1
|
Do ATN, Hiki K, Watanabe H, Yamamoto H, Endo S. Developing a Passive Dosing Method for Acute Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Cationic Surfactant Benzalkoniums (BACs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13678-13686. [PMID: 39047073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) have been of environmental concern due to their widespread use and potential harm. However, challenges arise in defining and controlling the exposure concentration (Cw) in aquatic toxicity tests involving BACs with a long alkyl chain (i.e., #C > 14). To address this, a novel passive dosing method was introduced in the 48 h-acute ecotoxicity test on Daphnia magna and compared to the conventional solvent-spiking method in terms of Cw stability and toxicity results. Among 13 sorbent materials tested for their sorption capacity, poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane was an optimal passive dosing reservoir, with equilibrium desorption of BACs to water achieved within 24 h. The Cw of BACs remained constant in both applied dosing methods during the test period. However, the Cw in solvent-spiking tests was lower than the nominal concentration for long-chain BACs, particularly at low exposure concentrations. Notably, the solvent-spiking tests indicated that the toxicity of BACs increased with alkyl chain length from C6 to 14, followed by a decline in toxicity from C14 to 18. In contrast, the passive dosing method displayed similar or slightly increasing toxicity levels of BACs from C14 to C18, indicating higher toxicity of C16 and C18-BACs than that inferred by the solvent spiking test. These findings emphasize the potential of applying this innovative passive dosing approach in aquatic toxicity tests to generate reliable and accurate toxicity data and support a comprehensive risk assessment of cationic surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Ngoc Do
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, 305-8506 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, 305-8506 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, 305-8506 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, 305-8506 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, 305-8506 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bartels Y, Jekel M, Putschew A. Impact of the reductive deiodination on the sorption of iodinated X-ray contrast media to filter sand and activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121801. [PMID: 38810597 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) and their aerobic transformation products (TPs) are widespread in the aquatic environment due to their persistent and mobile character. In a previous lab study, we have shown that the reductive (partial) deiodination of selected triiodobenzene derivatives increases the sorption to aquifer sand and loam soil, since iodine affects the compounds by steric hindrance, repulsive forces, resonance and inductive effects. These results suggest that the (partial) deiodination generally occurring to ICM and aerobic ICM TPs during anoxic/anaerobic bank filtration has a potential to increase their removal by sorption to natural sorbents. To basically assess the sorption potential to technically applied materials for drinking water treatment subsequent to bank filtration, we investigated the sorption of iopromide, diatrizoate and 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophtalic acid and their di, mono and deiodinated structures to used filter sand from a waterworks and different fresh powdered activated carbons in batch tests using Berlin drinking water. The filter material, coated by iron and manganese oxides as well as organic material (including biofilm), preferentially removed monoiodinated derivatives, but diffusion through the organic layer heavily slowed the sorption. Therefore, the removal potential by sorption in rapid sand filters of waterworks for (partially) deiodinated benzene derivatives is suggested to be low. The deiodination of iopromide and diatrizoate significantly increased the sorption affinity to activated carbon and the competitiveness with regard to drinking water DOC. Despite the large atom radius of iodine, no clear correlation was found between the pore characteristics of the activated carbons and the molecular size of the compounds. This study emphasises the importance of anoxic/anaerobic conditions for the removal of persistent and mobile ICM and ICM TPs during drinking water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Bartels
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muñoz-Vega E, Horovitz M, Dönges L, Schiedek T, Schulz S, Schüth C. Competitive sorption experiments reveal new regression models to predict PhACs sorption on carbonaceous materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134239. [PMID: 38640667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants onto thermally altered carbonaceous materials (TACM) constitutes a widely used technology for remediation of polluted waters. This process is typically described by sorption isotherms, with one of the most used models, the Polanyi-Dubinin-Manes (PDM) equation, including water solubility (Sw) as a normalizing factor. In case of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), Sw depends on the pH of the environment due to the ionic/ionizable behavior of these chemicals, a fact frequently ignored in sorption studies of PhACs. In this work, we set the theoretical framework to include the variation of Sw with pH in the definition of the PDM model, and we applied this approach to describe the effect of ambient pH in the competitive sorption of three commonly detected PhACs (carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and sulfamethoxazole) onto three carbonaceous sorbents (biochar, powder activated carbon, and colloidal activated carbon). Changes in the ambient pH and hence in the hydrophobicity of the compounds could explain the strong variations observed in single-solute sorption and also in competitive sorption. Furthermore, Sw was used as a parameter for the linear regression model of sorption coefficients of our experiments, suggesting the incorporation of this variable as an improvement to existing approaches for prediction of PhACs sorption onto TACM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edinsson Muñoz-Vega
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany.
| | - Marcel Horovitz
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany; Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Avenida do Brasil 101, Lisbon 1700-066, Portugal
| | - Lisa Dönges
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Thomas Schiedek
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstraße 9, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany; Water Resources Management Division, IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45476, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chirsir P, Palm EH, Baskaran S, Schymanski EL, Wang Z, Wolf R, Hale SE, Arp HPH. Grouping strategies for assessing and managing persistent and mobile substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2024; 36:102. [PMID: 38784824 PMCID: PMC11108893 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-024-00919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT), or very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances are a wide class of chemicals that are recalcitrant to degradation, easily transported, and potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Due to their persistence and mobility, these substances are often widespread in the environment once emitted, particularly in water resources, causing increased challenges during water treatment processes. Some PMT/vPvM substances such as GenX and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid have been identified as substances of very high concern (SVHCs) under the European Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. With hundreds to thousands of potential PMT/vPvM substances yet to be assessed and managed, effective and efficient approaches that avoid a case-by-case assessment and prevent regrettable substitution are necessary to achieve the European Union's zero-pollution goal for a non-toxic environment by 2050. Main Substance grouping has helped global regulation of some highly hazardous chemicals, e.g., through the Montreal Protocol and the Stockholm Convention. This article explores the potential of grouping strategies for identifying, assessing and managing PMT/vPvM substances. The aim is to facilitate early identification of lesser-known or new substances that potentially meet PMT/vPvM criteria, prompt additional testing, avoid regrettable use or substitution, and integrate into existing risk management strategies. Thus, this article provides an overview of PMT/vPvM substances and reviews the definition of PMT/vPvM criteria and various lists of PMT/vPvM substances available. It covers the current definition of groups, compares the use of substance grouping for hazard assessment and regulation, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of grouping substances for regulation. The article then explores strategies for grouping PMT/vPvM substances, including read-across, structural similarity and commonly retained moieties, as well as the potential application of these strategies using cheminformatics to predict P, M and T properties for selected examples. Conclusions Effective substance grouping can accelerate the assessment and management of PMT/vPvM substances, especially for substances that lack information. Advances to read-across methods and cheminformatics tools are needed to support efficient and effective chemical management, preventing broad entry of hazardous chemicals into the global market and favouring safer and more sustainable alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parviel Chirsir
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Emma H. Palm
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sivani Baskaran
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Wolf
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah E. Hale
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hans Peter H. Arp
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 0806 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sørmo E, Lade CBM, Zhang J, Asimakopoulos AG, Åsli GW, Hubert M, Goranov AI, Arp HPH, Cornelissen G. Stabilization of PFAS-contaminated soil with sewage sludge- and wood-based biochar sorbents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170971. [PMID: 38408660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable and effective remediation technologies for the treatment of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are greatly needed. This study investigated the effects of waste-based biochars on the leaching of PFAS from a sandy soil with a low total organic carbon content (TOC) of 0.57 ± 0.04 % impacted by PFAS from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) dispersed at a former fire-fighting facility. Six different biochars (pyrolyzed at 700-900 °C) were tested, made from clean wood chips (CWC), waste timber (WT), activated waste timber (aWT), two digested sewage sludges (DSS-1 and DSS-2) and de-watered raw sewage sludge (DWSS). Up-flow column percolation tests (15 days and 16 pore volume replacements) with 1 % biochar indicated that the dominant congener in the soil, perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS) was retained best by the aWT biochar with a 99.9 % reduction in the leachate concentration, followed by sludge-based DWSS (98.9 %) and DSS-2 and DSS-1 (97.8 % and 91.6 %, respectively). The non-activated wood-based biochars (CWC and WT) on the other hand, reduced leaching by <42.4 %. Extrapolating this to field conditions, 90 % leaching of PFOS would occur after 15 y for unamended soil, and after 1200 y and 12,000 y, respectively, for soil amended with 1 % DWSS-amended and aWT biochar. The high effectiveness of aWT and the three sludge-based biochars in reducing PFAS leaching from the soil was attributed largely to high porosity in a pore size range (>1.5 nm) that can accommodate the large PFAS molecules (>1.02-2.20 nm) combined with a high affinity to the biochar matrix. Other factors like anionic exchange capacity could play a contributing role. Sorbent effectiveness was better for long-chain than for short-chain PFAS, due to weaker, apolar interactions between the biochar and the latter's shorter hydrophobic CF2-tails. The findings were the first to demonstrate that locally sourced activated wood-waste biochars and non-activated sewage sludge biochars could be suitable sorbents for the ex situ stabilization and in situ remediation of PFAS-contaminated soil, bringing this technology one step closer to full-scale field testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Sørmo
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Clara Benedikte Mader Lade
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Geir Wold Åsli
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michel Hubert
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandar I Goranov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Sangion A, Wang S, Gouin T, Brown T, Arnot JA, Li L. Chemical Space Covered by Applicability Domains of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships and Semiempirical Relationships in Chemical Assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38263624 PMCID: PMC10882972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A significant number of chemicals registered in national and regional chemical inventories require assessments of their potential "hazard" concerns posed to humans and ecological receptors. This warrants knowledge of their partitioning and reactivity properties, which are often predicted by quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) and other semiempirical relationships. It is imperative to evaluate the applicability domain (AD) of these tools to ensure their suitability for assessment purpose. Here, we investigate the extent to which the ADs of commonly used QSPRs and semiempirical relationships cover seven partitioning and reactivity properties of a chemical "space" comprising 81,000+ organic chemicals registered in regulatory and academic chemical inventories. Our findings show that around or more than half of the chemicals studied are covered by at least one of the commonly used QSPRs. The investigated QSPRs demonstrate adequate AD coverage for organochlorides and organobromines but limited AD coverage for chemicals containing fluorine and phosphorus. These QSPRs exhibit limited AD coverage for atmospheric reactivity, biodegradation, and octanol-air partitioning, particularly for ionizable organic chemicals compared to nonionizable ones, challenging assessments of environmental persistence, bioaccumulation capability, and long-range transport potential. We also find that a predictive tool's AD coverage of chemicals depends on how the AD is defined, for example, by the distance of a predicted chemical from the centroid of the training chemicals or by the presence or absence of structural features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | | | - Shenghong Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Todd Gouin
- TG Environmental Research, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1PL, U.K
| | - Trevor Brown
- ARC Arnot Research & Consulting, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research & Consulting, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Zhang J, Du C, Jin Y, Wu X, He K, Yang Y, Li X. Effects of charge-assisted hydrogen bond on sorption and co-sorption of pharmaceutical contaminants on carbonaceous materials: Spectroscopic and theoretical studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168375. [PMID: 37952672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Charge-assisted hydrogen bond (CAHB) is a key mechanism that affects the environmental behavior of pharmaceutical pollutants (PCs). However, the strength and stability of various CAHBs, and their effects on the co-sorption behavior of PCs are still unclear. Herein, DFT calculation with different solvent models including two implicit solvent model (PCM and SMD), and one explicit solvent model (ESM) were applied in this study, to investigate the effects of different CAHBs on the sorption and co-sorption behavior of four PCs (e.g., clofibric acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, acetaminophen, and sulfamerazine) on three model carbonaceous materials. First, the appearance of new peaks in the very low field of 1H NMR, and the blue shift of OH and NH2 peaks in FTIR indicated that CAHBs were indeed formed between PCs and carbonaceous materials. Next, according to the principal component analysis and correlation analysis of parameters (e.g., ΔEads, bond length, bond angle, Egap, and ΔG) of these CAHBs calculated by the DFT with different solvent models, the results showed that SMD is the optimal model for calculating the strength and stability of CAHBs by DFT, and the strength and stability of CAHBs formed between PCs and carbonaceous materials in this study were in the order of homonuclear [O⋯H⋯O]- CAHB > heteronuclear [O⋯HN]-/[N⋯HO]+ type of CAHB > homonuclear [N⋯H⋯N]+. Also, the co-sorption behavior of different PCs co-existing in binary systems further confirmed that, all above types of CAHBs formed between PCs and carbonaceous materials can produce obvious competition effect on the co-existing PCs that only OHB formed between them. This study not only reveals the environmental behavior of co-existing PCs, but also provides a theoretical basis for the design of obligate sorption materials for PCs in the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cong Du
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yaofeng Jin
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Kunyu He
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wieringa N, Droge STJ, Ter Laak TL, Nair AAK, Walker K, Verdonschot PFM, Kraak MHS. Combining Passive Sampling and Dosing to Unravel the Contribution of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants to Sediment Ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:269-279. [PMID: 38153417 PMCID: PMC10785821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated sediments are ubiquitous repositories of pollutants and cause substantial environmental risks. Results of sediment bioassays remain difficult to interpret, however, as observed effects may be caused by a variety of (un)known stressors. This study aimed therefore to isolate the effects of hydrophobic organic contaminants from other (non)chemical stressors present in contaminated sediments, by employing a newly developed passive sampling-passive dosing (PSPD) test. The results showed that equilibrium partitioning between pesticides or polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated sediments and a silicone rubber (SR) passive sampler was achieved after 1-3 days. Chlorpyrifos concentrations in pore water of spiked sediment matched very well with concentrations released from the SR into an aqueous test medium, showing that SR can serve as a passive dosing device. Subjecting the 96 h PSPD laboratory bioassay with nonbiting midge (Chironomus riparius) larvae to field-collected sediments showed that at two locations, concentrations of the hydrophobic organic contaminant mixtures were high enough to affect the test organisms. In conclusion, the developed PSPD test was able to isolate the effects of hydrophobic organic contaminants and provides a promising simplified building block for a suite of PSPD tests that after further validation could be used to unravel the contribution of hydrophobic organic chemicals to sediment ecotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Wieringa
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T. J. Droge
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. Ter Laak
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- KWR
Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Aishwarya A. K. Nair
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kelsey Walker
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet F. M. Verdonschot
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H. S. Kraak
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Endo S. Intermolecular Interactions, Solute Descriptors, and Partition Properties of Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17534-17541. [PMID: 37909300 PMCID: PMC10653080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The environmental partition properties of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) must be understood for their transport and fate analysis. In this study, isothermal gas chromatographic (GC) retention times of 60 neutral PFAS were measured using four columns with different stationary phase polarities, which indicated varying polar interactions exerted by these substances. The GC data were combined with new octanol/water partition coefficient data from this study and existing partition coefficient data from the literature and used to determine the polyparameter linear free energy relationship (PP-LFER) solute descriptors. A complete set of the solute descriptors was obtained for 47 PFAS, demonstrating the characteristic intermolecular interaction properties, such as hydrogen bonding capabilities influenced by the electron-withdrawing perfluoroalkyl group. The partition coefficients between octanol and water, air and water, and octanol and air predicted by the PP-LFER models agreed with those predicted by the quantum chemically based model COSMOtherm, suggesting that both models are highly accurate for neutral PFAS and can fill the current large data gaps in partition property data. A chemical partitioning space plot was generated by using the PP-LFER-predicted partition coefficients, showing the primary importance of the air phase for the environmental distribution of nonpolar and weakly polar PFAS and the increasing significance of organic phases with increasing PFAS polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Health and Environmental
Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yi P, Yan Y, Kong Y, Chen Q, Wu M, Liang N, Zhang L, Pan B. The opposite influences of Cu and Cd cation bridges on sulfamethoxazole sorption on humic acids in wetting-drying cycles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165547. [PMID: 37454847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Wetting-drying cycles in the environment could change the inner- or outer-sphere complexation of heavy metal cations on natural organic matter (NOM) and then influence ternary interactions with organic contaminants - a rarely-discussed essential geochemical process. In this work, the sorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on humic acids (HAs) mediated by cations (Cu2+ and Cd2+) was investigated. Considering that outer-sphere complexation could be transformed into inner-sphere complexation during vacuum freeze-drying, the role of inner- or outer-sphere complexation on SMX sorption was explored. The experimental sorption results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that Cu2+ and Cd2+ sorption on HAs was mainly outer- and inner-sphere complexation, respectively. Cd2+ consistently promoted SMX sorption on HAs, while Cu2+ promoted and inhibited SMX sorption before and after freeze-drying. The structure of HA-Cu complexes with inner-sphere complexation was more compact than those with outer-sphere complexation, which reduced the accessibility of sorption sites for SMX on HA-Cu and inhibited SMX sorption. However, the greater number of coordination sites of Cd2+ may provide more sorption sites and the structure of HA-Cd was looser. These findings provide a groundbreaking understanding of the sorption of organics on natural adsorbents in the presence of cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yani Yan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ni Liang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lasters R, Van Sundert K, Groffen T, Buytaert J, Eens M, Bervoets L. Prediction of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in homegrown eggs: Insights into abiotic and biotic factors affecting bioavailability and derivation of potential remediation measures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108300. [PMID: 37926061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Homegrown eggs from free-ranging laying hens often contain elevated concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). However, it is unclear which factors contribute to these relatively large exposure risk scenarios. Moreover, existing bioavailability and modeling concepts of conventional organic pollutants cannot be generalized to PFAAs due to their different physicochemical soil interactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for empirical models, based on real-world data, to provide insights into how (a)biotic factors affect the bioavailability to eggs. To this end, 17 targeted analytes were analyzed in abiotic (i.e. rainwater, soil; both N = 101) matrices and homegrown eggs (N = 101), which were sampled in 101 private gardens across Flanders (Belgium) in 2019, 2021 and 2022. Various soil characteristics were measured to evaluate their role in affecting PFAA bioavailability to the eggs. Finally, PFAAs were measured in potential feed sources (i.e. homegrown vegetable and earthworm pools; respectively N = 49 and N = 34) of the laying hens to evaluate their contribution to the egg burden. Modeling suggested that soil was a major exposure source to laying hens, accounting for 16-55% of the total variation in egg concentrations for dominant PFAAs. Moreover, concentrations in vegetables and earthworms for PFBA and PFOS, respectively, were significantly positively related with corresponding egg concentrations. Predictive models based on soil concentrations, total organic carbon (TOC), pH, clay content and exchangeable cations were successfully developed for major PFAAs, providing possibilities for time- and cost-effective risk assessment of PFAAs in homegrown eggs. Among other soil characteristics, TOC and clay content were related with lower and higher egg concentrations for most PFAAs, respectively. This suggests that bioavailability of PFAAs to the eggs is driven by complex physicochemical interactions of PFAAs with TOC and clay. Finally, remediation measures were formulated that are readily applicable to lower PFAA exposure via homegrown eggs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lasters
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Van Sundert
- Research group of Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Climate and Ecology Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Biobased Sustainability Solutions research group, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Jodie Buytaert
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Z, Sangion A, Wang S, Gouin T, Brown T, Arnot JA, Li L. Hazard vs. exposure: Does it make a difference in identifying chemicals with persistence and mobility concerns? WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120610. [PMID: 37717328 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and mobile (PM) chemicals are considered emerging threats to the environment and drinking water because they can be transported over long distances, penetrate natural and artificial barriers, and resist removal by traditional water treatment procedures. Current chemical regulatory frameworks raise concerns over PM chemicals due to their potential to cause high human exposure through drinking water contamination. However, the criteria used to screen and identify these chemicals often rely on hazard properties related to stability and sorption, such as biodegradation half-lives and organic-carbon-normalized sorption coefficients as respective measures of P and M. Here, we conduct a model-based assessment to examine the consistency between hazard-based and exposure-based approaches in assessing PM chemicals, by evaluating whether chemicals identified as highly P and M are consistently associated with high drinking water exposure potential (DWEP). We discover that chemicals with the top DWEPs tend to be PM chemicals, but the reverse is not always true, because DWEPs are also impacted by volatilization for air-distributed chemicals and advective particle-bound transport for particle-bound chemicals. Our findings suggest that the hazard metrics are better suited for de-prioritizing, as opposed to prioritizing, chemicals that are unlikely to result in significant human exposure through drinking water, as unfavorable values of hazard metrics are a necessary but not sufficient condition for a high DWEP. We also find that distinct mechanisms determine the DWEP in different sources of drinking water: Sorption and stability are more influential on the DWEP of chemicals in groundwater and surface water, respectively, whereas both sorption and stability equally impact water undergoing riverbank filtration. Future studies should focus on optimizing the identification of persistent and mobile chemicals to ensure that exposure potential is taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664, N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-274, United States
| | | | - Shenghong Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664, N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-274, United States
| | - Todd Gouin
- TG Environmental Research, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1PL, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Brown
- ARC Arnot Research & Consulting, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research & Consulting, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664, N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-274, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang S, Chen J, Wang Z, Chen C, Chen A, Jing Q, Liu J. Dynamic Source Distribution and Emission Inventory of a Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) Substance, Melamine, in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14694-14706. [PMID: 37734035 PMCID: PMC11017250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances are affecting the safety of drinking water and are threatening the environment and human health. Many PMT substances are used in industrial processing or consumer products, but their sources and emissions mostly remain unclear. This study presents a long-term source distribution and emission estimation of melamine, a high-production-volume PMT substance of emerging global concern. The results indicate that in China, approximately 1858.7 kilotonnes (kt) of melamine were released into the water (∼58.9%), air (∼27.0%), and soil systems (∼14.1%) between 1995 and 2020, mainly from its production and use in the decorative panels, textiles, and paper industries. The textile and paper industries have the highest emission-to-consumption ratios, with more than 90% emissions per unit consumption. Sewage treatment plants are the largest source of melamine in the environment for the time being, but in-use products and their wastes will serve as significant melamine sources in the future. The study prompts priority action to control the risk of PMT substances internationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxuan Zhang
- State
Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiazhe Chen
- State
Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Technology and Society Laboratory, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Chengkang Chen
- State
Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anna Chen
- State
Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiaonan Jing
- State
Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- State
Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun Z, Zhang L, Dong D, Zhang W, Guo Z. Coupled multimedia fate and bioaccumulation models for predicting fate of florfenicol and fluoroquinolones in water and fish organs in the seasonal ice-sealed reservoir. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132063. [PMID: 37463559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Ice formation in reservoirs could promote the accumulation of antibiotics in fish, potentially leading to elevated concentrations in fish muscles, kidneys, and livers. However, for the seasonal ice-sealed reservoirs, antibiotic sampling and detecting conditions in water and fish are normally limited by the ice cover. Additionally, previous studies on the prediction of antibiotics accumulated in seasonal ice-sealed reservoir fish are scarce. This study presents a coupled model incorporating a multimedia fate model and a bioaccumulation model to predict antibiotic fate in water and the muscles, kidneys, and livers of fish in seasonal ice-sealed reservoirs. Prediction concentrations of florfenicol were higher than those of ofloxacin and norfloxacin in both water and fish from the seasonal ice-sealed reservoir. Log bioaccumulation factors of antibiotics in Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis in January 2021 were higher than those in October 2020 by 21.5% and 12.6%, respectively. Antibiotics mean transfer fluxes from water to fish muscles, kidneys, and livers increased owing to the reservoir ice-cover formation date advancing by 13.0%, 77.1%, and 61.0%, respectively. This work provides a modeling tool for investigating the fate and mass transfer flux of antibiotics in biological and environmental phases in seasonal ice-sealed reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zujian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buyel JF. Product safety aspects of plant molecular farming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1238917. [PMID: 37614627 PMCID: PMC10442644 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1238917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant molecular farming (PMF) has been promoted since the 1990s as a rapid, cost-effective and (most of all) safe alternative to the cultivation of bacteria or animal cells for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins. Numerous plant species have been investigated for the production of a broad range of protein-based drug candidates. The inherent safety of these products is frequently highlighted as an advantage of PMF because plant viruses do not replicate in humans and vice versa. However, a more nuanced analysis of this principle is required when considering other pathogens because toxic compounds pose a risk even in the absence of replication. Similarly, it is necessary to assess the risks associated with the host system (e.g., the presence of toxic secondary metabolites) and the production approach (e.g., transient expression based on bacterial infiltration substantially increases the endotoxin load). This review considers the most relevant host systems in terms of their toxicity profile, including the presence of secondary metabolites, and the risks arising from the persistence of these substances after downstream processing and product purification. Similarly, we discuss a range of plant pathogens and disease vectors that can influence product safety, for example, due to the release of toxins. The ability of downstream unit operations to remove contaminants and process-related toxic impurities such as endotoxins is also addressed. This overview of plant-based production, focusing on product safety aspects, provides recommendations that will allow stakeholders to choose the most appropriate strategies for process development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Buyel
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ateia M, Sigmund G, Bentel MJ, Washington JW, Lai A, Merrill NH, Wang Z. Integrated data-driven cross-disciplinary framework to prevent chemical water pollution. ONE EARTH (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 6:10.1016/j.oneear.2023.07.001. [PMID: 38264630 PMCID: PMC10802893 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Access to a clean and healthy environment is a human right and a prerequisite for maintaining a sustainable ecosystem. Experts across domains along the chemical life cycle have traditionally operated in isolation, leading to limited connectivity between upstream chemical innovation to downstream development of water-treatment technologies. This fragmented and historically reactive approach to managing emerging contaminants has resulted in significant externalized societal costs. Herein, we propose an integrated data-driven framework to foster proactive action across domains to effectively address chemical water pollution. By implementing this integrated framework, it will not only enhance the capabilities of experts in their respective fields but also create opportunities for novel approaches that yield co-benefits across multiple domains. To successfully operationalize the integrated framework, several concerted efforts are warranted, including adopting open and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data practices, developing common knowledge bases/platforms, and staying vigilant against new substance "properties" of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ateia
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Bentel
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - John W. Washington
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Adelene Lai
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel H. Merrill
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa Swiss – Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malnes D, Waara S, Figuière R, Ahrens L, Wiberg K, Köhler SJ, Golovko O. Hazard screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and their associated rivers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131376. [PMID: 37094447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances have recently garnered increased attention by environmental researchers, the water sector and environmental protection agencies. In this study, acute and chronic species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were retrieved from literature data for previously quantified contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Swedish surface waters (n = 92) and risk quotients (RQ) were calculated. To better understand the characteristics of the detected CECs in non-urban lake sites (n = 71), these compounds were checked against established criteria for potentially toxic PMs (PM(T)s) and occurrence in the aquatic environment, respectively. For the CECs with missing SSDs (n = 15 [acute], n = 41 [chronic]), ecotoxicity data were extracted for eight taxonomic groups, and if data were sufficient (n ≥ 3), SSDs were derived. The retrieved and newly developed SSDs were then used in an environmental hazard assessment (EHA) in the investigated Swedish rivers and lakes. In the rivers, 8 CECs had RQ> 1 in at least one location, and 20 CECs posed a moderate risk (0.01 < RQ < 1). In total, 21 of the 71 detected substances had already been identified as PM(T)/vPvM substances. Our study shows the importance of studying field data at large spatial scale to reveal potential environmental hazards far from source areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sylvia Waara
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Biosciences, Halmstad University, SE-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Romain Figuière
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University (ACES), SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan J Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Löffler P, Escher BI, Baduel C, Virta MP, Lai FY. Antimicrobial Transformation Products in the Aquatic Environment: Global Occurrence, Ecotoxicological Risks, and Potential of Antibiotic Resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37335844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is concerning for the health of humans, animals, and the environment in a One Health perspective. Assessments of AMR and associated environmental hazards mostly focus on antimicrobial parent compounds, while largely overlooking their transformation products (TPs). This review lists antimicrobial TPs identified in surface water environments and examines their potential for AMR promotion, ecological risk, as well as human health and environmental hazards using in silico models. Our review also summarizes the key transformation compartments of TPs, related pathways for TPs reaching surface waters and methodologies for studying the fate of TPs. The 56 antimicrobial TPs covered by the review were prioritized via scoring and ranking of various risk and hazard parameters. Most data on occurrences to date have been reported in Europe, while little is known about antibiotic TPs in Africa, Central and South America, Asia, and Oceania. Occurrence data on antiviral TPs and other antibacterial TPs are even scarcer. We propose evaluation of structural similarity between parent compounds and TPs for TP risk assessment. We predicted a risk of AMR for 13 TPs, especially TPs of tetracyclines and macrolides. We estimated the ecotoxicological effect concentrations of TPs from the experimental effect data of the parent chemical for bacteria, algae and water fleas, scaled by potency differences predicted by quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for baseline toxicity and a scaling factor for structural similarity. Inclusion of TPs in mixtures with their parent increased the ecological risk quotient over the threshold of one for 7 of the 24 antimicrobials included in this analysis, while only one parent had a risk quotient above one. Thirteen TPs, from which 6 were macrolide TPs, posed a risk to at least one of the three tested species. There were 12/21 TPs identified that are likely to exhibit a similar or higher level of mutagenicity/carcinogenicity, respectively, than their parent compound, with tetracycline TPs often showing increased mutagenicity. Most TPs with increased carcinogenicity belonged to sulfonamides. Most of the TPs were predicted to be mobile but not bioaccumulative, and 14 were predicted to be persistent. The six highest-priority TPs originated from the tetracycline antibiotic family and antivirals. This review, and in particular our ranking of antimicrobial TPs of concern, can support authorities in planning related intervention strategies and source mitigation of antimicrobials toward a sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Löffler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38 050 Grenoble, France
| | - Marko P Virta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Multidisciplinary Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bartels Y, Jekel M, Putschew A. Can reductive deiodination improve the sorption of iodinated X-ray contrast media to aquifer material during bank filtration? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138438. [PMID: 36940829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) as well as their aerobic transformation products (TPs), are highly polar triiodobenzoic acid derivatives, ubiquitously found in the urban water cycle. Based on their polarity, their sorption affinity to sediment and soil is negligible. However, we hypothesize that the iodine atoms bound to the benzene ring play a decisive role for sorption, due to their large atom radius, high electron number and symmetrical positioning within the aromatic system. The aim of this study is to investigate, if the (partial) deiodination, occurring during anoxic/anaerobic bank filtration, improves the sorption to aquifer material. Tri, di, mono and deiodinated structures of two ICMs (iopromide and diatrizoate) and one precursor/TP of ICM (5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophtalic acid) were tested in batch experiments, using two aquifer sands and a loam soil with and without organic matter. The di, mono and deiodinated structures were produced by (partial) deiodination of the triiodinated initial compounds. The results demonstrated that the (partial) deiodination increases the sorption to all tested sorbents, even though the theoretical polarity increases with decreasing number of iodine atoms. Whereas lignite particles positively affected the sorption, mineral components decreased it. Kinetics tests show biphasic sorption for the deiodinated derivatives. We have concluded that iodine affects the sorption by sterical hindrance, repulsive forces, resonance and inductive effects, depending on the number and position of iodine, side chain characteristics and composition of the sorbent material. Our study has revealed an increased sorption potential of ICMs and their iodinated TPs to aquifer material during anoxic/anaerobic bank filtration as a result of (partial) deiodination, whereby a complete deiodination is not necessary for efficient removal by sorption. Furthermore, it suggests that the combination of an initial aerobic (side chain transformations) and a subsequent anoxic/anaerobic (deiodination) redox milieu supports the sorption potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Bartels
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sigmund G, Ågerstrand M, Antonelli A, Backhaus T, Brodin T, Diamond ML, Erdelen WR, Evers DC, Hofmann T, Hueffer T, Lai A, Torres JPM, Mueller L, Perrigo AL, Rillig MC, Schaeffer A, Scheringer M, Schirmer K, Tlili A, Soehl A, Triebskorn R, Vlahos P, Vom Berg C, Wang Z, Groh KJ. Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3240-3255. [PMID: 36943240 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are planetary-scale emergencies requiring urgent mitigation actions. As these "triple crises" are deeply interlinked, they need to be tackled in an integrative manner. However, while climate change and biodiversity are often studied together, chemical pollution as a global change factor contributing to worldwide biodiversity loss has received much less attention in biodiversity research so far. Here, we review evidence showing that the multifaceted effects of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment are posing a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Therefore, failure to account for pollution effects may significantly undermine the success of biodiversity protection efforts. We argue that progress in understanding and counteracting the negative impact of chemical pollution on biodiversity requires collective efforts of scientists from different disciplines, including but not limited to ecology, ecotoxicology, and environmental chemistry. Importantly, recent developments in these fields have now enabled comprehensive studies that could efficiently address the manifold interactions between chemicals and ecosystems. Based on their experience with intricate studies of biodiversity, ecologists are well equipped to embrace the additional challenge of chemical complexity through interdisciplinary collaborations. This offers a unique opportunity to jointly advance a seminal frontier in pollution ecology and facilitate the development of innovative solutions for environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sigmund
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada
| | | | - David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, Maine, 04103, USA
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Thorsten Hueffer
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Adelene Lai
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Lessing Strasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Joao P M Torres
- Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonie Mueller
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Allison L Perrigo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Lund University Botanical Garden, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaeffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, 400045, Chongqing, China
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna Soehl
- International Panel on Chemical Pollution, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Transfer Center Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstr. 13, D-72108, Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Penny Vlahos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schumann P, Muschket M, Dittmann D, Rabe L, Reemtsma T, Jekel M, Ruhl AS. Is adsorption onto activated carbon a feasible drinking water treatment option for persistent and mobile substances? WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119861. [PMID: 36958222 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and mobile (PM) substances among the organic micropollutants have gained increasing interest since their inherent properties enable them to enrich in water cycles. This study set out to investigate the potential of adsorption onto activated carbon as a drinking water treatment option for 19 PM candidates in batch experiments in a drinking water matrix using a microporous and a mesoporous activated carbon. Overall, adsorption of PM candidates proved to be very variable and the extent of removal could not be directly related to molecular properties. At an activated carbon dose of 10 mg/L and 48 h contact time, five (out of 19) substances were readily removed (≥ 80%), among them N-(3-(dimethylamino)-propyl)methacrylamide, which was investigated for the first time. For five other substances, no or negligible removal (< 20%) was observed, including 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid and 4‑hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine. For the former, current state of the art adsorption processes may pose a sufficient barrier. Additionally, substance specific surrogate correlations between removals and UVA254 abatements were established to provide a cheap and fast estimate for PM candidate elimination. Adsorption onto activated carbon could contribute significantly to PM substance elimination as part of multi barrier approaches, but assessments for individual substances still require clarification, as demonstrated for the investigated PM candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Schumann
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Muschket
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Dittmann
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Rabe
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pawlowski S, Aicher L, Berends A, Curtis-Jackson P, Häner A, Hollender J, Jene B, Jenner K, Redman A, Sanders G, Vallotton N, Wang N, Wheeler JR. Mobility in the context of exposure-based assessment of chemicals for drinking water resource protection. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:775-791. [PMID: 36281826 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to protect European Union (EU) drinking water resources from chemical contamination, criteria for identifying persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) chemicals and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) chemicals under the EU REACH Regulation were proposed by the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt-UBA). Additionally, new hazard classes for PMT and vPvM substances in the revised EU classification, labeling, and packaging (CLP Regulation) are intended. Therefore, a reliable approach in the identification of potential drinking water resource contaminants is needed. The scientific basis of the property-based PMT/vPvM criteria, focusing on mobility, which dictates the migration of chemical drinking water sources, was evaluated, and a critical analysis of the deviation of sorption metrics from simple behavior was carried out. Based on our evaluation, a Koc may be used for nonionic substances on a screening level only, requiring a higher tier assessment. It is considered inappropriate for hydrophilic and ionizable chemicals, particularly for soils with low organic carbon contents. The nonextractable residue formation is complex and not well understood but remains significant in limiting the mobility of chemicals through soils and sediments. In order to inform the EU commission's work on the introduction of new hazard classes for PMT and vPvM substances into the European legislation, the derivation of a tiered approach is proposed, which utilizes the weight of evidence available, with adoption of appropriate higher tier models commensurate with the nature of the substance and the data available. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:775-791. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lothar Aicher
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Aaron Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schumann P, Müller D, Eckardt P, Muschket M, Dittmann D, Rabe L, Kerst K, Lerch A, Reemtsma T, Jekel M, Ruhl AS. Pilot-scale removal of persistent and mobile organic substances in granular activated carbon filters and experimental predictability at lab-scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163738. [PMID: 37116805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Present knowledge about the fate of persistent and mobile (PM) substances in drinking water treatment is limited. Hence, this study assesses the potential of fixed-bed granular activated carbon (GAC) filters to fill the treatment gap for PM substances and the elimination predictability from lab-scale experiments. Two parallel pilot filters (GAC bed height 2 m, diameter 15 cm) with different GAC were operated for 1.5 years (ca. 47,000 BV throughput) alongside rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCT) designed based on the proportional diffusivity (PD) and the constant diffusivity (CD) approaches. Background dissolved organic matter (DOM) and a set of 17 target substances were investigated, among them 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (AAMPS), adamantan-1-amine (ATA), melamine (MEL) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA). Nine substances were predominantly present in the drinking water used as pilot filter influent (frequencies of detection above 80 %, median concentrations 0.003-1.868 μg/L) and their breakthrough behaviors could be observed: TFMSA was not retained at all, four substances including AAMPS and ATA reached complete breakthrough below 20,000 BV, three compounds were partially retained until the end of operation and oxypurinol was retained completely. The comparable PM candidate and DOM removal performances of both GAC aligns with their very similar surface characteristics and elemental compositions. The agreement of results between RSSCT with the pilot-scale filters were substance specific and no superior RSSCT design could be identified. However, CD-RSSCT provide a conservative removal prediction for most studied compounds. MEL adsorption was significantly underestimated by both RSSCT designs. Using the criterion of a carbon usage rate (with respect to 50 % breakthrough) below 25 mgGAC/Lwater for an economic retention by fixed-bed GAC filters, five (out of nine) substances met the requirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Schumann
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dario Müller
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Kommunale Wasserwerke Leipzig, Johannisgasse 7/9, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paulina Eckardt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Muschket
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Dittmann
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Rabe
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Kerst
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - André Lerch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Duan L, Qin Y, Meng X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Chen W. Sulfide- and UV-induced aging differentially affect contaminant-binding properties of microplastics derived from commercial plastic products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161800. [PMID: 36708829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in the environments can undergo various aging processes that alter their physicochemical properties and consequently their affinities for environmental contaminants. Here, we compare the effects of sulfide-induced aging (a common process in anoxic environments) and UV-induced aging on contaminant binding of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics derived from commercial plastic products. The two aging processes differentially affect adsorption of pyrene (a model nonionic, nonpolar organic) and ciprofloxacin (CIP, a zwitterion under the conditions tested) by modulating the hydrophobicity, surface charges and polarity of the microplastics to different extents. The effects of the two treatments on Cd(II) adsorption correlate well with their modulation on ζ potential and surface (O + S)/C ratio of the microplastics. For all three microplastics sulfide treatment results in stronger adsorption of Cr(VI) and its subsequent conversion to Cr(III) than does UV treatment, as the thiol groups formed during sulfide treatment strongly regulate the complexation and reduction of Cr(VI). Notably, both sulfide and UV treatments result in the flattening of the PET microplastics, significantly enhancing the adsorption of all four contaminants, by increasing surface area for adsorption. The findings of this study further underline the importance of understanding environmental aging/weathering processes of microplastics, particularly, those readily occur in anoxic environments but were previously not well studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiyuan Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aumeier BM, Georgi A, Saeidi N, Sigmund G. Is sorption technology fit for the removal of persistent and mobile organic contaminants from water? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163343. [PMID: 37030383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances are a growing threat to water security and safety. Many of these substances are distinctively different from other more traditional contaminants in terms of their charge, polarity, and aromaticity. This results in distinctively different sorption affinities towards traditional sorbents such as activated carbon. Additionally, an increasing awareness on the environmental impact and carbon footprint of sorption technologies puts some of the more energy-intensive practices in water treatment into question. Commonly used approaches may thus need to be readjusted to become fit for purpose to remove some of the more challenging PMT and vPvM substances, including for example short chained per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We here critically review the interactions that drive sorption of organic compounds to activated carbon and related sorbent materials and identify opportunities and limitations of tailoring activated carbon for PMT and vPvM removal. Other less traditional sorbent materials, including ion exchange resins, modified cyclodextrins, zeolites and metal-organic frameworks are then discussed for potential alternative or complementary use in water treatment scenarios. Sorbent regeneration approaches are evaluated in terms of their potential, considering reusability, potential for on-site regeneration, and potential for local production. In this context, we also discuss the benefits of coupling sorption to destructive technologies or to other separation technologies. Finally, we sketch out possible future trends in the evolution of sorption technologies for PMT and vPvM removal from water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M Aumeier
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anett Georgi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Navid Saeidi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wanzek T, Stults JF, Johnson MG, Field JA, Kleber M. Role of Mineral-Organic Interactions in PFAS Retention by AFFF-Impacted Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5231-5242. [PMID: 36947878 PMCID: PMC10764056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive, generalized approach to predict the retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) by a soil matrix as a function of PFAS molecular and soil physiochemical properties was developed. An AFFF with 34 major PFAS (12 anions and 22 zwitterions) was added to uncontaminated soil in one-dimensional saturated column experiments and PFAS mass retained was measured. PFAS mass retention was described using an exhaustive statistical approach to generate a poly-parameter quantitative structure-property relationship (ppQSPR). The relevant predictive properties were PFAS molar mass, mass fluorine, number of nitrogens in the PFAS molecule, poorly crystalline Fe oxides, organic carbon, and specific (BET-N2) surface area. The retention of anionic PFAS was nearly independent of soil properties and largely a function of molecular hydrophobicity, with the size of the fluorinated side chain as the main predictor. Retention of nitrogen-containing zwitterionic PFAS was related to poorly crystalline metal oxides and organic carbon content. Knowledge of the extent to which a suite of PFAS may respond to variations in soil matrix properties, as developed here, paves the way for the development of reactive transport algorithms with the ability to capture PFAS dynamics in source zones over extended time frames.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wanzek
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - John F. Stults
- Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, United States
| | - Mark G. Johnson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Field
- Department Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Markus Kleber
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krahn KM, Cornelissen G, Castro G, Arp HPH, Asimakopoulos AG, Wolf R, Holmstad R, Zimmerman AR, Sørmo E. Sewage sludge biochars as effective PFAS-sorbents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130449. [PMID: 36459882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of sewage sludge to produce biochar-based sorbents for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal from water and soil may be an economically and environmentally sustainable waste management option. This study compared the sorption of six perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) by two sewage sludge biochars (SSBCs) and one wood chip biochar (WCBC), dry pyrolyzed at 700 °C. Batch sorption tests were conducted by adding individual PFCAs and a PFCA-mixture to pure biochars and mixtures of biochar and a sandy soil (1.3% TOC). PFAS-sorption to the SSBCs exhibited log-linear biochar-water distribution coefficients (log Kd), comparable to those previously reported for commercial activated carbons (e.g., 5.73 ± 0.02 for perfluorooctanoic acid at 1 µg/L). The strong sorption of PFCAs was attributed to the SSBCs relatively high pore volumes in the pore size range that can accommodate these compounds. Sorption was attenuated by the presence of soil (by factors 3-10), by the presence of a mixture of PFCAs (by factors of 6-532) and by both together (by factors of 8-6581), indicating strongly competitive sorption between PFCA-congeners, and less severe sorption attenuation by soil organic matter. These findings could enable sustainable value chains for SSBs in soil remediation and water filtration solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katinka M Krahn
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway; Lindum AS, 3036 Drammen, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Gabriela Castro
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Raoul Wolf
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Erlend Sørmo
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prediction of the n-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients of Basic Compounds Using Multi-Parameter QSRR Models Based on IS-RPLC Retention Behavior in a Wide pH Range. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052270. [PMID: 36903512 PMCID: PMC10005301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The n-octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) is an important physicochemical parameter which describes the behavior of organic compounds. In this work, the apparent n-octanol/water partition coefficients (logD) of basic compounds were determined using ion-suppression reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IS-RPLC) on a silica-based C18 column. The quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models between logD and logkw (logarithm of retention factor corresponding to 100% aqueous fraction of mobile phase) were established at pH 7.0-10.0. It was found that logD had a poor linear correlation with logkw at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 when strongly ionized compounds were included in the model compounds. However, the linearity of the QSRR model was significantly improved, especially at pH 7.0, when molecular structure parameters such as electrostatic charge ne and hydrogen bonding parameters A and B were introduced. External validation experiments further confirmed that the multi-parameter models could accurately predict the logD value of basic compounds not only under strong alkaline conditions, but also under weak alkaline and even neutral conditions. The logD values of basic sample compounds were predicted based on the multi-parameter QSRR models. Compared with previous work, the findings of this study extended the pH range for the determination of the logD values of basic compounds, providing an optional mild pH for IS-RPLC experiments.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen X, Gao X, Yu P, Spanu L, Hinojosa J, Zhang S, Long M, Alvarez PJJ, Masiello CA. Rapid Simulation of Decade-Scale Charcoal Aging in Soil: Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Their Environmental Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:128-138. [PMID: 36525597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ aging can change biochar properties, influencing their ecosystem benefits or risks over time. However, there is a lack of field verification of laboratory methods that attempt simulation of long-term natural aging of biochar. We exploited a decade-scale natural charcoal (a proxy for biochar) aging event to determine which lab-aging methods best mimicked field aging. We oxidized charcoal by ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), H2O2, or monochloramine (NH2Cl), and compared it to 10-year field-aged charcoal. We considered seven selected charcoal properties related to surface chemistry and organic matter release, and found that oxidation with 30% H2O2 most representatively simulated 10-year field aging for six out of seven properties. UVA aging failed to approximate oxidation levels while showing a distinctive dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release pattern. NH2Cl-aged charcoal was the most different, showing an increased persistent free radical (PFR) concentration and lower hydrophilicity. All lab oxidation techniques overpredicted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release. The O/C ratio was well-correlated with DOC release, PFR concentration, surface charge, and charcoal pH, indicating the possibility to accurately predict biochar aging with a reduced suite of physicochemical properties. Overall, our rapid and verified lab-aging methods facilitate research toward derisking and enhancing long-term benefits of biochar application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Leonardo Spanu
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Jessica Hinojosa
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Caroline A Masiello
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chiaia-Hernández AC, Casado-Martinez C, Lara-Martin P, Bucheli TD. Sediments: sink, archive, and source of contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85761-85765. [PMID: 36352072 PMCID: PMC9646277 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurea C Chiaia-Hernández
- Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Pablo Lara-Martin
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Arp HPH, Hale SE. Assessing the Persistence and Mobility of Organic Substances to Protect Freshwater Resources. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:482-509. [PMID: 36411866 PMCID: PMC9673533 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and mobile organic substances are those with the highest propensity to be widely distributed in groundwater and thereby, when emitted at low-levels, to contaminate drinking water extraction points and freshwater environments. To prevent such contamination, the European Commission is in the process of introducing new hazard classes for persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances within its key chemical regulations CLP and REACH. The assessment of persistence in these regulations will likely be based on simulated half-life, t 1/2, thresholds; the assessment of mobility will likely be based on organic carbon-water distribution coefficient, K OC, thresholds. This study reviews the use of t 1/2 and K OC to describe persistence and mobility, considering the theory, history, suitability, data limitations, estimation methods, and alternative parameters. For this purpose, t 1/2, K OC, and alternative parameters were compiled for substances registered under REACH, known transformation products, and substances detected in wastewater treatment plant effluent, surface water, bank filtrate, groundwater, raw water, and drinking water. Experimental t 1/2 values were rare and only available for 2.2% of the 14 203 unique chemicals identified. K OC data were only available for a fifth of the substances. Therefore, the usage of alternative screening parameters was investigated to predict t 1/2 and K OC values, to assist weight-of-evidence based PMT/vPvM hazard assessments. Even when considering screening parameters, for 41% of substances, PMT/vPvM assessments could not be made due to data gaps; for 23% of substances, PMT/vPvM assessments were ambiguous. Further effort is needed to close these substantial data gaps. However, when data is available, the use of t 1/2 and K OC is considered fit-for-purpose for defining PMT/vPvM thresholds. Using currently discussed threshold values, between 1.9 and 2.6% of REACH registered substances were identified as PMT/vPvM. Among the REACH registered substances detected in drinking water sources, 24-30% were PMT/vPvM substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter H. Arp
- Norwegian
Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box
3930, Ullevål Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- . Tel: +47 950 20 667
| | - Sarah E. Hale
- Norwegian
Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box
3930, Ullevål Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fries E, Grewal T, Sühring R. Persistent, mobile, and toxic plastic additives in Canada: properties and prioritization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1945-1956. [PMID: 36178267 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The hazards of many plastic additives on human and environmental health are well documented. However, little emphasis has been put on plastic additives that are persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) rather than persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Due to their high mobility and stability, it is unlikely that wastewater treatment plants will effectively remove PMT plastic additives. Herein, an in silico analysis was performed to (1) assess the retention of PMT plastic additives registered for use in Canada in wastewater treatment plants; and (2) determine whether their physical-chemical properties and structural features can be used as identifiers for PMT plastic additives with particularly low retention. We identified 124 PMT plastic additives of which 52% had less than 20% removal from wastewater treatment based on predictions using the model SimpleTreat. Log Kaw, log Kow/Dow, and log Koc/Doc ranges were defined that are indicative of low retention PMT plastic additives. Furthermore, it was found that non-halogenated PMT plastic additives that contain nitrogen are most likely to be poorly retained in wastewater treatment plants. The results of this study provide screening and prioritization criteria, as well as a suspect list for PMT plastic additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fries
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Tanjot Grewal
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Roxana Sühring
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Simple extraction methods for pesticide compound-specific isotope analysis from environmental samples. MethodsX 2022; 9:101880. [PMID: 36311268 PMCID: PMC9597100 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extractions from soil, plants, and water were tested for pesticide C and N CSIA. Pesticide recoveries strongly varied among compounds and matrices properties. Tested extraction methods caused no effect on δ13C and δ15N of pesticides. C and N pesticide CSIA can be applied in situ to agricultural water samples. Pesticide CSIA for soil and sediment samples are limited to source areas.
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a powerful approach to evaluate the transformation of organic pollutants in the environment. However, the application of CSIA to micropollutants, such as pesticides, remains limited because appropriate extraction methods are currently lacking. Such methods should address a wide range of pesticides and environmental matrices, while recovering sufficient mass for reliable CSIA without inducing stable isotope fractionation. Here, we present simple extraction methods for carbon and nitrogen CSIA for different environmental matrices and six commonly used herbicides, i.e., atrazine, terbutryn, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, and S-metolachlor, and three fungicides, i.e., dimethomorph, tebuconazole, and metalaxyl. We examined the potential of several extraction methods for four types of soils or sediments, three types of environmental waters and aerial and root plant samples for multielement (ME)-CSIA.Pesticide extraction recoveries varied depending on the physical characteristics of the pesticides and matrix properties for environmental water (77 to 87%), soil and sediment (35 to 82%), and plant (40 to 59%) extraction. The tested extraction methods did not significantly affect the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures of pesticides (Δ(13C) <0.9‰ for Δ(15N) <1.0‰).
Collapse
|
34
|
Disdier Z, Savoye S, Dagnelie RVH. Effect of solutes structure and pH on the n-octanol/water partition coefficient of ionizable organic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135155. [PMID: 35660394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid partition coefficient is a useful tool to predict biological and environmental fate of organic compounds, for example bioaccumulation or toxicity of lipophilic contaminants. Conversely, the partitioning of ionizable compounds is poorly studied in contrast to that of neutral compounds. Yet, such topic deserves attention, since numerous organic contaminants are ionizable as well as their degradation products. Hence, the contribution of charged species has to be considered in order to model accurately the mass balance or partition of ionizable compounds. In this context, we investigated the liquid-liquid partition of 13 ionizable compounds (oxalic acid, histidine, benzimidazole, etc.), covering various classes of compounds (carboxylic acids, amino-acids, etc.). The n-octanol/water partition coefficient was measured from pH 1 up to 13, in order to fully gather the distribution of both neutral and charged species. Empirical models describing these results are reviewed and partition parameters adjusted for charged species. The study of benzoic acid derivatives (benzoic, salicylic, ortho- and iso-phthalic acids) provides insights on the influence of chemical groups on the partitioning. In the case of tryptophan, the use of acid/base microconstants allowed to estimate the partition of both the zwitterion and its neutral tautomer. Despite a major zwitterionic form (log PZ(tryptophan) = -1.58 ± 0.30), the minor but neutral tautomer (log PN(tryptophan) = +0.03 ± 0.30) drives the partition equilibrium. Overall, the provided data may be useful to assess the retention of contaminants, its dependency on pH and salinity variations, and thus understanding their environmental fate. Such data may also be useful as well for molecular simulation involving solvation of organic ions in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Disdier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucléides, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Savoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucléides, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Romain V H Dagnelie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucléides, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li X, Zhang J, Jin Y, Liu Y, Li N, Wang Y, Du C, Xue Z, Zhang N, Chen Q. Effect of pH-Dependent Homo/Heteronuclear CAHB on Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Ionizable Organic Compounds on Carbonaceous Materials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12118. [PMID: 36231423 PMCID: PMC9566536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the adsorption/desorption behaviors of benzoic acid (BA) and phthalic acid (PA) on three functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at various pH were investigated, and the charge-assisted H-bond (CAHB) was verified by DFT and FTIR analyses to play a key role. The results indicated that the adsorption order of BA and PA on CNTs was different from Kow of that at pH 2.0, 4.0, and 7.0 caused by the CAHB interaction. The strength of homonuclear CAHB (≥78.96 kJ·mol-1) formed by BA/PA on oxidized CNTs is stronger than that of heteronuclear CAHB formed between BA/PA and amino-functionalized CNTs (≤51.66 kJ·mol-1). Compared with the heteronuclear CAHB (Hysteresis index, HI ≥ 1.47), the stronger homonuclear CAHB leads to clearly desorption hysteresis (HI ≥ 3.51). Additionally, the contribution of homonuclear CAHB (≥52.70%) was also greater than that of heteronuclear CAHB (≤45.79%) at pH 7.0. These conclusions were further confirmed by FTIR and DFT calculation, and the crucial evidence of CAHB formation in FTIR was found. The highlight of this work is the identification of the importance and difference of pH-dependent homonuclear/heteronuclear CAHB on the adsorption and desorption behaviors of ionizable organic compounds on carbonaceous materials, which can provide a deeper understanding for the removal of ionizable organic compounds by designed carbonaceous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yaofeng Jin
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Cong Du
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zhijing Xue
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Environmental Protection Department of Mahe Town, Yuyang District, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Northwest Land and Resource Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mellage A, Dörrich M, Haderlein SB. Capturing In Situ Glyphosate (De)sorption Kinetics in Floodplain Aquifer Sediment Columns: Geophysical Measurements and Reactive Transport Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12955-12964. [PMID: 36049056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, an ionizable organic herbicide, is frequently detected in soils and groundwater globally despite its strong retention via sorption. Understanding its apparent mobility hinges on our ability to quantify its system-specific sorption behavior, hindered by its affinity to adsorb onto sediments, yielding very low aqueous concentrations. Here, we present findings from a saturated flow-through column experiment in which we monitored glyphosate sorption onto a natural calcareous aquifer sediment, using the noninvasive geophysical method spectral induced polarization (SIP). Our kinetic sorption reactive transport model predicted the strong nonlinear reversible retention of glyphosate and reproduced the spatial profile of retained glyphosate in the sediment, with a measured maximum of 0.06 mg g-1. The strong contribution of sorption to pore fluid conduction masked the expected variations in imaginary conductivity, σ″. However, time constants derived from a Cole-Cole model matched the timing and spatial distribution of model-predicted sorbed concentration changes, increasing from 0.8 × 10-3 to 1.7 × 10-3 s with an increase in sorbed glyphosate of 0.1 mg g-1. Thus, glyphosate sorption modified the surface charging properties of the sediment proportional to the solid-bound concentrations. Our findings link SIP signal variations to sorption dynamics and provide a framework for improved monitoring of charged organic contaminants in natural sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mellage
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Manuel Dörrich
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gollong G, Neuwald IJ, Kuckelkorn J, Junek R, Zahn D. Assessing the protection gap for mobile and persistent chemicals during advanced water treatment - A study in a drinking water production and wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118847. [PMID: 35841789 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and mobile (PM) chemicals spread quickly in the water cycle and can reach drinking water. If these chemicals are also toxic (PMT) they may pose a threat to the aquatic environment and drinking water alike, and thus measures to prevent their spread are necessary. In this study, nontarget screening and cell-based toxicity tests after a polarity-based fractionation into polar and non-polar chemicals are utilized to assess and compare the effectiveness of ozonation and filtration through activated carbon in a wastewater treatment and drinking water production plant. Especially during wastewater treatment, differences in removal efficiency were evident. While median areas of non-polar features were reduced by a factor of 270, median areas for polar chemicals were only reduced by a factor of 4. Polar features showed significantly higher areas than their non-polar counterparts in wastewater treatment plant effluent and finished drinking water, implying a protection gap for these chemicals. Toxicity tests revealed higher initial toxicities (especially oxidative stress and estrogenic activity) for the non-polar fraction, but also showed a more pronounced decrease during treatment. Generally, the toxicity of the effluent was low for both fractions. Combined, these results imply a less effective removal but also a lower toxicity of polar chemicals. The behaviour of features during advanced waste and drinking water treatment was used to classify them as either PM chemicals or mobile transformation products (M-TPs). A suspect screening of the 476 highest intensity PM chemicals and M-TPs in 57 environmental and tap water samples showed high frequencies of detection (median >80%), which indicates the wide distribution of these chemicals in the aquatic environment and thus supports the chosen classification approach and the more generally applicability of obtained insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grete Gollong
- Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str. 2, Idstein, 65510, Germany
| | - Isabelle J Neuwald
- Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str. 2, Idstein, 65510, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuckelkorn
- Umweltbundesamt, Section Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Heinrich-Heine-Strasse 12, Bad Elster, 08645, Germany
| | - Ralf Junek
- Umweltbundesamt, Section Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Heinrich-Heine-Strasse 12, Bad Elster, 08645, Germany
| | - Daniel Zahn
- Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str. 2, Idstein, 65510, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abrahamsson D, Siddharth A, Young TM, Sirota M, Park JS, Martin J, Woodruff T. In Silico Structure Predictions for Non-targeted Analysis: From Physicochemical Properties to Molecular Structures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1134-1147. [PMID: 35649165 PMCID: PMC9365522 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While important advances have been made in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and its applications in non-targeted analysis (NTA), the number of identified compounds in biological and environmental samples often does not exceed 5% of the detected chemical features. Our aim was to develop a computational pipeline that leverages data from HRMS but also incorporates physicochemical properties (equilibrium partition ratios between organic solvents and water; Ksolvent-water) and can propose molecular structures for detected chemical features. As these physicochemical properties are often sufficiently different across isomers, when put together, they can form a unique profile for each isomer, which we describe as the "physicochemical fingerprint". In our study, we used a comprehensive database of compounds that have been previously reported in human blood and collected their Ksolvent-water values for 129 partitioning systems. We used RDKit to calculate the number of RDKit fragments and the number of RDKit bits per molecule. We then developed and trained an artificial neural network, which used as an input the physicochemical fingerprint of a chemical feature and predicted the number and types of RDKit fragments and RDKit bits present in that structure. These were then used to search the database and propose chemical structures. The average success rate of predicting the right chemical structure ranged from 60 to 86% for the training set and from 48 to 81% for the testing set. These observations suggest that physicochemical fingerprints can assist in the identification of compounds with NTA and substantially improve the number of identified compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Abrahamsson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, California, United States
| | - Adi Siddharth
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, California, United States
| | - Thomas M. Young
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616, California, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, California, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, California, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, California, United States
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Berkeley, 94710, California, United States
| | - Jonathan Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, Stockholm, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tracey Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Surface Water and Wastewater Effluents, Assisted by the Persistency-Mobility-Toxicity Criteria. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123915. [PMID: 35745037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are compounds of diverse origins that have not been deeply studied in the past which are now accruing growing environmental interest. The NOR-Water project aimed to identify the main CECs and their sources in the water environment of Northern Portugal-Galicia (located in northwest Spain) transnational region. To achieve these goals, a suspect screening analytical methodology based on the use of liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was applied to 29 sampling sites in two campaigns. These sampling sites included river and sea water, as well as treated wastewater. The screening was driven by a library of over 3500 compounds, which included 604 compounds prioritized from different relevant lists on the basis of the persistency, mobility, and toxicity criteria. Thus, a total of 343 chemicals could be tentatively identified in the analyzed samples. This list of 343 identified chemicals was submitted to the classification workflow used for prioritization and resulted in 153 chemicals tentatively classified as persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) and 23 as very persistent and very mobile (vMvP), pinpointing the relevance of these types of chemicals in the aqueous environment. Pharmaceuticals, such as the antidepressant venlafaxine or the antipsychotic sulpiride, and industrial chemicals, especially high production volume chemicals (HPVC) such as ε-caprolactam, were the groups of compounds that were detected at the highest frequencies.
Collapse
|