1
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Madawala C, Lee HD, Kaluarachchi CP, Tivanski AV. Quantifying the Viscosity of Individual Submicrometer Semisolid Particles Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14566-14572. [PMID: 37740726 PMCID: PMC10551855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols' viscosities can vary significantly depending on their composition, mixing states, relative humidity (RH) and temperature. The diffusion time scale of atmospheric gases into an aerosol is largely governed by its viscosity, which in turn influences heterogeneous chemistry and climate-relevant aerosol effects. Quantifying the viscosity of aerosols in the semisolid phase state is particularly important as they are prevalent in the atmosphere and have a wide range of viscosities. Currently, direct viscosity measurements of submicrometer individual atmospheric aerosols are limited, largely due to the inherent size limitations of existing experimental techniques. Herein, we present a method that utilizes atomic force microscopy (AFM) to directly quantify the viscosity of substrate-deposited individual submicrometer semisolid aerosol particles as a function of RH. The method is based on AFM force spectroscopy measurements coupled with the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. Using glucose, sucrose, and raffinose as model systems, we demonstrate the accuracy of the AFM method within the viscosity range of ∼104-107 Pa s. The method is applicable to individual particles with sizes ranging from tens of nanometers to several micrometers. Furthermore, the method does not require prior knowledge on the composition of studied particles. We anticipate future measurements utilizing the AFM method on atmospheric aerosols at various RH to aid in our understanding of the range of aerosols' viscosities, the extent of particle-to-particle viscosity variability, and how these contribute to the particle diversity observable in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamika
K. Madawala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hansol D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | | - Alexei V. Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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2
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Dommer A, Wauer NA, Angle KJ, Davasam A, Rubio P, Luo M, Morris CK, Prather KA, Grassian VH, Amaro RE. Revealing the Impacts of Chemical Complexity on Submicrometer Sea Spray Aerosol Morphology. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1088-1103. [PMID: 37396863 PMCID: PMC10311664 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) ejected through bursting bubbles at the ocean surface is a complex mixture of salts and organic species. Submicrometer SSA particles have long atmospheric lifetimes and play a critical role in the climate system. Composition impacts their ability to form marine clouds, yet their cloud-forming potential is difficult to study due to their small size. Here, we use large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as a "computational microscope" to provide never-before-seen views of 40 nm model aerosol particles and their molecular morphologies. We investigate how increasing chemical complexity impacts the distribution of organic material throughout individual particles for a range of organic constituents with varying chemical properties. Our simulations show that common organic marine surfactants readily partition between both the surface and interior of the aerosol, indicating that nascent SSA may be more heterogeneous than traditional morphological models suggest. We support our computational observations of SSA surface heterogeneity with Brewster angle microscopy on model interfaces. These observations indicate that increased chemical complexity in submicrometer SSA leads to a reduced surface coverage by marine organics, which may facilitate water uptake in the atmosphere. Our work thus establishes large-scale MD simulations as a novel technique for interrogating aerosols at the single-particle level.
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3
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Mirrielees J, Kirpes RM, Haas SM, Rauschenberg CD, Matrai PA, Remenapp A, Boschi VL, Grannas AM, Pratt KA, Ault AP. Probing Individual Particles Generated at the Freshwater-Seawater Interface through Combined Raman, Photothermal Infrared, and X-ray Spectroscopic Characterization. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:605-619. [PMID: 36589347 PMCID: PMC9793585 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is one of the largest global sources of atmospheric aerosol, but little is known about SSA generated in coastal regions with salinity gradients near estuaries and river outflows. SSA particles are chemically complex with substantial particle-to-particle variability due to changes in water temperature, salinity, and biological activity. In previous studies, the ability to resolve the aerosol composition to the level of individual particles has proven necessary for the accurate parameterization of the direct and indirect aerosol effects; therefore, measurements of individual SSA particles are needed for the characterization of this large source of atmospheric aerosol. An integrated analytical measurement approach is required to probe the chemical composition of individual SSA particles. By combining complementary vibrational microspectroscopic (Raman and optical photothermal infrared, O-PTIR) measurements with elemental information from computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (CCSEM-EDX), we gained unique insights into the individual particle chemical composition and morphology. Herein, we analyzed particles from four experiments on laboratory-based SSA production using coastal seawater collected in January 2018 from the Gulf of Maine. Individual salt particles were enriched in organics compared to that in natural seawater, both with and without added microalgal filtrate, with greater enrichment observed for smaller particle sizes, as evidenced by higher carbon/sodium ratios. Functional group analysis was carried out using the Raman and infrared spectra collected from individual SSA particles. Additionally, the Raman spectra were compared with a library of Raman spectra consisting of marine-derived organic compounds. Saccharides, followed by fatty acids, were the dominant components of the organic coatings surrounding the salt cores of these particles. This combined Raman, infrared, and X-ray spectroscopic approach will enable further understanding of the factors determining the individual particle composition, which is important for understanding the impacts of SSA produced within estuaries and river outflows, as well as areas of snow and ice melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
A. Mirrielees
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel M. Kirpes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Savannah M. Haas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | | | - Patricia A. Matrai
- Bigelow
Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Allison Remenapp
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Vanessa L. Boschi
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Amanda M. Grannas
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Kerri A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Ying Z, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Huang Q, Shen Y, Fang H, Hou H, Yan L. Unexpected hygroscopic behaviors of individual sub-50 nm NaNO 3 nanoparticles observed by in situ atomic force microscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158441. [PMID: 36067856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hygroscopicity is one of the most important physicochemical properties of salt nanoparticles, greatly influencing the environment, climate and human health. However, the hygroscopic properties of salt nanoparticles are poorly understood owing to the great challenges of the preparation, preservation and in situ characterization. Here we show the unexpected shape- and size-dependent hygroscopic behaviors of NaNO3 nanoparticles prepared from molten salts using in situ environment-controlled atomic force microscopy. During the humidifying process, the angular and round sub-50 nm NaNO3 particles display anisotropic and isotropic water adsorption behaviors, respectively. The sub-10 nm NaNO3 nanoparticles abnormally shrink and disappear. The growth factors of the NaNO3 nanoparticles are highly sensitive to their sizes and shapes, and quite different from those of NaNO3 microparticles. These findings show that the hygroscopic behaviors of salt nanoparticles may not be comprehensively described by the traditional growth factors, and open up a new pathway to study the hygroscopic behaviors of salt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemian Ying
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Haiping Fang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huiqi Hou
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Long Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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5
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Madawala C, Lee HD, Kaluarachchi CP, Tivanski AV. Probing the Water Uptake and Phase State of Individual Sucrose Nanoparticles Using Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:2612-2620. [PMID: 34712889 PMCID: PMC8543754 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of atmospheric aerosols on the climate and atmosphere of Earth can vary significantly depending upon their properties, including size, morphology, and phase state, all of which are influenced by varying relative humidity (RH) in the atmosphere. A significant fraction of atmospheric aerosols is below 100 nm in size. However, as a result of size limitations of conventional experimental techniques, how the particle-to-particle variability of the phase state of aerosols influences atmospheric processes is poorly understood. To address this issue, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) methodology that was previously established for sub-micrometer aerosols is extended to measure the water uptake and identify the phase state of individual sucrose nanoparticles. Quantified growth factors (GFs) of individual sucrose nanoparticles up to 60% RH were lower than expected values observed on the sub-micrometer sucrose particles. The effect could be attributed to the semisolid sucrose nanoparticle restructuring on a substrate. At RH > 60%, sucrose nanoparticles are liquid and GFs overlap well with the sub-micrometer particles and theoretical predictions. This suggests that quantification of GFs of nanoparticles may be inaccurate for the RH range where particles are semisolid but becomes accurate at elevated RH where particles are liquid. Despite this, however, the identified phase states of the nanoparticles were comparable to their sub-micrometer counterparts. The identified phase transitions between solid and semisolid and between semisolid and liquid for sucrose were at ∼18 and 60% RH, which are equivalent to viscosities of 1011.2 and 102.5 Pa s, respectively. This work demonstrates that measurements of the phase state using AFM are applicable to nanosized particles, even when the substrate alters the shape of semisolid nanoparticles and alters the GF.
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6
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Ott EJE, Kucinski TM, Dawson JN, Freedman MA. Use of Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Aerosol Particles and Strategies for Imaging Fragile Particles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11347-11356. [PMID: 34370455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For over 25 years, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has provided a method for the study of aerosol particles with sizes from below the optical diffraction limit to several microns, resolving the particles as well as smaller features. The wide use of this technique to study aerosol particles has contributed important insights about environmental aerosol particle samples and model atmospheric systems. TEM produces an image that is a 2D projection of aerosol particles that have been impacted onto grids and, through associated techniques and spectroscopies, can contribute additional information such as the determination of elemental composition, crystal structure, and 3D particle structures. Soot, mineral dust, and organic/inorganic particles have all been analyzed using TEM and spectroscopic techniques. TEM, however, has limitations that are important to understand when interpreting data including the ability of the electron beam to damage and thereby change the structure and shape of particles, especially in the case of particles composed of organic compounds and salts. In this paper, we concentrate on the breadth of studies that have used TEM as the primary analysis technique. Another focus is on common issues with TEM and cryogenic-TEM. Insights for new users on best practices for fragile particles, that is, particles that are easily susceptible to damage from the electron beam, with this technique are discussed. Tips for readers on interpreting and evaluating the quality and accuracy of TEM data in the literature are also provided and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily-Jean E Ott
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Theresa M Kucinski
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joseph Nelson Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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7
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Lee HD, Tivanski AV. Atomic Force Microscopy: An Emerging Tool in Measuring the Phase State and Surface Tension of Individual Aerosol Particles. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:235-252. [PMID: 33428467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are suspended particulate matter of varying composition, size, and mixing state. Challenges remain in understanding the impact of aerosols on the climate, atmosphere, and human health. The effect of aerosols depends on their physicochemical properties, such as their hygroscopicity, phase state, and surface tension. These properties are dynamic with respect to the highly variable relative humidity and temperature of the atmosphere. Thus, experimental approaches that permit the measurement of these dynamic properties are required. Such measurements also need to be performed on individual, submicrometer-, and supermicrometer-sized aerosol particles, as individual atmospheric particles from the same source can exhibit great variability in their form and function. In this context, this review focuses on the recent emergence of atomic force microscopy as an experimental tool in physical, analytical, and atmospheric chemistry that enables such measurements. Remaining challenges are noted and suggestions for future studies are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol D Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; ,
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA; ,
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8
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Or VW, Wade M, Patel S, Alves MR, Kim D, Schwab S, Przelomski H, O'Brien R, Rim D, Corsi RL, Vance ME, Farmer DK, Grassian VH. Glass surface evolution following gas adsorption and particle deposition from indoor cooking events as probed by microspectroscopic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1698-1709. [PMID: 32661531 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor surfaces are extremely diverse and their interactions with airborne compounds and aerosols influence the lifetime and reactivity of indoor emissions. Direct measurements of the physical and chemical state of these surfaces provide insights into the underlying physical and chemical processes involving surface adsorption, surface partitioning and particle deposition. Window glass, a ubiquitous indoor surface, was placed vertically during indoor activities throughout the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) campaign and then analyzed to measure changes in surface morphology and surface composition. Atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopic analyses reveal that deposition of submicron particles from cooking events is a contributor to modifying the chemical and physical state of glass surfaces. These results demonstrate that the deposition of glass surfaces can be an important sink for organic rich particles material indoors. These findings also show that particle deposition contributes enough organic matter from a single day of exposure equivalent to a uniform film up to two nanometers in thickness, and that the chemical distinctness of different indoor activities is reflective of the chemical and morphological changes seen in these indoor surfaces. Comparison of the experimental results to physical deposition models shows variable agreement, suggesting that processes not captured in physical deposition models may play a role in the sticking of particles on indoor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Or
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Michael Wade
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sameer Patel
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Deborah Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Sarah Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Hannah Przelomski
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - Rachel O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - Donghyun Rim
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Richard L Corsi
- Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97021, USA
| | - Marina E Vance
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. and Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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9
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Xie Z, Kuai Y, Liu J, Gui H, Zhang J, Dai H, Xiao H, Chen DR, Zhang D. In Situ Quantitative Observation of Hygroscopic Growth of Single Nanoparticle Aerosol by Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11062-11071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Xie
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Kuai
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- College of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiaoshi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haosheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Innovation Excellence Center for Urban Atmospheric Environment of CAS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Da-Ren Chen
- Particle Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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10
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Olson NE, Xiao Y, Lei Z, Ault AP. Simultaneous Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy of Submicrometer Atmospheric Particles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9932-9939. [PMID: 32519841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric aerosols at the most abundant sizes in the atmosphere (<1 μm) is analytically challenging, as hundreds to thousands of species are often present in femtoliter volumes. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared (IR) and Raman, have great potential for probing functional groups in single particles at ambient pressure and temperature. However, the diffraction limit of IR radiation limits traditional IR microscopy to particles > ∼10 μm, which have less relevance to aerosol health and climate impacts. Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a contactless method that circumvents diffraction limitations by using changes in the scattering intensity of a continuous wave visible laser (532 nm) to detect the photothermal expansion when a vibrational mode is excited by a tunable IR laser (QCL: 800-1800 cm-1 or OPO: 2600-3600 cm-1). Herein, we simultaneously collect O-PTIR spectra with Raman spectra at a single point for individual particles with aerodynamic diameters <400 nm (prior to impaction and spreading) at ambient temperature and pressure, by also collecting the inelastically scattered visible photons for Raman spectra. O-PTIR and Raman spectra were collected for submicrometer particles with different substrates, particle chemical compositions, and morphologies (i.e., core-shell), as well as IR mapping with submicron spatial resolution. Initial O-PTIR analysis of ambient atmospheric particles identified both inorganic and organic modes in individual sub- and supermicrometer particles. The simultaneous IR and Raman microscopy with submicrometer spatial resolution described herein has considerable potential both in atmospheric chemistry and numerous others fields (e.g., materials and biological research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Kirpes RM, Rodriguez B, Kim S, China S, Laskin A, Park K, Jung J, Ault AP, Pratt KA. Emerging investigator series: influence of marine emissions and atmospheric processing on individual particle composition of summertime Arctic aerosol over the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1201-1213. [PMID: 32083622 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is rapidly transforming due to sea ice loss, increasing shipping activity, and oil and gas development. Associated marine and combustion emissions influence atmospheric aerosol composition, impacting complex aerosol-cloud-climate feedbacks. To improve understanding of the sources and processes determining Arctic aerosol composition, atmospheric particles were collected aboard the Korean icebreaker R/V Araon cruising within the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea during August 2016. Offline analyses of individual particles by microspectroscopic techniques, including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy with infrared spectroscopy, provided information on particle size, morphology, and chemical composition. The most commonly observed particle types were sea spray aerosol (SSA), comprising ∼60-90%, by number, of supermicron particles, and organic aerosol (OA), comprising ∼50-90%, by number, of submicron particles. Sulfate and nitrate were internally mixed within both SSA and OA particles, consistent with particle multiphase reactions during atmospheric transport. Within the Bering Strait, SSA and OA particles were more aged, with greater number fractions of particles containing sulfate and/or nitrate, compared to particles collected over the Chukchi Sea. This is indicative of greater pollution influence within the Bering Strait from coastal and inland sources, while the Chukchi Sea is primarily influenced by marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Kirpes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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12
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Ray KK, Lee HD, Gutierrez MA, Chang FJ, Tivanski AV. Correlating 3D Morphology, Phase State, and Viscoelastic Properties of Individual Substrate-Deposited Particles. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7621-7630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal K. Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hansol D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Miguel A. Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Franklin J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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13
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14
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Estillore AD, Morris HS, Or VW, Lee HD, Alves MR, Marciano MA, Laskina O, Qin Z, Tivanski AV, Grassian VH. Linking hygroscopicity and the surface microstructure of model inorganic salts, simple and complex carbohydrates, and authentic sea spray aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21101-21111. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles are mixtures of organics and salts that show diversity in their morphologies and water uptake properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando D. Estillore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | | | - Victor W. Or
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Hansol D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
| | - Michael R. Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Meagan A. Marciano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Olga Laskina
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
| | | | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Nanoengineering
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15
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Ault AP, Axson JL. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Advances. Anal Chem 2016; 89:430-452. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L. Axson
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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16
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Trueblood JV, Estillore AD, Lee C, Dowling JA, Prather KA, Grassian VH. Heterogeneous Chemistry of Lipopolysaccharides with Gas-Phase Nitric Acid: Reactive Sites and Reaction Pathways. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6444-50. [PMID: 27445084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that sea spray aerosol (SSA) has a size-dependent, complex composition consisting of biomolecules and biologically derived organic compounds in addition to salts. This additional chemical complexity most likely influences the heterogeneous reactivity of SSA, as these other components will have different reactive sites and reaction pathways. In this study, we focus on the reactivity of a class of particles derived from some of the biological components of sea spray aerosol including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that undergo heterogeneous chemistry within the reactive sites of the biological molecule. Examples of these reactions and the relevant reactive sites are proposed as follows: R-COONa(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-COOH and R-HPO4Na(s) + HNO3(g) → NaNO3 + R-H2PO4. These reactions may be a heterogeneous pathway not only for sea spray aerosol but also for a variety of other types of atmospheric aerosol as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Trueblood
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and §Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Armando D Estillore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and §Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and §Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacqueline A Dowling
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and §Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and §Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and §Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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17
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Morris HS, Estillore AD, Laskina O, Grassian VH, Tivanski AV. Quantifying the Hygroscopic Growth of Individual Submicrometer Particles with Atomic Force Microscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3647-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly S. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Armando D. Estillore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Olga Laskina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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18
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Patterson JP, Collins D, Michaud J, Axson JL, Sultana CM, Moser T, Dommer AC, Conner J, Grassian VH, Stokes MD, Deane GB, Evans JE, Burkart MD, Prather KA, Gianneschi N. Sea Spray Aerosol Structure and Composition Using Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:40-47. [PMID: 26878061 PMCID: PMC4731829 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The composition and surface properties of atmospheric aerosol particles largely control their impact on climate by affecting their ability to uptake water, react heterogeneously, and nucleate ice in clouds. However, in the vacuum of a conventional electron microscope, the native surface and internal structure often undergo physicochemical rearrangement resulting in surfaces that are quite different from their atmospheric configurations. Herein, we report the development of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy where laboratory generated sea spray aerosol particles are flash frozen in their native state with iterative and controlled thermal and/or pressure exposures and then probed by electron microscopy. This unique approach allows for the detection of not only mixed salts, but also soft materials including whole hydrated bacteria, diatoms, virus particles, marine vesicles, as well as gel networks within hydrated salt droplets-all of which will have distinct biological, chemical, and physical processes. We anticipate this method will open up a new avenue of analysis for aerosol particles, not only for ocean-derived aerosols, but for those produced from other sources where there is interest in the transfer of organic or biological species from the biosphere to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Douglas
B. Collins
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jennifer
M. Michaud
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jessica L. Axson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Camile M. Sultana
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Trevor Moser
- Environmental
Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Abigail C. Dommer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jack Conner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - M. Dale Stokes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Grant B. Deane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental
Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Michael D. Burkart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan
C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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