1
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Liang S, Fu K, Li X, Wang Z. Unveiling the spatiotemporal dynamics of membrane fouling: A focused review on dynamic fouling characterization techniques and future perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103179. [PMID: 38754212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Membrane technology has emerged as a crucial method for obtaining clean water from unconventional sources in the face of water scarcity. It finds wide applications in wastewater treatment, advanced treatment, and desalination of seawater and brackish water. However, membrane fouling poses a huge challenge that limits the development of membrane-based water treatment technologies. Characterizing the dynamics of membrane fouling is crucial for understanding its development, mechanisms, and effective mitigation. Instrumental techniques that enable in situ or real-time characterization of the dynamics of membrane fouling provide insights into the temporal and spatial evolution of fouling, which play a crucial role in understanding the fouling mechanism and the formulation of membrane control strategies. This review consolidates existing knowledge about the principal advanced instrumental analysis technologies employed to characterize the dynamics of membrane fouling, in terms of membrane structure, morphology, and intermolecular forces. Working principles, applications, and limitations of each technique are discussed, enabling researchers to select appropriate methods for their specific studies. Furthermore, prospects for the future development of dynamic characterization techniques for membrane fouling are discussed, underscoring the need for continued research and innovation in this field to overcome the challenges posed by membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunkun Fu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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2
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Wu J, Yang Z, Cai X, Zhang L. Dynamics of polymer chains confined to a periodic cylinder: molecular dynamics simulation vs. Lifson-Jackson formula. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24395-24405. [PMID: 37622343 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of polymer chains confined to a periodic cylinder is explored using molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical analysis. The cylinder is divided into two cavities in one periodicity: one cavity consists of a channel of length L1 and diameter D1 and another cavity is a channel of length L2 and diameter D2. For L1 = L2 = L/2, the diffusion coefficient D of a single confined polymer chain decreases rapidly with increase in periodicities L. For a fixed periodicity with L = L1 + L2 = constant, the diffusion coefficient D of a single confined polymer chain shows strong dependence on L1 (or L2). Moreover, for a multi-chain system with L1 = L2, the diffusion coefficient D shows strong non-monotonic dependence on the chain monomer density ρ, and the confined polymer chains diffuse fastest for ρ = 0.068, in which there are three polymer chains in two periodicities as well as two opposing effects: one is that the excluded volume effect between polymer chains can reduce the free energy barrier, and another is that when the chain monomer density ρ increases further, the entanglement effect increases, which leads to that the diffusion coefficient D decreases as ρ increases. Finally, we found that the diffusion coefficient D has a similar oscillation relationship with the ratio of R/L for different chain lengths N and different periodicity L, and the oscillation amplitude decreases gradually as R/L increases; here R is the mean end-to-end distance of a single confined polymer chain, i.e., . From the view of free energy potential, both the width of the free energy potential well and the height of the free energy potential barrier govern simultaneously the diffusion behavior of confined polymer chains. According to the mean force potential (PMF) based on the weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM), we found that our results agree very well with the theoretical analysis using the Lifson-Jackson formula. Our investigation may help us understand the dynamics of particles in a periodic medium, which is one of the interesting problems in many different fields of science, such as physics, chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoou Cai
- Jiayang College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
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3
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Wu S, Ma B, Fan H, Hua X, Hu C, Ulbricht M, Qu J. Influence of water quality factors on cake layer 3D structures and water channels during ultrafiltration process. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120226. [PMID: 37364354 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the cake layer, which could be influenced by water quality factors, plays a significant role in the ultrafiltration (UF) efficiency of water purification. However, it remains challenging to precisely reveal the variation of cake layer 3D structures and water channel characteristics. Herein, we systematically report the variation in the cake layer 3D structure at the nanoscale induced by key water quality factors and reveal its influence on water transport, in particular the abundance of water channels within the cake layer. In comparison with pH and Na+, Ca2+ played more significant role in determining cake layer structures. The sandwich-like cake layer, which was induced by the asynchronous deposition of humic acids and sodium alginate (SA), shifted to an isotropic structure when Ca2+ was present due to the Ca2+ bridging. In comparison with the sandwich-like structure, the isotropic cake layer has higher fractions of free volume (voids) and more water channels, leading to a 147% improvement in the water transport coefficient, 60% reduction in the cake layer resistance, and 21% increase in the final membrane specific flux. Our work elucidates a structure-property relationship where improving the isotropy of the cake layer 3D structure is conducive to the optimization of water channels and water transport within cake layers. This could inspire tailored regulation strategies for cake layers to enhance the UF efficiency of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Hongwei Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Wu S, Ma B, Hu C, Hua X, Fan H, Ulbricht M, Qu J. Cake layer 3D structure regulation to optimize water channels during Al-based coagulation-ultrafiltration process. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119941. [PMID: 37054609 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The variation in cake layer three-dimensional (3D) structures and related water channel characteristics induced by coagulation pretreatment remains unclear; however, gaining such knowledge will aid in improving ultrafiltration (UF) efficiency for water purification. Herein, the regulation of cake layer 3D structures (3D distribution of organic foulants within cake layers) by Al-based coagulation pretreatment was analyzed at the micro/nanoscale. The sandwich-like cake layer of humic acids and sodium alginate induced without coagulation was ruptured, and foulants were gradually uniformly distributed within the floc layer (toward an isotropic structure) with increasing coagulant dosage (a critical dosage was observed). Furthermore, the structure of the foulant-floc layer was more isotropic when coagulants with high Al13 concentrations were used (either AlCl3 at pH 6 or polyaluminum chloride, in comparison with AlCl3 at pH 8 where small-molecular-weight humic acids were enriched near the membrane). These high Al13 concentrations lead to a 48.4% higher specific membrane flux than that seen for UF without coagulation. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that with increasing Al13 concentration (Al13: 6.2% to 22.6%), the water channels within the cake layer were enlarged and more connected, and the water transport coefficient was improved by up to 54.1%, indicating faster water transport. These findings demonstrate that facilitating an isotropic foulant-floc layer with highly connected water channels by coagulation pretreatment with high-Al13-concentration coagulants (having a strong ability to complex organic foulants) is the key issue in optimizing the UF efficiency for water purification. The results should provide further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of coagulation-enhancing UF behavior and inspire precise design of coagulation pretreatment to achieve efficient UF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Min KJ, An HJ, Park KY. Cadmium-treatment efficiency and membrane fouling during electrodialysis of wastewater discharged from zinc smelting. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138881. [PMID: 37164203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc smelting wastewater contains high concentrations of Cd. Here, the treatment efficiency of Cd using electrodialysis was evaluated. In addition, scale accumulation of ion-exchange membrane (IEM) was analyzed, and fouling control was studied. The results showed that spacers effectively improved the limiting current density but accelerated foulant accumulation. The Cd-treatment efficiency improved to 85.4% without a spacer. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hydrophobic DOC levels in diluted water decreased by 0.65 mg L-1 and 2.1 mg L-1, respectively; in contrast, hydrophilic DOC level increased by 1.45 mg L-1. Some of the hydrophobic DOC in the diluted water was converted to hydrophilic DOC and subsequently to low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOC. DOC level in the concentrated water did not change substantially, but the LMW fraction of the hydrophilic DOC increased. In the cation-exchange membrane, a material composed of calcium sulfate accumulated in the bottom layer, and hydroxides of divalent and trivalent ions accumulated on top of it. In contrast, the anion-exchange membrane was fouled by humic substances. In terms of fouling control, physical and acid cleaning of IEMs was more effective than the reversal operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Min
- Department of Tech Center for Research Facilities, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jin An
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Young Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Roopnarine B, Schmidt SC, Maxwell KJ, Morozova S. Effects of Molecular Weight and Surface Interactions on Polymer Diffusion in Confinement. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:221-226. [PMID: 36705547 PMCID: PMC9948537 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the transport and thermodynamics of polymers in confined spaces is helpful for many separation processes like water purification, drug delivery, and oil recovery. Specifically, for water purification, dextran has been used as a "model" foulant. Uncovering how these polymers interact in confinement can reduce the fouling of organic membranes and will lead to better separation processes overall. We have determined the diffusion coefficient, D, of dextran and sodium polyacrylate in convex lens-induced confinement using differential dynamic microscopy. In this setup, the gap height ranges continuously from 0.077-21.8 μm. It was found that polymer diffusion becomes slower in higher confinement, which is consistent with a change in the increase of the hydrodynamic resistance to macromolecule motion and depends on the surface properties. These findings indicate that dextran diffusion changes in confinement and can lead to a better understanding of separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany
K. Roopnarine
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States
| | - Spencer C. Schmidt
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States
| | - Kevin J. Maxwell
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States
| | - Svetlana Morozova
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States,Phone: 5088159802.
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7
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Simultaneous removal of natural organic matters and copper (II) with ultrafiltration for drinking water treatment. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Zhang M, Xia Q, Zhao X, Guo J, Zeng L, Zhou Z. Concentration effects of calcium ion on polyacrylamide fouling of ion-exchange membrane in electrodialysis treatment of flue gas desulfurization wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Sun X, Liu W, Zhuo Q, Wang P, Zhao J. Probing the interaction between coal particle and collector using atomic force microscope and density functional theory calculation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Zhang B, Tang H, Gu X, Li X, Zhang B, Shen Y, Shi W. Discrepant effects of monovalent cations on membrane fouling induced by colloidal polymer: Evaluation and mechanism investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133939. [PMID: 35149021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how ionic conditions affect membrane fouling induced by anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is important for achieving long-term and stable operation of a polymer flooding produced wastewater (PFPW) membrane separation process. However, there is lack of studies on the effects of monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) on APAM-based membrane fouling. In this work, the effects of Na+ and K+ on filtration efficiency, flux decline behavior, fouling resistance, and cleaning efficiency were studied through a series of microfiltration tests. Moreover, the influencing mechanism of membrane fouling was further comprehensively revealed from the aspects of the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, the hydration force, and the microstructure characterizations. The XDLVO theory agreed well with membrane fouling behavior at various ionic strengths. The increase in ionic strength (0-10,000 mg/L) of Na+ and K+ exacerbated the reduction of relative flux (J/J0) and the accumulation of fouling resistance, as well as made the porous APAM-induced fouling layer denser and more compact, boosting removal efficiency. Furthermore, K+ had a stronger aggravating effect on membrane fouling than Na+. Specifically, the final value of J/J0 for APAM+K+ (0.08) was lower than that for APAM + Na+ (0.12), and the fouling resistance for APAM+K+ (12.25 × 1011 m-1) was higher than that for APAM + Na+ (12.01 × 1011 m-1) at an ionic strength of 10,000 mg/L, which was owing to the larger hydration force caused by Na+ with a smaller ionic radius. This research offers practical guidance for the PFPW membrane filtering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Heli Tang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co.Ltd., Chongqing, 400060, China.
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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11
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Archer WR, Gallagher CMB, Vaissier Welborn V, Schulz MD. Exploring the role of polymer hydrophobicity in polymer-metal binding thermodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3579-3585. [PMID: 35088772 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05263b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-chelating polymers play a key role in rare-earth element (REE) extraction and separation processes. Often, these processes occur in aqueous solution, but the interactions among water, polymer, and REE are largely under-investigated in these applications. To probe these interactions, we synthesized a series of poly(amino acid acrylamide)s with systematically varied hydrophobicity around a consistent chelating group (carboxylate). We then measured the ΔH of Eu3+ chelation as a function of temperature across the polymer series using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to give the change in heat capacity (ΔCP). We observed an order of magnitude variation in ΔCP (39-471 J mol1 K-1) with changes in the hydrophobicity of the polymer. Atomistic simulations of the polymer-metal-water interactions revealed greater Eu3+ and polymer desolvation when binding to the more hydrophobic polymers. These combined experimental and computational results demonstrate that metal binding in aqueous solution can be modulated not only by directly modifying the chelating groups, but also by altering the molecular environment around the chelating site, thus suggesting a new design principle for developing increasingly effective metal-chelating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Archer
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| | - Connor M B Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| | - V Vaissier Welborn
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| | - Michael D Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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12
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Review of New Approaches for Fouling Mitigation in Membrane Separation Processes in Water Treatment Applications. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates antifouling agents used in the process of membrane separation (MS), in reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), microfiltration (MF), membrane distillation (MD), and membrane bioreactors (MBR), and clarifies the fouling mechanism. Membrane fouling is an incomplete substance formed on the membrane surface, which will quickly reduce the permeation flux and damage the membrane. Foulant is colloidal matter: organic matter (humic acid, protein, carbohydrate, nano/microplastics), inorganic matter (clay such as potassium montmorillonite, silica salt, metal oxide, etc.), and biological matter (viruses, bacteria and microorganisms adhering to the surface of the membrane in the case of nutrients) The stability and performance of the tested nanometric membranes, as well as the mitigation of pollution assisted by electricity and the cleaning and repair of membranes, are reported. Physical, chemical, physico-chemical, and biological methods for cleaning membranes. Biologically induced biofilm dispersion effectively controls fouling. Dynamic changes in membrane foulants during long-term operation are critical to the development and implementation of fouling control methods. Membrane fouling control strategies show that improving membrane performance is not only the end goal, but new ideas and new technologies for membrane cleaning and repair need to be explored and developed in order to develop future applications.
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13
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Suo Y, Ren Y. Research on the mechanism of nanofiltration membrane fouling in zero discharge process of high salty wastewater from coal chemical industry. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Shi J, Yang Y, Yi Q, Zhang J, Wang L. Transparent Exopolymer Particles in Drinking Water Treatment-A Brief Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312344. [PMID: 34886083 PMCID: PMC8656632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) have been described as a class of particulate acidic polysaccharides, which are commonly found in various surface waters. Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, they have recently been receiving increasing attention on their effects in water treatment. Currently, TEP are commonly known as clear, gel-like polysaccharides. This review first introduced the definition of TEP in water treatment and the relationship between TEP and algal organic matter (AOM). Further, in the review, the authors attempt to offer a holistic view and critical analysis concerning the research on TEPs in source water reservoirs, water plants and membrane treatment processes. It was clearly demonstrated in this review that the formation of TEP in source water reservoirs is largely related to water quality and phytoplankton, and the seasonal water stratification may indirectly affect the formation of TEP. In the waterworks, the relationship between TEP and water treatment process is mutual and there is limited research on this relationship. Finally, the mechanism of TEP-induced membrane fouling and the effect of alleviating TEP-induced membrane fouling is discussed in this review. The TEP removed by ultrafiltration can be recombined after membrane, and the recombination mechanism may be an important way to reduce reverse osmosis membrane contamination.
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15
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Ren L, Yu S, Yang H, Li L, Cai L, Xia Q, Shi Z, Liu G. Chemical cleaning reagent of sodium hypochlorite eroding polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes: Aging pathway, performance decay and molecular mechanism. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Liu J, Chen K, Zou K, He L, Zhao D, Wang Z, Qiu Y, Chen Y. Insights into the roles of membrane pore size and feed foulant concentration in ultrafiltration membrane fouling based on collision-attachment theory. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:516-523. [PMID: 32892420 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane property and feed characteristics play critical roles in membrane fouling. This paper aims to clarify the roles of membrane pore size (φ) and feed foulant concentration (Cb ) in ultrafiltration fouling induced by polysaccharides. The fouling behaviors were expounded by collision-attachment theory, where the rate of membrane fouling is mainly determined by collision frequency (JCb ) and attachment efficiency (γ). At the initial fouling stage, rapid flux decline was observed at large φ or high Cb due to the great JCb and/or γ. At the later fouling stage, there existed a nearly identical maximum stable flux attributing to the same JCb and γ, which was independent of φ and Cb . Moreover, the smaller φ can lead to less foulants passed through the membrane and thus more foulants attaching on the membrane, while the higher Cb can give rise to more foulants on both the membrane surface and in the permeate. The results presented in current study provide fundamental basis in understanding membrane fouling. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Collision-attachment theory was employed to expound the UF fouling behavior. Rapid flux decline occurred at large membrane pore size or high feed foulant concentration in the initial fouling stage. Membranes with different pore size or feed foulant concentration had an identical flux at the latter fouling stage. Lowering membrane pore size or increasing feed foulant concentration can lead to more foulants attaching on the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangbing Zou
- Guangzhou Water Affairs Engineering Co., LTD., Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjuan He
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongting Qiu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Roles of a mixed hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface in the regulation of nanofiltration membrane fouling in oily produced wastewater treatment: Performance and interfacial thermodynamic mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Effect of pH on anionic polyacrylamide adhesion: New insights into membrane fouling based on XDLVO analysis. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Wang N, Zhao Q, Li Q, Zhang G, Huang Y. Degradation of polyacrylamide in an ultrasonic-Fenton-like process using an acid-modified coal fly ash catalyst. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Zhang B, Zhang R, Huang D, Shen Y, Gao X, Shi W. Membrane fouling in microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding oilfield wastewater: Effect of interactions of key foulants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Tang J, Jia H, Mu S, Gao F, Qin Q, Wang J. Characterizing synergistic effect of coagulant aid and membrane fouling during coagulation-ultrafiltration via in-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115477. [PMID: 31945650 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The polymer coagulant aid can effectively enhance the coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process for the purification of drinking water. However, when coagulant aid entered the filtration, it may also cause serious membrane fouling as polymer. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were applied to monitor the effects of coagulant aids on the membrane. The causes of fouling were assisted discussed through stage cleaning of the membrane. The equivalent circuit fitting was performed on the EIS data and the Raman spectral data were statistically analyzed after peak fitting. EIS and the cluster analysis of Raman spectroscopy provided an earlier feedback on membrane fouling layers compared to flux. The cause of membrane fouling was explained via variation of characteristic functional groups obtained by Raman spectroscopy. When the molecular weight of the coagulant aid was 160 times,80 times and 16 times larger than the MWCO of the UF membrane, the equivalent circuit obtained by fitting the EIS of the UF system satisfied Rs + c(QpRp), Rs(QcRc)(QpRp) and Rs(Qt(Rc(QpRp))) respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the corresponding factors causing irreversible fouling of membrane were humic acid(HA), HA and coagulant aids, coagulant aids. Combined with the mean roughness (Ra) of membrane, the coagulant aid performed differently in the cleaning of contaminated membrane and also affected the cleaning of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Situ Mu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Qingwen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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22
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Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhang J, Qiao S, Fan Z, Wan J, Chen K. Well-defined 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and their adsorption performance for partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide from aqueous solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Xia Q, Qiu L, Yu S, Yang H, Li L, Ye Y, Gu Z, Ren L, Liu G. Effects of Alkaline Cleaning on the Conversion and Transformation of Functional Groups on Ion-Exchange Membranes in Polymer-Flooding Wastewater Treatment: Desalination Performance, Fouling Behavior, and Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14430-14440. [PMID: 31738527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aging effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on ion-exchange membranes were systematically studied, including the membrane properties, desalination performance, and fouling behaviors. After aging in NaOH solution, there were minor changes in the cation-exchange membrane (CEM) properties; however, functional groups (i.e., quaternary amines) on the anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) were converted into benzylic alcohol, alkene, and tertiary amines, respectively, by nucleophilic substitution, Hofmann elimination, and ylide formation. These degradations rendered decreased ion-exchange capacity (IEC), increased electrical resistance, lost hydrophilicity, and weakened mechanical strength. Moreover, severe deteriorations of desalination performance were observed due to the little ion-exchange ability of the degraded AEMs. The desalination rates were restored after cultivating the aged AEMs in acid solution, mainly because the tertiary amines transformed from the hydroxide form (OH-form) to the ionic chlorine form (Cl-form). The restored desalination rates indicated that the main degradation products were tertiary amines. In addition, the antifouling performance decreased in the order of aged OH-form > aged Cl-form > original AEMs due to the reduction of foulant-membrane intermolecular interactions after aging in NaOH solution. The results contribute to establishing a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of alkaline cleaning on IEMs and provide new insights into cleaning-process optimization and membrane modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Liping Qiu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Shuili Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Interfacial Water Division & Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , PO Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Yubing Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Liumo Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Guicai Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
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24
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Deemer EM, Capt T, Owoseni O, Akter T, Walker WS. Hypochlorite Resistant Graphene Oxide Incorporated Ultrafiltration Membranes with High Sustainable Flux. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Deemer
- Department of Materials Science, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Tallen Capt
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Oluwaseye Owoseni
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Tahmina Akter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - W. Shane Walker
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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25
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Zhao D, Qiu L, Song J, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Liu G. Efficiencies and mechanisms of chemical cleaning agents for nanofiltration membranes used in produced wastewater desalination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:256-266. [PMID: 30366326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A spiral-wound nanofiltration (NF) membrane module harvested from a full-scale produced wastewater desalination plant was examined and cleaned to explore appropriate chemical cleaning protocols. Foulant identification and cleaning efficiency and mechanisms were investigated. For total foulants, the organic components, including anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and crude oil, accounted for a weight percentage of 86.3%, while the remaining foulants constituted the inorganic fraction, including Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Al, Fe and Si. Short-term cleaning experiments were designed to identify effective reagents that could be used for further evaluations of their cleaning efficiencies in long-term cleaning. For citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium (EDTA-4Na), the long-term cleaning efficiencies were relatively slight or even negative, while said values varied with different surfactants. Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) achieved the greatest flux recovery; conversely, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) provided insignificant, even negative effects, on flux recovery, as well as salt rejection, of the fouled NF membranes. FTIR and zeta potential analyses of the fouled membranes indicated that all the tested surfactants were identically effective in removing the foulants from the membrane surface, but their cleaning efficiencies differed. Moreover, a strong correlation between the flux ratio (Sf) and concentration of surfactant in the permeate (Cps) was observed. Among the tested chemical reagents, DTAC yielded the highest Cps and the greatest flux recovery, with an Sf of 2.25. Considering this correlation and the characteristics of the fouled membranes and surfactants, it is proposed that DTAC molecules penetrated the membrane pores and removed the foulants that were attached to the pore walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiyu Song
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Youbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guicai Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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26
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Xu W, Chen Y, Liang H, Sang G, Wei D, Wang D, Du B. A comparison study of in-situ coagulation and magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) as pre-treatments for ultrafiltration: Evaluating effectiveness of organic matters removals and fouling mitigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:633-641. [PMID: 30292045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to compare the effectiveness of in-situ coagulation and MIEX as pre-treatments prior to ultrafiltration (UF) to improve organic matter (OM) removal and mitigate membrane fouling. Three kinds of OMs, i.e. salicylic acid (SA), humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were employed. The experimental results show that coagulation-UF led to most effective removal of HA (almost 90%), while the SA was uncoagulated and least removable, with the rejection rate of about 55%. Conversely, MIEX present superior ability for removing SA, contributing to additional efficiency of 71.95-77.21% than UF alone. Proper dosage of Al-based coagulants could alleviate flux loss, especially in the cases of HA and BSA. Increasing coagulant dose resulted in continuous decrement of irreversible resistance (Rir), which dominated the membrane fouling development by the SA water. For HA and BSA waters, alternatively, variations of Rr determined the flux declines. Floc compact degree was the decisive factor for Rr for coagulated SA; while for HA and BSA, Rr was most related to the floc size and foulant-foulant interaction. MIEX was most effective for alleviating flux loss when treating the hydrophilic SA with small molecules and for all the cases, MIEX exerted little influence on the Rr values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Yingying Chen
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huikai Liang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guoqing Sang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction &Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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27
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Zhao D, Su C, Liu G, Zhu Y, Gu Z. Performance and autopsy of nanofiltration membranes at an oil-field wastewater desalination plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2681-2690. [PMID: 30484043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the long-term operational performance of an on-site NF facility at a full-scale oil-field wastewater desalination plant was monitored. The NF facility with poor permeability due to membrane fouling enables efficient multivalent salt removal (rejections of Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ were approximately 100%). Moreover, a comparison of the cleaning efficiencies of two on-site cleaning modes indicated that PL-007 cleaning helped to improve the effectiveness of subsequent acid cleaning in the removal of inorganic foulants. Furthermore, a spiral-wound NF membrane module harvested from the plant was unfolded and autopsied. The results showed that both anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and crude oil were identified as the predominant organic matter on the membrane surface and collectively accounted for a substantial fraction (86.3%) in terms of dry weight. Additionally, dissolved organics with a high molecular weight were prone to accumulation on the membrane surface. Multivalent elements, including Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, and Si, were the primary inorganic species in the fouling layer. Among the inorganic elements, Si occupied a high proportion and existed in the form of SiO2 in the fouling layer. According to the autopsy results, organic fouling combined with inorganics was responsible for the decline in the flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Chang Su
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Guicai Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Youbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhengyang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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28
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Zhang B, Yu S, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Gao X, Shi W, Tay JH. Efficiencies and mechanisms of the chemical cleaning of fouled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes during the microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding oilfield wastewater. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36940-36950. [PMID: 35539090 PMCID: PMC9075129 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06745k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical cleaning of fouled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes with different reagents after the microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding oilfield wastewater was examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- National Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & New Environmental Materials
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- China
| | - Shuili Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Youbing Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & New Environmental Materials
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- China
| | - Xu Gao
- National Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & New Environmental Materials
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- China
| | - Joo Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary T2N 1N4
- Canada
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29
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Zhu Y, Yu S, Zhang B, Li J, Zhao D, Gu Z, Gong C, Liu G. Antifouling performance of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes during alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding wastewater treatment: Distinctions and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:988-998. [PMID: 29929150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding wastewater is highly caustic, and membrane fouling is the main obstacle during ASP ultrafiltration (UF) treatment. To maintain favorable filtration performance, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were implemented here, and their antifouling properties and mechanisms were investigated based on the threshold flux theory. Compared with the PVDF membranes, the PTFE membranes exhibited superior antifouling properties with lower reductions in flux and smaller hydraulic resistance, and they presented a nearly identical pseudo-stable fouling rate at a later time point. In the fouling layers of the PTFE and PVDF membranes, anion polyacrylamide (APAM) was observed along with divalent/trivalent metal ions. The thermodynamic and molecular mechanisms of membrane fouling by APAM were elucidated using the Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The calculated total interfacial free energy (mJ/m2) of adhesion between the APAM and PTFE membranes was positive, and the value between the APAM and PVDF membranes was negative. Furthermore, the values and interaction distances of the measured intermolecular rupture and approaching forces were larger for APAM-PTFE than for APAM-PVDF. For the PTFE membranes, the positive free energies and smaller intermolecular interaction resulted in weaker APAM-PTFE adhesion and adsorption and therefore the lower levels of flux decline and the later achievement of the pseudo-stable fouling rate. Additionally, the total flux recoveries observed after physical cleaning reached 0.78-0.80 and 0.32-0.39 for the PTFE and PVDF membranes, respectively, which showed that the PTFE membranes can be cleaned easily. The PTFE membranes have considerable potential for extensive application in UF treatments for ASP wastewater. These results should promote understanding the essence of the threshold flux and the fouling control of UF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbing Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuili Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Construction Technology, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhengyang Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guicai Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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30
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Role of ionic strength on protein fouling during ultrafiltration by synchronized UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Zhu R, Diaz AJ, Shen Y, Qi F, Chang X, Durkin DP, Sun Y, Solares SD, Shuai D. Mechanism of humic acid fouling in a photocatalytic membrane system. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Xiong B, Roman-White S, Piechowicz B, Miller Z, Farina B, Tasker T, Burgos W, Zydney AL, Kumar M. Polyacrylamide in hydraulic fracturing fluid causes severe membrane fouling during flowback water treatment. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Chao G, Shuili Y, Yufei S, Zhengyang G, Wangzhen Y, Liumo R. A Review of Ultrafiltration and Forward Osmosis:application and modification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/128/1/012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Liu J, Wang Z, Tang CY, Leckie JO. Modeling Dynamics of Colloidal Fouling of RO/NF Membranes with A Novel Collision-Attachment Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1471-1478. [PMID: 29313680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel collision-attachment approach for modeling the dynamics of colloidal fouling. The model treats fouling as a two-step process: colloidal particles colliding with a membrane surface followed by their attachment onto the surface. An attachment coefficient is adopted to describe the probability of successful foulant attachment for any given collision event, the value of which can be determined by the classical Boltzmann distribution. Our model shows excellent agreement with experimental data in terms of both the kinetics of flux decline and foulant mass deposition. Modeling results reveal the critical roles of water flux and energy barrier in governing colloidal fouling. Greater water flux or lower energy barrier can lead to a collision-controlled condition, where severe fouling occurs and nearly all collision events lead to successful foulant attachment. On the contrary, fouling is increasingly controlled by the probability of successful attachment at lower water flux and/or greater energy barrier. Our model provides deep insights into the various mechanisms governing the dynamics of colloidal fouling (i.e., concentration polarization, collision, and attachment) and the self-limiting fouling behavior under constant-pressure mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology , Room 507, Block 2, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology , Room 507, Block 2, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , HW619B, Haking Wong Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James O Leckie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Environmental and Energy Building, 473 Via Ortega, Room 261, Palo Alto, California 94305-4020, United States
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Chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes for polymer-flooding wastewater treatment: Efficiency and molecular mechanisms. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Si S, Yan Z, Gong Z, Liu P, Zhang Y, Xiang Y. Pilot study of oilfield wastewater treatment by micro-flocculation filtration process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:101-107. [PMID: 29339608 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet the latest Environmental Protection Law of China on wastewater discharge standards, this paper studied a pilot-scale micro-flocculation filtration pretreatment process for the treatment of oilfield wastewater. The experiment showed that the removal rate of oil and suspended solids (SS) respectively increased from 91.52% to 95.38% and from 66.42% to 97.19%. After the treatment by the micro-flocculation filtration device, the relevant characteristics of the discharge wastewater satisfied the latest standards continuously. Moreover, the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) dosage was reduced from 200 mg/L to 100 mg/L (50 mg/L in micro-flocculation device and 50 mg/L in the cyclone reactor) at the same time. In order to decrease the degree of scaling in the filter, ceramsite was chosen as the filter material instead of quartz sand that is widely applied in the oilfields. The scaling experiment showed that the HCO3-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the extract from quartz sand after the scaling study were increased by 38.05, 35.91 and 0.28 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the HCO3-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents in the extract from ceramsite were only increased by 13.14, 6.26 and 0.27 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, the ceramsite is not so prone to scaling as compared to quartz sand under identical test conditions, which avoided a hardened and impervious filter after operating for some time. These results suggest that the micro-flocculation filtration with the ceramsite as filter media is a suitable pretreatment process for the oilfield wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Si
- Experimental Detection Research Institute, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China E-mail:
| | - Zhong Yan
- Experimental Detection Research Institute, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China E-mail:
| | - Zhaobo Gong
- Experimental Detection Research Institute, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China E-mail:
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Experimental Detection Research Institute, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China E-mail:
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Experimental Detection Research Institute, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China E-mail:
| | - Yu Xiang
- Chemical Engineering Specialty of Science College, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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Xia Q, Guo H, Ye Y, Yu S, Li L, Li Q, Zhang R. Study on the fouling mechanism and cleaning method in the treatment of polymer flooding produced water with ion exchange membranes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29947-29957. [PMID: 35547317 PMCID: PMC9085249 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05575k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interactions between organic and inorganic foulants in polymer flooding produced water (PFPW) play a significant role in membrane fouling characteristics during the treatment processes with ion-exchange membranes (IEMs). In order to ensure the desalination capacity of IEMs during electrodialysis, this work systematically investigated the fouling mechanism and cleaning properties with different synthetic solutions as feed water. The results demonstrated that the desalination rates of the IEMs decreased by 39.73%, 43.05%, 45.81% and 52.72% when fouled by HPAM, HPAM-inorganic (i.e., CaCl2 and NaHCO3), oil emulsions and oil–HPAM-inorganic, respectively. The results of membrane resistances and SEM images indicated that organic foulant (i.e., HPAM) and inorganic components have a synergistic effect on the fouling of IEMs. The membrane cleaning method using acid–base-sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was proposed here to recover the performance of the IEMs after being fouled by feed solution containing oil–HPAM-inorganic compounds. The desalination rate of the IEMs after membrane cleaning increased from 39.62% to 81.39%. This indicated that the acid–base cleaning alone eliminated the inorganic precipitation and gel layer, and the subsequent SDBS cleaning removed the dominant oil emulsion layer. The fouling and cleaning mechanism of ion exchange membranes in polymer flooding produced water treatment were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Haicheng Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yubing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Shuili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- Belgium
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38
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Fouling behaviour of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating low-strength wastewater at room temperature. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Chen J, Lin H, Shen L, He Y, Zhang M, Liao BQ. Realization of quantifying interfacial interactions between a randomly rough membrane surface and a foulant particle. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 226:220-228. [PMID: 28002782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of interfacial interaction with randomly rough surface is the prerequisite to quantitatively understand and control the interface behaviors such as adhesion, flocculation and membrane fouling. In this study, it was found that membrane surface was randomly rough with obvious fractal characteristics. The randomly rough surface of membrane could be well reconstructed by the fractal geometry represented by a modified Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function. A novel method, which combined composite Simpson's approach, surface element integration method and approximation by computer programming, was developed. By using this method, this study provided the first realization of quantifying interfacial energy between randomly rough surface of membrane and a foulant particle. The calculated interactions with randomly rough surface of membrane were significantly different from those with smooth surface of membrane, indicating the significant effect of surface topography on interactions. This proposed method could be also potentially used to investigate various natural interface environmental phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Yiming He
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
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40
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Zhao L, Yang L, Lin H, Zhang M, Yu H, Liao BQ, Wang F, Zhou X, Li R. Modeling three-dimensional surface morphology of biocake layer in a membrane bioreactor based on fractal geometry. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:478-484. [PMID: 27764740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While the adsorptive fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is highly dependent of the surface morphology, little progress has been made on modeling biocake layer surface morphology. In this study, a novel method, which combined static light scattering method for fractal dimension (Df) measurement with fractal method represented by the modified two-variable Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function, was proposed to model biocake layer surface in a MBR. Characterization by atomic force microscopy showed that the biocake surface was stochastic, disorder, self-similarity, and with non-integer dimension, illustrating obvious fractal features. Fractal dimension (Df) of sludge suspension experienced a significant change with operation of the MBR. The constructed biocake layer surface by the proposed method was quite close to the real surface, showing the feasibility of the proposed method. It was found that Df was the critical factor affecting surface morphology, while other factors exerted moderate or minor effects on the roughness of biocake layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Lining Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Meijia Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
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41
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Yu G, Teng Y, Lai W, Yin C. The preparation and study of cellulose carbamates and their regenerated membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1155-1160. [PMID: 27667540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Using wood pulps with the average degree of polymerization 300-350 and urea as raw materials, cellulose carbamates were successfully synthesized by esterification reaction in N, N-dimethylacetamide(DMAc), an inexpensive, high boiling aprotic and polar solvent, for the purpose of improving the solubility of cellulose, reducing costs and environmental pollution. The products were dissolved in 9% sodium hydroxide solution at a low temperature after washing and drying and the cellulose carbamates solutions were obtained. The solutions were uniformly casted on a glass support after degassing. The regenerated cellulose membranes (CMs) were prepared by immersing the support in coagulation bath for some minutes. The structures of cellulose carbamates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (13C NMR), Thermal gravimetric analysis(TG), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD). The filtration performances of CMs were tested. The results reveal that part groups of cellulose were substituted by amino in the medium, the cellulose carbamates were prepared with the reducing crystallinity and thermal decomposition temperature. The CMs have good separation performance for methylene blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Yu
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, TianJin Polytechnic University, TianJin 300387, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, TianJin Polytechnic University, TianJin 300387, China
| | - Weidong Lai
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, TianJin Polytechnic University, TianJin 300387, China
| | - Cuiyu Yin
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, TianJin Polytechnic University, TianJin 300387, China.
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42
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Zhao M, Xu Y, Zhang C, Rong H, Zeng G. New trends in removing heavy metals from wastewater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6509-6518. [PMID: 27318819 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of researches, the treatments of wastewater have reached a certain level. Whereas, heavy metals in wastewater cause special concern in recent times due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. Therefore, it is important to get rid of the heavy metals in wastewater. The previous studies have provided many alternative processes in removing heavy metals from wastewater. This paper reviews the recent developments and various methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. It also evaluates the advantages and limitations in application of these techniques. A particular focus is given to innovative removal processes including adsorption on abiological adsorbents, biosorption, and photocatalysis. Because these processes have leaded the new trends and attracted more and more researches in removing heavy metals from wastewater due to their high efficency, pluripotency and availability in a copious amount. In general, the applicability, characteristic of wastewater, cost-effectiveness, and plant simplicity are the key factors in selecting the most suitable method for the contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Hongwei Rong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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