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Chen W, Yu S, Zhang H, Wei R, Ni J, Farooq U, Qi Z. Biochar-derived organic carbon promoting the dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and its molecular size effects: Synergies of dipole-dipole and conjugate bases. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121812. [PMID: 38810344 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The environmental effects of biochar-derived organic carbon (BDOC) have attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, it is unknown how BDOC might affect the natural attenuation of widely distributed chloroalkanes (e.g., 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA)) in aqueous environments. We firstly observed that the kinetic constants (ke) of TeCA dehydrochlorination in the presence of BDOC samples or their different molecular size fractions (<1 kDa, 1∼10 kDa, and >10 kDa) ranged from 9.16×103 to 26.63×103 M-1h-1, which was significantly greater than the ke (3.53×103 M-1h-1) of TeCA dehydrochlorination in the aqueous solution at pH 8.0, indicating that BDOC samples and their different molecular size fractions all could promote TeCA dehydrochlorination. For a given BDOC sample, the kinetic constants (ke) of TeCA dehydrochlorination in the initial pH 9.0 solution was 2∼3 times greater than that in the initial pH 8.0 solution due to more formation of conjugate bases. Interestingly, their DOC concentration normalized kinetic constants (ke/[DOC]) were negatively correlated with SUVA254, and positively correlated with A220/A254 and the abundance of aromatic protein-like/polyphenol-like matters. A novel mechanism was proposed that the CH dipole of BDOC aliphatic structure first bound with the CCl dipole of TeCA to capture the TeCA molecule, then the conjugate bases (-NH-/-NH2 and deprotonated phenol-OH of BDOC) could attack the H atom attached to the β-C atom of bound TeCA, causing a CCl bond breaking and the trichloroethylene formation. Furthermore, a fraction of >1 kDa had significantly greater ke/[DOC] values of TeCA dehydrochlorination than the fraction of <1 kDa because >1 kDa fraction had higher aliphiticity (more dipole-dipole sites) as well as more N-containing species and aromatic protein-like/polyphenol-like matters (more conjugate bases). The results are helpful for profoundly understanding the BDOC-mediated natural attenuation and fate change of chloroalkanes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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2
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Cao H, Bu F, Li X, Liu W, Sun Z, Shen J, Ma F, Gu Q. Unravelling structure evolution of dissolved organic matter during oxidation by persulfate: Insights from aromaticity and fluorescence analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119518. [PMID: 38960351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Persulfate advanced oxidation technology is widely utilized for remediating organic-contaminated groundwater. Post-remediation by persulfate oxidation, the aromaticity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater is significantly reduced. Nevertheless, the evolution trends of aromaticity and related structural changes in DOM remained unclear. Here, we selected eight types of DOM to analyze the variation in aromaticity, molecular weight, and fluorescence characteristics during oxidation by persulfate using optical spectroscopy and parallel faction analysis combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis (2D PARAFAC COS). The results showed diverse trends in the changes of aromaticity and maximum fluorescence intensity (Fmax) among different types of DOM as the reaction time increases. Four types of DOM (humic acid 1S104H, fulvic acid, and natural organic matters) exhibited an initially noteworthy increase in aromaticity followed by a decrease, while others demonstrated a continuous decreasing trend (14.3%-69.4%). The overall decreasing magnitude of DOM aromaticity follows the order of natural organic matters ≈ commercial humic acid > fulvic acid > extracted humic acid. The Fmax of humic acid increased, exception of commercial humic acid. The Fmax of fulvic acid initially decreased and then increased, while that of natural organic matters exhibited a decreasing trend (86.4%). The fulvic acid-like substance is the main controlling factor for the aromaticity and molecular weight of DOM during persulfate oxidation process. The oxidation sequence of fluorophores in DOM is as follows: fulvic-like substance, microbial-derived humic-like substance, humic-like substance, and aquatic humic-like substance. The fulvic-like and microbial-derived humic-like substances at longer excitation wavelengths were more sensitive to the response of persulfate oxidation than that of shorter excitation wavelengths. This result reveals the structure evolution of DOM during persulfate oxidation process and provides further support for predicting its environmental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fanyang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zongquan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jialun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qingbao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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3
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Jin Z, Zhang W, Wang X, Liu A, Li Z, Bai Y, Wu F. Leaching behaviors of dissolved organic matter from face masks revealed by fluorescence EEM combined with FRI and PARAFAC. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121399. [PMID: 38447375 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies investigating the occurrence and fate of microplastics, no effort has been devoted toward exploring the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from face masks mainly made of plastics and additives used in large quantities during the COVID-19 pandemic. By using FTIR, UV-vis, fluorescence EEM coupling with FRI and PARAFAC, and kinetic models of leaching experiments, we explored the leaching behaviors of face mask-derived DOM (FM-DOM) from commonly used face masks including N95, KN95, medical surgical masks, etc. The concentration of FM-DOM increased quickly at early 0-48 h and reached equilibrium at about 48 h measured in terms of dissolved organic carbon and fluorescence intensity. The protein-like materials ranged from 80.32 % to 89.40 % of percentage fluorescence response (Pi,n) were dominant in four types of FM-DOM analyzed by fluorescence EEM-FRI during the leaching experiments from 1 to 360 h. Four fluorescent components were identified, which included tryptophan-like components, tyrosine-like components, microbial protein-like components, and fulvic-like components with fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC models. The multi-order kinetic model (Radj2 0.975-0.999) fitted better than the zero-order and first-order kinetic model (Radj2 0.936-0.982) for all PARAFAC components of FM-DOM based on equations derived by pseudo kinetic models. The leaching rate constants (kn) ranged from 0.058 to 30.938 and the half-life times (T1/2) ranged from 2.73 to 24.87 h for four FM-DOM samples, following the solubility order of fulvic-like components (C4) > microbial protein-like components (C3) > tryptophan-like components (C1) > tyrosine-like components (C2) for FM-DOM from four types of face masks during the leaching experiment from 0 to 360 h. These novel findings will contribute to the understanding of the underappreciated environment impact of face masks in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xihuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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4
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Li T, Ruan M, Cao Y, Feng W, Song F, Bai Y, Zhao X, Wu F. Molecular-level insights into the temperature-dependent formation dynamics and mechanism of water-soluble dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass pyrolysis smoke. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121176. [PMID: 38295460 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) derived from biomass pyrolytic smoke is deposited through atmospheric aerosols, negatively affecting aquatic ecological quality and safety. However, the temperature-dependent molecular diversity and dynamic formation of smoke-derived WSOC remain poorly understood in water. Herein, we explored the molecular-level formation mechanism of pyrolytic smoke-derived WSOC in water to explain the evolution, heterogeneous correlations, and sequential responses of molecules and functional groups to increasing pyrolysis temperature. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was used to innovatively establish the characteristic correlations between spectroscopy and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Temperature-dependent formation of WSOC exhibited diversity in absorbance/fluorescent components, unique/common molecules, and their chemical parameters, showing the simultaneous formation and degradation reactions. The common WSOC molecules with lower and higher degrees of oxidation showed significant positive and negative correlations with the fluorescent components, respectively. The primary sequential response of WSOC molecules to increasing pyrolysis temperature (lignin-like molecules → unsaturated hydrocarbons, condensed aromatic molecules → lipid-like/aliphatic-/peptide-like molecules) corresponded to the temperature response of functional groups (carboxylic/alcoholic → polysaccharides → aromatics/amides/phenolic/aliphatic groups), demonstrating well synergistic relationships between them. These novel findings will contribute to the comprehensive understanding and assessments of potential environmental behavior or risks of WSOC in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingqi Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiying Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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5
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Guo S, Lyu H, Liu W, He Y, Tang J. Self-motivated photoaging of microplastics by biochar-dissolved organic matter under different pyrolysis temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170043. [PMID: 38218483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from biochar (BDOM) can interact with microplastics (MPs) in the environment, inevitably affecting their environmental behaviour. Information regarding the influence of BDOM on MPs during photoaging and associated variations in the MP aging mechanism remains unclear. This study evaluated the effect of BDOM on the aging of polystyrene (PS) MPs. The results showed that among three pyrolysis temperatures, low-temperature BDOM significantly enhanced the photoaging process of PS MPs, with the smallest average particle size and highest carbonyl index value after 15 days of aging under light conditions. The DOM level decreased after 5 days, increased after 5-10 days, and stabilised after 15 d. BDOM accelerates PS MPs aging, leading to more DOM released from PS, which can be transformed into 1O2 via triplet-excited state (3DOM⁎ and 3PS⁎) to further enhance PS MPs aging, resulting in the realisation of the self-accelerated aging process of PS MPs. 1O2 plays a crucial role in the self-motivated accelerated aging process of PS MPs. These findings provide new insights into the effects of the DOM structure and composition on reactive oxygen species generation during MPs aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Weitao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingchun Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Khan Z, Shah T, Asad M, Amjad K, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Alleviation of microplastic toxicity in soybean by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Regulating glyoxalase system and root nodule organic acid. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119377. [PMID: 37897896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic accumulation in the soil-plant system can stress plants and affect products quality. Currently, studies on the effect of microplastics on plants are not consistent and underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. Here for the first time, we performed a study to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the growth of soybean plants in soil contaminated with various types of microplastics (PS and HDPE) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (presence/absence). Our results revealed that a dose-dependent decline was observed in plant growth, chlorophyll content, and yield of soybean under MPs stress. The addition of MPs resulted in oxidative stress closely related to hydrogen peroxide generation (H2O2), methylglyoxal (MG) levels, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and lipoxygenase (LOX). In contrast, MPs addition enhanced mycorrhizal colonization and dependency relative to control while the rubisco and root activity declined. All the genes (GmHMA13 and GmHMA19) were downregulated in the presence of MPs except GmHMA18 in roots. AMF inoculation alleviated MPs-induced phytotoxic effects on colonization, rubisco activity, root activity and restored the growth of soybean. Under MPs exposure, AMF inoculation induced plant defense system via improved regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate, glutathione pool, and glyoxalase system. AMF upregulated the genes responsible for metals uptake in soybean under MPs stress. The antioxidant and glyoxalase systems coordinated regulation expressively inhibited the oxidative and carbonyl stress at both MPs types. Hence, AMF inoculation may be considered an effective approach for minimizing MPs toxicity and its adverse effects on growth of soybean grown on MPs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit United States Department for Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Amjad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Mu D, Mu L, Geng X, Mohamed TA, Wei Z. Evolution from basic to advanced structure of fulvic acid and humic acid prepared by food waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128413. [PMID: 38029895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) are common polyacids in nature. However, the evolutionary process of their basic and advanced structures is still unclear. FA and HA were separated into five molecular weight components to investigate the process of evolution from small to large molecules. The primary structure analysis showed that FA were rich in CN, COOH and OH content, while HA were rich in (CH2)n, NH2 and CC. Moreover, with the molecular weight increasing, the structures could complement each other to maintain the hydrophilic or hydrophobic balance. The 2D-COS spectroscopy demonstrated that during the growth of FA, COOH, NH2 and OH firstly respond. On the other hand, during the growth of HA, NH2 and (CH2)n firstly respond. In addition, advanced structure of FA was affected by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and π - π interaction. HA was affected by hydrophobic interactions due to the abundance of hydrophobic groups, primarily (CH2)n and benzene rings. 3D conformational fitting and particle size characterization confirmed that the interaction forces determine that FA and HA become tightly and loosely molecules respectively. This study is to further explore the geochemical formation and evolution process of FA and HA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichen Mu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Linying Mu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Geng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Taha Ahmed Mohamed
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Silva ÁMD, Cupertino GFM, Cezario LFC, Araujo CPD, Simões IM, Alexandre RS, Silva CBD, Passos RR, Brito JO, Dias Júnior AF. Densified biochar capsules as an alternative to conventional seedings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119305. [PMID: 37866189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of biochar in soil provides various benefits that can vary in intensity as the pyrolysis temperature increases. However, its low density makes this material easily transportable and prone to being removed from the system. The objective of this study was to investigate the pyrolysis temperatures and compression pressure of densified biochar carrier capsules on the physiological quality of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum seeds. Produced at three final pyrolysis temperatures (300, 600, and 900 °C), the biochar was characterized through bulk and true density analyses, immediate composition, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, water-soluble carbon, characterization of organic structures by FTIR, and PAH analysis. Subsequently, the biochar was compacted by briquetting at two compression pressures (50 and 200 psi) with one seed per capsule, and germination, emergence, and quality of generated seedlings were evaluated. After verifying residue normality and variance homogeneity, analysis of variance was conducted following a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications per treatment and two additional control treatments. Upon identifying significant differences, regression model adjustments were performed. Cluster-based multivariate analysis was used to identify similarities among the studied treatments, both for capsules and controls. Pyrolysis temperature and compression pressure influenced seed germination, emergence, and initial seedling growth. Lower pressure favored shoot development, while higher pressure favored root development and generated seedlings of higher quality. The benefits of biochar to soil, combined with the implementation of seeds, make the production of densified biochar capsules an alternative to conventional seedings, potentially reducing high energy and financial costs and enabling the recovery of degraded areas, even in difficult-to-access regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álison Moreira da Silva
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Department of Forests Sciences, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck Cupertino
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Luis Filipe Cabral Cezario
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Palacio de Araujo
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Ingridh Medeiros Simões
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Clíssia Barboza da Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
| | - Renato Ribeiro Passos
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Alto Universitário, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - José Otávio Brito
- Department of Forests Sciences, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Hou J, Zhang R, Ge J, Ma C, Yi Y, Qi Y, Li SL. Molecular and optical signatures of photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter: Nonnegligible role of suspended particulate matter in urban river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166842. [PMID: 37689212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the Earth's dynamic carbon pools and a key intermediate in the global carbon cycle. Photochemical processes potentially affect DOM composition and activity in surface water. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is the integral component of slow-moving rivers, and holds the potential for photochemical reactivity. To further investigate the influence of SPM on DOM photochemical transformation, this study conducted experiments comparing samples with and without SPM irradiated under simulated sunlight. Surface water samples from slow-moving urban rivers were collected. DOM optical characteristics and molecular features obtained by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were investigated. Photolabile DOM was enriched in unsaturated and highly aromatic terrestrial substances. Photoproduced DOM had low aromaticity and was dominated by saturated aliphatics, protein-like substances, and carbohydrates. Study results indicated that the presence of SPM had a nonnegligible impact on the molecular traits of DOM, such as composition, molecular diversity, photolability, and bioavailability during photochemical reactions. In the environment affected by SPM, molecules containing heteroatoms exhibit higher photosensitivity. SPM promotes the photochemical transformation of a wider range of chemical types of photolabile DOM, particularly nitrogen-containing compounds. This study provides an essential insight into the more precise simulation of photochemical reactions of DOM influenced by SPM occurring in natural rivers, contributing to our understanding of the global carbon cycle from new theoretical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hou
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruochun Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300072, China
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10
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Wei Z, Li N, Zhang X, Zheng L, Mo S, Korshin G, Li Q, Yan M. Characterizing photochemical production carboxyl content of dissolved organic matters using absorbance spectroscopy combined with FT-ICR MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140352. [PMID: 37806326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation can significantly impact the structure, reactivity and environmental behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The extent of these processes remains to be ascertained in more detail but the heterogeneity and site-specificity of DOM, and the lack of methods to characterize DOM at its environmentally-relevant concentrations make it a challenge. In this study, the differences of DOM response to photodegradation in four typical origins (i.e., surface water, sediment and intracellular and extracellular algal DOM) were tracked on the molecular-level using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Changes of the carboxyl and phenolic DOM moieties induced by irradiation were quantified by spectroscopic titrations, and the mechanism of functional groups affecting the changes of specific molecular composition was qualitatively proposed. The results demonstrated that intracellular algal organic matter (I-DOM) was most susceptible to photodegradation (ca. 63% DOM loss), then came extracellular algal organic matter (E-DOM) and surface water DOM (W-DOM) (ca. 15% DOM loss). Sediment DOM (S-DOM) was most resistant to irradiation, with a very small level of its mineralization. Lipids, lignin-like compounds and tannin-like compounds in I-DOM and E-DOM were relatively photo-labile. The photodegradation of lipids was related to the decarboxylation of carboxyl functional groups, while the photodegradation of tannin-like compounds was related to the rupture of phenolic functional groups. In comparison, the molecular composition of W-DOM and S-DOM was less affected by irradiation, which was also reflected in the fact that the carboxyl and phenolic functional groups were highly photo-resistant. This study showed that the photoactivity of DOM in surface water was closely related to the abundance of algae, so controlling the excessive reproduction of algae may have a positive effect on stability of quality and quantity of organic matter in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Wei
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China; Qinhuangdao key Laboratory of Water-saving Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, College of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China; Qinhuangdao key Laboratory of Water-saving Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, College of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Shansheng Mo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gregory Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, United States
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China; Qinhuangdao key Laboratory of Water-saving Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, College of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Mingquan Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Li Q, Bu Q, Bai Z, Wu X, Yu G, Cao H, Yang L, Tang J. The microbial oxidation of pharmaceuticals in an anaerobic aqueous environment: Effect of dissolved organic matter fractions from different sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165682. [PMID: 37478923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the biodegradation of trace organic contaminants occurred in the hyporheic zone. However, the role of diverse DOM fractions with distinct physicochemical properties on the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals under reducing conditions is scarcely known. To address this knowledge gap, DOMs derived from road-deposited sediment, soil, and active sludge (namely allochthonous DOM) and algae (namely autochthonous DOM) were collected and isolated into different fractions. Thereafter, the effect of DOM fractions on the anaerobic microbial oxidation of two typical pharmaceuticals, i.e., ritonavir (RTV) and tetracycline (TC) was explored by using simulated anaerobic microcosms. Mechanistic insights into how DOM fractions from different sources influence pharmaceutical biodegradation processes were provided by optical and electrochemical analyses. Results showed that humic acid and fulvic acid fractions from allochthonous DOM could enhance the biodegradation of TC (12.2 % per mgC/L) and RTV (14.5 % per mgC/L), while no significant impact was observed for that of hydrophilic fractions. However, autochthonous DOM promoted the biodegradation of TC (4.17 % per mgC/L) and inhibited that of RTV. Mechanistic analysis showed that the higher of humification and aromatization level of DOM components, the stronger their promotive effect on the biodegradation of TC and RTV. Further, the promotive mechanism could be attributed to the response of quinone moieties in DOM as extracellular electron acceptors that yields more energy to support microbial metabolism. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of diverse DOM fractions mediating microbial anaerobic oxidation of trace organic pollutants, and extend our insights into contamination control and remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhuoshu Bai
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaoze Wu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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12
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Zhao Y, Moore OW, Xiao KQ, Otero-Fariña A, Banwart SA, Wu FC, Peacock CL. Behavior and Fate of Chromium and Carbon during Fe(II)-Induced Transformation of Ferrihydrite Organominerals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17501-17510. [PMID: 37921659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of chromium (Cr) is controlled by minerals, especially iron (oxyhydr)oxides. The influence of organic carbon (OC) on the mobility and fate of Cr(VI) during Fe(II)-induced transformation of iron (oxyhydr)oxide, however, is still unclear. We investigate how low-weight carboxyl-rich OC influences the transformation of ferrihydrite (Fh) and controls the mobility of Cr(VI/III) in reducing environments and how Cr influences the formation of secondary Fe minerals and the stabilization of OC. With respect to the transformation of Fe minerals, the presence of low-weight carboxyl-rich OC retards the growth of goethite crystals and stabilizes lepidocrocite for a longer time. With respect to the mobility of Cr, low-weight carboxyl-rich OC suppresses the Cr(III)non-extractable associated with Fe minerals, and this suppression is enhanced with increasing carboxyl-richness of OC and decreasing pH. The presence of Cr(III) mitigates the decrease in total C associated with Fe minerals and increases the Cnon-extractable especially for Fh organominerals made with carboxyl-rich OC. Our study sheds new light on the mobility and fate of Cr in reducing environments and suggests that there is a potential synergy between Cr(VI) remediation and OC stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Oliver W Moore
- School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Ke-Qing Xiao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Alba Otero-Fariña
- School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Steven A Banwart
- School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Feng-Chang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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13
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Li X, Yang Y, Die Q, Yang J, Song F, Huang Q. Characteristics of solid waste from common generation source in nonferrous smelting industry reveal a new classification method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20545. [PMID: 37810863 PMCID: PMC10551547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid waste produced by the nonferrous smelting industry has a significant number of notable differences. The lack of recognition of solid waste characteristics is the main factor restricting its disposal and utilization. In this study, we analyzed the main production processes of the nonferrous smelting industry; identified the key production nodes of solid waste; and clarified the characteristics, including the physical, chemical, and pollution characteristics of solid wastes, through a large sample statistical analysis. We found similarities among solid wastes from a common generation source as well as notable differences among the different generation sources: slags and sludges from waste acid treatment and wastewater treatment units had a water content of 27.43-52.71% and 51.14-68.27%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other metallurgy and dust collection units; the pH of slags from an electrorefining unit was strongly alkaline; the mineral phase of sludges from wastewater treatment was only calcite; slags from a waste acid treatment unit were mainly in phase of gypsum, claudetite, and anglesite; the chemical composition of slags from pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy units was mainly SiO2 and Fe2O3. In this paper, we discuss a new classification method based on a common generation source for the first time. These results are beneficial to guide the disposal, utilization, and management of solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qingqi Die
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing, 100012, China
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14
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Song F, Li T, Hur J, Shi Q, Wu F, He W, Shi D, He C, Zhou L, Ruan M, Cao Y. Molecular-level insights into the heterogeneous variations and dynamic formation mechanism of leached dissolved organic matter during the photoaging of polystyrene microplastics. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120114. [PMID: 37336181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and their derivatives have received worldwide attention owing to their adverse effects on ecosystems. However, molecular diversity and dynamic formation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the photoaging of MPs remain unclear. Herein, we explored a molecular‒level formation mechanism for polystyrene MP (MPPS)‒derived DOM (PSDOM) during the photoaging of MPs to explain the evolution, heterogeneity, and sequential response of molecules to irradiation. Two‒dimensional correlation spectroscopy was applied to correlate the variations of PSDOM molecules detected by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with those of MPPS functional groups detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Irradiation‒induced PSDOM contained the most highly unsaturated structures with oxygen, but showed fewer aromatic structures than natural aquatic DOM. Photochemical transformations occurred between saturated‒reduced and oxidized molecules during PSDOM leaching, with the low‒oxidized and high‒oxidized molecules undergoing considerable changes in the normal carbon oxidation state and molecular number, respectively. The primary sequential response of PSDOM molecules to increasing irradiation time [low‒oxidized/high‒weight (450
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Mingqi Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Hung CM, Chen CW, Huang CP, Dong CD. Effects of pyrolysis conditions and heteroatom modification on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profile of biochar prepared from sorghum distillery residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129295. [PMID: 37311529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of 2- to 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sorghum distillery residue-derived biochar (SDRBC) was evaluated under different thermochemical pyrolysis conditions of carbonization atmosphere (N2 or CO2), temperature (300-900 °C) and doping with nonmetallic elements, i.e., N, B, O, P, N + B, and N + S. The results indicated that without surface modification, PAHs formation was 944 ± 74 ng g-1, the highest level, and 181 ± 16 ng g-1, the lowest level, at 300 °C in N2 and CO2 atmosphere, respectively. Boron doping of SDRBC significantly reduced the PAHs content (by 97%) under N2 at 300 °C. Results demonstrated that boron modified SDRBC exhibited the highest degree of PAH reduction. Combined pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere in addition to heteroatom doping is a robust and viable strategy for efficient suppression of PAHs formation and high-value utilization of pyrolysis products of low carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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16
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Li T, Cao X, Cui X, Zhao R, Chen H, Xue W, Cui Z, Tan X, Ni S. Competitive adsorption of lead and cadmium onto nanoplastics with different charges: Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27546-5. [PMID: 37184801 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The competitive adsorption ability and mechanisms of lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) by nanoplastics (NPs) with positive charges (PS-NH2) and negative charges (PS-SO3H) were investigated by using batch adsorption experiments coupled with the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) method. The adsorption isotherm results showed that PS-SO3H exhibited a higher adsorption capacity for Pb2+ or Cd2+ compared to PS-NH2. The adsorption affinity of NPs for Pb2+ was higher than that of Cd2+. The competitive adsorption results showed that Pb2+ had a more pronounced negative effect on the adsorption of Cd2+. The adsorption capacities of NPs were affected by the surface charge and solution pH. Electrostatic force was the main factor influencing PS-SO3H to capture Pb2+ and Cd2+, while chelation was the main mechanism between PS-NH2 and metals. The functional groups of NPs played significant roles in the sorption of Pb2+ or Cd2+ according to the FTIR spectra and 2D-COS analysis. This study provided new insights into the impact of NPs on the transport of other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xiufeng Cao
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Huayi Chen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenxiu Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Xianfeng Tan
- Shandong Lunan Institute of Geological Engineering Survey, Yanzhou, 272100, China
| | - Shouqing Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
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