1
|
Kang B, Wang J, Guo S, Yang L. Mercury-induced toxicity: Mechanisms, molecular pathways, and gene regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173577. [PMID: 38852866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a well-known neurotoxicant for humans and wildlife. The epidemic of mercury poisoning in Japan has clearly demonstrated that chronic exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) results in serious neurological damage to the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, leading to the dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), especially in infants exposed to MeHg in utero. The occurrences of poisoning have caused a wide public concern regarding the health risk emanating from MeHg exposure; particularly those eating large amounts of fish may experience the low-level and long-term exposure. There is growing evidence that MeHg at environmentally relevant concentrations can affect the health of biota in the ecosystem. Although extensive in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the disruption of redox homeostasis and microtube assembly is mainly responsible for mercurial toxicity leading to adverse health outcomes, it is still unclear whether we could quantitively determine the occurrence of interaction between mercurial and thiols and/or selenols groups of proteins linked directly to outcomes, especially at very low levels of exposure. Furthermore, intracellular calcium homeostasis, cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter release, and DNA methylation may be the targets of mercury compounds; however, the primary targets associated with the adverse outcomes remain to be elucidated. Considering these knowledge gaps, in this article, we conducted a comprehensive review of mercurial toxicity, focusing mainly on the mechanism, and genes/proteins expression. We speculated that comprehensive analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could enhance interpretation of "omics" profiles, which may reveal specific biomarkers obviously correlated with specific pathways that mediate selective neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torres-Ruiz M, de Alba Gonzalez M, Cañas Portilla AI, Coronel R, Liste I, González-Caballero MC. Effects of nanomolar methylmercury on developing human neural stem cells and zebrafish Embryo. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114684. [PMID: 38663761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury and its organic form methylmercury (MeHg), is of great concern for the developing nervous system. Despite available literature on MeHg neurotoxicity, there is still uncertainty about its mechanisms of action and the doses that trigger developmental effects. Our study combines two alternative methodologies, the human neural stem cells (NSC) and the zebrafish (ZF) embryo, to address the neurotoxic effects of early exposure to nanomolar concentrations of MeHg. Our results show linear or nonmonotonic (hormetic) responses depending on studied parameters. In ZF, we observed a hormetic response in locomotion and larval rotation, but a concentration-dependent response for sensory organ size and habituation. We also observed a possible delayed response as MeHg had greater effects on larval activity at 5 days than at 24 h. In NSC cells, some parameters show a clear dose dependence, such as increased apoptosis and differentiation to glial cells or decreased neuronal precursors; while others show a hormetic response: neuronal differentiation or cell proliferation. This study shows that the ZF model was more susceptible than NSC to MeHg neurotoxicity. The combination of different models has improved the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and possible compensatory mechanisms at the cellular and organismal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Torres-Ruiz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain.
| | - Mercedes de Alba Gonzalez
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas Portilla
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - Raquel Coronel
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Carmen González-Caballero
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Licitra R, Fronte B, Verri T, Marchese M, Sangiacomo C, Santorelli FM. Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38666821 PMCID: PMC11047914 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish are one of the most used animal models in biological research and a cost-effective alternative to rodents. Despite this, nutritional requirements and standardized feeding protocols have not yet been established for this species. This is important to avoid nutritional effects on experimental outcomes, and especially when zebrafish models are used in preclinical studies, as many diseases have nutritional confounding factors. A key aspect of zebrafish nutrition is related to feed intake, the amount of feed ingested by each fish daily. With the goal of standardizing feeding protocols among the zebrafish community, this paper systematically reviews the available data from 73 studies on zebrafish feed intake, feeding regimes (levels), and diet composition. Great variability was observed regarding diet composition, especially regarding crude protein (mean 44.98 ± 9.87%) and lipid content (9.91 ± 5.40%). Interestingly, the gross energy levels of the zebrafish diets were similar across the reviewed studies (20.39 ± 2.10 kilojoules/g of feed). In most of the reviewed papers, fish received a predetermined quantity of feed (feed supplied). The authors fed the fish according to the voluntary intake and then calculated feed intake (FI) in only 17 papers. From a quantitative point of view, FI was higher than when a fixed quantity (pre-defined) of feed was supplied. Also, the literature showed that many biotic and abiotic factors may affect zebrafish FI. Finally, based on the FI data gathered from the literature, a new feeding protocol is proposed. In summary, a daily feeding rate of 9-10% of body weight is proposed for larvae, whereas these values are equal to 6-8% for juveniles and 5% for adults when a dry feed with a proper protein and energy content is used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Licitra
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Baldassare Fronte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Maria Marchese
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Sangiacomo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morais H, Arenas F, Cruzeiro C, Galante-Oliveira S, Cardoso PG. Combined effects of climate change and environmentally relevant mixtures of endocrine disrupting compounds on the fitness and gonads' maturation dynamics of Nucella lapillus (Gastropoda). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114841. [PMID: 36965267 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas are affected by multiple stressors like climate change and endocrine disruptors (EDCs). In the laboratory, we investigated the combined effects of increased temperature and EDCs (drospirenone and mercury) on the fitness and gonads' maturation dynamics of the marine gastropod Nucella lapillus for 21 days. Survival was negatively affected by all the stressors alone, while, in combination, a synergistic negative effect was observed. Both chemicals, as single factors, did not cause any effect on the maturation stage of ovaries and testis. However, in the presence of a higher temperature, it was clear a delay in the maturation stage of the ovaries, but not in the testis, suggesting a higher negative impact of the stressors in females than in males. In summary, drospirenone caused a low negative impact in aquatic species, like gastropods, but in combination with other EDCs and/or increased temperature can be a matter of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Morais
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Arenas
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - C Cruzeiro
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Germany
| | - S Galante-Oliveira
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - P G Cardoso
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Jing C, Peng H, Liu S, Zhao H, Zhang W, Chen X, Hu F. Parental whole life-cycle exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) disrupts embryonic development and thyroid system in zebrafish offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114313. [PMID: 36410141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), an emerging environmental pollutant, has been frequently detected in natural waters. The objective of this study was to investigate possible parental transfer of TCEP and transgenerational effects on the early development and thyroid hormone homeostasis in F1 larvae following parental whole life-cycle exposure to TCEP. To this end, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L) of TCEP for 120 days until sexual maturation. Parental exposure to TCEP resulted in significant levels of TCEP, developmental toxicity including decreased survival and final hatching rates, accelerated heart rate and elevated malformation rate, as well as induction of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in F1 offspring. In F1 eggs, declined thyroxin (T4) levels were observed, consistent with those in plasma of F0 adult females, indicating the maternal transfer of thyroid endocrine disruption to the offspring. In addition, mRNA levels of several genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were significantly modified in F1 larvae, which could be linked to transgenerational developmental toxicity and thyroid hormone disruption. For the first time, we revealed that the parental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of TCEP could cause developmental toxicity and thyroid endocrine disruption in subsequent unexposed generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hangke Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shangshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haocheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Machikhin A, Huang CC, Khokhlov D, Galanova V, Burlakov A. Single-shot Mueller-matrix imaging of zebrafish tissues: In vivo analysis of developmental and pathological features. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200088. [PMID: 35582886 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a well-established animal model for developmental and disease studies. Its optical transparency at early developmental stages allows in vivo tissues visualization. Interaction of polarized light with these tissues provides information on their structure and properties. This approach is effective for muscle tissue analysis due to its birefringence. To enable real-time Mueller-matrix characterization of unanesthetized fish, we assembled a microscope for single-shot Mueller-matrix imaging. First, we performed a continuous observation of 48 species within the period of 2 to 96 hpf and measured temporal dependencies of the polarization features in different tissues. These measurements show that hatching was accompanied by a sharp change in the angle and degree of linearly polarized light after interaction with muscles. Second, we analyzed nine species with skeletal disorders and demonstrated that the spatial distribution of light depolarization features clearly indicated them. Obtained results demonstrated that real-time Mueller-matrix imaging is a powerful tool for label-free monitoring zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Machikhin
- Laboratory of Acousto-optical Spectroscopy, Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Demid Khokhlov
- Laboratory of Acousto-optical Spectroscopy, Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Galanova
- Laboratory of Acousto-optical Spectroscopy, Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Laser and Opto-Electronic Systems, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Burlakov
- Laboratory of Acousto-optical Spectroscopy, Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Sun W, Lei H, Li X, Hou L, Wang Y, Chen H, Schlenk D, Ying GG, Mu J, Xie L. Cyclophosphamide alters the behaviors of adult Zebrafish via neurotransmitters and gut microbiota. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106246. [PMID: 35917676 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, one of the earliest prescribed alkylating anticancer drugs, has been frequently detected in aquatic environments. However, its effects on fish behavior and associated mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the behaviors, neurochemicals, and gut microbiota of adult zebrafish were investigated after 2 months of exposure to CP at 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 µg/L. Behavioral assays revealed that CP increased locomotion and anxiety, and decreased the cognition of zebrafish. The alteration of neurotransmitters and related gene expressions in the dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid pathways induced by CP may be responsible for the observed changes in locomotion and cognition of adult zebrafish. Meanwhile, CP increased the anxiety of adult zebrafish through the serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine pathways in the brain. In addition, increased abundances of Fusobacteriales, Reyanellales, Staphylococcales, Rhodobacterals, and Patescibateria in the intestine at the CP-50 treatment were observed. The study has demonstrated that CP affects the locomotion, anxiety, and cognition in zebrafish, which might be linked with the dysfunction of neurochemicals in the brain. This study further suggests that the gut-brain axis might interact to modulate fish behaviors upon exposure to CP (maybe other organic pollutants). Further research is warranted to test this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijun Sun
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haojun Lei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yongzhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Albers JL, Steibel JP, Klingler RH, Ivan LN, Garcia-Reyero N, Carvan MJ, Murphy CA. Altered Larval Yellow Perch Swimming Behavior Due to Methylmercury and PCB126 Detected Using Hidden Markov Chain Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3514-3523. [PMID: 35201763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fish swimming behavior is a commonly measured response in aquatic ecotoxicology because behavior is considered a whole organism-level effect that integrates many sensory systems. Recent advancements in animal behavior models, such as hidden Markov chain models (HMM), suggest an improved analytical approach for toxicology. Using both new and traditional approaches, we examined the sublethal effects of PCB126 and methylmercury on yellow perch (YP) larvae (Perca flavescens) using three doses. Both approaches indicate larvae increase activity after exposure to either chemical. The middle methylmercury-dosed larvae showed multiple altered behavior patterns. First, larvae had a general increase in activity, typically performing more behavior states, more time swimming, and more swimming bouts per second. Second, when larvae were in a slow or medium swimming state, these larvae tended to switch between these states more often. Third, larvae swam slower during the swimming bouts. The upper PCB126-dosed larvae exhibited a higher proportion and a fast swimming state, but the total time spent swimming fast decreased. The middle PCB126-dosed larvae transitioned from fast to slow swimming states less often than the control larvae. These results indicate that developmental exposure to very low doses of these neurotoxicants alters YP larvae overall swimming behaviors, suggesting neurodevelopment alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice L Albers
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Juan P Steibel
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Rebekah H Klingler
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Lori N Ivan
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 39180, United States
| | - Michael J Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Cheryl A Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li D, Sun W, Chen H, Lei H, Li X, Liu H, Huang GY, Shi WJ, Ying GG, Luo Y, Xie L. Cyclophosphamide affects eye development and locomotion in zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150460. [PMID: 34818796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug and has been frequently detected in aquatic environments due to its incomplete removal by wastewater treatment facilities and slow degradation in waters. Its toxicity in fish remains largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish eggs <4 h post fertilization (hpf) were exposed to CP at the concentrations from 0.5 to 50.0 μg/L until 168 hpf, and its toxicity was evaluated by biochemical, transcriptomic, and behavioral approaches. The results showed that malformation and mortality rates increased with CP concentrations. The 7-day malformation EC50 and mortality (LC30) by CP were calculated to be 86.8 μg/L and 7.5 mg/L, respectively. Inhibited startle response (light to dark) (a minimal of 19%) and reduced swimming velocity (a minimal of 30%) were observed in the CP-exposed larvae. The thicknesses of retinal ganglion layer, inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer in the retina were increased after exposure to CP. Meanwhile, exposure to CP increased karyorrhexis and karyolysis in the liver tissue. Transcriptomic analysis identified 607 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (159 up-regulated and 448 down-regulated). A significant reduction in the transcripts of sgk1 (the FoxO pathway), jun (the MAPK pathway), and diabloa (apoptosis pathway) were observed in the CP-treated larvae. This study has demonstrated that low concentrations of CP cause malformation, reduced swimming capacity, histopathological alterations in the retina and liver tissues, and interference on transcriptional expressions of key genes associated with different pathways. The ecological risk of CP and other anticancer drugs to aquatic organisms merits future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijun Sun
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haojun Lei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongsong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang JG, Ma DD, Xiong Q, Qiu SQ, Huang GY, Shi WJ, Ying GG. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam affect synaptic transmission in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112917. [PMID: 34678628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM) are two commonly applied neonicotinoid insecticides. IMI and THM could cause negative impacts on non-target organisms like bees. However, the information about neurotoxicity of IMI and THM in fish is still scarce. Here we investigated the effects of IMI and THM on locomotor behavior, AChE activity, and transcription of genes related to synaptic transmission in zebrafish exposed to IMI and THM with concentrations of 50 ng L-1 to 50,000 ng L-1 at 14 day post fertilization (dpf), 21 dpf, 28 dpf and 35 dpf. Our results showed that IMI and THM significantly influenced the locomotor activity in larvae at 28 dpf and 35 dpf. THM elevated AChE activity at 28 dpf. The qPCR data revealed that IMI and THM affected the transcription of marker genes belonging to the synapse from 14 dpf to 35 dpf. Furthermore, IMI and THM mainly affected transcription of key genes in γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and serotonin pathways in larvae at 28 dpf and 35 dpf. These results demonstrated the neurotoxicity of IMI and THM in zebrafish. The findings from this study suggested that IMI and THM in the aquatic environment may pose potential risks to fish fitness and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Qing Qiu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brun NR, Salanga MC, Mora-Zamorano FX, Lamb DC, Goldstone JV, Stegeman JJ. Orphan cytochrome P450 20a1 CRISPR/Cas9 mutants and neurobehavioral phenotypes in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23892. [PMID: 34903767 PMCID: PMC8669017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are those for which biological substrates and function(s) are unknown. Cytochrome P450 20A1 (CYP20A1) is the last human orphan P450 enzyme, and orthologs occur as single genes in every vertebrate genome sequenced to date. The occurrence of high levels of CYP20A1 transcripts in human substantia nigra and hippocampus and abundant maternal transcripts in zebrafish eggs strongly suggest roles both in the brain and during early embryonic development. Patients with chromosome 2 microdeletions including CYP20A1 show hyperactivity and bouts of anxiety, among other conditions. Here, we created zebrafish cyp20a1 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, providing vertebrate models with which to study the role of CYP20A1 in behavior and other neurodevelopmental functions. The homozygous cyp20a1 null mutants exhibited significant behavioral differences from wild-type zebrafish, both in larval and adult animals. Larval cyp20a1-/- mutants exhibited a strong increase in light-simulated movement (i.e., light-dark assay), which was interpreted as hyperactivity. Further, the larvae exhibited mild hypoactivity during the adaptation period of the optomotor assays. Adult cyp20a1 null fish showed a pronounced delay in adapting to new environments, which is consistent with an anxiety paradigm. Taken together with our earlier morpholino cyp20a1 knockdown results, the results described herein suggest that the orphan CYP20A1 has a neurophysiological role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja R Brun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Matthew C Salanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | | | - David C Lamb
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abu Zeid EH, Khalifa BA, Said EN, Arisha AH, Reda RM. Neurobehavioral and immune-toxic impairments induced by organic methyl mercury dietary exposure in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105702. [PMID: 33264694 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although substantial knowledge of mercury toxicity in fish has been assembled; until now, studies investigating the toxic impacts in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following dietary exposure to organic methyl mercury (MeHg) are less prolific. Accordingly, the current study aimed to evaluate the impacts of MeHg on neurobehavioral and immune integrity in Nile tilapia after dietary exposure. Two hundred and twenty-five juvenile Nile tilapia (19.99 ± 0.33 g) were allocated into five groups in triplicates (15 fish/replicate). G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5. O. niloticus were fed corresponding basal diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg diet MeHg chloride (MeHgCl) daily for 30 days, zero value represented the control G1 group. The results showed that MeHg induced significant alterations in O. niloticus behavior, the swimming behavior was significantly decreased, while scratching, biting, and fin tugging behaviors were significantly augmented. Moreover; chasing, mouth pushing, and butting behaviors were significantly increased in all the exposed groups. MeHg significantly decreased brain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in all the exposed groups. Meanwhile, serum levels of lysozyme (LYZ), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and 8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8OH2dG) were significantly elevated in all the exposed groups except for serum reduced glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased implying oxidative stress (OS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein, DNA damage and impaired immune response of the exposed tilapia. MeHg significantly altered transcriptional expression of immune-related genes including (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8, and IL-10) in all the exposed groups. From the obtained outcomes, the present research is the premier to investigate that dietary MeHg exposure in O. niloticus significantly induced neurobehavioral and immune defense impairments in a dose-related manner. This study exhibits that dietary MeHg may pose a potential threat to the O. niloticus populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan H Abu Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Sharkia Province Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Bouthaina A Khalifa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt
| | - Enas N Said
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie D, Chen Q, Gong S, An J, Li Y, Lian X, Liu Z, Shen Y, Giesy JP. Exposure of zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentrations of mercury during early life stages impairs subsequent reproduction in adults but can be recovered in offspring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105655. [PMID: 33099036 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that poses potential threats to health of fishes. Although effects of Hg on reproduction of fishes have been documented, little is known about effects of exposure to Hg2+ during early life stages on subsequent reproductive fitness of adults or whether these effects can be transferred to offspring. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Hg2+ (0.6, 3 or 15 μg/L) for 5 days and then depurated in clean water for another 115 days. Exposure to Hg2+ during early life stages disturbed the balance of sex hormones and gametogenesis by altering expression of mRNA for genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which resulted in delayed gonadal development and lesser gonado-somatic index, thereby resulting in lesser fecundity. A similar, but less pronounced effect was observed in F1 females that were not exposed directly to Hg, whereas such damage was neither observed in F1 males nor either sex during the F2 generation. Exposure to Hg2+ during early life can impair subsequent reproduction in adults and has intergenerational effects on F1 females, but this reproductive damage can be recovered in F1 males and in F2 females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Shiling Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jingjing An
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yingwen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaolong Lian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yanjun Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ye X, Fisher NS. Minor effects of dietary methylmercury on growth and reproduction of the sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus and toxicity to their offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115226. [PMID: 32698054 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxic compound that is found in virtually all fish and biomagnifies in aquatic food webs. Although MeHg concentrations in marine and estuarine fish are often elevated, the impacts of MeHg on marine and estuarine fish have largely been understudied. To evaluate the impact of dietary MeHg on marine fish reproduction and effects on their offspring, female juvenile sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) at three months of age were experimentally exposed to MeHg-contaminated diets for two months and then paired with Hg-free males for spawning. Egg production, hatching success of embryos, time to hatching, survival of larvae, growth of larvae and swimming behavior of larvae were determined. Selenium (Se) was also measured and Se/Hg molar ratios were calculated to assess whether Se reduced MeHg toxicity. MeHg had no significant impact on fish reproduction or on survival and growth of larvae. Larvae produced by MeHg-exposed mothers had concentrations of Hg about 1 ppm (dry wt), or about 12% of that in the muscle of their mothers and consistently displayed 6-15% increased swimming speed relative to controls; the ecological significance of this moderate effect on swimming speed requires further study. The Se/Hg molar ratios in these fish, which were >1 in controls (adults and larvae) and MeHg-exposed larvae but <1 in Hg-exposed adults, did not correlate with MeHg effects. The sheepshead minnow, at a low trophic level, appears to have a high tolerance of MeHg; however, it can pass MeHg to higher trophic levels in marine ecosystems where upper level predators have MeHg concentrations sometimes exceeding US FDA safety limits of 1 ppm wet wt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayan Ye
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA.
| | - Nicholas S Fisher
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang F, Luo Z, Guo S, Strähle U. Toxicity of mercury: Molecular evidence. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125586. [PMID: 31881386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Minamata disease in Japan and the large-scale poisoning by methylmercury (MeHg) in Iraq caused wide public concerns about the risk emanating from mercury for human health. Nowadays, it is widely known that all forms of mercury induce toxic effects in mammals, and increasing evidence supports the concern that environmentally relevant levels of MeHg could impact normal biological functions in wildlife. The information of mechanism involved in mercurial toxicity is growing but knowledge gaps still exist between the adverse effects and mechanisms of action, especially at the molecular level. A body of data obtained from experimental studies on mechanisms of mercurial toxicity in vivo and in vitro points to that disruption of the antioxidant system may play an important role in the mercurial toxic effects. Moreover, the accumulating evidence indicates that signaling transduction, protein or/and enzyme activity, and gene regulation are involving in mediating toxic and adaptive response to mercury exposure. We conducted here a comprehensive review of mercurial toxic effects on wildlife and human, in particular synthesized key findings of molecular pathways involved in mercurial toxicity from the cells to human. We discuss the molecular evidence related mercurial toxicity to the adverse effects, with particular emphasis on the gene regulation. The further studies relying on Omic analysis connected to adverse effects and modes of action of mercury will aid in the evaluation and validation of causative relationship between health outcomes and gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Zidie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Liu L, Zheng H, Wang M, Fu Y, Luo X, Li F, Wang Z. Polystyrene microplastics impaired the feeding and swimming behavior of mysid shrimp Neomysis japonica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110660. [PMID: 31727317 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidences revealed the deleterious impacts of microplastics (MPs) on marine organisms. However, the effects of MPs on the movement behavior of marine crustacean is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the physiological and behavioral responses of mysid shrimp (Neomysis japonica) larvae to polystyrene (PS) and carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH). PS-COOH presented a greater physiological toxicity to shrimp larvae compared to PS, causing significant lethal and growth inhibition effect, owing to bioaccumulation of MPs inside stomach. Both two MPs decreased the feeding efficiency of larvae, showing weakened predation competence. Moreover, reduced hunting and/or explorative ability of shrimps caused by MPs was also identified, which was evidenced by an overall decrease in swimming activity, range and frequency after exposure. Our study firstly highlighted that micron-sized polystyrene particles had the negative effects on the movement behavior of mysid shrimp larvae, thus posing potential hazard to population dynamics and ecological function of marine crustacean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liuqingqing Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Mingxin Wang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yuanxin Fu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xianxiang Luo
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wolter ME, Svoboda KR. Doing the locomotion: Insights and potential pitfalls associated with using locomotor activity as a readout of the circadian rhythm in larval zebrafish. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 330:108465. [PMID: 31634493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish have been used as a model to study circadian rhythms (CRs) for over 20 years by analyzing various endpoints including locomotor activity. Such studies often utilize high-throughput analysis monitoring activity of larvae placed in well plates numbering >48 wells per plate. Although the CR can be influenced by numerous factors, it is not clear if such effects are permanent. Here, we investigated the variability of CRs of larvae analyzed in different types of well plates and determined the permanency of experimentally-induced aberrations in CRs. NEW METHOD Utilized the tracking software Ethovision XT to investigate how different well plate sizes influence the CR. Re-tested subjects for recovery from long-term CR disruptions and evaluated CR patterns at the individual level. RESULTS CR tracking using locomotion as a readout is best in 24 well plates. CR consistency is not maintained in larvae tracked in 48 or 96 well plates. A perturbed CR due to constant light recovered after just 3 days of a normal light/dark cycle. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Unlike other CR locomotor-based assays, our approach allowed for a medium-throughput analysis of individual CRs, minimized variability and allowed for the re-evaluation of larval CRs 4-5 days later. CONCLUSIONS This medium-throughput locomotor CR analysis allows for a standardized, less variable approach whereby larvae can be re-tested to identify potential long-term changes after experimental manipulations. Long-term behavioral experiments in 48 or 96 well plates may impart stress on the larvae due to space constraints which could impact nervous system function and/or behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Wolter
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA
| | - Kurt R Svoboda
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tye M, Masino MA. Dietary Contaminants and Their Effects on Zebrafish Embryos. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7030046. [PMID: 31500302 PMCID: PMC6789805 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary contaminants are often an over-looked factor in the health of zebrafish. Typically, water is considered to be the source for most contaminants, especially within an aquatic environment. For this reason, source water for zebrafish recirculating systems is highly regulated and monitored daily. Most facilities use reverse osmosis or de-ionized water filtration systems to purify incoming water to ensure that contaminants, as well as pathogens, do not enter their zebrafish housing units. However, diets are rarely tested for contaminants and, in the case of manufactured zebrafish feeds, since the product is marketed for aquaculture or aquarium use it is assumed that the feed is acceptable for animals used for research. The following provides examples as to how contaminants could lead to negative effects on development and behavior of developing zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tye
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mark A Masino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li D, Xie L, Carvan MJ, Guo L. Mitigative effects of natural and model dissolved organic matter with different functionalities on the toxicity of methylmercury in embryonic zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:616-626. [PMID: 31185350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) occurs ubiquitously in aquatic environments and plays an intrinsic role in altering the chemical speciation and toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg). However, interactions between MeHg and natural DOM remain poorly understood, especially at the functional group level. We report here the mitigative effects of three natural organic matter (NOM) and five model-DOM under different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg-C/L) on the toxicity of MeHg in embryonic zebrafish (<4 h post-fertilization, hpf). NOM are those from the Mississippi River, Yukon River, and Suwannee River, while model-DOM include those containing thiosalicylic acid, L-glutathione, dextran, alginic acid, and humic acid. We selected a MeHg concentration (100 n-mol/L) that reduces the survival rate of embryos at 24 hpf by 18% and increases malformations at 72 and 96 hpf. In the presence of DOM, however, the malformation rates induced by MeHg can be mitigated to a different extent depending on DOM concentrations, specific functional groups, and/or specific components. Model DOM with aromatic thiols was the most effective at mitigating the effects of MeHg, followed by L-glutathione, carbohydrates, and humic acid. NOM also mitigated the toxicity of MeHg dependent on their composition and/or effective DOM components as characterized by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix techniques. Specifically, humic-like DOM components are more effective in reducing the MeHg toxicity in the embryonic zebrafish compared to protein-like components. Further studies are needed to elucidate the interactions between DOM and MeHg and the mitigative mechanisms at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Michael J Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Laodong Guo
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng N, Wang S, Dong W, Hua X, Li Y, Song X, Chu Q, Hou S, Li Y. The Toxicological Effects of Mercury Exposure in Marine Fish. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:714-720. [PMID: 30949738 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the Minamata incident in Japan, the public have become increasingly aware of the negative health effects caused by mercury pollution in the ocean. Consequently, there has been significant interest in the health of humans eating fish exposed to mercury (Hg). However, the toxicity of mercury to the marine fish themselves has received far less attention. In this review, we summarize mercury accumulation in marine fish and the toxicological effects of mercury exposure. Results showed that the bioaccumulation of mercury in marine fish was highly variable, and its concentration was affected by the specific physiological and ecological characteristics of different fish species. Mercury exposure can produce teratogenic, neurotoxic effects, and reproductive toxicity. These effects can then cause harm to cells, tissues, proteins and genes, and ultimately, the survival, growth, and behavior of marine fish. Future studies should afford more attention to the toxicological effect of mercury exposure upon marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China.
| | - Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory Toxinscant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028043, China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
| | - Qingwen Chu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory Toxinscant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028043, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Y, Su G, Li M, Li S, Wang Q, Zhu G, Letcher RJ, Liu C. Chemical and biological transfer: Which one is responsible for the maternal transfer toxicity of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate in zebrafish? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1376-1382. [PMID: 30273864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer toxicity of chemicals has mainly focused in fish on the chemical transfer from maternal generation to offspring, and limited information is available for the evaluation of effects of chemicals from a biological transfer perspective. In this study, first-generation (F0) zebrafish larvae (D. rerio) were exposed to 0, 50, 500 or 5000 ng/L TDCIPP from 14 days post fertilization (dpf) to 120 dpf. F0-generation zebrafish were paired, and F1-generation embryos were collected and continuously exposed to the same concentrations of TDCIPP until 150 dpf. F1-generation females were then paired with unexposed adult males, and maternal transfer effects on survival rate and body length were evaluated. Results demonstrated that maternal exposure to TDCIPP for two generations significantly decreased body length of F2-generation larvae, suggesting the occurrence of maternal transfer toxicity. The transfer of TDCIPP from maternal generation to offspring was evident, but microinjection of equal amounts of TDCIPP did not affect survival and body length of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, maternal exposure to TDCIPP changed the concentrations of partial mRNAs and proteins in their eggs, and those changes were linked to maternal transfer toxicity (e.g., growth inhibition). These results suggested that in zebrafish changes in biological transfer may explain, at least in part, the observed maternal transfer toxicity of TDCIPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nielsen KM, Zhang Y, Curran TE, Magnuson JT, Venables BJ, Durrer KE, Allen MS, Roberts AP. Alterations to the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome of Pimephales promelas and Mus musculus Following Exposure to Dietary Methylmercury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8774-8784. [PMID: 29943971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a global contaminant, which may be microbially transformed into methylmercury (MeHg), which bioaccumulates. This results in potentially toxic body burdens in high trophic level organisms in aquatic ecosystems and maternal transfer to offspring. We previously demonstrated effects on developing fish including hyperactivity, altered time-to-hatch, reduced survival, and dysregulation of the dopaminergic system. A link between gut microbiota and central nervous system function in teleosts has been established with implications for behavior. We sequenced gut microbiomes of fathead minnows exposed to dietary MeHg to determine microbiome effects. Dietary exposures were repeated with adult CD-1 mice. Metabolomics was used to screen for metabolome changes in mouse brain and larval fish, and results indicate effects on lipid metabolism and neurotransmission, supported by microbiome data. Findings suggest environmentally relevant exposure scenarios may cause xenobiotic-mediated dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, contributing to neurotoxicity. Furthermore, small-bodied teleosts may be a useful model species for studying certain types of neurodegenerative diseases, in lieu of higher vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd. , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Thomas E Curran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Barney J Venables
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Katherine E Durrer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd. , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Michael S Allen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd. , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
DeBofsky AR, Klingler RH, Mora-Zamorano FX, Walz M, Shepherd B, Larson JK, Anderson D, Yang L, Goetz F, Basu N, Head J, Tonellato P, Armstrong BM, Murphy C, Carvan MJ. Female reproductive impacts of dietary methylmercury in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:301-311. [PMID: 29272799 PMCID: PMC8846966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmentally relevant dietary MeHg exposures on adult female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and female zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovarian development and reproduction. Yellow perch were used in the study for their socioeconomic and ecological importance within the Great Lakes basin, and the use of zebrafish allowed for a detailed analysis of the molecular effects of MeHg following a whole life-cycle exposure. Chronic whole life dietary exposure of F1 zebrafish to MeHg mimics realistic wildlife exposure scenarios, and the twenty-week adult yellow perch exposure (where whole life-cycle exposures are difficult) captures early seasonal ovarian development. For both species, target dietary accumulation values were achieved prior to analyses. In zebrafish, several genes involved in reproductive processes were shown to be dysregulated by RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), but no significant phenotypic changes were observed regarding ovarian staging, fecundity, or embryo mortality. Yellow perch were exposed to dietary MeHg for 12, 16, or 20 weeks. In this species, a set of eight genes were assessed by QPCR in the pituitary, liver, and ovary, and no exposure-related changes were observed. The lack of genomic resources in yellow perch hinders the characterization of subtle molecular impacts. The ovarian somatic index, circulating estradiol and testosterone, and ovarian staging were not significantly altered by MeHg exposure in yellow perch. These results suggest that environmentally relevant MeHg exposures do not drastically reduce the reproductively important endpoints in these fish, but to capture realistic exposure scenarios, whole life-cycle yellow perch exposures are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R DeBofsky
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebekah H Klingler
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Marcus Walz
- Laboratory for Public Health Informatics and Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian Shepherd
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy K Larson
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Laboratory for Public Health Informatics and Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Luobin Yang
- Molecular Research Core Facility, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Frederick Goetz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Tonellato
- Laboratory for Public Health Informatics and Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brandon M Armstrong
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael J Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Govoni JJ, Morris JA, Evans DW. Tracing Dietary Mercury Histochemically, with Autometallography, through the Liver to the Ovaries and Spawned Eggs of the Spot, a Temperate Coastal Marine Fish. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:173-180. [PMID: 28686515 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2017.1349009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury (Hg) results in reproductive abnormalities and deficiencies in female fish. We traced the maternal assimilation and redistribution of dietary inorganic (HgII) and organic (MeHg) forms of Hg in a coastal marine fish, the Spot Leiostomus xanthurus. We conducted a 90-d laboratory experiment in which treatment Spot were fed muscle of Blue Marlin Makaira nigricans with elevated concentrations of Hg mixed with a commercial fish food, while control Spot were fed only commercial food pellets. Gonadal maturation was induced by shortening the photoperiod and increasing the temperature. Spawning was induced by intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin at 100 IU/kg. Solid-sampling atomic absorption spectrophotometry measured the total Hg (THg), HgII, and MeHg in Blue Marlin muscle. Autometallography located Hg-sulfide granules in the liver, ovaries, and spawned eggs, and densitometry provided comparisons of Hg-sulfide granules in the ovaries of treatment and control Spot. Overall, the intensity and prevalence of Hg-sulfide granules were greater in the liver, ovaries, and eggs from treatment Spot than in those from controls. The tissue and cellular distribution of Hg-sulfide granules differed. Received November 18, 2016; accepted June 18, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Govoni
- a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research , 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort , North Carolina 28516 , USA
| | - James A Morris
- a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research , 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort , North Carolina 28516 , USA
| | - David W Evans
- a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research , 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort , North Carolina 28516 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mora-Zamorano F, Klingler R, Basu N, Head J, Murphy CA, Binkowski FP, Larson JK, Carvan MJ. Developmental Methylmercury Exposure Affects Swimming Behavior and Foraging Efficiency of Yellow Perch ( Perca flavescens) Larvae. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4870-4877. [PMID: 28884165 PMCID: PMC5579541 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a pervasive and ubiquitous environmental neurotoxicant within aquatic ecosystems, known to alter behavior in fish and other vertebrates. This study sought to assess the behavioral effects of developmental MeHg exposure on larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens)-a nonmodel fish species native to the Great Lakes. Embryos were exposed to MeHg (0, 30, 100, 300, and 1000 nM) for 20 h and then reared to 25 days post fertilization (dpf) for analyses of spontaneous swimming, visual motor response (VMR), and foraging efficiency. MeHg exposures rendered total mercury (THg) body burdens of 0.02, 0.21, 0.95, 3.14, and 14.93 μg/g (wet weight). Organisms exposed to 1000 nM exhibited high mortality; thus, they were excluded from downstream behavioral analyses. All MeHg exposures tested were associated with a reduction in spontaneous swimming at 17 and 25 dpf. Exposure to 30 and 100 nM MeHg caused altered locomotor output during the VMR assay at 21 dpf, whereas exposure to 100 nM MeHg was associated with decreased foraging efficiency at 25 dpf. For the sake of comparison, the second-lowest exposure tested here rendered a THg burden that represents the permissible level of consumable fish in the United States. Moreover, this dose is reported in roughly two-thirds of consumable fish species monitored in the United States, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Although the THg body burdens reported here were higher than expected in the environment, our study is the first to analyze the effects of MeHg exposure on fundamental survival behaviors of yellow perch larvae and advances in the exploration of the ecological relevance of behavioral end points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco
X. Mora-Zamorano
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Rebekah Klingler
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department
of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street W, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Department
of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street W, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Cheryl A. Murphy
- Department
of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, 220 Trowbridge
Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Frederick P. Binkowski
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Jeremy K. Larson
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Michael J. Carvan
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield
Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: +1(414)-382-1700. Fax: +1(414)-382-1705
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Utilizing Zebrafish Visual Behaviors in Drug Screening for Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061185. [PMID: 28574477 PMCID: PMC5486008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a popular vertebrate model in drug discovery. They produce a large number of small and rapidly-developing embryos. These embryos display rich visual-behaviors that can be used to screen drugs for treating retinal degeneration (RD). RD comprises blinding diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa, which affects 1 in 4000 people. This disease has no definitive cure, emphasizing an urgency to identify new drugs. In this review, we will discuss advantages, challenges, and research developments in using zebrafish behaviors to screen drugs in vivo. We will specifically discuss a visual-motor response that can potentially expedite discovery of new RD drugs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Carvan MJ, Kalluvila TA, Klingler RH, Larson JK, Pickens M, Mora-Zamorano FX, Connaughton VP, Sadler-Riggleman I, Beck D, Skinner MK. Mercury-induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of abnormal neurobehavior is correlated with sperm epimutations in zebrafish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176155. [PMID: 28464002 PMCID: PMC5413066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous environmental neurotoxicant, with human exposures predominantly resulting from fish consumption. Developmental exposure of zebrafish to MeHg is known to alter their neurobehavior. The current study investigated the direct exposure and transgenerational effects of MeHg, at tissue doses similar to those detected in exposed human populations, on sperm epimutations (i.e., differential DNA methylation regions [DMRs]) and neurobehavior (i.e., visual startle and spontaneous locomotion) in zebrafish, an established human health model. F0 generation embryos were exposed to MeHg (0, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 nM) for 24 hours ex vivo. F0 generation control and MeHg-exposed lineages were reared to adults and bred to yield the F1 generation, which was subsequently bred to the F2 generation. Direct exposure (F0 generation) and transgenerational actions (F2 generation) were then evaluated. Hyperactivity and visual deficit were observed in the unexposed descendants (F2 generation) of the MeHg-exposed lineage compared to control. An increase in F2 generation sperm epimutations was observed relative to the F0 generation. Investigation of the DMRs in the F2 generation MeHg-exposed lineage sperm revealed associated genes in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and actin-cytoskeleton pathways being effected, which correlate to the observed neurobehavioral phenotypes. Developmental MeHg-induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of abnormal neurobehavior is correlated with sperm epimutations in F2 generation adult zebrafish. Therefore, mercury can promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease in zebrafish, which significantly impacts its environmental health considerations in all species including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas A. Kalluvila
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rebekah H. Klingler
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jeremy K. Larson
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew Pickens
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Francisco X. Mora-Zamorano
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bridges K, Venables B, Roberts A. Effects of dietary methylmercury on the dopaminergic system of adult fathead minnows and their offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1077-1084. [PMID: 27677528 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and potent neurotoxin, which may be transformed by bacteria in aquatic ecosystems to methylmercury (MeHg), an organic form which bioaccumulates and biomagnifies. Consequently, long-lived organisms at the top of the food web are at risk of dietary MeHg exposure, which can be actively transferred from mother to offspring. Exposure during neurodevelopment can lead to serious, irreversible neurological dysfunction, associated with a variety of cognitive and motor abnormalities. At low dietary concentrations, MeHg exposure has been associated with deficits in attention and hyperactivity in multiple species. Pathways associated with cognitive function and motor activity are primarily associated with the dopaminergic system. The present study used a model fish species, Pimephales promelas, to examine the effects of MeHg exposure on dopamine concentrations and monoamine oxidase activity in embryos and adult brains. Adult fatheads were exposed for 30 d to either a control or a treated diet (0.72 ppm Hg). Embryonic and larval exposures were a result of maternal transfer of dietary MeHg. The authors confirmed hyperactive behaviors in embryos and detected significant changes in embryonic dopamine concentrations. Similar effects on dopamine concentrations were seen in the telencephalon of adult brains. Exposure to MeHg also corresponded with a significant decrease in monoamine oxidase activity in both embryos and brain tissue. Collectively, these results suggest that current exposure scenarios in North America are sufficient to induce alterations to this highly conserved neurochemical pathway in offspring, which may have adverse effects on fish behavior and cognition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1077-1084. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bridges
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Applied Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Barney Venables
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Applied Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Applied Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lovely C, Rampersad M, Fernandes Y, Eberhart J. Gene-environment interactions in development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6:10.1002/wdev.247. [PMID: 27626243 PMCID: PMC5191946 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developmental geneticists continue to make substantial jumps in our understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate development. This understanding stems predominantly from analyses of genetically tractable model organisms developing in laboratory environments. This environment is vastly different from that in which human development occurs. As such, most causes of developmental defects in humans are thought to involve multifactorial gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. In this review, we discuss how gene-environment interactions with environmental teratogens may predispose embryos to structural malformations. We elaborate on the growing number of gene-ethanol interactions that might underlie susceptibility to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e247. doi: 10.1002/wdev.247 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lovely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mindy Rampersad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yohaan Fernandes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Johann Eberhart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maternal methylmercury from a wild-caught walleye diet induces developmental abnormalities in zebrafish. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:272-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
31
|
The Nicotine-Evoked Locomotor Response: A Behavioral Paradigm for Toxicity Screening in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos and Eleutheroembryos Exposed to Methylmercury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154570. [PMID: 27123921 PMCID: PMC4849578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is an adaptation of the nicotine-evoked locomotor response (NLR) assay, which was originally utilized for phenotype-based neurotoxicity screening in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos do not exhibit spontaneous swimming until roughly 4 days post-fertilization (dpf), however, a robust swimming response can be induced as early as 36 hours post-fertilization (hpf) by means of acute nicotine exposure (30–240μM). Here, the NLR was tested as a tool for early detection of locomotor phenotypes in 36, 48 and 72 hpf mutant zebrafish embryos of the non-touch-responsive maco strain; this assay successfully discriminated mutant embryos from their non-mutant siblings. Then, methylmercury (MeHg) was used as a proof-of-concept neurotoxicant to test the effectiveness of the NLR assay as a screening tool in toxicology. The locomotor effects of MeHg were evaluated in 6 dpf wild type eleutheroembryos exposed to waterborne MeHg (0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.1μM). Afterwards, the NLR assay was tested in 48 hpf embryos subjected to the same MeHg exposure regimes. Embryos exposed to 0.01 and 0.03μM of MeHg exhibited significant increases in locomotion in both scenarios. These findings suggest that similar locomotor phenotypes observed in free swimming fish can be detected as early as 48 hpf, when locomotion is induced with nicotine.
Collapse
|