, Ren ZJ, Chen G. Evaluating UV 254 absorbance reductions in landfill leachate for municipal sewage co-treatment through timed UV/electrooxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130624. [PMID: 37056023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate contains dissolved organic matter (DOM) exhibiting high ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UVA254). The UVA254 limits leachate co-treatment with municipal sewage by hindering the downstream UV disinfection efficiency at wastewater treatment plants. Here, we alleviated the UVA254 by timing the radiation in a UV/electrooxidation (UV/EO) process to accelerate reactive species formation. At 200 A·m-2, the UV radiation was delayed by 10 min to accumulate 21 mg·L-1 as Cl2, which enhanced the initial radical formation rate by 5.25 times compared with a simultaneous UV/EO. The timed operation increased the steady-state concentrations of ClO• by 700 times to 4.11 × 10-14 M and reduced the leachate UVA254 by 78.2% after 60 min. We identified that aromatic formulas with low oxygen content were susceptible to UV/EO from Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis. The toxicity of the treated leachate and generated byproducts was assessed through specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) and developmental assays with Platynereis dumerilii. After quenching the residual chlorine, leachate co-treatment at 3.5% v/v presented minimal toxicological risk. Our findings provide operational insights for applying UV/EO in high UVA254 matrices such as landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingying Xiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Cooper
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gabriela Scheibel Cassol
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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A novel exposure mode based on UVA-LEDs for bacterial inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 239:112641. [PMID: 36610349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging UV source, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are increasingly being used for disinfection purposes. UVA-LEDs have a higher output power, lower cost, and stronger penetration and cause less harm than UVC-LEDs. In this study, a novel exposure mode based on UVA was proposed and well demonstrated by various experiments using S. aureus as an indicator. Compared with single-dose exposure, fractionated exposure with a 15 min interval between treatments resulted in increased S. aureus inactivation. A longer interval or lower first irradiation dose was unfavorable for inactivation. Fractionated exposure changed the inactivation rate constant and eliminated the shoulder in the fluence-response curves. This resulted in changing the sensitivity of bacteria to UVA and improving bacterial inactivation. Moreover, the fractioned exposure mode has universality for various bacteria (including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria). S. aureus was not reactivated by photoreactivation or dark repair after UVA treatment. As expected, the cells were damaged more seriously after fractionated exposure, further suggesting the advantages of this new exposure mode. In addition, the mechanism by which bacteria were inactivated after fractionated exposure was investigated, and it was found that •OH played an important role. A longer interval between treatments showed an adverse effect on inactivation, mainly due to the reduction of •OH and recovery of intracellular GSH. In summary, the current work provides novel ideas for the application of UVA-LEDs, which will give more choices for disinfection treatment.
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20
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Huang C, Yang T, Li M, Mai J, Wu S, Li J, Ma G, Liu C, Jia J, Ma J. Generation of hydroxyl radicals via activation of Cr(VI) by UVA-LED for rapid decontamination: The important role of Cr(V). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:129913. [PMID: 36152544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was activated by ultraviolet-A light-emitting diode (UVA-LED), resulting in efficient removal of various pollutants, including dye, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides, with pseudo-first-order rate constants of 0.0610-0.159 min-1. Comparatively, UVA-LED or Cr(VI) alone barely degraded selected pollutants. Both HO• and Cr(V) were produced in the UVA-LED/Cr(VI) system based on scavenging and probing experiments, UV-visible and electron spin resonance spectra analysis. HO• was demonstrated to be the dominant reactive species via stepwise regeneration of Cr(V) to Cr(VI). The quantum yield of HO• was determined to be 7.79 × 10-4 mol Es-1 at a Cr(VI) dosage of 0.5 mM and pH of 6.0. Additionally, the degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a model compound decreased linearly as UVA-LED wavelengths increased from 365 to 405 nm, while SMX was barely degraded at visible light irradiation wavelength ranges (449-505 nm). SMX degradation efficiency increased from 71.0 % to 97.5 % as Cr(VI) dosage increased from 0.05 to 0.7 mM. pH displayed a negative impact on SMX degradation with its removal efficiency decreasing from 99.4 % to 13.3 % as pH increased from 3.0 to 9.0. This study first reported that HO• was generated via activation of Cr(VI) by UVA-LED, which is instructive for the removal of pollutants co-existed in chromium-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Mingwei Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiamin Mai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai 519087, China
| | - Guobiao Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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21
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Yang T, Mai J, Zhu M, Peng Q, Huang C, Wu S, Tan Q, Jia J, Fang J, Ma J. Enhanced Permanganate Activation under UVA-LED Irradiation: Unraveled Mechanism Involving Manganese Species and Hydroxyl Radical. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17720-17731. [PMID: 36469811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate [Mn(VII)] has gained broad attention in water treatment. However, its limited reactivity toward some refractory micropollutants hinders its application for micropollutant degradation. Herein, we introduced UVA-LED photolysis of Mn(VII) (UVA-LED/Mn(VII)) to degrade micropollutants (diclofenac (DCF), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), atrazine, and nitrobenzene) by selecting DCF and 4-CP as target micropollutants. The effects of operating conditions (e.g., light intensity, radiation wavelengths, pH, and water constituents) on DCF and 4-CP degradation as well as the underlying mechanisms were systematically studied. The degradation rates of DCF and 4-CP linearly decreased with increasing radiation wavelengths (from 365 to 405 nm), likely due to the decreased molar absorption coefficients and quantum yields of Mn(VII). Reactive manganese species (RMnS), including Mn(V), Mn(III), and HO•, were generated in the UVA-LED/Mn(VII) process. Mn(V) and HO• were responsible for DCF degradation, while Mn(III), HO•, and likely Mn(V) accounted for 4-CP degradation. Competitive kinetic results revealed that contributions of RMnS and HO• decreased with increasing radiation wavelengths, wherein RMnS played the dominant role. Increasing pH displayed opposite effects on DCF and 4-CP degradation with higher degradation efficiency obtained at acidic pH for the former one but alkaline pH for the latter one. The presence of water background ions (e.g., Cl-, HCO3-, and Ca2+) barely influenced DCF and 4-CP degradation. Finally, in comparison with Mn(VII) alone, enhanced degradation of DCF and 4-CP by UVA-LED/Mn(VII) was observed in real waters. This work advances the understanding of the photochemistry of manganese species in micropollutant degradation and facilitates Mn(VII) oxidation in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Mai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyang Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiqi Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinying Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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22
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Comparison of sulfate radical with other reactive species. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Sun Q, Fan Y, Yang J, Lu Z, Xu Z, Lai X, Zheng Y, Cai K, Wang F. Role of trace TEMPO as electron shuttle in enhancing chloroquine phosphate elimination in UV-LED-driven persulfate activation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 10:108641. [PMID: 36186959 PMCID: PMC9510124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine Phosphate (CP) is an antiviral drug used for treatment of COVID-19. It is released into wastewater and eventually contaminates natural water. This study reports an effective homogeneous catalysis way for CP degradation by the 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) enhanced persulfate (PDS) activation under UVB-LEDs irradiation at 305 nm. TEMPO at a low concentration (0.1 μM) enhanced CP degradation in UV305/PDS process in deionized water at different pHs, in different anions and different molecular weight dissolved organic matter solutions and in real surface water. The enhancement was verified to be attributed to the electron shuttle role of TEMPO, which promoted the yield of SO4 •- by enhancing electron donating capacity of the reacting system. The degradation products of CP and their acute toxicities suggested that UV305/PDS/TEMPO process has better performance on CP detoxification than UV305/PDS process. This study provides a new way to tackle the challenge of pharmaceutical pollutions in homogeneous photocatalysis process for natural water and sewage restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yongjie Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zhilei Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xingteng Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yuyi Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Kaicong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feifeng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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24
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Kong Q, Pan Y, Lei X, Zhou Y, Lei Y, Peng J, Zhang X, Yin R, Shang C, Yang X. Reducing properties of triplet state organic matter ( 3DOM*) probed via the transformation from chlorine dioxide to chlorite. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119120. [PMID: 36126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) have been well known to oxidize various organic contaminants, but evidence of their reducing properties are largely scarce. In this work, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as a single-electron oxidant was used as a probe to evaluate the reduction property of 3DOM*. The reduction of ClO2 to chlorite was observed in the solutions of model photosensitizers (i.e., 4-carboxybenzophenone, benzophenone, acetophenone, 3-methoxyacetophenone, naphthalene, and xanthone) during UV irradiation with the presence of ClO2, though they are resistant to ClO2 oxidation in the dark. The reducing property of the triplet states of photosensitizers was verified and their second-order reaction rate constants with ClO2 were determined to be in the range of 1.45(± 0.03)× 109 - 2.18(± 0.06) × 109 M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0. The quenching tests excluded the role of other reactive species (e.g., HO•, O(3P), Cl•, ClO• and HOCl/OCl-, O2•- and eaq-) in ClO2 reduction to chlorite when using model photosensitizers and DOM isolates. Chlorite formation was 48.1-90.4% and 4812.8-7721.8% higher during UV irradiation with the presence of ClO2 and DOM than those without UV irradiation or without DOM present, respectively. The enhancement was attributed to the enhanced electron donating capacity (chlorite precursors) of DOM upon UV irradiation and also to 3DOM* acting as an electron donor reducing ClO2 to chlorite. This study highlighted the important role of 3DOM* as a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanheng Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yangjian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianglin Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999066, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999066, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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25
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Wang Y, Yin R, Tang Z, Liu W, He C, Xia D. Reactive Nitrogen Species Mediated Inactivation of Pathogenic Microorganisms during UVA Photolysis of Nitrite at Surface Water Levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12542-12552. [PMID: 35976624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UVA photolysis of nitrite (NO2-) occurs in a number of natural and engineered aquatic systems. This study reports for the first time that pathogenic microorganisms can be effectively inactivated during the coexposure of UVA irradiation and NO2- under environmentally relevant conditions. The results demonstrated that more than 3 log inactivation of Escherichia coli K-12, Staphylococcus aureus, and Spingopyxis sp. BM1-1 was achieved by UVA photolysis of 2.0 mg-N L-1 of NO2- in synthetic drinking water and real surface water. The inactivation was mainly attributed to the reactive species generated from UVA photolysis of NO2- rather than UVA irradiation or NO2- oxidation alone. The inactivation was predominantly contributed by the reactive nitrogen species (NO2• and ONOO-/HOONO) instead of the reactive oxygen species (HO• or O2•-). A kinetic model to simulate the reactive species generation from UVA photolysis of NO2- was established, validated, and used to predict the contributions of different reactive species to the inactivation under various environmental conditions. Several advanced tools (e.g., D2O - labeling with Raman spectroscopy) were used to demonstrate that the inactivation by the UVA/NO2- treatment was attributed to the DNA destruction by the reactive nitrogen species, which completely suppressed the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) states and the reactivation of bacteria. This study highlights a novel process for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water and emphasizes the critical role of reactive nitrogen species in water disinfection and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuoyun Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiqi Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dehua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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26
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Zhao J, Peng J, Shang C, Yin R. Revisiting the protocol for determining submicromolar concentrations of ozone in the water treated by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135117. [PMID: 35636598 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is formed at submicromolar concentrations from photolysis of many oxyanions and oxidants in water and contributes importantly to the degradation of emerging contaminants and inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in the natural and engineered aquatic systems. In this study, we identified and discussed the critical limitations of the commonly-used protocols using cinnamic acid (CNA) as a probe compound to determine the submicromolar-level ozone and proposed a modified protocol that overcomes those limitations. Our experimental investigation demonstrated that the radicals (e.g., HO•) formed from photolysis of oxyanions and oxidants, other than ozone, could also oxidize CNA and form benzaldehyde, resulting in the overestimation of ozone concentrations by using the commonly-used protocols. Moreover, the benzaldehyde formed from ozone-CNA reactions could be degraded by the radicals, leading to the underestimation of ozone concentrations by using the commonly-used protocols. A new protocol with high accuracy and precision was proposed and the rationales for each operational step of the new protocol were explained in detail and supported with justifications. The new protocol was compared with two commonly-used protocols in determining the concentration of ozone in the same water sample treated by the UV/chlorine process at three different UV wavelengths. The wavelength-dependent overestimation/underestimation of the ozone concentrations by using the two commonly-used protocols was well demonstrated and explained by the overlooked interferences of radicals in the protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiadong Peng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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27
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Xu MY, Lin YL, Zhang TY, Hu CY, Tang YL, Deng J, Xu B. Chlorine dioxide-based oxidation processes for water purification:A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129195. [PMID: 35739725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has emerged as a broad-spectrum, safe, and effective disinfectant due to its high oxidation efficiency and reduced formation of organochlorinated by-products during application. This article provides an updated overview of ClO2-based oxidation processes used in water treatment. A systematic review of scientific information and experimental data on ClO2-based water purification procedures is presented. Concerning ClO2-based oxidation derivative problems, the pros and cons of ClO2-based combined processes are assessed and disinfection by-product (DBP) control approaches are proposed. The kinetic and mechanistic data on ClO2 reactivity towards micropollutants are discussed. ClO2 selectively reacts with electron-rich moieties (anilines, phenols, olefins, and amines) and eliminates certain inorganic ions and microorganisms with high efficiency. The formation of chlorite and chlorate during the oxidation process is a crucial concern when utilizing ClO2. Future applications include the combination of ClO2 with ferrous ions, activated carbon, ozone, UV, visible light, or persulfate processes. The combined process can reduce by-product generation while still ensuring ClO2 sterilization and disinfection. Overall, this research could provide useful information and new insights into the application of ClO2-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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28
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Li J, Cassol GS, Zhao J, Sato Y, Jing B, Zhang Y, Shang C, Yang X, Ao Z, Chen G, Yin R. Superfast degradation of micropollutants in water by reactive species generated from the reaction between chlorine dioxide and sulfite. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118886. [PMID: 35917667 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is used as an oxidant or disinfectant in (waste)water treatment, whereas sulfite is a prevalent reducing agent to quench the excess ClO2. This study demonstrated that seven micropollutants with structural diversity could be rapidly degraded in the reaction between ClO2 and sulfite under environmentally relevant conditions in synthetic and real drinking water. For example, carbamazepine, which is recalcitrant to standalone ClO2 or sulfite, was degraded by 55%-80% in 10 s in the ClO2/sulfite process at 30-µM ClO2 and 30-µM sulfite concentrations within a pH range of 6.0-11.0. Results from experiments and a kinetic model supported that chlorine monoxide (ClO·) and sulfate radicals (SO4·-) were generated in the ClO2/sulfite process, while hydroxyl radical generation was insignificant. Apart from radicals, dichlorine trioxide (Cl2O3) was generated and largely contributed to micropollutant degradation, supported by experimental results using stopped-flow spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations. The impacts of pH, sulfite dosage, and water matrix components (chloride, bicarbonate, and natural organic matter) on micropollutant abatement in the ClO2/sulfite process were evaluated and discussed. When treating the real potable water, the concentrations of organic (five regulated disinfection byproducts) and inorganic byproducts (chlorite and chlorate) formed in the ClO2/sulfite process were all below the drinking water standards. This study disclosed fundamental knowledge advancements relevant to the reaction mechanisms between ClO2 and sulfite, and highlighed a novel process to abate micropollutants in water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai, Hong Kong 519087, China
| | - Gabriela Scheibel Cassol
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Yugo Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Binghua Jing
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai, Hong Kong 519087, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong 510275, China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai, Hong Kong 519087, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China.
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29
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Direct and Activated Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation for Micropollutant Abatement: A Review on Kinetics, Reactive Sites, and Degradation Pathway. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ClO2-based oxidation has attracted increasing attention to micropollutant abatement, due to high oxidation potential, low disinfection byproduct (DBPs) formation, and easy technical implementation. However, the kinetics, reactive sites, activation methods, and degradation pathways involved are not fully understood. Therefore, we reviewed current literature on ClO2-based oxidation in micropollutant abatement. In direct ClO2 oxidation, the reactions of micropollutants with ClO2 followed second-order reaction kinetics (kapp = 10−3–106 M−1 s−1 at neutral pH). The kapp depends significantly on the molecular structures of the micropollutant and solution pH. The reactive sites of micropollutants start with certain functional groups with the highest electron densities including piperazine, sulfonyl amido, amino, aniline, pyrazolone, phenol groups, urea group, etc. The one-electron transfer was the dominant micropollutant degradation pathway, followed by indirect oxidation by superoxide anion radical (O2•−) or hydroxyl radical (•OH). In UV-activated ClO2 oxidation, the reactions of micropollutants followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with the rates of 1.3 × 10−4–12.9 s−1 at pH 7.0. Their degradation pathways include direct ClO2 oxidation, direct UV photolysis, ozonation, •OH-involved reaction, and reactive chlorine species (RCS)-involved reaction. Finally, we identified the research gaps and provided recommendations for further research. Therefore, this review gives a critical evaluation of ClO2-based oxidation in micropollutant abatement, and provides recommendations for further research.
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Stanbury DM. Misconceptions about the Chemistry of Aqueous Chlorine Atoms and HClOH •(aq), and a Revised Mechanism for the Photochemical Peroxydisulfate/Chloride Reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12541-12549. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is widely considered that aqueous chlorine atoms (Cl•) convert to the species HClOH• with a half life of about 3 µs and that this species plays an important role...
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