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Pöhlker ML, Pöhlker C, Quaas J, Mülmenstädt J, Pozzer A, Andreae MO, Artaxo P, Block K, Coe H, Ervens B, Gallimore P, Gaston CJ, Gunthe SS, Henning S, Herrmann H, Krüger OO, McFiggans G, Poulain L, Raj SS, Reyes-Villegas E, Royer HM, Walter D, Wang Y, Pöschl U. Global organic and inorganic aerosol hygroscopicity and its effect on radiative forcing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6139. [PMID: 37783680 PMCID: PMC10545666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The climate effects of atmospheric aerosol particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) depend on chemical composition and hygroscopicity, which are highly variable on spatial and temporal scales. Here we present global CCN measurements, covering diverse environments from pristine to highly polluted conditions. We show that the effective aerosol hygroscopicity, κ, can be derived accurately from the fine aerosol mass fractions of organic particulate matter (ϵorg) and inorganic ions (ϵinorg) through a linear combination, κ = ϵorg ⋅ κorg + ϵinorg ⋅ κinorg. In spite of the chemical complexity of organic matter, its hygroscopicity is well captured and represented by a global average value of κorg = 0.12 ± 0.02 with κinorg = 0.63 ± 0.01 as the corresponding value for inorganic ions. By showing that the sensitivity of global climate forcing to changes in κorg and κinorg is small, we constrain a critically important aspect of global climate modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira L Pöhlker
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Atmospheric Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christopher Pöhlker
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Quaas
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Mülmenstädt
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Andrea Pozzer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Meinrat O Andreae
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karoline Block
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hugh Coe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barbara Ervens
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Gallimore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cassandra J Gaston
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149-1031, USA
| | - Sachin S Gunthe
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- Center for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Silvia Henning
- Atmospheric Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ovid O Krüger
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gordon McFiggans
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Subha S Raj
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ernesto Reyes-Villegas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, 45201, Mexico
| | - Haley M Royer
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149-1031, USA
| | - David Walter
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuan Wang
- Atmospheric Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Guo W, Zhang X, Huang Y, He E, Li R, Yan B, Wang H, Mei F, Liu M, Zhu Z. Molecular Imaging Reveals Two Distinct Mixing States of PM 2.5 Particles Sampled in a Typical Beijing Winter Pollution Case. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6273-6283. [PMID: 37022139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixing states of aerosol particles are crucial for understanding the role of aerosols in influencing air quality and climate. However, a fundamental understanding of the complex mixing states is still lacking because most traditional analysis techniques only reveal bulk chemical and physical properties with limited surface and 3-D information. In this research, 3-D molecular imaging enabled by ToF-SIMS was used to elucidate the mixing states of PM2.5 samples obtained from a typical Beijing winter haze event. In light pollution cases, a thin organic layer covers separated inorganic particles; while in serious pollution cases, ion exchange and an organic-inorganic mixing surface on large-area particles were observed. The new results provide key 3-D molecular information of mixing states, which is highly potential for reducing uncertainty and bias in representing aerosol-cloud interactions in current Earth System Models and improving the understanding of aerosols on air quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Wenxiao Guo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Erkai He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Runkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Fan Mei
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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3
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Wang J, Ma X, Ji Y, Ji Y, Gao Y, Xiao Y, Li G, An T. Competing esterification and oligomerization reactions of typical long-chain alcohols to secondary organic aerosol formation. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:103-112. [PMID: 36503740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfate (OSA) nanoparticles, as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compositions, are ubiquitous in urban and rural environments. Hence, we systemically investigated the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of 1-butanol/1-decanol (BOL/DOL) and their roles in the formation of OSA nanoparticles by using quantum chemical and kinetic calculations. The mechanism results show that the aqueous-phase reactions of BOL/DOL start from initial protonation at alcoholic OH-groups to form carbenium ions (CBs), which engage in the subsequent esterification or oligomerization reactions to form OSAs/organosulfites (OSIs) or dimers. The kinetic results reveal that dehydration to form CBs for BOL and DOL reaction systems is the rate-limiting step. Subsequently, about 18% of CBs occur via oligomerization to dimers, which are difficult to further oligomerize because all reactive sites are occupied. The rate constant of BOL reaction system is one order of magnitude larger than that of DOL reaction system, implying that relative short-chain alcohols are more prone to contribute OSAs/OSIs than long-chain alcohols. Our results reveal that typical long-chain alcohols contribute SOA formation via esterification rather than oligomerization because OSA/OSI produced by esterification engages in nanoparticle growth through enhancing hygroscopicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongpeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Ma J, Ungeheuer F, Zheng F, Du W, Wang Y, Cai J, Zhou Y, Yan C, Liu Y, Kulmala M, Daellenbach KR, Vogel AL. Nontarget Screening Exhibits a Seasonal Cycle of PM 2.5 Organic Aerosol Composition in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7017-7028. [PMID: 35302359 PMCID: PMC9179655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular composition of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in the urban environment is complex, and it remains a challenge to identify its sources and formation pathways. Here, we report the seasonal variation of the molecular composition of organic aerosols (OA), based on 172 PM2.5 filter samples collected in Beijing, China, from February 2018 to March 2019. We applied a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) on a large nontarget-screening data set and found a strong seasonal difference in the OA chemical composition. Molecular fingerprints of the major compound clusters exhibit a unique molecular pattern in the Van Krevelen-space. We found that summer OA in Beijing features a higher degree of oxidation and a higher proportion of organosulfates (OSs) in comparison to OA during wintertime, which exhibits a high contribution from (nitro-)aromatic compounds. OSs appeared with a high intensity in summer-haze conditions, indicating the importance of anthropogenic enhancement of secondary OA in summer Beijing. Furthermore, we quantified the contribution of the four main compound clusters to total OA using surrogate standards. With this approach, we are able to explain a small fraction of the OA (∼11-14%) monitored by the Time-of-Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ToF-ACSM). However, we observe a strong correlation between the sum of the quantified clusters and OA measured by the ToF-ACSM, indicating that the identified clusters represent the major variability of OA seasonal cycles. This study highlights the potential of using nontarget screening in combination with HCA for gaining a better understanding of the molecular composition and the origin of OA in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Ma
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Ungeheuer
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Feixue Zheng
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ying Zhou
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaspar R. Daellenbach
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L. Vogel
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Gao K, Zhu T. Analytical methods for organosulfate detection in aerosol particles: Current status and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147244. [PMID: 34088066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs) are well-known water-soluble constituents of atmospheric aerosol particles. They are formed from multiphase reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their photooxidation products, and acidic sulfate originating from biogenic and anthropogenic sources in the atmosphere. Although the analytical procedures used to measure OSs, including sampling, pre-treatment, and instrumental detection, have advanced substantially in the last decade, there is still a need for accurate and standardized analysis procedures for the identification, quantification, and comparison of OSs in different regions. Additionally, there has no study focused on the health effects of OSs. This review outlines the analytical methods developed for OS detection during the last decade, highlighting both improvements and drawbacks. It also considers the future development of analytical methods for OS detection, and proposes the establishment of OSs screening method from the perspective of health effects to solve the problem of unknown health related OSs identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Yee LD, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Wernis RA, Kreisberg NM, Glasius M, Riva M, Surratt JD, de Sá SS, Martin ST, Alexander ML, Palm BB, Hu W, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Liu Y, Misztal PK, Artaxo P, Viegas J, Manzi A, de Souza RAF, Edgerton ES, Baumann K, Goldstein AH. Natural and Anthropogenically Influenced Isoprene Oxidation in Southeastern United States and Central Amazon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5980-5991. [PMID: 32271021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions alter secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry from naturally emitted isoprene. We use correlations of tracers and tracer ratios to provide new perspectives on sulfate, NOx, and particle acidity influencing isoprene-derived SOA in two isoprene-rich forested environments representing clean to polluted conditions-wet and dry seasons in central Amazonia and Southeastern U.S. summer. We used a semivolatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) and filter samplers to measure SOA tracers indicative of isoprene/HO2 (2-methyltetrols, C5-alkene triols, 2-methyltetrol organosulfates) and isoprene/NOx (2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methylglyceric acid organosulfate) pathways. Summed concentrations of these tracers correlated with particulate sulfate spanning three orders of magnitude, suggesting that 1 μg m-3 reduction in sulfate corresponds with at least ∼0.5 μg m-3 reduction in isoprene-derived SOA. We also find that isoprene/NOx pathway SOA mass primarily comprises organosulfates, ∼97% in the Amazon and ∼55% in Southeastern United States. We infer under natural conditions in high isoprene emission regions that preindustrial aerosol sulfate was almost exclusively isoprene-derived organosulfates, which are traditionally thought of as representative of an anthropogenic influence. We further report the first field observations showing that particle acidity correlates positively with 2-methylglyceric acid partitioning to the gas phase and negatively with the ratio of 2-methyltetrols to C5-alkene triols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Yee
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca A Wernis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Suzane S de Sá
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - M Lizabeth Alexander
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brett B Palm
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yingjun Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01451, United States
| | - Pawel K Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-020
| | - Juarez Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 69060-001
| | - Antonio Manzi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 69060-001
| | | | - Eric S Edgerton
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Karsten Baumann
- Atmospheric Research & Analysis, Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Brüggemann M, Xu R, Tilgner A, Kwong KC, Mutzel A, Poon HY, Otto T, Schaefer T, Poulain L, Chan MN, Herrmann H. Organosulfates in Ambient Aerosol: State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions on Formation, Abundance, Fate, and Importance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3767-3782. [PMID: 32157872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs), also referred to as organic sulfate esters, are well-known and ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric aerosol particles. Commonly, they are assumed to form upon mixing of air masses of biogenic and anthropogenic origin, that is, through multiphase reactions between organic compounds and acidic sulfate particles. However, in contrast to this simplified picture, recent studies suggest that OSs may also originate from purely anthropogenic precursors or even directly from biomass and fossil fuel burning. Moreover, besides classical OS formation pathways, several alternative routes have been discovered, suggesting that OS formation possibly occurs through a wider variety of formation mechanisms in the atmosphere than initially expected. During the past decade, OSs have reached a constantly growing attention within the atmospheric science community with evermore studies reporting on large numbers of OS species in ambient aerosol. Nonetheless, estimates on OS concentrations and implications on atmospheric physicochemical processes are still connected to large uncertainties, calling for combined field, laboratory, and modeling studies. In this Critical Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge in atmospheric OS research, discuss unresolved questions, and outline future research needs, also in view of reductions of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Particularly, we focus on (1) field measurements of OSs and measurement techniques, (2) formation pathways of OSs and their atmospheric relevance, (3) transformation, reactivity, and fate of OSs in atmospheric particles, and (4) modeling efforts of OS formation and their global abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brüggemann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rongshuang Xu
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Chung Kwong
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hon Yin Poon
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tobias Otto
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Man Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Vogel AL, Lauer A, Fang L, Arturi K, Bachmeier F, Daellenbach KR, Käser T, Vlachou A, Pospisilova V, Baltensperger U, Haddad IE, Schwikowski M, Bjelić S. A Comprehensive Nontarget Analysis for the Molecular Reconstruction of Organic Aerosol Composition from Glacier Ice Cores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12565-12575. [PMID: 31566955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ice cores are climate archives suitable for the reconstruction of past atmospheric composition changes. Ice core analysis provides valuable insight into the chemical nature of aerosols and enables constraining emission inventories of primary emissions and of gas-phase precursors. Changes in the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can affect formation rates and mechanisms as well as chemical composition of aerosols during the preindustrial era, key information for understanding aerosol climate effects. Here, we present an analytical method for the reconstruction of organic aerosol composition preserved in glacier ice cores. A solid-phase-extraction method, optimized toward oxidation products of biogenic VOCs, provides an enrichment factor of ∼200 and quantitative recovery for compounds of interest. We applied the preconcentration method on ice core samples from the high-alpine Fiescherhorn glacier (Swiss Alps), and used high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry as a sensitive detection method. We describe a nontarget analysis that screens for organic molecules in the ice core samples. We evaluate the atmospheric origin of the detected compounds in the ice by molecular-resolved comparison with airborne particulate matter samples from the nearby high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch. The presented method is able to shed light upon the history of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in the anthropocene, a research field in paleoclimatology with considerable potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Vogel
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Anja Lauer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Ling Fang
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Arturi
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Franziska Bachmeier
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences , Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Kaspar R Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Timon Käser
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Athanasia Vlachou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Margit Schwikowski
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Saša Bjelić
- Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
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9
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Duan J, Wang Y, Xie X, Li M, Tao J, Wu Y, Cheng T, Zhang R, Liu Y, Li X, He Q, Gao W, Wang J. Influence of pollutants on activity of aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) during pollution and post-rain periods in Guangzhou, southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:1008-1019. [PMID: 30045484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutions have an important impact on aerosol, condensation nuclei (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) loadings near the ground through disturbing particle size, number, chemical composition and reactions, mixing state, hygroscopicity, and so on. Aerosols and CCN were measured in urban Guangzhou during pollution and post-rain periods to examine effects of particulate pollutants on aerosol CCN activity and compare their mechanisms between summer and winter. In contrast with different levels of pollutions, particle matter (PM2.5) and number (CN) and CCN almost showed an opposite trend to aerosol activity (CCN/CN). In summer, new particle formation (NPF) events triggered by photochemical reactions (e.g. O3) always occurred in no-pollution daytime, and increased significantly CN and CCN as a dominant contributor to secondary aerosols. Under pollution conditions, the gas-to-particle transition driven by photochemical reactions guided the formation and aging processes of particles in daytime, especially in changing soluble species, whereas atmospheric oxidation and heterogeneous reactions dominated at night. In winter, stagnant weather conditions, high pollutant levels and relatively high RH were in favor of particle growing and aging through enhancing secondary particle formation and heterogeneous reactions. The wet scavenging of precipitation reduced greatly CCN amount by scouring pre-existing particles in winter, and during post-rain period the photochemical reactions did not promote the burst of secondary particle formation in the absence of ozone, compared with summer. The results may provide insights into the relationship between aerosol moisture absorption and pollution that may be useful for improving air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jun Tao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Region Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia (TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tiantao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Region Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia (TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianshan He
- Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 20030, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Shanxi Meteorological Observatory, Xi'an 710014, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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11
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Vogel AL, Schneider J, Müller-Tautges C, Klimach T, Hoffmann T. Aerosol Chemistry Resolved by Mass Spectrometry: Insights into Particle Growth after Ambient New Particle Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10814-10822. [PMID: 27709900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) yields a large number of different organic molecules which comprise a wide range of volatility. Depending on their volatility, they can be involved in new particle formation and particle growth, thus affecting the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei in the atmosphere. Here, we identified oxidation products of VOCs in the particle phase during a field study at a rural mountaintop station in central Germany. We used atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry ((-)APCI-MS) and aerosol mass spectrometry for time-resolved measurements of organic species and of the total organic aerosol (OA) mass in the size range of 0.02-2.5 and 0.05-0.6 μm, respectively. The elemental composition of organic molecules was determined by offline analysis of colocated PM 2.5 filter samples using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. We found extremely low volatile organic compounds, likely from sesquiterpene oxidation, being the predominant signals in the (-)APCI-MS mass spectrum during new particle formation. Low volatile organic compounds started to dominate the spectrum when the newly formed particles were growing to larger diameters. Furthermore, the APCI-MS mass spectra pattern indicated that the average molecular weight of the OA fraction ranged between 270 and 340 amu, being inversely related to OA mass. Our observations can help further the understanding of which biogenic precursors and which chemical processes drive particle growth after atmospheric new-particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Vogel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Schneider
- Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Müller-Tautges
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Klimach
- Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
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