1
|
Xiao M, Li P, Lu Y, Cao J, Yan H. Development of a three-dimensional porous ionic liquid-chitosan-graphene oxide aerogel for efficient extraction and detection of polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediment samples. Talanta 2024; 271:125711. [PMID: 38290266 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The three-dimensional porous ionic liquid-chitosan-graphene oxide aerogel (IL-CS-GOA) monolithic adsorbent with a through-hole structure was prepared using natural chitosan (CS) as the skeletal framework, graphene oxide (GO) as the support to provide mechanical strength, and ionic liquid (IL) as the porogen and modifier. The resulting IL-CS-GOA demonstrated a fluffy and porous structure with various pore sizes and excellent regeneration capability (over six cycles). Its specific surface area exceeded that of CS-GOA and IL-GOA by more than 7 times, enhancing its polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) adsorption capacity. Within 5 min, IL-CS-GOA (1.0 mg) exhibited adsorption amounts of 539 ng mg-1 for 3-bromocarbazole (3-BCZ), 716 ng mg-1 for 2,7-dibromocarbazole (2,7-BCZ), and 798 ng mg-1 for 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1,3,6,8-BCZ), showcasing its rapid mass transfer and high adsorption capabilities. IL-CS-GOA was utilized as the adsorbent for glass dropper extraction (GDE) in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), to develop a highly efficient and accurate method for determining PHCZs in sediments. Under optimal conditions, the established method exhibited a wide linear range (0.4-250 ng g-1, r ≥ 0.9990), low detection limits (0.04-0.24 ng g-1), and satisfactory recoveries (80.5 %-93.8 %), enabling the accurate and rapid detection of PHCZs in sediment samples. This study presents a novel approach for creating three-dimensional porous aerogels, introduces a new form of sample pretreatment using GDE with a monolithic adsorbent, and offers a new method for the determination of PHCZs in environmental matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yanke Lu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Jiankun Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Public Health, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang M, Hou C, Zhang Q, Yao D, Hu S, Wang G, Gao S. Tissue-specific accumulation, depuration and histopathological effects of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole and 2,7-dibromocarbazole in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106803. [PMID: 38103395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Although polyhalogenated carbazoles have been detected with increasing frequency in aquatic ecosystems, their bioaccumulation in fish and corresponding pathological effects related to bioaccumulation are still unclear. Here, we investigated the tissue-specific accumulation, depuration, and histopathological effects of two typical PHCZs, 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ) and 2,7-dibromocarbazole (27-BCZ), in adult zebrafish at three levels (0, 0.15 μg/L (5 × environmentally relevant level), and 50 μg/L (1/10 LC50). The lowest concentrations of 36-CCZ (1.2 μg/g ww) and 27-BCZ (1.4 μg/g ww) were observed in muscle, and the greatest concentrations of 36-CCZ (3.6 μg/g ww) and 27-BCZ (4 μg/g ww) were detected in intestine among the tested tissues. BCFww of 36-CCZ and 27-BCZ in zebrafish ranged from 172.9 (muscle) to 606.6 (intestine) and 285.2 (muscle) to 987.5 (intestine), respectively, indicating that both 36-CCZ and 27-BCZ have high potential of bioaccumulation in aquatic system. The 0.15 μg/L level of 36-CCZ or 27-BCZ caused lipid accumulation in liver, while 50 μg/L of 36-CCZ or 27-BCZ induced liver lesions such as fibrous septa, cytolysis, and nuclear dissolution. Brain damage such as multinucleated cells and nuclear solidification were only observed at 50 μg/L of 27-BCZ. This study provided valuable information in assessing the health and ecological risks of 36-CCZ and 27-BCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Cunchuang Hou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Dunfan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Shengchao Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia Y, Cheng J, Sun H, Wang M, Zhang R, Xue Y, He S, Liu K, Shi L, Lou Y. Sediment-water distribution and potential sources of polyhalogenated carbazoles in a coastal river locating at a north metropolis, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114790. [PMID: 36905865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fate and transformation of PHCZs in the coastal river environment are not yet comprehensively understood. Paired river water and surface sediment were collected, and 12 PHCZs were analyzed to find out their potential sources and investigate the distribution of PHCZs between river water and sediment. The concentration of ∑PHCZs varied from 8.66 to 42.97 ng/g (mean 22.46 ng/g) in sediment and 17.91 to 81.82 ng/L (mean 39.07 ng/L) in river water. 18-B-36-CCZ was the dominant PHCZ congener in sediment, while 36-CCZ was in water. Meanwhile, the logKoc values for CZ and PHCZs were among the first calculated in the estuary and the mean logKoc varied from 4.12 for 1-B-36-CCZ to 5.63 for 3-CCZ. The logKoc values of CCZs were higher than those of BCZs, this may suggest that sediments have a higher capacity for accumulation and storage of CCZs than highly mobile environmental media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongfei Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruxue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunfeng Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuyue He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kezhong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yinghua Lou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong Y, Yang D, Barrett H, Sun J, Peng H. Building the Environmental Chemical-Protein Interaction Network (eCPIN): An Exposome-Wide Strategy for Bioactive Chemical Contaminant Identification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3486-3495. [PMID: 36827403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although advancements in nontargeted analysis have made it possible to detect hundreds of chemical contaminants in a single run, the current environmental toxicology approaches lag behind, precluding the transition from analytical chemistry efforts to health risk assessment. We herein highlighted a recently developed "top-down" bioanalytical method, protein Affinity Purification with Nontargeted Analysis (APNA), to screen for bioactive chemical contaminants at the "exposome-wide" level. To achieve this, a tagged functional protein is employed as a "bait" to directly isolate bioactive chemical contaminants from environmental mixtures, which are further identified by nontargeted analysis. Advantages of this protein-guided approach, including the discovery of new bioactive ligands as well as new protein targets for known chemical contaminants, were highlighted by several case studies. Encouraged by these successful applications, we further proposed a framework, i.e., the environmental Chemical-Protein Interaction Network (eCPIN), to construct a complete map of the 7 billion binary interactions between all chemical contaminants (>350,000) and human proteins (∼20,000) via APNA. The eCPIN could be established in three stages through strategically prioritizing the ∼20,000 human proteins, such as focusing on the 48 nuclear receptors (e.g., thyroid hormone receptors) in the first stage. The eCPIN will provide an unprecedented throughput for screening bioactive chemical contaminants at the exposome-wide level and facilitate the identification of molecular initiating events at the proteome-wide level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Diwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aqueous Geochemical Controls on the Sestonic Microbial Community in Lakes Michigan and Superior. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020504. [PMID: 36838469 PMCID: PMC9963676 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being the largest freshwater lake system in the world, relatively little is known about the sestonic microbial community structure in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The goal of this research was to better understand this ecosystem using high-throughput sequencing of microbial communities as a function of water depth at six locations in the westernmost Great Lakes of Superior and Michigan. The water column was characterized by gradients in temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and other physicochemical parameters with depth. Mean nitrate concentrations were 32 μmol/L, with only slight variation within and between the lakes, and with depth. Mean available phosphorus was 0.07 μmol/L, resulting in relatively large N:P ratios (97:1) indicative of P limitation. Abundances of the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, and Verrucomicrobia differed significantly among the Lakes. Candidatus Nitrosopumilus was present in greater abundance in Lake Superior compared to Lake Michigan, suggesting the importance of ammonia-oxidating archaea in water column N cycling in Lake Superior. The Shannon diversity index was negatively correlated with pH, temperature, and salinity, and positively correlated with DO, latitude, and N2 saturation. Results of this study suggest that DO, pH, temperature, and salinity were major drivers shaping the community composition in the Great Lakes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chou L, Zhou C, Luo W, Guo J, Shen Y, Lin D, Wang C, Yu H, Zhang X, Wei S, Shi W. Identification of high-concern organic pollutants in tap waters from the Yangtze River in China based on combined screening strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159416. [PMID: 36244484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, numerous organic pollutants have been detected in water environment. The safety of our drinking water has attracted widespread attention. Effective methods to screen and identify high-concern substances are urgently needed. In this study, the combined workflow for the detection and identification of high-concern organic chemicals was established and applied to tap water samples from the Yangtze River Basin. The solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were compared and evaluated and finally the HLB cartridge was selected as the best one for most of the contaminants. Based on target, suspect and non-target analysis, 3023 chemicals/peaks were detected. Thirteen substances such as diundecyl phthalate (DUP), 2-hydroxyatrazine, dioxoaminopyrine and diethyl-2-phenylacetamide were detected in drinking water in the Yangtze River Basin for the very first time. Based on three kinds of prioritization principles, 49 ubiquitous, 103 characteristic chemicals and 13 inefficiently removed chemicals were selected as high-concern substances. Among them, 8, 31, 9, 3, 4 substances overlapped with the toxic, risky or high-concern chemicals lists in China, America, European Union, Japan, Korea, respectively. Specific management and removal strategies were further recommended. The workflow is efficient for identification of key pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liben Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengzhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenrui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yanhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Die Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang C, Chen G, Liang Y, Liao J, Lin H, Huang C, Zeng Y, Luo X, Peng X, Mai B. Nontarget analysis and comprehensive characterization of halogenated organic pollutants by GC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS in association with chromatogram segmentation and Cl/Br-specific screening algorithms. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1222:340171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
8
|
Xu T, Hu X, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Yu S, Chen G, Li Y, Sha R, Chen Y, Xie HQ, Guo TL, Xu L, Zhao B. HIF-1alpha/VEGF pathway mediates 1,3,6,8-tetrabromo-9 H-carbazole-induced angiogenesis: a potential vascular toxicity of an emerging contaminant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128718. [PMID: 35338935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dioxin-like substances polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) may trigger the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. Although the crosstalk between AhR and the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathways is generally believed to occur, the exact mechanisms of the HIF-1 pathway in PHCZ toxicity have not been determined. We aimed to elucidate the effect of PHCZs on the HIF-1 pathway and its involvement in the regulation of target genes of HIF-1. Herein, we employed human HepG2 cells transiently transfected with a hypoxia response element (HRE) luciferase reporter to identify PHCZs that could influence HIF-1 pathway. We found that exposure to one of the four selected PHCZs, specifically 1,3,6,8-tetrabromo-9 H-carbazole (1368-BCZ), induced a significant enhancement of the activity of HRE activity. In silico data supported 1368-BCZ-induced HIF-1α activity preferentially. Moreover, 1368-BCZ significantly upregulated the expression of HIF-1 target genes, including endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin. Importantly, the stimulated secretion of VEGF by 1368-BCZ promoted the angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, the present experimental and computational studies provide new and direct evidence of 1368-BCZ - HIF-1 interaction, which sheds light on the HIF-mediated cardiovascular toxicity and allows a knowledge-based risk assessment of emerging pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Environment and Health Department, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- Environment and Health Department, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunping Li
- School of environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Rui Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-0002, USA
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang K, Zhu X, Liu Z, Wang J, Chen B. Occurrence and transformation of unknown organochlorines in the wastewater treatment plant using specific Fragment-Based method with LC Q-TOF MS. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118372. [PMID: 35378449 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important point sources of organochlorines in surface waters. However, comprehensive molecular-level understanding of the occurrence and transformation of organochlorines in WWTPs remains elusive. In this study, a specific fragment-based screening method with SWATH of LC Q-TOF MS was established to better understand the molecular composition of organochlorines. This method effectively excludes the non-chlorinated signals and provides multi-dimensional information (e.g., retention time, precursor ion mass, product ions, and molecular formula) with one injection to identify the possible structures of organochlorines. Eighty-seven organochlorines were successfully screened in practical wastewater samples, where 8 chlorinated sulfonic acids, 4 chlorophenols, 4 chlorinated benzenediols, and 6 chlorinated benzoic acids were further (tentatively) identified. Relative abundance of organochlorines showed that their occurrence was associated with the treatment units. In particular, anaerobic biological and NaClO treatment units contributed to the formation of chlorinated by-products. Most chlorinated by-products were substituted with more chlorine atoms than organochlorines from the influent. Furthermore, the relative abundance indicated that the fate of organochlorines were related to their structures. Chlorinated benzene sulfonic acids would be removed by adsorption on activated sludge. Most chlorinated benzoic acids were refractory, but some were likely to be chlorinated during the anaerobic process. Chlorophenols and chlorinated benzenediols might undergo chlorination, dealkylation/C-O bond breakage, and bromination. Our study offers a new tool to gain molecular information on organochlorines in complex environmental samples and highlights the importance of molecular structures when evaluating the fate of organochlorines and managing effluent discharge to surrounding waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengzheng Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma Y, Stubbings WA, Abdallah MAE, Cline-Cole R, Harrad S. Formal waste treatment facilities as a source of halogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters to the environment: A critical review with particular focus on outdoor air and soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150747. [PMID: 34619188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) has generated great concern about their adverse effects on environmental and ecological safety and human health. As well as emissions during use of products containing such chemicals, there are mounting concerns over emissions when such products reach the waste stream. Here, we review the available data on contamination with HFRs and OPEs arising from formal waste treatment facilities (including but not limited to e-waste recycling, landfill, and incinerators). Evidence of the transfer of HFRs and OPEs from products to the environment shows that it occurs via mechanisms such as: volatilisation, abrasion, and leaching. Higher contaminant vapour pressure, increased temperature, and elevated concentrations of HFRs and OPEs in products contribute greatly to their emissions to air, with highest emission rates usually observed in the early stages of test chamber experiments. Abrasion of particles and fibres from products is ubiquitous and likely to contribute to elevated FR concentrations in soil. Leaching to aqueous media of brominated FRs (BFRs) is likely to be a second-order process, with elevated dissolved humic matter and temperature of leaching fluids likely to facilitate such emissions. However, leaching characteristics of OPEs are less well-understood and require further investigation. Data on the occurrence of HFRs and OPEs in outdoor air and soil in the vicinity of formal e-waste treatment facilities suggests such facilities exert a considerable impact. Waste dumpsites and landfills constitute a potential source of HFRs and OPEs to soil, and improper management of waste disposal might also contribute to HFR contamination in ambient air. Current evidence suggests minimal impact of waste incineration plants on BFR contamination in outdoor air and soil, but further investigation is required to confirm this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ma
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - William A Stubbings
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Reginald Cline-Cole
- Department of African Studies & Anthropology, School of History and Cultures, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun J, Barrett H, Hall DR, Kutarna S, Wu X, Wang Y, Peng H. Ecological Role of 6OH-BDE47: Is It a Chemical Offense Molecule Mediated by Enoyl-ACP Reductases? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:451-459. [PMID: 34914355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs) are among the most abundant natural organobromine compounds, the fundamental biological rationale for marine organisms to produce OH-BDEs remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrated that natural OH-BDEs exerted strong antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli by inhibiting enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (FabI), while anthropogenic OH-BDEs were inactive. Distinct from E. coli, OH-BDE-producing marine γ-proteobacteria including Marinomonas mediterranea MMB-1 (MMB-1) and Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea 2ta16 (Pl2ta16) exhibited resistance to 6OH-BDE47. An alternative enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] (ACP) reductase, FabV, was detected in all three OH-BDE-producing marine γ-proteobacteria. Thermal stability and protein affinity purification studies revealed that 6OH-BDE47 did not bind to recombinant or endogenous FabV of MMB-1 or Pl2ta16, demonstrating that FabV was the primary mechanism for OH-BDE-producing marine γ-proteobacteria to be resistant to 6OH-BDE47. To further confirm if the laboratory results were evidenced in the field, the 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics data from seven field-collected marine sponges were analyzed. Notably, the two Clade 4 sponges containing high concentrations of 6OH-BDE47 exhibited a distinct microbiome community structure compared to the other analyzed clades. Correspondingly, FabV was found to be selectively enriched in the same Clade 4 sponges. The merged evidence from the laboratory experiments and field studies demonstrated that 6OH-BDE47 may act as a chemical offense molecule in marine sponges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - David Ross Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Steven Kutarna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 70A3317, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang X, Zheng Q, He M, Chen B, Hu B. Bromine and iodine species in drinking water supply system along the Changjiang River in China: Occurrence and transformation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117401. [PMID: 34252864 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bromine (Br) and iodine (I) in source water can form highly toxic brominated or iodinated disinfection byproducts in treatment plants. For the first time, the occurrence of Br and I speciation and their proportion, transformation in the drinking water supply system along the Changjiang River were investigated. 96 water samples were collected from eight drinking water treatment plants under conditions of low, normal, and flood water regimes. Total Br (TBr) and total I (TI) concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and inorganic Br/I forms (bromide, bromate, iodide, and iodate) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ICPMS. Concentrations of organic Br/I were calculated as the difference between total Br/I and inorganic Br/I. Water regimes had different effect on Br and I species, and there were different rules in untreated and treated water samples. Apparent increase of TBr and TI concentrations after water treatment were observed, which indicated the possibility of Br/I introduction by chlorine-containing disinfectant. The occurrence of TBr, TI, bromide, and total organic I in the river were investigated to increase with the direction of flow. In addition, TBr and TI concentrations correlated with the concentrations of artificial sweeteners (e.g., acesulfame and sucralose, a kind of wastewater indicator), suggesting the influence of domestic sewage on Br and I in the river. In untreated water, bromide was the main Br species, and after treatment more than 50% was transformed into organic Br. Iodoorganics were the majority of I species in raw water and were partly transformed into iodate after treatment. Overall, the Br/I species have accumulation potential in the Changjiang River and organic forms occupy high proportion in treated water samples, which should be paid more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cha J, Hong S, Lee J, Gwak J, Kim M, Kim T, Hur J, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Novel polar AhR-active chemicals detected in sediments of an industrial area using effect-directed analysis based on in vitro bioassays with full-scan high resolution mass spectrometric screening. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146566. [PMID: 34030261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in the environment typically focus on non- and mid-polar substances, such as PAHs; while, information on polar AhR agonists remains limited. Here, we identified polar AhR agonists in sediments collected from the inland creeks of an industrialized area (Lake Sihwa, Korea) using effect-directed analysis combined with full-scan screening analysis (FSA; using LC-QTOFMS). Strong AhR-mediated potencies were observed for the polar and latter fractions of RP-HPLC (F3.5-F3.8) from sediment organic extracts in the H4IIE-luc in vitro bioassays. FSA was performed on the corresponding fractions. Twenty-eight tentative AhR agonists were chosen using a five-step process. Toxicological confirmation using bioassay revealed that canrenone, rutaecarpine, ciprofloxacin, mepanipyrim, genistein, protopine, hydrocortisone, and medroxyprogesterone were significantly active. The relative potencies of these AhR-active compounds compared to that of benzo[a]pyrene ranged from 0.00002 to 2.0. Potency balance analysis showed that polar AhR agonists explained, on average, ~6% of total AhR-mediated potencies in samples. Some novel polar AhR agonists also exhibited endocrine-disrupting potentials capable of binding to estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors, as identified by QSAR modeling. In conclusion, the focused studies on distributions, sources, fate, and ecotoxicological effects of novel polar AhR agonists in the environment are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Cha
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Gwak
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungi Kim
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Renaguli A, Fernando S, Hopke PK, Holsen TM, Crimmins BS. Nontargeted Screening of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Fish Fillet Tissues from the Great Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15035-15045. [PMID: 33167618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish have been used for decades as bioindicators for assessing toxic contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Routine environmental monitoring programs target predetermined compounds that do not reflect the complete exposure of chemicals to biota and do not provide the complete halogenated fingerprint of the biota. In the current work, a nontargeted screening method was developed using a two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer and was applied to 149 edible fish fillets from different species in the Great Lakes to characterize a more robust set of halogenated organic compounds across species and among lakes. Lake Ontario had the largest number of novel halogenated organic compounds (NHOCs). Seven NHOCs were observed in species from all lakes, indicating that this regional signature was not species-dependent. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed identical NHOC profiles between bottom dwelling and pelagic species. The NHOCs were grouped into seven clusters with similar structures and potentially similar environmental behaviors. Seven of the 29 NHOCs likely containing methoxy or ethoxy groups on a benzene or benzene-methanol backbone were clustered into one group with similar retention times. Five NHOCs were clustered with legacy contaminants that likely have similar structures or are their degradation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikebaier Renaguli
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Sujan Fernando
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- AEACS, LLC, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Robson M, Jobst K, Pena-Abaurrea M, Muscalu A, Chaudhuri S, Marvin C, Brindle ID, Reiner EJ, Helm P. Halogenated organic contaminants of concern in urban-influenced waters of Lake Ontario, Canada: Passive sampling with targeted and non-targeted screening. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114733. [PMID: 32417577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Passive samplers are useful tools for monitoring hydrophobic, persistent, and potentially bioaccumulative contaminants in the environment. In this study, low density polyethylene passive samplers were deployed in urban-influenced and background nearshore freshwaters of northwestern Lake Ontario and analyzed for a broad range of both legacy halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs). Non-targeted analysis was conducted for screening additional halogenated substances. For most compounds, concentrations were greatest in the industrialized Hamilton Harbour and more generally at sites that have stronger influences of wastewater effluent discharges and stormwater run-off through rivers and creeks. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remain the dominant class of HOCs in water, with dissolved-phase concentrations ranging from 10 to 4100 pg/L (ΣPCBs), followed by polybrominated diphenylethers (ΣPBDEs; 14-960 pg/L) and the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; 22-290 pg/L). Several non-PBDE brominated flame retardants (nBFRs) and chlorinated Dechlorane-related compounds were detected, with hexabromocyclododecanes (ΣHBCDD; sum of 3 diastereoisomers) the most abundant (1.0-21 pg/L). Non-targeted screening of samples by high resolution mass spectrometry using Kendrick mass defect plots for data analysis indicated that several other halogenated compounds were present in waters at relatively high abundances compared to the flame retardants, based on semi-quantitative estimates. These included methyl-triclosan, four halogenated anisoles (2,4,6-tribromoanisole, dimethyl-trichloroanisole, pentachloroanisole, and pentachlorothioanisole), and pentachloro-aniline. Dissolved-phase methyl-triclosan was estimated to contribute up to approximately 40% of the summed target HOC concentrations. Polyethylene passive samplers provided an excellent medium for both non-targeted screening of HOCs not currently included in monitoring programs and tracking brominated and chlorinated chemicals slated for reductions in uses and emissions through international (Stockholm Convention) and binational (Great Lakes) agreements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhang
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada.
| | - Matthew Robson
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Miren Pena-Abaurrea
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alina Muscalu
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sri Chaudhuri
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Chris Marvin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Ian D Brindle
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Helm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; School for the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yue S, Zhang T, Shen Q, Song Q, Ji C, Chen Y, Mao M, Kong Y, Chen D, Liu J, Sun Z, Zhao M. Assessment of endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs): In vitro, in silico, and in vivo evidence. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105729. [PMID: 32344252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are an emerging class of persistent, bioaccumulative compounds that are structurally and chemically related to dioxins. They have been detected widely in sediment, river, and soil samples, but their environmental risks are largely unknown. Therefore, seven common PHCZs were tested for their endocrine disrupting potential in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect receptor-mediated (agonist or antagonistic) activity (concentration range: 10-9-10-5 M) against the estrogen receptor α (ERα), glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The alterations in the steroidogenesis pathway were investigated in H295R cells. Antagonistic effects against GRα were observed with five PHCZs, along with an increase in the cortisol levels of H295R cells. The most common effect observed was that of the agonistic activity of ERα, with the molecular docking analysis further indicating that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions may stabilize the interaction between PHCZs and the estrogen receptor binding pocket. In addition, a seven-day exposure of young female rats to three PHCZs (27-BCZ, 3-BCZ, and 36-BCZ) resulted in changes in serum E2 levels, uterine epithelium cell heights, and relative uterus weights. In conclusion, endocrine-disrupting effects, especially the estrogenic effects, were observed for the tested PHCZs. Such adverse effects of PHCZs on humans and wildlife warrant further thorough investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Yue
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Blood, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiqi Shen
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qin Song
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Manfei Mao
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuan Kong
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Human-Induced Enrichment of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Sediment Core of Lake Balkhash, the Largest Lake in Central Asia. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, the impacts of human activities on the natural environment have continued to increase. Historic evolution of the environment under anthropogenic influences is an important reference for sustainable social development. Based on the geochemical analyses of a short sediment core of 49 cm from Lake Balkhash, the largest lake in Central Asia, potential factors historically influencing geochemical variation were revealed, and influences of human activity on regional environmental change were reconstructed over the past 150 years. The results showed that the dominant factor inducing changes in potentially toxic elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) is the physical weathering of the terrestrial materials. The variation in Ca content was influenced by the formation of authigenic carbonate. Since 1930, potentially toxic elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) in the lake sediments have obviously been affected by human activities, but the impact of human activities has not exceeded that of natural terrestrial weathering. In particular, the enrichment factors (EFs) for Cd and Pb reached 1.5. The average ecological risks of Cd were higher than the criterion of 30, suggesting a moderate risk to the local ecosystem in recent years. Total risk indices indicated moderate potential ecological risk for the lake ecology. The results will provide support for the environmental protection and better management practices of the Lake Balkhash watershed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang X, Wang C, Shao H, Zheng Q. Non-targeted screening and analysis of volatile organic compounds in drinking water by DLLME with GC-MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133494. [PMID: 31398650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking water may potentially be hazardous. We developed a novel non-targeted analysis method of VOCs in drinking water that uses dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analysis parameters were selected from range-finding tests on the peak number and average area of the extracted compounds. The optimized method was applied to analyze VOCs in tap water samples collected from Wuhan City, China. Twenty-seven compounds with high match degrees and a high prevalence were selected for quantification and evaluation. We used structure-activity relationships to predict the carcinogenicity of these compounds. Although most of the compounds were non-toxic, compounds such as dibutyl phthalate and diacetone alcohol should be investigated further. Untargeted analysis of the tap water samples identified 75-200 VOCs, including 67 highly prevalent compounds. Industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals accounted for approximately 70% of the VOCs in the samples. This method of non-targeted analysis and in silico toxicity prediction is simple and economic, and could be used in screening VOCs in drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Huancong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dhungana B, Peng H, Kutarna S, Umbuzeiro G, Shrestha S, Liu J, Jones PD, Subedi B, Giesy JP, Cobb GP. Abundances and concentrations of brominated azo dyes detected in indoor dust. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:784-793. [PMID: 31200204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dust samples were collected from four indoor environments, including childcare facilities, houses, hair salons, and a research facility from the USA and were analyzed for brominated compounds using full scan liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 240 brominated compounds were detected in these dust samples, and elemental formulas were predicted for 120 more abundant ions. In addition to commonly detected brominated flame retardants (BFRs), nitrogen-containing brominated azo dyes (BADs) were among the most frequently detected and abundant. Specifically, greater abundances of BADs were detected in indoor dusts from daycares and salons compared to houses and the research facility. Using authentic standards, a quantitative method was established for two BADs (DB373: Disperse Blue 373 and DV93: Disperse Violet 93) and 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline, a commonly used precursor in azo dye production, in indoor dust. Generally, greater concentrations of DB373 (≤3850 ng/g) and DV93 (≤1190 ng/g) were observed in indoor dust from daycares highlighting children as a susceptible population to potential health risk from exposure to BADs. These data are important because, to date, targeted analysis of brominated compounds in indoor environments has focused mainly on BFRs and appears to underestimate the total amount of brominated compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Dhungana
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Kutarna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gisela Umbuzeiro
- School of Technology, FT-UNICAMP, Sate University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Sujan Shrestha
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bikram Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, Murray, KY, United States
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - George P Cobb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Non-targeted Screening in Environmental Monitoring Programs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:731-741. [PMID: 31347081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Contaminant monitoring programs have been tasked with understanding the fate and transport of toxic chemicals in the environment. Mass spectrometry based methods have traditionally been developed to maximize sensitivity and accuracy of a select set of target compounds. As mass spectrometry methods have advanced, so has the breadth of questions proposed by environmental chemists. Incorporating these methods in chemical monitoring programs provides large data sets to explore the effects of complex mixtures on environmental systems.
Collapse
|
21
|
Qiu Y, Liu K, Zhou S, Chen D, Qu H, Wang X, Hu Y, Wang Y. Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in Surface Sediment from Sanmen Bay, East China Sea: Spatial Distribution and Congener Profile. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:41-47. [PMID: 31115585 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have recently emerged as a group of halogenated pollutants with broad occurrences and bioaccumulation potential in aquatic systems. However, investigations on their occurrences in coastal waters remain very limited. In the present study we investigated PHCZs in surface sediment collected from 29 sites in Sanmen Bay, East China Sea. The results demonstrated a universal presence of PHCZs in sediment, with concentrations of ∑PHCZs (including all congeners) ranging from 7.7 to 17.5 ng/g dry weight (median: 11.3 ng/g dw). The PHCZ congener composition profile revealed a dominance of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ) with comparable concentration with that of carbazole. Given that PHCZs are widely distributed in Sanmen Bay sediment and their concentrations rivaled other well-known persistent organic pollutants in the same area, this group of halogenated pollutants merits additional investigations of their potential risks to the studied aquatic system, as well as other important watersheds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiu
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kunyan Liu
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Han Qu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongxia Hu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou S, Pan X, Tang Q, Zhu H, Zhou J, Zhao L, Guo J, Wang Z, Liu W, Li A. Photochemical degradation of polyhalogenated carbazoles in hexane by sunlight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:622-631. [PMID: 30939315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a class of halogenated dibenzopyrrole, which have been increasingly detected in the environment and found to be bioaccumulative and potentially toxic. However, their environmental transformation potential is largely unknown. In this study, UV absorption spectra of carbazole (CZ) and 10 PHCZs were obtained with wavelength range 290-400 nm, and three peaks were identified in most cases with the highest occurring around 300 nm. Hexane solutions of CZ, 10 individual PHCZs, and a sediment extract containing nine other PHCZs were separately irradiated under natural sunlight in order to investigate their photodegradation kinetics and pathways. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants (k) of these PHCZs varied from 0.183 h-1 to 2.394 h-1, and increased exponentially with increasing numbers of chlorines and bromines in PHCZ molecules. Contribution to ln k from each bromine atom is more than doubling of that from each chlorine atom. Stepwise reduction debromination was confirmed to be one of the photodegradation mechanisms for both brominated and mixed halogenated (containing both bromine and chlorine) carbazoles. Only sporadic dechlorinated products were found during the photolysis of chlorinated carbazoles. By adopting a simplified kinetic approach, we estimated that dehalogenation contributed approximately 20% to 51% of the total loss of the parent PHCZs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL60612, United States.
| | - Xiaoxue Pan
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL60612, United States; School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiaozhi Tang
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL60612, United States; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongbin Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiehong Guo
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL60612, United States
| | - Zunyao Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - An Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL60612, United States; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang B, Cui H, Liu H, Wan Y. Derivatization for Nontargeted Screening of Acids in Oilfield Refinery Wastewater: Identification and Behaviors of Recalcitrant Chlorinated Naphthenic Acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1022-1030. [PMID: 30554506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nontargeted scanning chemical profiling approach has shown great potential to identify unknown pollutants or novel biological markers; however, the structure identification of unknown compounds is a challenge. In this study, a carboxyl-specific derivatization reagent, N-(4-aminomethylphenyl) pyridinium (AMPP), was coupled with QTOF-MSE-MS scanning to establish a high-throughput nontargeted scanning method for acid compounds. The scanning method can isolate the precursor by data-independent acquisition and can select all of the acid compounds based on the characteristic fragment generated from the derivatization reagent. The method was applied to scan naphthenic acid fraction compounds in petroleum refinery wastewater and identify 70-126 NAs, 30-68 oxy-NAs, 54-60 NAs containing nitrogen, and 66-75 NAs containing both nitrogen and oxygen. Chlorinated NAs (Cl-NAs) including monochlorinated NAs (Cl-NAs), monochlorinated hydroxylated NAs (Cl-OH-NAs), and dichlorinated dihydroxylated NAs (Cl2-(OH)2-NAs) were first identified with the aid of chlorine isotopic patterns. The Cl-NAs might be naturally presented in crude oil together with NAs. Occurrences and mass balances of Cl-NAs were further assessed in the wastewater treatment plant in north China. The total concentrations of ∑Cl-NAs were estimated to be 12 ± 7.8-18 ± 17 μg/L and 8.5 ± 2.0-68 ± 35 μg/g in the wastewater and solid samples, respectively. The removal efficiencies of Cl-NAs (-29.9 to 34.3%) were much lower than those of NAs, suggesting the high recalcitrance of chlorinated compounds during the treatment processes. The estimated mass loss fractions due to degradation for Cl-NAs were 26.5-53.4% of initial loadings, and relatively high fractions (32.1-56.8%) were observed in the effluent directly discharged to the environment. Advanced treatment techniques are needed to effectively reduce the persistent Cl-NAs in the wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beili Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hongyang Cui
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hang Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Zheng M, Yin X, Wang L, Lou Y, Qu L, Liu X, Zhu H, Qiu Y. Sorption of 3,6-dibromocarbazole and 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole by microplastics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:458-463. [PMID: 30660295 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and organic pollutants are typical contaminants in the marine environment. However, little is known about their interactions. In this study, the sorption of 3,6-Dibromocarbazole(3,6-BCZ) and 1,3,6,8-Tetrabromocarbazole (1,3,6,8-BCZ) by Polypropylene microplastic in simulated seawater was studied. Factors, including particle size, salinity and concentration, were investigated, and the experimental results were simulated using a mathematical model. Results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more suitable to describe the sorption of polyhalogenated carbazole by microplastics, with equilibrium sorption times of 6 h and 8 h for 3,6-BCZ and 1,3,6,8-BCZ, respectively. Sorption capacity increased with decreasing particle size and the adsorption capacity increased initially and then decreased with increasing salinity, with a maximum sorption occurring at salinity of 14%. Moreover, the sorption amount increased with the increasing concentration of polyhalogenated carbazole. The sorption isotherms were confirmed as the extended Langmuir model and the extended Freundlich model, both of which were S-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Minggang Zheng
- Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiaocai Yin
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yinghua Lou
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingyun Qu
- Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chiaia-Hernández AC, Günthardt BF, Frey MP, Hollender J. Unravelling Contaminants in the Anthropocene Using Statistical Analysis of Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Nontarget Screening Data Recorded in Lake Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12547-12556. [PMID: 29067807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The significant increase in traces of human activity in the environment worldwide provides evidence of the beginning of a new geological era, informally named the Anthropocene. The rate and variability of these human modifications at the local and global scale remain largely unknown, but new analytical methods such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) can help to characterize chemical contamination. We therefore applied HRMS to investigate the contamination history of two lakes in Central Europe over the preceding 100 years. A hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the collected time series data revealed more than 13 000 profiles of anthropogenic origin in both lakes, defining the beginning of large-scale human impacts during the 1950s. Our results show that the analysis of temporal patterns of nontarget contaminants is an effective method for characterizing the contamination pattern in the Anthropocene and an important step in prioritizing the identification of organic contaminants not yet successfully targeted by environmental regulation and pollution reduction initiatives. As proof of the concept, the success of the method was demonstrated with the identification of the pesticide imazalil, which probably originated from imported fruits. This new approach applicable to palaeoarchives can effectively be used to document the time and rate of change in contamination over time and provide additional information on the onset of the Anthropocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurea C Chiaia-Hernández
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Barbara F Günthardt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin P Frey
- Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design, ZHAW , 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Blackwell BR, Ankley GT, Corsi SR, DeCicco LA, Houck K, Judson R, Li S, Martin M, Murphy E, Schroeder AL, Smith ET, Swintek J, Villeneuve DL. An "EAR" on Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring: A Case Study on the Use of Exposure-Activity Ratios (EARs) to Prioritize Sites, Chemicals, and Bioactivities of Concern in Great Lakes Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8713-8724. [PMID: 28671818 PMCID: PMC6132252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental monitoring approaches focus primarily on chemical occurrence. However, based on concentration alone, it can be difficult to identify which compounds may be of toxicological concern and should be prioritized for further monitoring, in-depth testing, or management. This can be problematic because toxicological characterization is lacking for many emerging contaminants. New sources of high-throughput screening (HTS) data, such as the ToxCast database, which contains information for over 9000 compounds screened through up to 1100 bioassays, are now available. Integrated analysis of chemical occurrence data with HTS data offers new opportunities to prioritize chemicals, sites, or biological effects for further investigation based on concentrations detected in the environment linked to relative potencies in pathway-based bioassays. As a case study, chemical occurrence data from a 2012 study in the Great Lakes Basin along with the ToxCast effects database were used to calculate exposure-activity ratios (EARs) as a prioritization tool. Technical considerations of data processing and use of the ToxCast database are presented and discussed. EAR prioritization identified multiple sites, biological pathways, and chemicals that warrant further investigation. Prioritized bioactivities from the EAR analysis were linked to discrete adverse outcome pathways to identify potential adverse outcomes and biomarkers for use in subsequent monitoring efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Blackwell
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
- Corresponding author: 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804; ; T: (218) 529-5078; Fax: (218) 529-5003
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - Steve R. Corsi
- US Geological Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI, USA 53562
| | - Laura A. DeCicco
- US Geological Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI, USA 53562
| | - Keith Houck
- US EPA, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Richard Judson
- US EPA, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Shibin Li
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
- National Research Council, US EPA, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - Matt Martin
- US EPA, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- US EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office, 77 West Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL, USA 60604
| | - Anthony L. Schroeder
- University of Minnesota Crookston, Math, Science, and Technology Department, 2900 University Ave, Crookston, MN, USA 56716
| | - Edwin T. Smith
- US EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office, 77 West Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL, USA 60604
| | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chibwe L, Titaley IA, Hoh E, Massey Simonich SL. Integrated Framework for Identifying Toxic Transformation Products in Complex Environmental Mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2017; 4:32-43. [PMID: 35600207 PMCID: PMC9119311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex environmental mixtures consist of hundreds to thousands of unknown and unregulated organic compounds that may have toxicological relevance, including transformation products (TPs) of anthropogenic organic pollutants. Non-targeted analysis and suspect screening analysis offer analytical approaches for potentially identifying these toxic transformation products. However, additional tools and strategies are needed in order to reduce the number of chemicals of interest and focus analytical efforts on chemicals that may pose risks to humans and the environment. This brief review highlights recent developments in this field and suggests an integrated framework that incorporates complementary instrumental techniques, computational chemistry, and toxicity analysis, for prioritizing and identifying toxic TPs in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Chibwe
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ivan A. Titaley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Staci L. Massey Simonich
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee WC, Fisher M, Davis K, Arbuckle TE, Sinha SK. Identification of chemical mixtures to which Canadian pregnant women are exposed: The MIREC Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:321-330. [PMID: 28040263 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the chemical and the outcome, prenatal exposures to environmental chemicals can lead to adverse effects on the pregnancy and child development, especially if exposure occurs during early gestation. Instead of focusing on prenatal exposure to individual chemicals, more studies have taken into account that humans are exposed to multiple environmental chemicals on a daily basis. The objectives of this analysis were to identify the pattern of chemical mixtures to which women are exposed and to characterize women with elevated exposures to various mixtures. Statistical techniques were applied to 28 chemicals measured simultaneously in the first trimester and socio-demographic factors of 1744 participants from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environment Chemicals (MIREC) Study. Cluster analysis was implemented to categorize participants based on their socio-demographic characteristics, while principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the chemicals with similar patterns and to reduce the dimension of the dataset. Next, hypothesis testing determined if the mean converted concentrations of chemical substances differed significantly among women with different socio-demographic backgrounds as well as among clusters. Cluster analysis identified six main socio-demographic clusters. Eleven components, which explained approximately 70% of the variance in the data, were retained in the PCA. Persistent organic pollutants (PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, PCB180, OXYCHLOR and TRANSNONA) and phthalates (MEOHP, MEHHP and MEHP) dominated the first and second components, respectively, and the first two components explained 25.8% of the source variation. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (first component) were positively associated with women who have lower education or higher income, were born in Canada, have BMI ≥25, or were expecting their first child in our study population. MEOHP, MEHHP and MEHP, dominating the second component, were detected in at least 98% of 1744 participants in our cohort study; however, no particular group of pregnant women was identified to be highly exposed to phthalates. While widely recognized as important to studying potential health effects, identifying the mixture of chemicals to which various segments of the population are exposed has been problematic. We present an approach using factor analysis through principal component method and cluster analysis as an attempt to determine the pregnancy exposome. Future studies should focus on how to include these matrices in examining the health effects of prenatal exposure to chemical mixtures in pregnant women and their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Lee
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karelyn Davis
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjoy K Sinha
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo J, Li Z, Ranasinghe P, Bonina S, Hosseini S, Corcoran MB, Smalley C, Rockne KJ, Sturchio NC, Giesy JP, Li A. Spatial and Temporal Trends of Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in Sediments of Upper Great Lakes: Insights into Their Origin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:89-97. [PMID: 27997128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have been increasingly detected in the environment. Their similarities in chemical structure with legacy pollutants and their potential toxicity have caused increasing concern. In this work, 112 Ponar grab and 28 core sediment samples were collected from Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron, and a total of 26 PHCZs were analyzed along with unsubstituted carbazole using gas chromatography coupled with single- or triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Our results show that the total accumulation of PHCZs in the sediments of the upper Great Lakes is >3000 tonnes, orders of magnitude greater than those of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209). The 27 individual analytes differ in spatial distribution and temporal trend. Our results showed that PHCZs with substitution patterns of -Br2-5, -Cl1-2Br2-4, or having iodine, were more abundant in sediment of Lake Michigan deposited before 1900 than those deposited more recently, implying a natural origin. Some "emerging" PHCZs have been increasingly deposited into the sediment in recent decades, and deserve further environmental monitoring and research. Other PHCZs with low halogen substitution may form from in situ dehalogenation of PHCZs having more halogens. Anthropogenic sources of PHCZs may exist, particularly for the emerging and low molecular mass congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C5, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu Y, Qiu Y, Tan H, Chen D. Polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediments from Lake Tai (China): Distribution, congener composition, and toxic equivalent evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:142-149. [PMID: 27640760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have attracted mounting environmental concerns since they were recently discovered in sediments and soil. Current knowledge on their occurrence, environmental behavior and fate remains very limited in general. In the present study, 11 PHCZ congeners were screened in surface sediments of Lake Tai, an important freshwater system located in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Total concentrations of PHCZs (∑PHCZs) ranged up to 15.8 ng/g dry weight (median: 1.54 ng/g dw), rivaling those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑PBDEs, 0.07-15.9 ng/g dw) in the same sediments. The PHCZ congener composition profiles revealed a dominance of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole and 3,6-dibromocarbazole with comparable concentrations. These two dominant congeners differed in spatial distribution patterns in Lake Tai, indicating different sources or origins. Potential toxic effects associated with the levels of PHCZs in the sediments were evaluated via the toxic equivalent (TEQ) approach. The TEQs of PHCZs in Lake Tai sediments ranged up to 1.36 pg TEQ/g dw. As the first report on the occurrence of PHCZs in an Asian waterbody, our findings suggest that PHCZs should be given more attention during environmental monitoring and risk assessments of hazardous chemicals, as they may represent another group of persistent organic pollutants with dioxin-like effects and wide distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongli Tan
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Da Chen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Peng H, Saunders DMV, Sun J, Jones PD, Wong CKC, Liu H, Giesy JP. Mutagenic Azo Dyes, Rather Than Flame Retardants, Are the Predominant Brominated Compounds in House Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12669-12677. [PMID: 27934287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of toxicological profiles by use of traditional targeted strategies might underestimate the risk of environmental mixtures. Unbiased identification of prioritized compounds provides a promising strategy for meeting regulatory needs. In this study, untargeted screening of brominated compounds in house dust was conducted using a data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment (DIPIC-Frag) approach, which used data-independent acquisition (DIA) and a chemometric strategy to detect peaks and align precursor ions. A total of 1008 brominated compound peaks were identified in 23 house dust samples. Precursor ions and formulas were identified for 738 (73%) of the brominated compounds. A correlation matrix was used to cluster brominated compounds; three large groups were found for the 140 high-abundance brominated compounds, and only 24 (17%) of these compounds were previously known flame retardants. The predominant class of unknown brominated compounds was predicted to consist of nitrogen-containing compounds. Following further validation by authentic standards, these compounds (56%) were determined to be novel brominated azo dyes. The mutagenicity of one major component was investigated, and mutagenicity was observed at environmentally relevant concentrations. Results of this study demonstrated the existence of numerous unknown brominated compounds in house dust, with mutagenic azo dyes unexpectedly being identified as the predominant compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - David M V Saunders
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Zoology Department, Michigan State University , 1129 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B3
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mumbo J, Pandelova M, Mertes F, Henkelmann B, Bussian BM, Schramm KW. The fingerprints of dioxin-like bromocarbazoles and chlorocarbazoles in selected forest soils in Germany. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 162:64-72. [PMID: 27479457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of bromocarbazoles and chlorocarbazoles was studied in 86 forest soil samples from different regions in Germany. Carbazole, 3-chlorocarbazole, 3-bromocarbazole and 3,6-dibromocarbazole were qualitatively detected in the humic layer of 59 soil samples with bromocarbazoles reported here for the first time in soil. Furthermore, the halogenated carbazoles, PCDD/Fs and PCBs were detected in the humic and mineral soil horizons (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm) of a subset of 11 soil samples subjected to quantitative analysis. Concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 267.6 ng/g (carbazole); 0.2-7.2 ng/g (3-bromocarbazole); 0.0-9.1 ng/g (3-chlorocarbazole); 0.2-19.8 ng/g (3,6-dibromocarbazole); 0.4-67.6 ng/g (3,6-dichlorocarbazole); 0.0-0.7 ng/g (PCDDs); 0.0-0.3 ng/g (PCDFs) and 0.0-33.7 ng/g (PCBs). Concentrations decreased with depth and correlated positively to total organic carbon (TOC). When it was based on TOC%, an increase in concentration with depth was observed in most soil samples. With respect to dioxin-like toxicity, 3-bromocarbazole, 3-chlorocarbazole, 3,6-dibromocarbazole and 3,6-dichlorocarbazoles caused induction of CYP1A1-dependent EROD activity in HII4E rat hepatoma cell line. Their relative effect potency after 72 h exposure ranged from 0.00005 to 0.00013 and was directly related to the degree of halogenation with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as reference. Furthermore, their contribution to overall soil dioxin-like toxicity was not significant in comparison to PCDD/Fs and PCBs though the sum toxic equivalency was limited to three halogenated carbazole congeners. Bromocarbazoles and chlorocarbazoles are emerging dioxin-like toxic environmental contaminants with potential for wide distribution occurring simultaneously with PCDD/Fs and PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Mumbo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biosciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany; National Environment Management Authority, P.O. Box 67839-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Marchela Pandelova
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Mertes
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernd M Bussian
- Federal Environment Agency, Section Soil Quality and Soil Monitoring, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biosciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Peng H, Guo H, Pogoutse O, Wan C, Hu LZ, Ni Z, Emili A. An Unbiased Chemical Proteomics Method Identifies FabI as the Primary Target of 6-OH-BDE-47. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11329-11336. [PMID: 27682841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the physical interactions of environmental chemicals with cellular proteins is important for characterizing biological and toxic mechanism of action. Yet despite the discovery of numerous bioactive natural brominated compounds, such as hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), their corresponding protein targets remain largely unclear. Here, we reported a systematic and unbiased chemical proteomics assay (Target Identification by Ligand Stabilization, TILS) for target identification of bioactive molecules based on monitoring ligand-induced thermal stabilization. We first validated the broad applicability of this approach by identifying both known and unexpected proteins bound by diverse compounds (anticancer drugs, antibiotics). We then applied TILS to identify the bacterial target of 6-OH-BDE-47 as enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI), an essential and widely conserved enzyme. Using affinity pull-down and in vitro enzymatic assays, we confirmed the potent antibacterial activity of 6-OH-BDE-47 occurs via direct binding and inhibition of FabI. Conversely, overexpression of FabI rescued the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli by 6-OH-BDE-47, validating it as the primary in vivo target. This study documents a chemical proteomics strategy for identifying the physical and functional targets of small molecules, and its potential high-throughput application to investigate the modes-of-action of environmental compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Oxana Pogoutse
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Cuihong Wan
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Lucas Z Hu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zuyao Ni
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peng H, Chen C, Cantin J, Saunders DMV, Sun J, Tang S, Codling G, Hecker M, Wiseman S, Jones PD, Li A, Rockne KJ, Sturchio NC, Cai M, Giesy JP. Untargeted Screening and Distribution of Organo-Iodine Compounds in Sediments from Lake Michigan and the Arctic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10097-105. [PMID: 27611727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The majority of halogenated organic compounds present in the environment remain unidentified. To address this data gap, we recently developed an untargeted method (data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment; DIPIC-Frag) for identification of unknown organo-bromine compounds. In this study, the method was adapted to enable untargeted screening of natural and synthetic organo-iodine compounds (NSOICs) in sediments. A total of 4,238 NSOIC peaks were detected in sediments from Lake Michigan. Precursor ions and formulas were determined for 2,991 (71%) of the NSOIC peaks. These compounds exhibited variations in abundances (<10(3) to ∼10(7)), m/z values (206.9304-996.9474), retention times (1.0-29.7 min), and number of iodine atoms (1-4). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that sediments in closer proximity exhibited similar profiles of NSOICs. NSOICs were screened in 10 samples of sediment from the Arctic Ocean to compare the profiles of NSOICs between freshwater and marine sediments. A total of 3,168 NSOIC peaks were detected, and profiles of NSOICs in marine sediments were clearly distinct from Lake Michigan. The coexistence of brominated and iodinated analogues indicated that some NSOICs are of natural origin. Different ratios of abundances of iodinated compounds to brominated analogues were observed and proposed as a marker to distinguish sources of NSOICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Chunli Chen
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of MOE, School of Resources, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Jenna Cantin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - David M V Saunders
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Garry Codling
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - An Li
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Karl J Rockne
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Neil C Sturchio
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware , 255 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Minghong Cai
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China , Shanghai 200136, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , 1129 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Peoples Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|