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Yun HY, Kim IS, Shin KH. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis Provides Direct Evidence for Identifying the Source of Residual Pesticides Diazinon and Procymidone in the Soil-Plant System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11980-11989. [PMID: 38758169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis stands as a promising tool for unveiling the behavior of pesticides in agricultural environments. Using the commercial formulations of persistent fungicide procymidone (PRO) and less persistent insecticide diazinon (DIA), respectively, we analyzed the concentration and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of the residual pesticides through soil incubation experiments in a greenhouse (for 150 days) and lab conditions (for 50-70 days). Our results showed that the magnitude of δ13C variation depends on pesticide specificity, in which PRO in the soil exhibited little variation in δ13C values over the entire incubation times, while DIA demonstrated an increased δ13C value, with the extent of δ13C variability affected by different spiking concentrations, plant presence, and light conditions. Moreover, the pesticides extracted from soils were isotopically overlapped with those from crop lettuce. Ultimately, the isotope composition of pesticides could infer the degradation and translocation processes and might contribute to identifying the source(s) of pesticide formulation in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Yun
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - In-Seon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
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2
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Masbou J, Höhener P, Payraudeau S, Martin-Laurent F, Imfeld G. Stable isotope composition of pesticides in commercial formulations: The ISOTOPEST database. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141488. [PMID: 38368960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
By assessing the changes in stable isotope compositions within individual pesticide molecules, Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) holds the potential to identify and differentiate sources and quantify pesticide degradation in the environment. However, the environmental application of pesticide CSIA is limited by the general lack of knowledge regarding the initial isotopic composition of active substances in commercially available formulations used by farmers. To address this limitation, we established a database aimed at cataloguing and disseminating isotopic signatures in commercial formulations to expand the use of pesticide CSIA. Our study involved the collection of 25 analytical standards and 120 commercial pesticide formulations from 23 manufacturers. Subsequently, 59 commercial formulations and 25 standards were extracted, and each of their active substance was analyzed for both δ13C (n = 84) and δ15N CSIA (n = 43). The extraction of pesticides did not cause significant isotope fractionation (Δ13C and Δ15N < 1‰). Incorporating existing literature data, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures varied in a relatively narrow range among pesticide formulations for different pesticides (Δ13C and Δ15N < 10‰) and within different formulations for a single substance (Δ13C and Δ15N < 2‰). Overall, this suggests that pesticide CSIA is more suited for identifying pesticide transformation processes rather than differentiating pesticide sources. Moreover, an inter-laboratory comparison showed similar δ13C (Δ13C ≤ 1.2 ‰) for the targeted substances albeit varying GC-IRMS instruments. Insignificant carbon isotopic fractionation (Δ13C < 0.5‰) was observed after 4 years of storing the same pesticide formulations, confirming their viability for long-term storage at 4 °C and future inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Altogether, the ISOTOPEST database, in open access for public use and additional contributions, marks a significant advancement in establishing an environmentally relevant pesticide CSIA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Masbou
- CNRS, ENGEES, Institut Terre Et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES, UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- CNRS, UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- CNRS, ENGEES, Institut Terre Et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES, UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- Institut Agro Dijon, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- CNRS, ENGEES, Institut Terre Et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES, UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Kuznetsova OV. Current trends and challenges in the analysis of marine environmental contaminants by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:71-85. [PMID: 37979060 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of organic and inorganic pollutants are being detected in the marine environment, posing a severe threat to the ecosystem and human health, even in trace concentrations. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is one of the critical methods for determining the origin and fate of environmental pollutants and characterising their transformation processes. It has been used for a relatively long time for ecological monitoring of some well-studied industrial hydrocarbons at contaminated sites. However, the method still faces many analytical challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent technical advances concerning IRMS analysis of various contaminants and discusses typical pitfalls encountered in marine environment analysis. Particular attention is given to the study of sampling techniques and sample preparation for examination, often the keys to successful research given the complexity of marine matrices and the diverse and numerous nature of contaminants. Prospects for developing IRMS to monitor pollution sources and pollutant transformation in the marine environment are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kuznetsova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Kosygin St. 19, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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4
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Badea SL, Niculescu VC, Popescu Stegarus DI, Geana EI, Ciucure CT, Botoran OR, Ionete RE. Recent progresses in compound specific isotope analysis of halogenated persistent organic pollutants. Assessing the transformation of halogenated persistent organic pollutants at contaminated sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165344. [PMID: 37414185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Compound specific isotope analysis was extensively used to characterise the environmental processes associated with the abiotic and biotic transformation of persistent halogenated organic pollutants including those of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). In the last years, the compound specific isotope analysis was applied as tool to evaluate the environmental fate and was expanded to larger molecules like brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls. Multi-element (C, H, Cl, Br) CSIA methods have been also employed both in laboratory and field experiments. Nevertheless, despite the instrumental advances of isotope ratio mass spectrometers systems, the instrumental detection limit for gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-C-IRMS) systems is challenging, especially when it is utilized to δ13C analysis. Liquid chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry methods are challenging, taking into consideration the chromatographic resolution required when analysing complex mixtures. For chiral contaminants, enantioselective stable isotope analysis (ESIA) has turned up as alternative approach but, up to now, it has been used for a limited number of compounds. Taking into consideration the occurrence of new emerging halogenated organic contaminants, new GC and LC methods for non-target screening using high resolution mass spectrometry are needed to be developed prior to the compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Laurentiu Badea
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 4(th) Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania.
| | - Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 4(th) Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Diana-Ionela Popescu Stegarus
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 4(th) Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Elisabeta-Irina Geana
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 4(th) Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Corina-Teodora Ciucure
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 4(th) Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Oana-Romina Botoran
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 4(th) Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Roxana-Elena Ionete
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, 4(th) Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
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Neubauer C, Kantnerová K, Lamothe A, Savarino J, Hilkert A, Juchelka D, Hinrichs KU, Elvert M, Heuer V, Elsner M, Bakkour R, Julien M, Öztoprak M, Schouten S, Hattori S, Dittmar T. Discovering Nature's Fingerprints: Isotope Ratio Analysis on Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:525-537. [PMID: 36971362 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For a generation or more, the mass spectrometry that developed at the frontier of molecular biology was worlds apart from isotope ratio mass spectrometry, a label-free approach done on optimized gas-source magnetic sector instruments. Recent studies show that electrospray-ionization Orbitraps and other mass spectrometers widely used in the life sciences can be fine-tuned for high-precision isotope ratio analysis. Since isotope patterns form everywhere in nature based on well-understood principles, intramolecular isotope measurements allow unique insights into a fascinating range of research topics. This Perspective introduces a wider readership to current topics in stable isotope research with the aim of discussing how soft-ionization mass spectrometry coupled with ultrahigh mass resolution can enable long-envisioned progress. We highlight novel prospects of observing isotopes in intact polar compounds and speculate on future directions of this adventure into the overlapping realms of biology, chemistry, and geology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajetan Neubauer
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Kristýna Kantnerová
- University of Colorado Boulder & Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Alexis Lamothe
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INP, IGE, Grenoble 38400, France
| | - Joel Savarino
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INP, IGE, Grenoble 38400, France
| | | | | | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcus Elvert
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Verena Heuer
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rani Bakkour
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maxime Julien
- GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Merve Öztoprak
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel 1797 SZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schouten
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel 1797 SZ, Netherlands
| | - Shohei Hattori
- International Center for Isotope Effects Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Zhao Z, Li J, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang J, Lin T. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater: current understandings and challenges to overcome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49513-49533. [PMID: 35593984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been frequently detected in groundwater globally. With the phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanate (PFOA) due to their risk to the ecosystem and human population, various novel PFASs have been used as replacements and detected in groundwater. In order to summarize the current understanding and knowledge gaps on PFASs in groundwater, we reviewed the studies about environmental occurrence, transport, and risk of legacy and novel PFASs in groundwater published from 1999 to 2021. Our review suggests that PFOS and PFOA could still be detected in groundwater due to the long residence time and the retention in the soil-groundwater system. Firefighting training sites, industrial parks, and landfills were commonly hotspots of PFASs in groundwater. More novel PFASs have been detected via nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Some novel PFASs had concentrations comparable to that of PFOS and PFOA. Both legacy and novel PFASs can pose a risk to human population who rely on contaminated groundwater as drinking water. Transport of PFASs to groundwater is influenced by various factors, i.e., the compound structure, the hydrochemical condition, and terrain. The exchange of PFASs between groundwater and surface water needs to be better characterized. Field monitoring, isotope tracing, nontarget screening, and modeling are useful approaches and should be integrated to get a comprehensive understanding of PFASs sources and behaviors in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Leien Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jamin Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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7
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Liu X, Wu L, Kümmel S, Richnow HH. Stable isotope fractionation associated with the synthesis of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers for characterizing sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133938. [PMID: 35149010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stable isotope fingerprints of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers have potential for identifying sources as they are related to the synthesis processes and isotopic compositions of raw materials. However, the isotopic fractionation associated with the synthesis processes has not been investigated. Therefore, photochemical synthesis experiments using benzene and chlorine gas were conducted to characterize the associated isotopic fractionation under different conditions. Different patterns of isotopic fractionation factors (αC, αCl, and αH) were observed in each experiment. The large variability of αH is related to the accumulating secondary hydrogen isotope effects or the rearrangement of C-H bonds at the cyclohexane ring. An increase of δ13C and δ37Cl values of HCH isomers was observed during synthesis, which is related to the C-Cl bond formation in the radical dichlorination forming HCH and the subsequent chlorine substitution forming heptachlorocyclohexanes. The large variability of δ2H values is related to the secondary and primary hydrogen isotope effects. Different δ13C, δ37Cl and δ2H values among HCH isomers were observed, indicating that conformational complexity of HCH caused by arrangement of C-Cl bonds in planar and axial positions also influence the isotope values. The understanding of isotopic fractionation during HCH synthesis can be indicative for source identification in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis of Hexachlorocyclohexanes by Liquid–Liquid Extraction Gas Chromatography Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry: Method Evaluation and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092874. [PMID: 35566221 PMCID: PMC9102580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer specific isotope analysis (ESIA) are powerful tools for assessing the fate of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the environment. However, there is no systematic study on the CSIA and ESIA analysis test methods of the carbon isotopes of HCHs in water and soil environments, in particular the isotope fractionation in the pre-concentration process. We endeavored to test the compatibility of CSIA and ESIA with the liquid–liquid extraction method of HCHs in water. The results showed that there were negligible changes in the δ13C of HCHs after extraction, indicating that liquid–liquid extraction can be used as a pre-concentration method for the determination of δ13C of HCHs in water. The optimized method was validated and then applied to differentiate three HCHs from different manufacturers, to identify in situ degradation of HCHs of groundwater from a contaminated site and to resolve the carbon isotope fractionation occurring in the α-HCH oxidation by CaO2/Fe(II) Fenton system. The results showed that the same reagents from different manufacturers have different carbon isotope compositions, and different isomers from the same manufacturer also have different isotope compositions, showing useful evidence in identifying the source of HCHs. The more enriched δ13C in the down-gradient wells indicated that HCHs have undergone biodegradation or/and chemical reactions in the groundwater system of the site. Carbon isotopic enrichment factors (εC) of −1.90 ± 0.10‰ were obtained in the oxidation process. Hence, the method validated in this study has great potential as a method for identifying the degradation of HCHs in a water environment.
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Cui G, Lartey-Young G, Chen C, Ma L. Photodegradation of pesticides using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA): a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25122-25140. [PMID: 35478915 PMCID: PMC9037106 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly applied in agriculture to protect crops from pests, weeds, and harmful pathogens. However, chronic, low-level exposure to pesticides can be toxic to humans. Photochemical degradation of pesticides in water, soil, and other environmental media can alter their environmental fate and toxicity. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is an advanced diagnostic tool to quantify the degradation of organic pollutants and provide insight into reaction mechanisms without the need to identify transformation products. CSIA allows for the direct quantification of organic degradation, including pesticides. This review summarizes the recent developments observed in photodegradation studies on different categories of pesticides using CSIA technology. Only seven pesticides have been studied using photodegradation, and these studies have mostly occurred in the last five years. Knowledge gaps in the current literature, as well as potential approaches for CSIA technology for pesticide monitoring, are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the CSIA analytical method is challenged by chemical element types, the accuracy of instrument analysis, reaction conditions, and the stability of degradation products. Finally, future research applications and the operability of this method are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolu Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China
| | - George Lartey-Young
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Limin Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China
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Liu X, Wu L, Kümmel S, Richnow HH. Characterizing the biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexanes in wheat using compound-specific stable isotope analysis and enantiomer fraction analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124301. [PMID: 33144013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) are persistent organic pollutants being responsible for environmental contamination worldwide. In order to characterize transformation of HCHs in different plant compartments during uptake, a hydroponic experimental setup was designed using wheat as the test plant. The extent of transformation was determined by using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer fraction (EF) analysis. In nutrient solutions, no change of carbon (δ13C) and chlorine isotope ratios (δ37Cl) of α-HCH and β-HCH was detected throughout the experiment indicating no transformation there. In wheat leaves, stems and roots, however, transformation of α-HCH due to a C‒Cl bond cleavage was indicated by increasing δ13C and δ37Cl compared to the nutrient solution. In addition, 1,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene (PCCH) was identified as the major metabolite of α-HCH transformation. For β-HCH, in contrast, no transformation was detected. The evaluation of enantiomer fraction analysis revealed no change of the EF(-) in the nutrient solution or on root surface but a decrease in the wheat compartments, providing an evidence for the preferential biological transformation of (-)α-HCH in wheat. The current study provides the first experimental evidence for biotransformation of α-HCH in wheat using CSIA and EF and provides a concept to evaluate processes during phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Liu X, Bonhomme J, Merbach I, Kümmel S, Richnow HH. Uptake of α-HCH by wheat from the gas phase and translocation to soil analyzed by a stable carbon isotope labeling experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128489. [PMID: 33059287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCH) are persistent organic pollutants which cause serious environmental pollution. Phytoextraction is one of the strategies of phytoremediation, which was considered as a promising method for the clean-up of HCH contaminated field sites. To understand the uptake and translocation mechanisms of HCH in soil-plant system, the uptake of HCH from the gas phase was investigated in a tracer experiment with 13C-labeled α-HCH. The results provide new insights on the uptake mechanism of HCH and allow the elucidation of transport pathways of POPs from the leaves to the rhizosphere. A higher dissipation of α-HCH in planted set-ups versus unplanted controls indicated next to intensive biodegradation in the rhizosphere the removal of HCH by root uptake, accumulation and possible transformation within plants. Analyzing the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of α-HCH in the soil of unplanted controls revealed a change of 15.8-28.6‰ compared to the initial δ13C value, indicating that a soil gas phase transportation of α-HCH occurred. Additionally, higher δ13C values of α-HCH were observed in bulk and rhizosphere soil in non-labeled treatments compared to unplanted controls, revealing the uptake of α-HCH from the gas phase by the leaves and the further translocation to the roots and finally release to the rhizosphere. This uptake by the leaves and the subsequent translocation of α-HCH within the plant is further indicated by the observed variations of the δ13C value of α-HCH in different plant tissues at different growth stages. The uptake and translocation pathways of α-HCH from the gas phase need to be considered in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Bonhomme
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Process Engineering, Ecole Superieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, 43, Boulevard Du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ines Merbach
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06102, Halle, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Gilevska T, Sullivan Ojeda A, Renpenning J, Kümmel S, Gehre M, Nijenhuis I, Sherwood Lollar B. Requirements for Chromium Reactors for Use in the Determination of H Isotopes in Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis of Chlorinated Compounds. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2383-2387. [PMID: 31898453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong need for careful quality control in hydrogen compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of halogenated compounds. This arises in part due to the lack of universal design of the chromium (Cr) reactors. In this study, factors that optimize the critical performance parameter, linearity, for the Cr reduction method for hydrogen isotope analysis were identified and evaluated. These include the effects of short and long vertically mounted reactors and temperature profiles on trapping of Cl to ensure accurate and precise hydrogen isotope measurements. This paper demonstrates the critical parameters that need consideration to optimize any Cr reactor applications to ensure the accuracy of δ2H analysis for organic compounds and to enhance intercomparability for both international standards and reference materials run by continuous flow versus an elemental analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Gilevska
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B1 , Canada
| | - Ann Sullivan Ojeda
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B1 , Canada
| | - Julian Renpenning
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
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13
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Wu L, Liu Y, Liu X, Bajaj A, Sharma M, Lal R, Richnow HH. Isotope fractionation approach to characterize the reactive transport processes governing the fate of hexachlorocyclohexanes at a contaminated site in India. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105036. [PMID: 31382184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The transformation processes of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) from production sites of Lindane across the landscape and along the food web were studied as an example to understand the fate of POPs in the environment. Therefore, we studied the concentration and isotope composition of HCHs in different matrices in the vicinity of a dumpsite and a chemical plant producing HCHs in India. Carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) of HCHs and the enantiomer fraction (EF) of α-HCH were used as indicators to characterize in situ degradation in soil, groundwater, and sediment as well as along the food web. The HCHs were detected in plants growing on contaminated soil. Elevated concentrations of HCHs were found in a number of crops, which indicates an important transfer pathway of HCHs entering food webs. The EF value of α-HCH and the δ13C signature of HCHs indicated that degradation processes occurred in the rhizosphere or within the plants potentially attenuating the contamination of HCHs. The isotope enrichment of HCHs in dung and milk samples showed that degradation of HCHs may take place in the digestive track of cow and buffalo as well as during their metabolism. The δ13C of HCHs was used to analyze the potential dispersion routes on the landscape scale in order to understand the reactive transport pathways starting at the source of HCHs. In this study, the potential of carbon isotope fractionation and EF for characterizing uptake of HCHs into plants and accumulation in the food web were examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using the combination of stable isotope fractionation and EF to track the reactive transport processes in a complex environment including the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Abhay Bajaj
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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Ponsin V, Torrentó C, Lihl C, Elsner M, Hunkeler D. Compound-Specific Chlorine Isotope Analysis of the Herbicides Atrazine, Acetochlor, and Metolachlor. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14290-14298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Ponsin
- Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Clara Torrentó
- Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Lihl
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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15
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Liu Y, Wu L, Kohli P, Kumar R, Stryhanyuk H, Nijenhuis I, Lal R, Richnow HH. Enantiomer and Carbon Isotope Fractionation of α-Hexachlorocyclohexane by Sphingobium indicum Strain B90A and the Corresponding Enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8715-8724. [PMID: 31266304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chiral organic contaminants, like α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), showed isotope fractionation and enantiomer fractionation during biodegradation. This study aims to understand the correlation between these two processes. Initial tests of α-HCH degradation by six Sphingobium strains (with different LinA variants) were conducted. Results showed variable enantiomer selectivity over the time course. In contrast, constant enantiomer selectivity was observed in experiments employing (i) cell suspensions, (ii) crude extracts, or (iii) LinA1 and LinA2 enzymes of strain B90A for α-HCH degradation in enzyme activity assay buffer. The average value of enantioselectivity (ES) were -0.45 ± 0.03 (cell suspensions), -0.60 ± 0.05 (crude extracts), and 1 (LinA1) or -1 (LinA2). The average carbon isotope enrichment factors (εc) of (+)α- and (-)α-HCH were increased from cells suspensions (-6.3 ± 0.1‰ and -2.3 ± 0.03‰) over crude extracts (-7.7 ± 0.4‰ and -3.4 ± 0.02‰) to purified enzymes (-11.1 ± 0.3‰ and -3.8 ± 0.2‰). The variability of ES and the εc were discussed based on the effect of mass transport and degradation rates. Our study demonstrates that enantiomer and isotope fractionation of α-HCH are two independent processes and both are affected by underlying reactions of individual enzymes and mass transport to a different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Puneet Kohli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi - 110007 , India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi - 110007 , India
| | - Hryhoriy Stryhanyuk
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi - 110007 , India
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
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16
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A concept for studying the transformation reaction of hexachlorocyclohexanes in food webs using multi-element compound-specific isotope analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1064:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Schilling IE, Hess R, Bolotin J, Lal R, Hofstetter TB, Kohler HPE. Kinetic Isotope Effects of the Enzymatic Transformation of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane by the Lindane Dehydrochlorinase Variants LinA1 and LinA2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2353-2363. [PMID: 30674184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) can provide insights into the natural attenuation processes of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), an important class of persistent organic pollutants. However, the interpretation of HCH stable isotope fractionation is conceptually challenging. HCHs exist as different conformers that can be converted into each other, and the enzymes responsible for their transformation discriminate among those HCH conformers. Here, we investigated the enzyme specificity of apparent 13C- and 2H-kinetic isotope effects (AKIEs) associated with the dehydrochlorination of γ-HCH (lindane) by two variants of the lindane dehydrochlorinases LinA1 and LinA2. While LinA1 and LinA2 attack γ-HCH at different trans-1,2-diaxial H-C-C-Cl moieties, the observed C and H isotope fractionation was large, typical for bimolecular eliminations, and was not affected by conformational mobility. 13C-AKIEs for transformation by LinA1 and LinA2 were the same (1.024 ± 0.001 and 1.025 ± 0.001, respectively), whereas 2H-AKIEs showed minor differences (2.4 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.1). Variations of isotope effects between LinA1 and LinA2 are small and in the range reported for different degrees of C-H bond cleavage in transition states of dehydrochlorination reactions. The large C and H isotope fractionation reported here for experiments with pure enzymes contrasts with previous observations from whole cell experiments and suggests that specific uptake processes by HCH-degrading microorganisms might modulate the observable HCH isotope fractionation at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Schilling
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Ramon Hess
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Jakov Bolotin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter E Kohler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
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18
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Filippini M, Nijenhuis I, Kümmel S, Chiarini V, Crosta G, Richnow HH, Gargini A. Multi-element compound specific stable isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic contaminants derived from chlorinated pitches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:153-162. [PMID: 29859433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene are typical by-products of the industrial production of chloromethanes. These by-products are known as "chlorinated pitches" and were often dumped in un-contained waste disposal sites causing groundwater contaminations. Previous research showed that a strongly depleted stable carbon isotope signature characterizes chlorinated compounds associated with chlorinated pitches whereas manufactured commercial compounds have more enriched carbon isotope ratios. The findings were restricted to a single case study and one element (i.e. carbon). This paper presents a multi-element Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA, including carbon, chlorine and hydrogen) of chlorinated aliphatic contaminants originated from chlorinated pitches at two sites with different hydrogeology and different producers of chloromethanes. The results show strongly depleted carbon signatures at both sites whereas the chlorine and the hydrogen signatures are comparable to those presented in the literature for manufactured commercial compounds. Multi-element CSIA allowed the identification of sources and site-specific processes affecting chloroethene transformation in groundwater as a result of emergency remediation measures. CSIA turned out to be an effective forensic tool to address the liability for the contamination, leading to a conviction for the crimes of unintentional aggravated public water supply poisoning and environmental disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filippini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Chiarini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Crosta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alessandro Gargini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy.
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19
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Kumar D, Pannu R. Perspectives of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) biodegradation from the environment: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Bakkour R, Bolotin J, Sellergren B, Hofstetter TB. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis of Polar Organic Micropollutants in Aquatic Environments. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7292-7301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rani Bakkour
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakov Bolotin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas B. Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Lian S, Nikolausz M, Nijenhuis I, Francisco Leite A, Richnow HH. Biotransformation and inhibition effects of hexachlorocyclohexanes during biogas production from contaminated biomass characterized by isotope fractionation concepts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:683-690. [PMID: 29220813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) production for pesticides was banned by Stockholm Convention (2009) due to its harmful and adverse effects on the environment. Despite this measure, many areas contaminated with former HCH production-waste products still require management. As a potential solution contributing to clean-up of these sites, anaerobic digestion (AD) of pesticide-contaminated biomass to produce biogas is a promising strategy. High pesticide concentrations, however, may inhibit biogas production. Therefore, laboratory-scale batch reactors were set up to investigate biogas reactor performance in presence of HCH. Inhibitory effects on biogas yield was observed with concentrations of HCH ≥ 150 mg/L. Carbon isotope composition of methane (δ13CCH4) showed significant fluctuation after an inhibition phase, indicating that HCH toxicity can affect the activity of acetoclastic methanogens. Furthermore, combined results of metabolites and carbon isotope fractionation factors (εc) demonstrated that α- and γ-HCH can be degraded to chlorobenzene and benzene via anaerobic reductive dechlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Lian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcell Nikolausz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Athaydes Francisco Leite
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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22
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Palau J, Shouakar-Stash O, Hatijah Mortan S, Yu R, Rosell M, Marco-Urrea E, Freedman DL, Aravena R, Soler A, Hunkeler D. Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation during the Biodegradation of 1,2-Dichloroethane: Potential for Pathway Identification Using a Multi-element (C, Cl, and H) Isotope Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10526-10535. [PMID: 28810730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Even though multi-element isotope fractionation patterns provide crucial information with which to identify contaminant degradation pathways in the field, those involving hydrogen are still lacking for many halogenated groundwater contaminants and degradation pathways. This study investigates for the first time hydrogen isotope fractionation during both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) using five microbial cultures. Transformation-associated isotope fractionation values (εbulkH) were -115 ± 18‰ (aerobic C-H bond oxidation), -34 ± 4‰ and -38 ± 4‰ (aerobic C-Cl bond cleavage via hydrolytic dehalogenation), and -57 ± 3‰ and -77 ± 9‰ (anaerobic C-Cl bond cleavage via reductive dihaloelimination). The dual-element C-H isotope approach (ΛC-H = Δδ2H/Δδ13C ≈ εbulkH/εbulkC, where Δδ2H and Δδ13C are changes in isotope ratios during degradation) resulted in clearly different ΛC-H values: 28 ± 4 (oxidation), 0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.1 (hydrolytic dehalogenation), and 1.76 ± 0.05 and 3.5 ± 0.1 (dihaloelimination). This result highlights the potential of this approach to identify 1,2-DCA degradation pathways in the field. In addition, distinct trends were also observed in a multi- (i.e., Δδ2H versus Δδ37Cl versus Δδ13C) isotope plot, which opens further possibilities for pathway identification in future field studies. This is crucial information to understand the mechanisms controlling natural attenuation of 1,2-DCA and to design appropriate strategies to enhance biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Palau
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, and Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orfan Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Isotope Tracer Technologies Inc. , Waterloo, Ontario N2 V 1Z5, Canada
| | - Siti Hatijah Mortan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carrer de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Monica Rosell
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carrer de les Sitges s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David L Freedman
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ramon Aravena
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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23
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Liu Y, Bashir S, Stollberg R, Trabitzsch R, Weiß H, Paschke H, Nijenhuis I, Richnow HH. Compound Specific and Enantioselective Stable Isotope Analysis as Tools To Monitor Transformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in a Complex Aquifer System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8909-8916. [PMID: 28673086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) mixtures and Lindane (γ-HCH) have been produced in Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany, for about 30 years until 1982. In the vicinity of the former dump sites and production facilities, large plumes of HCHs persist within two aquifer systems. We studied the natural attenuation of HCH in these groundwater systems through a combination of enantiomeric and carbon isotope fractionation to characterize the degradation of α-HCH in the areas downstream of a former disposal and production site in Bitterfeld-Wolfen. The concentration and isotope composition of α-HCH from the Quaternary and Tertiary aquifers were analyzed. The carbon isotope compositions were compared to the source signal of waste deposits for the dumpsite and highly contaminated areas. The average value of δ13C at dumpsite was -29.7 ± 0.3 ‰ and -29.0 ± 0.1 ‰ for (-) and (+)α-HCH, respectively, while those for the β-, γ-, δ-HCH isomers were -29.0 ± 0.3 ‰, -29.5 ± 0.4 ‰, and -28.2 ± 0.2 ‰, respectively. In the plume, the enantiomer fraction shifted up to 0.35, from 0.50 at source area to 0.15 (well T1), and was found accompanied by a carbon isotope enrichment of 5 ‰ and 2.9 ‰ for (-) and (+)α-HCH, respectively. The established model for interpreting isotope and enantiomer fractionation patterns showed potential for analyzing the degradation process at a field site with a complex history with respect to contamination and fluctuating geochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Stollberg
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Trabitzsch
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Weiß
- Department Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Paschke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department Of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ , Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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